Input devices are mouse. Keyboard Output devices is printer 4 bytes of data process, 32 bits Hardcopy means printed output of computer ALU finds in CPU CPU brain of computer Heart of computer RAM/memory Plotter – printer that can print a large format like tarpauline ALU and AU type of signal in communication Fiber optic – in communication and internet connection faster Relationship between hardware and software - Hardware and software dependent on each other Software is a program needed computer work Need to produce documents need software like Word Processing in order to do that and need particular hardware to produce a hard copy Inside computes that encode or type are called soft copy Output that is printed out called hard copy Printer is an output device Hardware is a one-time expense but also need maintenance Software development is very expensive (buy software with license and when programmed) and continuing expense. When develop a system or software it is costly One who made a program are called system programmers/system analyst have bright mind in designing and creating software we use Windows – engineers of Microsoft employed designed it Bill Gates make one of the top riches people in the world because of this licensing of software in Microsoft Mark Zuckerberg CEO of Facebook and Facebook is a software application Ram is a hardware – is the heart of the computer system Software is the soul of the computer Computer Software - - Software is a set of programs designed by the programmer and analyze by an analyst on how to develop. A program codes wherein it is a series of instruction that a computer needs to follow. Ex. In Word type a word and set color Programs codes are instruction (sequence) that computers follow in order to satisfy user Two Types of Software 1. - System Software 1st install Mother software where you install your application software System software is the same as operating system Examples are Windows, Andriod, Lenux, IOS (Iphone Operating System),iMAC Intermediary between hardware and users - Not perfect have update because have bugs (error) in the program 2. Application Software - Applications we download - Ex. Microsoft Word, any kind of apps Examples of Application Software are following • Payroll Software - Accounting • Student Record Software - Academe • Inventory Management Software - Sales • Income Tax Software – Any enterprise • Railways Reservation Software • Microsoft Office Suite Software • Microsoft Word • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft Powerpoint • Adobe Photoshop – Editing • SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Accounting Software - Accounting • MYOB – Mind Your On Business – Book keeping and Accounting SM, Robinson, AYALA used SAP Software like in Mang Inasal and they can afford the license of this software Robots are made in low level language because they are robots, all instructions that is needed to interact with the hardware develop in low level language. Telecommunication - Telecom - Microwave communicator see in cell sites - Have transmitter and receiver - Transceiver – transmitter at the same the receiver - Optical fiber – communication by used of internet - Wireless communication -WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) Types of telecommunication networks • Corporate and academic wide-area networks (WANs) • Telephone networks • Cellular networks – mobile phones • Police and fire communications systems • Taxi dispatch networks • Groups of amateur (ham) radio operators • Broadcast networks – GMA, ABS-CBN The Computer Age Generation Within the span of 40 years, we leap-frog through five generations of computer technology. The subsequent generations are defined here briefly - Microprocessor – INTEL and AMD Information Superhighway – Artificial Intelligence (AI) robotics, internet, fiber optics, natural language, expert system (software can think just like a human being) Digital Computers - Desktop, laptop Analog Computers - Like a room (in past) Hybrid Computers - Combination of analog and digital Special purpose Computers - Specific Intended only for a specific reason like research, monitoring, General Purpose - Can use in different purpose Ex. Desktop, laptop Desktop Computers - Fixed location Portables Computers - Can be travelled Palmtop – ex. Tablet, cellphones Super computers – used by NASA, research, nuclear plant Sequential – one microprocessor (laptop) Parallel – multiple microprocessor inside and can do multi-processing method Network - have server, have yahoo and goggle Multi user – used by call centers NUMBER CONVERSION Two types of number systems are: 1. Non-positional Number Systems - Computer can only understand binary numbers, 1 and 0 or BITS - In human world used decimal number system Characteristics: • Use symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III for 3, IIII for 4, IIIII for 5, etc. • Each symbol represents the same value regardless of its position in the number • The symbols are simply added to find out the value of a particular number Difficulty: • It is difficult to perform arithmetic with such a number system because of its characteristics 2. Positional Number systems - Have position Decimal Numbers - Human numbers Base 10 Deci means 10 Binary Numbers -
