1
Complete Guide
To
TOPIK
Test of Proficiency in Korean
Vocabulary & Grammar
BEGINNER LEVEL
By
TOPIK GUIDE
www.topikguide.com
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Copyright © 2014 Satish Chandra Satyarthi
All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any
manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the
use of brief quotations in a book review or scholarly journal.
First Published: 2014
TOPIK GUIDE
Seoul, South Korea
www.topikguide.com
Send your feedback to: admin@topikguide.com
Table of Contents
SECTION I............................................................................................................................................................... 6
TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계............................................................................................................................................... 7
TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계 ................................................................................................................................................... 11
TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계 .......................................................................................................................................... 18
TYPE 4. 조사 ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
TYPE 5.접사 .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
TYPE 6. 부정 부사 ................................................................................................................................................ 28
SECTION II ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
1.
Nouns .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.
Counting Units ............................................................................................................................................ 41
3.
Verbs ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
4.
Adjectives .................................................................................................................................................... 49
5.
Adverbs ....................................................................................................................................................... 52
6.
Conjunctions ............................................................................................................................................... 55
7.
Question Words .......................................................................................................................................... 55
8.
Numbers ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
1.
Grammar & Vocabulary Study Tips ........................................................................................................ 58
2.
How to Improve your Korean Vocabulary .............................................................................................. 59
5
SECTION I
Complete TOPIK Grammar
Beginner Level
6
TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계
Grammar
Explanation
Example
Sentence
V+아/어/여주다
To do something for
someone
iPhone 사주세요 –
Please buy me an
iPhone.
V+아/어/여드리다
To do something for
someone else (honorific
of 아/어/여주다)
해드릴게요 – I will
do it for you.
V+아/어/여보다
It is used to convey
meanings such as
'someone tries doing
something (to see how it
will turn out) or 'someone
does something to see
(how it will turn out).'
오늘낙지를먹어봅
시다. Let’s try
eating octopus
today.
A/V+아/어/여보이다
It conveys meanings such 맛있어 보여요.
as likeness, resemblance,
It looks delicious.
or similarity. When
attached directly to the
stems of adjectives.
The past tense form of this
pattern is '-아/어/여보였다.'
A/V+ 아/어/여도
`-도' is used to express
'even if, even though'
7
질이 좋아도
비싸요. Even if
quality is good but
it’s expensive.
A/+V 아/어/여도
되다
This pattern is used to ask
for and giving permission.
A positive reply should be
like 아/어/여도되다/좋다/
들어와도 돼요?
May I come in?
괜찮다, For the negative
answer to a request for
permission, you have to
use the pattern '(으)면안되다.' May do’
A/V+아/어/여서 1
V+ 아/어/여서 2
A/V+아/어/여야
되다/하다
Is used to indicate cause
or reason; in declarative
and interrogative
sentences; cannot be used
in imperative and
propositive sentence,
where another connective
'-(으)니까' is used
It is used when the
subject performs one
action and then a second
one; it is attached to the
first verb and is then
followed by a second
verb.
is used to express
obligation or necessity;
tense is expressed in the
verb '하다'. ‘Must, have to’
아파서 학교에 못
가요.
I can’t go school
because I’m sick.
아침에 일어나서
샤워를 해요.
I take shower after
I wake up in the
morning.
매일 학교에 가야
돼요.
One should go to
school daily.
제가 내일 부산에
가야 해요.
I have to go to
Busan tomorrow.
8
V+아/어/여야겠다
Will have to do
something.
5 월 말까지 세금을
내야겠어요.
I’ll have to pay
taxes by end of
May.
A/V+아/어/여요
The informal polite speech
style (present tense)
나는 시장에
가요/갑니다.
I’m going to
market.
이 책이 좋아요.
This book is good.
A+아/어/여지다
To become/get …something 날씨가 더워져요.
(Change is status/degree)
The weather is
getting hot.
열심히 공부하면
한국어 실력이
좋아질 거예요.
If you study hard,
your Korean will
get better.
A/V+았/었/였다
Past Tense
사라는 어제
It is used to indicate an
action which took place in
the past or a condition
which used to exist.
고향에 갔어요.
Sara went to
hometown
yesterday.
영화가
재미있었어요.
The movie was
interesting.
9
A/V+았/었/였겠다
A/V+았/었/였으면좋
겠다
이/가아니다
This grammar pattern is
used to convey
supposition, conjecture, a
guess, a thought or
observation about
something in the past. It
can sometimes be
translated as 'I think', 'I
bet', 'I guess', 'It must have
been ~'. This pattern
cannot be used to express
the thoughts or
supposition (etc) of a
second or third person
and must express the
thought of the person
saying or writing it.
배고팠겠다.
It is used to express the
speaker's hope or desire.
Even though the past
tense -았/었/였- is used,
this pattern does not refer
to the past. So, even when
this pattern is used
without the past tense like
‘-(으)면좋겠다', there is no
difference in meaning.
키가 좀 더 컸으면
You must have
been hungry.
우리는 늦었어.
수업이 끝났겠어.
We are late. The
class must have
been over.
졸겠어요.
I wish I was a little
taller.
여행을 갈 수
있었으면 좋겠다.
It would have
been great if I
could go on a trip.
Is/am/are not
저는 중국 사람이
The negative of ‘-이다‘
아닙니다.
I am not Chinese.
이것은 사실이
아니에요. This is
not the truth.
10
이에요/예요
The informal polite form of
‘-입니다’
내 책이에요. This
is my book.
TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계
V-(으)ㄴ지
(시간) 되다
This pattern 'Verb + -(으)ㄴ지 + 대학교를 졸업한 지
time word + 되다' is used to
express an interval of time
which extends from a definite
past to the present. The case
marker '-가` or '-는' can be
5 년 됐어요.
It has been 5 years
since I graduated
from University.
attached optionally after ‘지'
A/V+
(으)ㄴ/는/을 것
It seems/looks/appears like
…….
같다
N+ 인 것 같다 - Present
N+ 인 것 같다
A + (으)ㄴ것 같다 –
Present/past
A + (으)ㄹ 것 같다 - Future
V+ (으)ㄴ것 같다 - past
그 사람은 한국인인
것 같아.
I think he is Korean.
이게 더 좋은 것
같아요.
I think this is better.
비가 오는 것 같아.
V+ 는 것 같다 – Present
I guess it's raining.
V+ (으)ㄹ 것 같다 – future
곧 도착할 것 같아요.
I think I’ll arrive
soon.
V+ (으)ㄴ 후에
It means ‘after having done
something’; used with the
action verbs. The tense is
expressed in the main (final)
verb.
11
수업이 끝난 후에
시장에 가자.
Let’s go to the market
after class.
A/V+(으)ㄹ
거예요
The informal ending of the
future tense ‘-(으)ㄹ겁니다‘;
with a 3rd person subject it
expresses a supposition or
presumption, with a
1st person subject – the
speaker’s plan or intention
우리는 오늘 문법을
공부할 거에요.
We will study
grammar today.
박 대통령님은 인도
방문을 할 거예요.
President Park
supposes to visit
India.
A+V-(으)ㄹ 수
있다/없다
It is used with verbs and
indicates ability, capability,
possibility or permission
누가 이것을 할 수
있어요?
Who can do this?
A/V-(으)ㄹ 줄
I didn’t know that …………
알았다/몰랐다
학교가 이렇게 넓을
줄 몰랐어요.
I didn’t know that
the school is so big.
돈을 버는 게 이렇게
어려운 줄 몰랐어요.
I didn’t know
earning money is so
difficult.
-(으)ㄹ까하다
‘I am thinking of doing
something…’
방학때 여행을 할까
해요.
I’m thinking of going
on a trip in vacation.
-(으)ㄹ래요
V + (으)ㄹ래요 : This grammar
pattern has several usages:
12
나는 이제 잘래.
1. When used with in the
first person tense, it is
used to expresses the
intention or will of the
speaker.
2. When used with another
subject, it asks for the
thoughts and intentions
of the listener. This can
be a polite way of
asking someone if they
want to or can do
something either with
you or for you. However
in the case with
strangers, elders or
people in a higher
status position, you
should attach the
honorific suffix 시 if you
are asking them to do
something for you,
otherwise it can still
seem rude (even with a
요 ending!). See below.
V-(으)러
It is used to express the
purpose of the subject's
action and is followed by
either '가다'(to go), '오다'(to
come) or their compounds, or
any verb which indicates
movement, such as '다니다'(to
go and come regularly)
13
I'm going to sleep
now.
내일 영화 보러
갈래요?
Do you want to go
see a movie
tomorrow?
너 죽을래?
Do you wanna die?
소주 한 병 더
주실래요?
Could I have
another bottle of
soju?"
수영하러 갑시다.
Let’s go for
swimming.
-(으)려고
Plan/intend to do ….
하는데요
미래에 사업을
하려고 하는데요.
I plan to do business
in future.
-(으)려면
If you want to do … / In
order to do ….
장학금을 받으려면
열심히 공부해야
돼요.
If you want to get
scholarship then you
have to study hard.
A/V-(으)면 되다
You just have to do …
여기 사인해 주시면
돼요.
You just have to sign
here.
학생은 성실하면
돼요.
A student should be
sincere.
A/V-(으)면 좋다
It would be good if ….
아침 9 시에 오시면
좋겠어요.
It would be good if
you come at 9 AM.
V-(으)ㅂ시다
“Let’s do…”
커피 한잔 마십시다.
It is used to express the
subject's suggestion with the
action verbs and the verb of
existence '있다'. It cannot be
used with '이다' nor with
adjectives. In plain speech
14
Let’s have a cup of
coffee together.
style(반말) you can use the
form '-자'
V-(으)시-
The honorific form
아버님께서 신문을
ex: 가다 – 가시다.
보십니다.
Some verbs have a special
honorific version of them:
Father is reading
newspaper.
먹다 – 드시다, 잡수시다
어디에서 오셨어요?
있다 – 계시다
Where have you
come from?
자다 – 주무시다
만나다 – 뵙다
V-(으)ㄴ 적이
있다
Indicate one's past
experiences. “Have the
experience of doing ….”
있어요.
It’s also used like – V+아/어
I’ve been to Korea.
내가 한국에 간 적이
본 적이 있다.
A/V-(으)ㄴ/는지
I know that ….
우리 반친구 미누가
일본에 가는 지
알다
알아요?
Do you know that
our classmate Minu
is going to Japan?
A/V-(으)ㄴ/는데
It is a conjunction used to
introduce a certain fact, or
background information. It
can have a meaning of –
but, and, so etc.
N + 인데
A + -ㄴ(은)데
15
김치를 먹는데 맛이
없었어요.
I’ve tried eating
Kimchi but it wasn’t
tasty.
V + 는데
오늘 날씨 좋은데
한강에 갈까?
The weather is good
today; shall we go to
Han river?
A/V-(으)니까
V-(으)ㄹ때
Indicates reason and cause.
Used when the main clause
is an imperative (세요/십시오) or propositive (-
벌써 늦었으니까
택시로 갑시다.
