Cellular Respiration Vocabulary ATP synthase - A group of membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial that function in chemiosmosis, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. acetyl coenzyme A -The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a piece of pyruvate attached to coenzyme A. anaerobic respiration – respiration in the absence of oxygen. carbon dioxide -A waste product released during Kreb’s Cycle. Chemiosmosis -An energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across the mitochondrial membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis. electron transport chain - A sequence of electron carrier molecules in the mitochondrial membrane that shuttle electrons releasing their energy. Ethanol - Product of alcohol fermentation, a type of anaerobic respiration. Pyruvate – The product of glycolysis, contains 3 carbons. FADH/FADH2 - an electron carrier created in Glycolysis and Kreb’s Cycle and used to create ATP in the Electron Transport Chain. Fermentation- makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid. Glucose -Original reactant of Glycolysis and cellular respiration. Glycolysis -The starting point for fermentation or aerobic respiration splitting glucose into pyruvate, occurs in the cytosol. Kreb's (Citric Acid) cycle - A chemical cycle that is the 2nd part of respiration and creates large amounts of NADH and FADH2 in the mitochondrion. lactic acid fermentation -The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.