Year 11 Biology Semester 1
exam revision
Plant
Animal
Prokaryote
Protoctista
Plantae
Annelid
Chordata
Insecta
A= Fungi
B=Protoctista
A= reproduce using spores / hyphae /mycelium/ chitin walls
B=eukaryotic / single celled / membrane bound organelles
Segmented body, jointed legs
Class Arachnida, insect, crustacea
Class
Order
Family
Species
Lemur catta
Three species of bee were collected in a farmland area: Peponapis pruinosa, Andrena chlorogaster and
Andrena piperi.
What do these names suggest about the evolutionary relationships between these bee species?
Three species of bee were collected in a farmland area: Peponapis pruinosa, Andrena chlorogaster and
Andrena piperi.
What do these names suggest about the evolutionary relationships between these bee species?
A.chlorogaster and A. piperi are more closely related (to each other than to P. pruinosa);
Because they are in the same genus
Sam and Tina, keen biology students, spent a week on work experience in a microbiology laboratory
studying and classifying bacteria. From the results of many observations, they constructed a key, which
classified all the organisms they had observed. The key is shown below.
Below is a diagram of one of the organisms they studied. According to the key, its name would be:
Use the existing key above to draw a labelled diagram of
Bacillus anthracis.
Sam and Tina, keen biology students, spent a week on work experience in a microbiology laboratory
studying and classifying bacteria. From the results of many observations, they constructed a key, which
classified all the organisms they had observed. The key is shown below.
Below is a diagram of one of the organisms they studied. According to the key, its name would be:
Spirillum volutans
Use the existing key above to draw a labelled diagram of
Bacillus anthracis.
Secondary succession
Pioneer
Climax community
Seres
GPP
Pyramid of energy
Finches are another organism in this
ecosystem. These birds eat the seeds that the
tree produces and the hawks and eagles eat
the finches.
Add this information to Fig 7.1.
Suggest and explain two changes that might
occur if the eagles in this ecosystem died out.
Finches are another organism in this
ecosystem. These birds eat the seeds that the
tree produces and the hawks and eagles eat
the finches.
Add this information to Fig 7.1.
Finch
Suggest and explain two changes that might
occur if the eagles in this ecosystem died out.
Increase in hawks; as not eaten (by eagles/no
predators)
increase in hawks  decrease in, everything
eaten by the hawk/decrease in finch/crow
decrease in crows/finches;as more hawks to
eat them
increase in finches;as fewer eagles to eat
them;
increase in aphids and locusts ;as fewer crows
to eat them
Inedible parts or egested faeces or respiration / as CO2
Eutrophication
Bacteria decay organic matter / sewage / algae / dead plants (by) digestion
bacteria respire aerobically or respire using oxygen
(which) lowers oxygen concentration (in water) causing death of fish
Using the results shown in
Figure 5, discuss the
succession of the sand
dunes.
Using the results shown in
Figure 5, discuss the
succession of the sand
dunes.
Beach grass is the pioneer (species)
Pioneer species change the
(abiotic)environment/habitat/
conditions/factors
So less hostile / more suitable for
shrub-bunchgrass Conifer/hardwood
trees represent the climax community
Beetles or spiders eating aphids
Clover and Rhizobium (clover provides Rhizobium with shelter, Rhizobium provides the clover with nitrogen
Lag
Exponential / log
Stationary
Death / decline
Draw an arrow labelled D on the solid line
to show one phase where (Deaths +
Emigration) exceeds (Births + Immigration).
Explain the term carrying capacity.
State two examples of density dependent
factors that can affect the carrying capacity
of an ecosystem.
State one example of a density
independent factor.
Draw an arrow labelled D on the solid line to
show one phase where (Deaths +
Emigration) exceeds (Births + Immigration).
Explain the term carrying capacity.
The maximum size of population that can be
maintained / supported.
D
State two examples of density dependent
factors that can affect the carrying capacity
of an ecosystem. Availability of /
competition for food / space / mates / light;
predation; disease
State one example of a density independent
factor. Temperature / weather (extremes) /
flood / fire / natural disasters
What is the name of the processes
represented by the arrows labelled 1 and 2?
What general name is given to all the
organisms responsible for the process
represented by arrow 4?
Name the term which describes the
biochemical process represented by arrow 5.
What is the general name given to the
organisms carrying out the process shown by
arrow 3?
What process is indicated by arrow 6?
What is the name of the processes
represented by the arrows labelled 1 and 2?
1 Respiration
2 photosynthesis
What general name is given to all the
organisms responsible for the process
represented by arrow 4?
Decomposers
Name the term which describes the
biochemical process represented by arrow 5.
Nitrogen fixation
What is the general name given to the
organisms carrying out the process shown by
arrow 3?
Nitrifying bacteria
What process is indicated by arrow 6?
Denitrification
(mean per m2 =) 6
(field area =) 55 000 (m2)
mean x area 6 × 55 000 = 330 000