ㅂ시다).
Let’s go by taxi as
we are already late.
While, when, at the time of
나는 고향에 갈 때
기차로 가요.
I go by train when I
visit my hometown.
V-(으)ㄹ 줄
알다/모르다
-(으)ㄹ게요
I know/don’t know how to
do something
It is used to express the
knowledge or lack of
knowledge of a technique
or process of doing
something
I will, We will ((It is used with
first person subject only)
The speaker's intention or
plan or promise. It is used
with action verbs as well as
with the verb 있다
V-(으)ㄹ까요?
그녀는 운전할 줄
몰라요.
She doesn’t know
how to drive.
이번에 열심히
할게요.
I will surely work
hard this time.
Shall we do…?
시간이 있으면 내일
It is used to put a proposal
and ask someone's opinion,
view or appraisal.
시장에 갈까요?
16
If you have time
then shall we go to
market tomorrow?
V-(으)려고
In the middle
of sentence
In order to do something,
with the purpose of
It is used to indicate the
purpose of the speaker
(subject)'s action.
V-(으)려고 하다 Plan to/Intend to do
something
In the end of
It is used with
sentence
verbs(including `있다'); this
pattern is used to indicate a
subject's intention; restricted
to first and second personal
pronouns
친구를 선물하려고
모자를 샀어요.
I bought a hat for gift
it to my friend.
이번 주말에 친구를
만나려고 합니다.
I plan to meet a
friend this weekend.
돈을 아끼고 집을
사려고 해요.
I intend to buy a
house after saving
money.
A/V-(으)면
If….
저를 만나고 싶으면
It can be used with any
verb or adjective and
indicates condition and/or
stipulation; in Korean the
dependent clause precedes
the main clause. Sometimes,
the word `만일/만약' is used
at the beginning of a
conditional clause.
A/V-(으)면 안
되다
You should not do that./ It
would not be good if….
17
내일 와요.
If you want to meet
me, come tomorrow.
여기서 담배를 피우면
안 돼요.
You should not smoke
here.
V-(으)면서
While doing something…
저녁을 먹으면서
It is used to express two
뉴즈를 봐요.
simultaneous actions done
I have my dinner
by the same person. It
attaches to the verb directly; while watching news.
someone does something
while he is doing something
else (at the same time)
V-(으)세요
V-(으)십시오
It implies respect of the
speaker for the subject of
the sentence, means 'Please
do something' when
referring to the second
person
Imperative verb form/ Please
do ….
(A little more polite/honorific
than V-(으)세요)
여기 앉으세요.
Please sit here.
선생님, 먼저
가십시오.
Sir, you go first,
please.
TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계
N+ 때문에
N/A/V거나
‘because of, owing to, as a result
of, in consequence of’
[열거] and; or; [양보](even) though
[if]; no matter how
(what／when／where／who);
whatever
18
비 때문에 늦었어요.
I got late because of
the rain.
아무거나 – anything
싸거나 비싸거나
살게요.
No matter whether
it’s cheap or
expensive I’ll buy it.
V-게 되다
Happen to do something, get to
do something..
교수님덕분에
It is used to express the idea that
the situation has changed due to
some conditions. Generally used
when a new work/situation is
started
Thanks to my
professor, I got
employed.
취직하게 됐어요.
V -고
I want to do something…
싶다
It is used to indicate the desire of
Want to see (Miss)
the subject and is used with
you.
action verbs and ‘있다.’
A/V-군요
It is used to express surprise,
delight, or wonder with an
exclamation mark;
한국말도
Adj + N(-이다) - ‘-군요!'
Wow! You speak
Korean as well!
너를 보고 싶다.
하시는군요!
Verb - ‘-는군요!'
N/A/V (Past Tense) - ‘-군요!’
이거 참 잘 맛있군요!
This is delicious!
V-기(가)
It is easy to do ….
다른 언어보다
쉽다
한국어 배우기(가)
쉬워요.
It is easy to learn
Korean than other
languages.
A/V-기도
It is also …..
시간이 사람들을
하다
슬프게 하기도 하고
19
행복하게 하기도
해요.
Time makes people
both sad and happy.
V-기로
Decide to do something..
수진은 취직하기로
하다
It is used to indicate one's
decision; the verb `-하다' can be
했어요.
replaced by the verb `약속하다,
Sujin has decided to
work.
결정하다, 결심하다, 작정하다’
V-지 않기로 하다' means 'to
decide not to do';
V-기로 하지 않다' means 'do not
decide to do'
V-는
중이다
I am in the middle of
something/doing something
저는 지금 점심을
먹는 중이에요.
I’m in the middle of
my lunch.
A/Vㅂ/습니까?
Formal style question final ending
(Present Tense)
A/Vㅂ/습니다
돈이 있습니까?
Do you have
money?
아니요, 돈이
없습니다.
No, I don’t have
money.
20
V-지 말아요 Do not do something..
V-지 마세요
The pattern '-지 말다`
preceded by an action verb
expresses prohibition or
dissuasion. This pattern is
always used as a negative
imperative sentence or a
negative propositive sentence.
V-지 맙시다 – Let’s not do..
여기 담배 피우지
마세요.
Do not smoke here.
시끄럽게 하지 마세요.
Don’t make noise.
오늘 학교에 가지
맙시다.
Let’s not go to school
today.
A/V-지 않다 ‘negation'; directly follows by
verbs or adjectives; ‘not, no’
A/V-지 않아요 – Present
나는 고기를 먹지
않아요.
I don’t eat meat.
