Ministry for the Development of information Technologies and Communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan Fergana Branch of information technologies Faculty of Computer Engineering On subject English Independent work 2 Passed student 717-21 Zokirov U PLAN • • • • • IT ORGANIZATION MY FUTURE IN IT A TYPICAL PC A COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPUTER INPUT DEVICE IT in the Modern Organization Basic Concepts An IT organization (information technology organization) is the department within a company that is charged with establishing, monitoring and maintaining information technology systems and services. In a large organization, the IT organization may also be charged with strategic planning to ensure that all IT initiatives support business goals. IT organizational structures vary and can be centralized or decentralized depending upon the needs of the company. In a large enterprise, the IT organization is typically managed by a Chief Information Officer (CIO). Smaller IT organizations might report up to an IT director or operations manager. Basic Concepts Integrating Support Systems • Systems that integrates two or more information systems- e.g. TPS and MIS • E.g. DSS combined with Expert Systems can support more decision making systems • Enterprise Resources Planning system (ERP) – Plans and manages all organization’s resources and their use. Evolution of Computer-based IS Client/server, Executive Information systems, PCs, AI, groupware Scientific military applications 1940s 1950s Web services M-comrce & I-comrce Supply chain integration Data w/house & mining; Very intelligent systems MIS,office automation Routine business Applications,TPS DSS, LAN 1960s 1970s Integration, Intelligent systems, The web, intranets, Extranets, software ERP 1980s 1990s 2000s MY FUTURE IN IT • We live in the XXI century-a century of information texnology as you probably already guessed my future Proffessions is a Programmer .In the future I want to become an IT programmer. MY FUTURE IN IT MY FUTURE IN IT • • • • FAMOUS PEOPLE Steven Paul”steve”jobs was an American inventor who was the co-founder chair of Apple Inc. William Henry “Bill” Gates III is an American business magnate philanthropist investor computer Programmer Gates is the former chief of Microsoft computer software company which he co-founded with Paul Allen Dennis Macalistair Ritchie-was an American computer scientist. He created the C programming language and with his colleague Ken Thompson the Unix operating system. • I am very interested in this field of activity, as the received knowledge in TATU, I can work all over the world. That coincides with my plans to travel the world A TYPICAL PC • • • • • What types of computers do we have? A mainframe A desktop A laptop A tablet PC A personal digital assistant A TYPICAL PC A mainframe is the most powerful type of computer. It can process and store large amounts of data. It supports multiple users at the same time and can support more simultaneous processes than a PC. The central system is a large server connected to hundreds of terminals over a network. Mainframes are used for large-scale computing purposes in banks, big companies and universities. A desktop has its own processing unit (or CPU), monitor and keyboard. It is used as a personal computer in the home or as a workstation for group work. Typical examples are the IBM PC and the Apple Macintosh. It's designed to be placed on your desk. Some models have a vertical case called a tower A TYPICAL PC A laptop (also called a notebook PC) is a lightweight computer that you can transport easily. It can work as fast as a desktop PC, with similar processors, memory capacity, and disk drives, but it is portable and has a smaller screen that produces very sharp images. Instead of a mouse they have a touchpad built into the keyboard – a sensitive pad that you can touch to move the pointer on the screen. They offer a lot of connectivity options: USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports for connecting peripherals, slots for memory cards, etc. They come with battery packs, which let you use the computer when there are no electrical outlets available A tablet PC looks like a book, with an LCD screen on which you can write using a special digital pen. You can fold and rotate the screen 180 degrees. Your handwriting can be recognized and converted into editable text. You can also type at the detached keyboard or use voice recognition. It's mobile and versatile. A TYPICAL PC A personal digital assistant or PDA is a tiny computer which can be held in one hand. The term PDA refers to a wide variety of hand-held devices, palmtops and pocket PCs. For input, you type at a small keyboard or use a stylus – a special pen used with a touchscreen to select items, draw pictures, etc. Some models incorporate handwriting recognition, which enables a PDA to recognize characters written by hand. Some PDA's recognize spoken words by using voice recognition software. They can be used as mobile phones or a personal organizers for storing notes, reminders and addresses. They also let you access the Internet via wireless technology, without cables A COMPUTER SYSTEM A computer system is a collective term for a computer (housed within the system unit), as well as these other components that are attached to it to allow the user to input data and view output using different devices. A computer systems also include software, or programs that are integral in the functioning of some of these peripheral devices and are necessary to make the computer operate.Software: A set of instruction (programs) which tells the computer what to do Every computer system requires an operating system. An operating system is a program that establishes communications with the various peripherals and acts as a bridge to other application (specific) software programs An operating system is like the command centre of the ship. It makes all of the decisions about how the computer will function and work with others. Functions of the major hardware components of a computer system The major components of a computer system include input and output devices as well the important processor or Central Processing Unit (CPU). Overview of a computer system The sketch above illustrates components of a computer system. the major A COMPUTER INPUT DEVICE • The devices that are used to enter data and instructions or commands into the computer • Eyes and ears of computer • Commonly used input devices are: – Keyboard – Mouse – Joystick – Light Pen – Digital Scanner • Floppy drives, hard disks and CD drives are used for both input and output devices A COMPUTER INPUT DEVICE KEYBOARD Most commonly used input device Contain keys for each alphabetic characters, digits and special characters Used to feed data and instructions into a computer by pressing related keys on the keyboard QWERTY Enhanced Keyboard Cordless Keyboard Portable keyboard Ergonomic keyboard Gaming keyboard Virtual keyboard A COMPUTER INPUT DEVICE MOUSE Pointing input device Used to input instruction with a pointer on the screen Moved on the flat surface to control the movement of the cursor or pointer on the screen Has two or three buttons on the top of its body Used to select any option from the group of options by pointing the mouse pointer on it and then clicking one of the mouse buttons TOUCHPAD-Also known as track pad Small, flat, rectangular, stationary pointing device Sensitive surface of 1.5 or 2 inches Mostly used in laptops A COMPUTER INPUT DEVICE JOYSTICK-Pointing input device Small box with a moving handheld stick and buttons. Stick is used to control the movement of the pointer on the screen. Button is pressed to activate certain events DIGITIZER-Flat, rectangular, electronic plastic board Mainly used for drawing purposes in computer aided design applications Makes easy to enter free-hand drawing in the computer A COMPUTER INPUT DEVICE Digital Scanner-Light sensing input device Read images and text printed on paper and then translates into electronic form that can be processed and stored by the computer Also called image scanner THANKS FO ATTENTION!
