Terms from DNA Notes
Rosalind Franklin – used x-rays to figure out that DNA is a double helix
Erwin Chargaff – determined that the amount of Adenine =amount of Thymine and the amount of
Cytosine = amount of Guanine in DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick – won Nobel prize for discovering the structure of DNA
Semi-conservative model of DNA replication – new piece of DNA is half “original” DNA and half new
DNA
3 parts of a DNA nucleotide – sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base (A,T,C, or G)
DNA and RNA are what type of macromolecule? – nucleic acids
4 DNA bases – Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Deoxyribose – sugar in DNA
Purines – double ringed bases (adenine and guanine)
Pyrimidines – single ringed bases (cytosine and thymine)
Replication – process by which DNA is copied
Bonds with Adenine in DNA - Thymine
Nucleosome – structure in chromatin consisting of DNA wrapped around a histone protein
Histone – a protein that binds to DNA
Chromatin – DNA and proteins – found in the nucleus
Chromosome – structure made up of tightly coiled chromatin
Make up the backbone of DNA – sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate
Terms from RNA/Protein Synthesis Notes
3 differences between DNA and RNA – Sugar (deoxyribose(DNA) vs. ribose(RNA)), RNA uses Uracil
instead of Thymine, RNA is single stranded – DNA is double stranded
Bonds with Adenine in RNA - Uracil
Ribose - sugar found in RNA
Three types of RNA – mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Function of mRNA – bring DNA code to ribosome
Function of tRNA – bring amino acids to the ribosome as the mRNA code is read
Function of rRNA – makes up ribosomes
Transcription – process of making an RNA copy from DNA
Translation – ribosome reading the mRNA code to make proteins
Codon – three bases that code for an amino acid found on mRNA
Anti-codon – found on tRNA, three bases that match up with the codon
Genetic Code – DNA and RNA
Building blocks of Proteins – amino acids
Polypeptide- a chain of amino acids
Number of possible codons - 64
AUG- start codon
Stop codons – UGA, UAA, UAG
Number of possible amino acids - 20
The bond between amino acids – peptide bond
Polypeptides can combine to form these - proteins
Type of RNA that contains codons - mRNA
Type of RNA that contains anti-codons - tRNA
Why is transcription necessary? – to make multiple copies of DNA so proteins can be made faster