A/V-지 않았어요 – Past
A/V-지 않겠어요/않을 거예요 Future
N + 말고
Not that… /Don’t do that
산말고 바다에
V + 지 말고
(Generally followed by an
imperative or proposative
verb)
가자.
21
Let’s go to the sea,
not the mountain.
전화하지 말고
직접 오세요.
Don't call me, but
please come here
yourself.
공부하지 말고
영화 보자.
Let's not study, but
watch a movie
instead.
-께
To someone
할머니께 편지 하나
Polite and honorific form
of’에게’
썼어요.
I wrote a letter to
grandma.
선생님께 드리려고
선물을 샀어요.
I bought a gift for my
teacher.
V-겠(V-겠어요/
겠습니까)
V-고 있다
V-기때문에
Will/Shall (Future/Intention)
선생님, 저 내일 뵈러
Pre-ending -겠- is used for
expressing the speaker's
conjecture or supposition or
for asking intention of the
person spoken to in a polite
request.
가겠어요.
V-ing; is/am/are doing
지금 무엇을 하고
It is used to indicate a kind
of process or continuing
action; ‘Is doing’; this pattern
can have two different
meanings when used with
verbs dealing with items of
clothing: 입다, 쓰다, 신다; it is
often used to express an
action which started in the
past and is still going on. Like
– I am wearing that dress
(저는 그 옷을 입고 있다.)
있어요?
Sir/madam, I will come
to meet you tomorrow.
What are you doing
now?
요즘 한국어를 배우고
있어요.
I am learning Korean
these days.
’so, therefore, because’
아프기 때문이 수업을
It is used to express cause
and reason;
놓쳤어요.
I missed the class
because I’m sick.
22
V-기 위해서
For doing something..
성공하기 위해서
Is used in complex sentences
and indicates the action in
the second sentence that is
the reason for achieving the
object of the first sentence
열심히 해야 돼요.
You have to work hard
for success.
Alternate pattern: N/V+기 –
위하여/위한
To show exclamation/surprise
맛있네요 (It’s delicious!)
A/VThese modifiers are used to
는/(으)ㄴ/(으) make a descriptive or action
verb an adjective. They are
ㄹ+N
also used to make a complete
clause an adjective.
제가 어제 먹은 음식이
A/V-네요
맛있어요.
Adj/Descriptive V – ㄴ/은
The food that I ate
yesterday was
delicious.
('예쁜, 좋은, 아름다운, 바쁜)
우리 지금 읽는 책이
Verb -ㄴ/은 (Past)
인기 많은 소설이에요.
Verb – 는 (Present)
The book that we are
reading now is a
popular novel.
Verb – ㄹ/을 (Future)
내일 만날 사람이 제
여자 친구예요.
The person I will meet
tomorrow is my
girlfriend.
A/V-지만
A/V-지요/죠
It is used to join two
sentences which are in
contrast with each other. ‘But’
Isn’t it?
질이 좋지만 비싸요.
The quality is good but
it’s expensive.
한국어를 배우기가
쉽지요.
23
It is used if you want to seek
the listener’s agreement or to
ascertain what listener means
Learning Korean is
easy, isn’t it?
한국인이죠?
You are Korean.
Right/aren’t you?
TYPE 4. 조사
이/가
Subject particle
질이 좋다. Quality is good.
Indicates that the preceding
noun phrase is the subject of
the sentence. ‘-가’ is used after
a word which ends with a
vowel, while `-이’ is used after
a consonant
은/는
Topic Particle
학교가 멀어요. School is
far.
이것은 책입니다.
The most important topic of the
sentence/ where you want to
focus. Students are often
confused between 은/는 and
This is a book.
이/가. They have quite similar
functions and most of the times
can be used interchangeably.
까지
Till
2 시까지 공부합니다.
It expresses the finishing point
of the action
I study till 2 o’clock.
끝까지 합시다. Let’s do it it
till the end.
에게,
To someone
학생들에게 거짓말하지
It’s a dative marker which
attaches to animate nouns; is
마세요.
24
께
often used as ‘한테’ in spoken
language
Don’t tell lies to students.
Honorific Form of 에게
선생님께 – To the teacher
To (by/for) a person; about;
around; toward (a time); in the
vicinity (neighborhood) of;
near (a place)
께서
도
Honorific form of 은/는/이/가
할아버지께서 집에 계세요.
Can also mean ‘From’
Grandfather is at home.
Means 'also' or 'too'. This can
replace the subjective marker
'-가/이', and the objective
나도 가고 싶어요.
I also want to go.
marker '-을/를`
마다
‘each; every; all’
나라마다 풍습이 달라요.
Every country has different
customs.
만큼
밖에
As much as, up to/ to that
extent
Except something. Nothing but
…
해만큼 바다가 아니예요.
Sea is not wide as ocean.
내 지갑에 100 원밖에
없어요.
I’ve nothing but 100 won
in my wallet.
보다
(more than)It is used for
comparison.
지하철이 택시보다 더
It is often accompanied by '더' which means 'more'
25
빨라요.
Subway is faster than a
taxi.
부터
It means ‘from’, the starting
point of an action
여기부터 시작합시다. Let’s
start from here.
8 시부터 수업이 있어요.
I have class from 8.
에
It is attached to nouns, and
followed by '있다'(to be) and
'없다'(not to be).. Meaning: “in,
at, on”.
저는 도서관에 있어요.
I am in the library.
When used with verb
가다/오다 it means ‘To’
에서
와/과
'At' or 'in' indicating the place
where some action takes
place.
있어요.
When used with verb
가다/오다 it means ‘From’
I am studying at the
library.
