Gujarat Technological University Government Polytechnic Rajkot Department Of Civil Engineering 5TH Semester Project-I (3350609) “TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT” (Makkam Chowk, Rajkot) TRAFFIC STUDY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma in CivilEngineering Prepared By: N o . NAME ENROLLMENT NO. 1 KUMBHANI MEET 196200306510 2 BHAVIK MASANI 186200306524 3 HARSHIT MARU 186200306523 4 VORA MAULIK 186200306558 5 SEVANI SAHIL 196200306516 6 SUTARIYA DIPESH 196200306519 7 THAKAR CHINMAY 196200306520 8 MAKAWANA KISHAN 166200306533 Under the guidance of Guide Prof. Miss A.V. HERMA Lecturer in M.E. WRM, Civil Department CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Kumbhani Meet from GovernmentPolytechnic, Rajkot in Civil Engineering, having Enrolment No. 196200306510 has completed Report on the Problem Definition / Semester V Project Report / Final Project Report having title “Traffic Study” individually / in a group consisting of 08 participants under the guidance of the faculty guide. Prof. Miss A.V. Herma Prof. Mr. J.B.Oza Lecturer in M.E.WRM, Head of Department (CIVIL) Civil Department Government Polytechnic Rajkot ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge the Institute Government Polytechnic Rajkot, Gujarat Technological University for giving us the opportunity for the project work in ‘Traffic Study’. We express our gratitude towards our guide A.V.Herma (Lecturer in M.E.WRM, Civil Department) and Government Polytechnic Rajkot, who has guided us throughout the tenure of project and has given his suggestions to improve the quality of project at critical moments. We are thankful to Shree J.P. Oza, Head of Civil Engineering Department and our Principal Shree P.P. Kotak for allowing us to work on this project. ABSTRACT In Many areas especially urban area, parking is a serious problem. Shortages of parking space, complaints about high parking tariffs and congestion due to visitors in search for a parking place are only a few examples of everyday parking problems. Many cities and urban areas recognize these problems, but the solution proves to be very complicated. Multi storey vehicle parking is method of parking and retrieving vehicles that typically use a system of parallel and lifts. The intension is to compact more vehicles in the same space, reduce the space needed to park the same number of vehicles. Vehicles Park can be situated above or below ground or a combination of both. This makes the system modernized and thus space saving one. In the modern world where parking spaces become a very big problem it has become very important to avoid the wastage of space in moderm big companies and apartments etc. CHAPTER :-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION In many areas, especially urban areas, parking is a serious problem. Shortages of parking space, complaints about high parking tariffs and congestion due to visitors in search for a parking place are only a few examples of everyday parking problems. Many cities and urban areas recognize these problems, but the solution proves to be very complicated. In the urban area parking policy is a task of local governments. However, important data about the actual parking capacity and use of parking is absent in most cities. The lack of hard data makes it difficult to fully understand the real problem and develop effective policies. Therefore decisions concerming parking policy are often made on an emotional basis. Emotions, but also political color and personal opinions shape local parking policy, while solid research and widespread accepted knowledge should be decisive. This results in different policies fighting the same problem Also in academic literature parking is a relatively new subject. Compared to other subjects concerning transport and mobility our knowledge about parking, the problems that arise from parking and the exact effects of parking policy is quite limited. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT As mentioned above, we think the core of the problem lies in the perception of the urban parking problem. A lot of problems are seen in different perspectives Different stockholders have different opinions about certain problems, while others don't see a problem at all It is hard to develop widespread accepted parking policies when there is no shared understanding of the actual problem This brings us to our problem statemen. "Professionals and decision makers within the parking world perceive the urban parking problem in different ways, making it hard to develop effective parking policies 1.3 NEED for the study Traffic vehicle population and resulting congestion is a most commonly faced problem in any of major urban centers in India nowadays. In Surat, Sitanagar Chokdi, Punagam Junction intersection very serious traffic problem during whole day and festival time. Resulting create problem for pedestrian and vehicles. To have safe and comfortable pedestrian and vehicular circulation it is necessary to go for development of parking facilities like, • To provide a parking under there over bridge at Sitnagar Chokdi • To provide a proper traffic signaling • To provide regular police enforcement &Vehicles are parked in storeys so it will not interrupt the traffic. 1.1 Expected outcome • To identification of the problem related to the study area • To reduce the traffic congestion. • To reduce accident rate. • Reduce space needed to park same Number of vehicles, 1.2 Future Expansion: • The concept in the future can be extended to developing a mechanism for vehicle parking and also provide better parking facility to the people. 1.3 Summary: In this chapter introduces the general of pedestrian's movement. It also includes need for the study, future expansion, expected outcome, and also organization of the report. The next chapter describes in review of literature. CHAPTER =2 Literature Review 2.1. TITLE: PARKING MLANAGEMENT METHOD AND SYSTEM INVENTOR: TEBANO, Riccardo Milano (IT) (2010) He Analyses, increasing use of cars and the limited space available for parking them, particularly in urban areas, has led to serious problems in the parking management. The lack or shortage of available parking space is one of the major issues of practically all the urban centers. The present invention relates to parking management systems, in general, and particularly to an automatic parking management system for managing parking areas, particularly but not imitatively parking areas with non delimited parking places . 