LABORATORY REPORT TWO – BIOMECHANICS
TASK
Participate in the circuit and complete the biomechanical principle questions below:
EXERCISE BALL TUG OF WAR
1) Define momentum and include the equation for calculating momentum.
2) Apply your understanding of conservation of momentum to the above activity.
3) Identify and discuss two factors that could be changed to increase the momentum of the exercise ball?
PACE RACE
Perform and time the following activities. At the end of each trial, try to stop within the 1-metre end zone.
Trial 1 - Jog 15 metres at about 50% of max pace.
Trial 2 - Run 15 metres at 75% of max pace.
Trial 3 - Sprint 15 metres at max pace.
1) In which sprints, if any, were you able to stop within the end zone?
2) Explain why it is more difficult to stop when sprinting than when jogging or running.
3) 100-metre sprinters often continue running through after the conclusion of the race, whereas marathon
runners generally come to a stop as they cross the finish line. Explain, in terms of momentum, why athletes
in these two events finish their races so differently.
4) Calculate the speed and velocity of each trial. Ensure you show your working out and identify distance,
displacement and time:
TRIAL
WORKING OUT
SPEED (m/s)
WORKING OUT
VELOCITY (m/s)
1
2
3
TRIAL
1
2
3
THROWING PRACTICE
With a partner, complete the following and record the results:
Trial 1 – Sit with your back against a wall, arm by your side, and throw a tennis ball using only your wrist.
Trial 2 – Sit with your back against a wall, and throw a tennis ball using your wrist and elbow.
Trial 3 – Kneel, then use your wrist, elbow and shoulder to throw the ball.
Trial 4 – Stand up, keeping your feet together, and use your trunk, shoulder, elbow and wrist to throw the ball.
Trial 5 – Stand, step forward and throw the ball using your trunk, shoulder, elbow and wrist.
Trial 6 – Take a small run up and throw the ball using your hips, trunk, shoulder, elbow and wrist.
TRIAL
RESULT (m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
1) In which trial did the ball cover the greatest distance?
2) Explain your results in relation to summation of momentum.
3) Young children often throw using only their arm. Outline three teaching points you could use when teaching
them to throw correctly.
4) Discuss how the biomechanical principle of force is applicable in this task.
HOCKEY PUCK SLIDE
Measure the distance a hockey puck travels on the Hall floor, outside on the basketball court as well as on the oval.
SURFACE
DISTANCE (m)
HALL
OUTSIDE BBALL COURT
OVAL
1)
2)
3)
4)
With reference to your results, discuss the role friction played in the distances achieved.
Identify the direction of the frictional force.
Identify the three type of friction and discuss which type is applicable to this activity.
Apply Newton’s First Law of Motion to this task.
SOCCER SHOOTING
Attempt three soccer shots at goal from 3 metres out, 5 metres out and 10 metres out against a goalie.
Record the success of each shot:
DISTANCE
SUCCESSFUL (Y/N)
3 metres
5 metres
10 metres
1) With reference to the success of each shot, discuss how force is applied.
2) Discuss two other biomechanical principles present.
3) Apply Newton’s First Law of Motion to not only the kicking component of the task but also the goal keeping
aspect (ensure to make mention to inertia).
EGG THROW
With a partner, stand 3 metres apart on the oval. The aim is to underarm throw the egg from one person to the
other without breaking it and then take a step back. Tip: Have ‘soft hands’ and ‘give a bit’ when making contact with
the egg. Repeat until unable.
1) If the egg did not break, how was this achieved? If the egg did break, what adjustments would need to be
made to increase the chance of success?
2) Use your understanding of the biomechanical principle of impulse to justify the coaching point listed above.
3) How can impulse be applied to injury prevention in sport? Provide 3 sporting examples.