‘and, with, along (together)
with’
호주와 한국. Australia and
Korea
It can be used with words –
같이/함께 (together)
(으)로
Towards, By
Indicates a choice, shows
direction, means, status, cause
저는 도서관에서 공부하고
어머님과 살아요. I live with
my mother.
강남으로 가요. I am going
to Gangnam.
버스로 가요. I am going by
bus.
커피로 하겠어요. I’ll have
coffee
을/를
Object particle
나는 한국어를 배워요.
I learn Korean.
26
의,
만
(이)나
‘s , … of (possessive particle)
영숙의 책. Youngsuk’s book.
It is preceded by a noun and
indicates possession,
relationship, origin or status
location
한국의 수도. Capital of
Korea
‘only’; can be attached to
almost any word in the
sentence
Or/But
나는 10000 원만 있어요.
I’ve only ten thousand
Won.
커피나 차 마시고 싶어요.
I want to drink coffee or
tea.
(이)나
처럼
[정도·비교] as many [much] as;
no less [fewer] than; as long as;
nearly; about.; [선택] either... or;
or; any.
like; as; as... as; so... as; as if
한 달이나 미국에 있을
거예요.
I will be in US for around
one month.
선생님은 우리를 친구처럼
대해요.
Our teacher treats us like
friend.
하고
It means ‘and’; connects words
on an equal basis
사과하고 바나나를
좋아해요.
I like banana and apple.
한테
-한테 means ‘To someone’
친한 친구한테 내 비밀을
한테서
-한테서 means ‘From Someone’
말했어요.
Similar to ‘에게/에게서’
I told my secret to my best
friend.
27
TYPE 5.접사
들
If attached after a noun, it
changes it to plural form
-씩
It is used to indicate
distribution and is attached
to numbers and any
counting classifier; ‘each,
respectively, one by one’
It means ‘around, about’
when guessing about
something
-쯤
-동안
학생(student) –학생들(students)
사과와 바나나 하나씩
주세요.
Give me apple and banana
– one each.
1 시쯤 – Around 1’o clock
5-6 명쯤 – About 5-6 people
‘(a space of) time; a period;
in, for,
방학동안- during vacation
겨울동안 – during summer
during, as (so) long as’
TYPE 6. 부정 부사
못
안
Can’t/ Couldn’t
아파서 도서관에 못 갑니다.
It is used with action verbs, and
means impossibility or strong
denial and refusal.
I can’t go to library because
I am sick.
Don’t/Didn’t/Won’t
그는 매일 숙제를 안 합니다.
Expresses the negative and means
He doesn’t do his homework
'do not'. '안' is put before the verb. every day.
28
SECTION II
Complete TOPIK Vocabulary
Beginner Level
29
1. Nouns
Korean
Word
가격
가구
가방
가을
가족
값
강
거리
걱정
결혼식
경주
경험
계절
계획
고민
고양이
고향
곳
공연
공원
공책
English Meaning
Price
Furniture
Bag
Fall, Autumn
Family
Price
River
Distance
Anxiety; Worry
Wedding
ceremony
Race
Experience
Season
Plan
Worry; Agony
Cat
Hometown
Place
Performance
Park
Note book
30
공항
과일
과자
관심
교통사고
구두
구입
그림
극장
근처
글자
금년
기간
기본
김치
까만 색
꽃
꽃집
나라
나무
날
날씨
남산
내년
내용
내일
Airport
Fruit
Snacks
Interest
Traffic accident
Dress shoes
Purchase
Picture
Theater
Near
Letter
This year
Period
Standard
Kimchi
Black
Flower
Flower shop
Country
Tree
Day
Weather
Namsan
Next year
Content
Tomorrow
31
냉면
냉장고
년
노래
누나
눈물
느낌
다음
다음달
단어
달
댁
도서관
돈
동대문
동생
뒤
드라마
등산
등산화
라디오
러시아
맞은편
머리
모습
모자
Cold noodles
Refrigerator
Year
Song
Male's elder sister
Tear
Feeling
Next
Next month
Word
Month
Home
Library
Money
Dongdaemun
Younger sibling
Back
Drama
Hiking
Hiking shoes
Radio
Russia
Across from
Head
Figure
Hat
32
무게
문
문구점
문제
문화
물건
미국
밑
바지
박물관
밖
반(수업)
방
방법
방송국
배
배2
배우
백화점
버스
번호
병원
볼펜
봄
Weight
Door
Stationary store
Problem; Question;
Issue
Culture
Thing
The USA
Bottom
Pants
Museum
Outside
Class
Room
Method
Broadcasting
station
Ship
Pear
Actor
Department store
Bus
Number
Hospital
Ball point pen
Spring
33
부모
부모님
부분
부탁
분위기
불고기
비
비행기
빵
사과
사람
사무실
사은품
사전
사진
산
색
색깔
생각
생일
생활
서울
서울역
서점
선물
선생님
Parent
Parents
Part
Request
Atmosphere
Bulgogi
Rain
Airplane
Bread
Apple
Person
Office
Freebie; Bonus gift
Dictionary
Photo
Mountain
Color
Colors
Thinking
Birthday
Life
Seoul
Seoul Station
Bookstore
Present/Gift