2.2. TITLE: TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF METRO CITIES INVENTOR: Vijay Kumar, Dr. R.K.Pandit. (2013) Metro cities in India are facing acute traffic and transportation problems leading to deteriorated quality life and weak socioeconomic structure. The problems range from inefficiency of roads and transport infrastructure to deal with exorbitantly increasing in magnitude of vehicles especially the personal ones, lack of mass transportation systems, encroachments on roads, lack of pedestrian facilities and weak traffic management systems. The probable solution to this gigantic problem can be creation of an independent, Traffic and Transportation Authorities at city level which should be technically strong in equipments, technology and manpower & experts. Beside this comprechensive traffic and transportation plan should be made mandatory for all cities along with efficient management strict enforcement. 2.3. TITLE: A STUDY ON PARKING NEEDS AT INTERSECTIONS INVENTOR: Bhasker Vijaykumar Bhatt, Fenil Rajeshkumar Gandhi (2014) • The problem is parking at intersection in urban city area. Traffic vehicle population and resulting congestion is a most commonly faced problem in any of major urban centers in India now a days. • He study on survey of different intersections in four town planning scheme of urban city for parking of vehicles, traffic movement, cariage way width, land use pattern & fundamental need for parking requirement +in the respective zone. Study identifies Parking consumes 0.1% 2.46% road land at intersections. 2.4. TITLE: PARKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INVENTOR: Nili Street, et.al (1999) • He analyze that the ever-increasing use of automobiles and limited space for parking, particularly in urban areas, has led to serious problems in parking management. It is often expensive and logistically cumbersome for police or municipality officials to keep track of offenders who park their vehicles without paying for the parking space. • Parking meters do not fully solve the problem because they require a large investment on the part of the municipality and comprehensive monitoring the invention is to provide a parking management communication system, encompassing municipality, driver and parking space. The communication system of the invention may be used to report parking, monitor parking and reserve parking spaces. • A parking management communication system including a central control unit having a data base, a central interface unit and at least one user interface unit, the central interface unit being in communication With the at least one user interface unit via at least one of a Wired and Wireless communication link. 2.5. TITLE: PARKING LIFT INVENTOR: David Derelius Stoner, et.al (1958) • He analyze that the parking problems of congested areas as downtown in a populated or overpopulated city. • This invention relates to a parking lift and more particularly to a lifting device which may be enclosed in a Building enclosure whereby cars to be parked May be easily and conveniently driven for location on the powered lift to be raised and lowered relative to other cars in the same enclosure. 2.6. TITLE: OPTIMAL AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING SYSTEM FOR INDIAN ENVIRONMENT INVENTOR: Hitendra.G.Wasnik, et.al (2011) • They analyze that Due to the proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road, traffic problems are bound to exist. This is due to the fact that the current transportation infrastructure and car park facility developed are unable to cope with the influx of vehicles on the road. Therefore, problems such as traffic congestion and insufficient parking space inevitably crops up. • This paper reviews and compares various car parking systems available now-a-days and discusses the required characteristics of a car parking system suitable to Indian conditions. They gave the following suggestion for such problem • Fully Automated car parking An "Automated Car Parking System" is a fully computer controlled mechanism which becomes user friendly as it ensures maximum utilization of space allowing the machines to park the car in the allocated space. After the driver exits the vehicle, a robotic Shuttle transports the vehicle onto the Vehicle Transfer Center, which then transfers the car to a designated parking stall. The parking system offers the option of a turntable to make it easy to enter and exit the Park and Drive station, and an auto car lift device for multi-level applications. CHAPTER=3 STUDY AREA 3.2 History of Surat: • Surat, previously known as Suryapur, is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative capital of the Surat district. The city is focated 284 kilometers (176 mi) south of the state capital. Gandhinagar, 265 kilometers (165 mi) south of Ahmadabad; and 289 kilometers (180 mi) north of Mumbai. The city centre is located 22 km (14 mi) south of the Tapi River. A moat divides the older parts of the city, with their narrow streets and historical houses, from the newer suburbs. • Surat had a population of 4.5 million at the 2011 census. making it the second largest city in the state of Gujarat, afier Ahmadabad h is the eighth largest city and ninth largest urban agglomeration of India. Surat is the 34ih-lurgest city by area and 4th-fastest developing cities in a study conducted by the City Mayors Floundation, an international think tank on urban affairs. 3.3 History of Rajkot: • Its capital was in Rajkot, located in the historical Halar region of Kathiawar on the banks of the Aji River. Nowadays Rajkot is the fourth largest city of Gujarat state. • Rajkot is located at 22.3°N 70.78°E.[12] It has an average elevation of 128 metres (420 ft). The city is located on the bank of Aji River and Nyari River which remains dry except the monsoon months of July to September. The city is spread in the area of 170.00 km². • Rajkot is situated in the region called Saurashtra in the Gujarat state of India. The significance of Rajkot's location is owing to the fact that it is one of the prime industrial centres of Gujarat. Rajkot has a central location in the area called the Kathiawar peninsula. • The city is located within the Rajkot district in Gujarat. Rajkot city is the administrative headquarters of the district of Rajkot. The district is surrounded by Botad in the east, and Surendranagar in the north, Junagadh and Amreli in the south, Morbi in the northwest and Jamnagar in the west and Porbandar in the southwest.