Teacher
34
설명
설악산
성격
소개
소식
손
손님
수업
수첩
시간
시계
시장
시청
시험
식당
식사
신문
신발
아기
아래
아버지
아이스크림
아저씨
아주머니
아침
아침 2
Explanation
Seoraksan
Character
introduction
News
Hand
Customer
Class
Pocket book
Time
Watch
Market
city hall
Test
Restaurant
Meal
Newspaper
Shoes
Baby
Bottom
Father
Ice cream
Sir
Ma'am
Morning
Breakfast
35
아파트
안
안경
안내
앞
야구
약
약국
약속
어머니
어제
얼굴
옛날
여자
여행
역사
연락
연필
영수증
영어
영화
옆
오래간만
오랜만
오른쪽
오후
Apartment
In
Eye glasses
Information
In front of
Baseball
Medicine
Pharmacy
Appointment
Mother
Yesterday
Face
Old
Girl
Trip
History
Contact
Pencil
Receipt
English
Movie
Beside
After a long time
After a long time
Right (direction)
Afternoon
36
올해
옷
외국인
요리사
요즘
우산
우유
운동
웬일
위
유학
은행
음료수
음식
음악회
의미
의자
이름
이번
이상
인터넷
일
일본
일본어
일요일
자동차
This year
Clothes
Foreigner
Chef
These days
Umbrella
Milk
Exercise
What matter
Upper part
Study abroad
Bank
Drink
Food
Concert
Meaning
Chair
Name
This time
Strange
Internet
Work
Japan
Japanese
Sunday
Car
37
자리
자전거
작년
잡지
장소
저녁
전자사전
전화번호
점심
정리
제주도
졸업
주
주말
주소
주인
준비
중국
지갑
지난주
지난해
지하철
집
찻값
창문
Seat
Bicycle
last year
Magazine
Place
Evening
Electronic
dictionary
Phone number
Lunch
Arrangement
Jeju Island
Graduate
Week
Weekend
Address
Owner
Prepare
China
Wallet
Last week
Last year
Subway
House
A tea charge
Window
38
책
책상
청소
축구
취미
취직
치마
친구
침대
카메라
캐나다
커피
컴퓨터
큰형
테니스장
토요일
통장
파란색
파티
편지
평일
포도
표
품목
피아노
Book
Desk
Clean
Football (soccer)
Hobby
Getting a job
Skirt
Friend
Bed
Camera
Canada
Coffee
Computer
Male's oldest
brother
Tennis court
Saturday
Bankbook
Blue
Party
Letter
Weekday
Grape
Ticket
Goods
Piano
39
필요
하숙집
학원
한국
한국말
한국어
한복
한식집
할머니
할아버지
할인
행사
형
호
호선
회사
회사원
회의
후
휴일
희망
힘
Need
Boarding house
Academy
Korea
Korean speech
Korean language
Traditional Korean
Clothes
Korean restaurant
Grandmother
Grandfather
Discount
Event
Male's older
brother
Room number
Subway line
Company
Office worker
Meeting
After
Holiday
Hope
Effort
40
2. Counting Units
Korean
Word
개
권
대
마리
명
번
병
분
사람
살
송이
인분
잔
장
층
통
Korean
Word
가다
가져가다
English Meaning
general counter
Books
Machines
Animal
People
Times (ex, 3 times)
Bottle
People
People
Age
Bunch (of fruit)
A serving of food
Glass
Paper
Floor
Package
3. Verbs
English Meaning
Go
Carry/Bring
41
가지고 가다 Go with something/
Carry something
Transfer (subway)
갈아타다
Catch a cold
감기에
걸리다
Go and come,
갔다 오다
travel
Take
갖다
Worry
걱정하다
Cross (a road)
건너가다
Catch
걸리다
Experience
경험하다
Make a plan
계획을
세우다
Plan
계획하다
Choose
고르다
Get out of order
고장 나다
(machine)
Watch
구경하다
Rescue
구하다
Draw a picture
그리다
Wait
기다리다
기억을 하다 Remember
기억이 나다 Remember
길이 막히다 Road/traffic jam
Trim
깎다
42
꺼내다
끄다
끊다
끝나다
끝내다
끼다
나가다
나오다
내다(돈)
내리다
넣다
노래 부르다
노래하다
노력하다
놀다
농구하다
눈물이 나다
다녀오다
다니다
닫다
대답하다
도착하다
돈이 들다
돌아오다
되다
Take out
Turn off
Cut
End
Finish
Put on
Go out
Come out
Take out money
Drop
Pour
Sing a song
Sing
Effort
Play
Play basketball
Cry
Go back
Go back and forth
Close
Answer
Arrive
To Cost
Return
Become
43
Give (to older
person)
Eat (to older
드시다
person)
Listen
듣다
Enter
들다
Enter
들어가다
Leave
떠나다
Drink
마시다
마음에 들다 Like
Finish
마치다
Meet
만나다
Make
만들다
말씀 드리다 Speak to (older
person)
말씀하시다 Speak
Speak
말하다
Eat
먹다
Do not know
모르다
Gather
모으다
Insufficient
모자라다
Take a bath
목욕하다
Question
묻다
Ask
물어보다
Receive
받다
Eat food
밥을 먹다
드리다
44
배우다
벗다
보내다
보다
부르다
부치다
부탁하다
빌려주다
빌리다
빼다
사고
나다
사다
사용하다
사진을 찍다
산책하다
살다
서다
설거지하다
설명하다
소개하다
수영하다
쉬다
시작되다
시작하다
시키다
Learn
Take off
Send
See
Full
Send mail
Request
Lend
Borrow
Subtract
Accident
Be
Buy
Use
Take a photo
Take a walk
Live
Stand
Wash
Explain
Introduce
Swim
Rest
Begin
Start
Order
45
Have a meal
Wear (shoes)
Dislike
Write
Wear (hat)
Wash (face)
Sit
Know
Understand
Match
Travel
Connect
Practice
Have a fever
Make a
promise/appointme
nt
Come
오다
Rise
오르다
Come up, Climb
올라오다
우산을 쓰다 Use an umbrella
Exercise
운동하다
Drive
운전하다
Laugh
웃다
Move to other
이사 가다
place
식사하다
신다
싫어하다
쓰다
쓰다(모자)
씻다
앉다
알다
알아듣다
어울리다
여행하다
연락하다
연습하다
열이 나다
예약하다
46
이사하다
이야기하다
이용하다
이해하다
일어나다
읽다
잃다
잃어버리다
입다
잊다
잘되다
잘하다
잠이 오다
잡수시다
전하다
전화(를)
걸다
전화를
바꿔주다
전화를 받다
전화를 하다
조심하다
좋아하다
주다
주무시다
Move
Conversation
Use
Understand
Wake
Read
Lose
Lose
Wear
Forget
Be well
Do well
Feel sleepy
Eat
Transmit; Tell
Call (telephone)
Give the phone to
someone
Receive a call
Call
Be careful
To like
Give
Sleep (only to
older persons)
47
주문하다
준비하다
지나다
지내다
질문하다
짓다
찾다
찾아가다
청소하다
초대하다
축구를 하다
출발하다
취직하다
켜다
콧물이 나다
타다
테니스 치다
틀리다
푹 자다
피아노를
치다
하다
화나다
회의하다
Order
Prepare
Pass
Spend; live
Ask a question
Make
Search for
Visit
Clean
Invite
Play football
Depart
Get a job
Turn on
Have a runny nose
Ride
Play tennis
Incorrect
Have a good Sleep
Play piano
Do
Get Angry
Have a meeting
48
4. Adjectives
Korean
Word
가볍다
감사하다
계시다
English Meaning
Light
Thanks
Be (to older
people)
Thanks
고맙다
Clear
맑다
Ok
괜찮다
기분이 좋다 Feel happy, Mood
is good
Long
길다
Deep
깊다
Clean
깨끗하다
Bad
나쁘다
Write down
적다
Low
낮다
Wide
넓다
High
높다
Different
다르다
Dirty
더럽다
Hot
덥다
Warm
따뜻하다
Many
많다
49
Tastes bad
Tastes good
Handsome/ Cool (a
cool person)
Scary
무섭다
Sorry
미안하다
Glad
반갑다
Bright
밝다
배가 고프다 Hungry
배가 부르다 Full(Stomach)
Hungry
배고프다
Crowded
복잡하다
부지런하다 Diligent
Inconvenient
불편하다
Similar
비슷하다
Expensive
비싸다
New
새롭다
Easy
쉽다
Sad
슬프다
Hate
싫다
Cheap
싸다
Beautiful
아름답다
Painful
아프다
Dark
어둡다
Young
어리다
Not have
없다
맛없다
맛있다
멋있다
50
예쁘다
위험하다
유명하다
이상하다
있다
작다
재미있다
적다
조용하다
좁다
좋다
죄송하다
중요하다
즐겁다
짧다
춥다
친절하다
크다
키가 크다
편리하다
편안하다
편하다
피곤하다
필요하다
한가하다
힘들다
Pretty
Dangerous
Famous
Strange
Have
Small
Interesting/fun
Less
Quiet
Narrow
Like
Sorry
Important
Joyful
Short
Cold
Kind
Big
Tall
Convenient
Comfortable
Easy
Tired
Needed
Free(time)
Difficult
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5. Adverbs
Korean Word
English
Meaning
Near
가까이
Sometimes
가끔
Most
가장
Suddenly
갑자기
Like
같이
Almost
거의
Continuously
계속
Soon
곧
Just
그냥
Soon
금방
Exactly
꼭
Later
나중에
날마다(날+마다)=매일 Everyday
Too
너무
Late
늦게
All
다
More
더
Separately
따로
And
또
52
Straight
At last
A lot of
Very
Daily
Ahead
All
nail; cannot
In advance
Straight;
Right
Right now
Already
Very
Normally
Quickly
New
Each other
Some time
ago
Perhaps
Very
Yet
Quick
Not
Always
똑바로
마침내
많이
매우
매일
먼저
모두
못
미리
바로
방금
벌써
별로
보통
빨리
새로
서로
아까
아마
아주
아직
어서
안
언제나
53
Hard
Long
In a long
time
For a long
time
These days
Later
Now
Early
Often
Well
Wait
Moment
Not at all
Really
Best
A little
Quietly
Some
Now
Directly
Really
First
Slowly
Largely
열심히
오래
오래간만에
오랜만에
요즘
이따가
이제
일찍
자주
잘
잠깐
잠시
전혀
정말
제일
조금
조용히
좀
지금
직접
참
처음
천천히
크게
54
Particularly
Especially
Well
Together
Always
Alone
Alone
특별히
특히
푹
함께
항상
혼자
혼자서
6. Conjunctions
Korean Word
그래서
그러나
그러니까
그러면
그럼
그런데
그리고
Explanation
So, Therefore
But
That’s why
If it is so, In that
case
Then
But
And
7. Question Words
Korean Word English Meaning
Who
누구
What
무엇
What
뭐
55
어디
어떻게
언제
얼마나
왜
어느
몇
무슨
Where
How
When
How much
Why
Which
How many
What
8. Numbers
Korean Word English Meaning
3
세
13
십삼
12
십이
9
아홉
6
여섯
12
열두
13
열셋
1
한
20
스물/스무
9. Pronouns
Korean Word English Meaning
56
거기
그
그것/그거
아무 곳
여기
여러분
우리
이
이것/이거
저
저것/저거
저기
저희
There
the
It
Wherever
Here
Everyone
Our
This
This
That
That
There
We
*********************************
57
1. Grammar & Vocabulary Study Tips
-
Make your own Grammar and Vocabulary list. Write the grammar patterns and
vocabulary that you don’t know. Make this notebook your bedtime book for at
least 1 week before the test. Make sure to have a look at the list every day.
-
Don’t just write the grammar patterns, words and their explanation. Write an
example sentence in front of every entry. Take the help of Naver dictionary and
other sites to find example sentences. You can also write one simple sentence
that describes that word or grammar in your mother tongue.
-
Write similar grammar patterns together. Ex: 기 때문에- This grammar pattern is
used to describe reason (Similar patterns -아서/어서, -니까)
-
Similarly make a Synonyms & Antonyms list for words.
-
Some words often come together. Write them as a single phrase instead of
writing as two separate words. (Ex: 미소를 짓다, 장갑을 끼다)
-
Memorize counting units for different objects.
-
Make a list of Irregular words and understand how they change with various
grammar patterns. (춥다 – 추워요, 듣다 – 들어요)
-
Memorize specific honorific words like 드리다, 주무시다, 드시다, 연세, 성함 etc.
-
For Intermediate-Advanced levels, you will also need to memorize common
proverbs, idiomatic expression, onomatopoeia etc.
58
2. How to Improve your Korean Vocabulary
In the previous chapter we discussed why vocabulary is of crucial importance for
learning Korean as well as for getting success in Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK).
In this chapter, we will learn some great methods to improve our Korean Vocabulary.
1. Make Word Lists
Word lists and Flash cards are most widely used Vocabulary learning methods.
Either make a two column table with Korean words in one column and their
meanings in the other (you can also add more columns like example sentence etc.) or
make flash cards with Korean words on one side and their meanings on the other.
Review these words regularly (at least once a week) and mark the words that you still
haven’t learned completely. While reviewing give special attention to these marked
(difficult) words. With time these difficult words will also go to your permanent memory
and then you can unmark them. Even if you think you have completely learned a list
it’s better to review it once in a while. Make a separate list of difficult words you often
forget and review it more frequently. You can also consider making your own personal
dictionary. I am not kidding.
Look up Dictionary
Always keep a dictionary handy and look up for words you don’t know. Try to get
rid of the habit of finding an alternative way of expressing yourself when you don’t
know (or can’t recall) the appropriate word. Looking up dictionary may be a boring task
but it really helps in long term. I prefer online dictionaries of Naver and Daum over
paper and electronic dictionaries as these online dictionaries give you much more
information. Looking up dictionary is even better than asking a teacher or a Korean
because when you see dictionary you don’t learn only one word but several related
word and phrases.
2. Learn Words in Context
59
Words are rarely used alone. They are used in a context and with other words,
phrases and grammar patterns. Just knowing the meaning of a word is not enough;
you need to know ‘who’, ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ of the word. Otherwise there are
good chances that you will make a blunder some time. There are words that are used
with particular people, at particular time and situations and in a particular way. Using
any of these aspects of the word in a wrong way may create an embarrassing situation
for you. So when you learn words try to get as much information as you can about the
context in which it’s used.
3. Learn related words
When you learn a word, try to write/learn other words/phrases that are frequently
used with it. For example, If you look up dictionary for the word ‘훨씬’ you will find the
meaning as ‘(very) much, far, a lot’. But you can’t use ‘훨씬’ for every ‘far’, ‘much’, or
‘a lot’. if you read example entries you will find that this word is most frequently used
with ‘보다’, ‘더’ and adjectives to show comparisons. Also learn various possible forms
of a word. For example – 예쁘다 – 예쁩니다, 예뻐요, 예쁘죠 etc. This type of additional
information will help you learn the appropriate use of the words.
4. Make Associations
Make associations and connections between the new words you learn and
words/things you already know. For example, some word may sound like something
different/funny/interesting in your mother tongue. Or, some words mind remind you of
something. Funny and weird associations are OK. In fact, they are better. You can
also use Mnemonic (a memory trick used to remember things) to improve your
vocabulary retention. Connect words with images, people or events around you,
convert them into rhymes/poems etc.
5. Review and Practice
60
We need frequent exposure to a word, either by listening, speaking, reading or
writing, to learn it permanently. Research says words need 20-30 repetitions/reviews
to move to our permanent memory. Use the new words you learn as much as you can
even if you are doubtful about its correct use. Just play with the words; use them in
different combinations. Take risks. Mistakes and blunders are okay; they make us
learn things. And in fact the funny mistakes are the most interesting thing about
learning a foreign language. Aren’t they?
6. Mix Words with your Mother Tongue
Using the foreign language words in sentences in one’s mother tongue can also
be a good technique to learn and practice words; and it’s fun. For example you learned
the word ‘예쁘다 (Beautiful)’. You can practice it with sentences like ‘These Flowers
are really 예쁘다’. It might sound weird but believe me it can help you memorize some
really difficult words.
7. Read Extensively
Reading widely is the BEST way to enhance vocabulary in any language. Reading
exposes us to a wide range of vocabulary in various contexts. The important thing
here, is to select a reading material that interests you and suits your level otherwise
you will give up very soon. No one likes to look up dictionary 10 times to understand
a single sentence. There are plenty of reading material – newspapers, comics, stories,
blogs - available in Korean language on internet. Read what you like to read the most
and note down the new and interesting words and phrases you come across. It’s also
a good method to read the English (or your mother tongue) version of a big news first
and then read the Korean version. Now you already know the news story, you just
have to focus on the language they use to convey it.
8. DEVELOP YOUR OWN VOCABULARY LEARNING METHOD
***********************************
61
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