QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
QUARTER 1 MODULE 1 LESSON 3
Research has two broad
methodologies;
Qualitative research and Quantitative
research. Quantitative and qualitative
researches are complementary
methods that you can combine in
your research studies to get results
that are both wide-reaching and
profound. To get the best results from
these methods in your research, it’s
important that you understand the
differences between them which you
will study in this lesson.
In the previous lessons, you learned that research should
be systematic, objective, feasible, empirical and clear. These
characteristics guide you in realizing the real nature of
research following the processes as well as the factors in
selecting your general problem or topic. As a researcher
you need to consider the ethics and unethical practices in
conducting research.
WHEN TO USE QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Quantitative data can help you see
the big picture.
• Qualitative data adds the details and
can also give a human voice to your
survey results.
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
ETHNOGRAPHY
GROUNDED
THEORY
CASE STUDY
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS
PHENOMENOLOGY
HISTORICAL
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
DISCOURSE
ANALYSIS
PHENOMENOLOGY
HISTORICAL
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
NARRATIVE
REPORT
BIOGRAPHY
ACTION
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Experimental
research
Non-experimental
research
ACTION
RESEARCH
OBJECTIVE
Difference: Qualitative Research
vs. Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
• To create new theory
based on the gathered
data
• Fact-finding research
• Used to gain
understanding of
individual differences
Quantitative Research
• To test a hypothesis or
theory
• Measures problem using
rating scale & other
research scale & other
research parameters of
group similarities
Qualitative Research
• Natural setting
Quantitative Research
• Measurement setting
• Making stories out of a • Performs measures out
certain phenomenon.
of a certain
phenomenon.
• Uses pictures, words,
sentences,
• Uses numbers, scales,
paragraphs,
hypotheses,
compositions,
calculations,
narrations and short
computations and
stories
statistics tools
SAMPLA (SIZE)
DATA GATHERING
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
• Small judgment (by
decision) sampling
• Large sample
representatives of
population
• Unstructured or semi
structured (flexible
processes)
• Standardized /Structured
• Uses interviews,
participant observation,
group discussions
• Uses census, survey
questionnaire, checklist,
paper-pencil test and
experimentation.
Qualitative Research
Uses open ended questions. It is a
freeform survey questions allow a
participant to answer in open-text
format, responses are unlimited to a
set of options.
Quantitative Research
Uses closed ended questions. This
questions can only be answered by
selecting from a limited number of
options, usually “multiple-choice”,
“yes or no”, or a rating scale
DATA
Qualitative Research
Inductive
The researcher starts with
the observations, an open
mind without biases,
gathering all exact details
of the topic and
generalization or new
theory is given towards the
end of the research
process.
ACTIVITIES
QUANTITATIVE Research
Deductive
Starts from a hypothesis or
already created theory
emphasizing the previously
researched phenomenon
from different views (tested
against observations)
ACTIVITIES
DATA DISCUSSIONS
AND PRESENTATION
Uses both inductive and
deductive
They are not mutually exclusive
with each other in research.
Inductive method or “bottomup” is used if the researcher starts
discussions from the lowest and
highest means then explains the
overall mean.
Deductive or “top-down “if
discussion is from the overall
mean going to the lowest and
highest means, deductive
Data discussions and presentation
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
Opinions are
based on
experience or
observation.
There are no
criteria used in
data discussions.
Opinions are
based on laws,
rules, or other
recognized
principles.
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Synthesize data, interpret,
thematic.
Subjective
Data analysis is influenced
by the personal
experiences and views.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH .
Statistical
Objective
The researcher employs
standard criteria in
analyzing data
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
• Cultivates understanding
with high validity.
• Endorse a development. Has
high output replicability.
• There are no conclusions
formulated
• Conclusion is formulated
towards the end of the
research process.
03
SIMILARITIES:
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH AND
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
1. Both have the process of inquiry
and investigation.
2. Both improve life and help us in
understanding various issues of life
and in giving solutions to our
problems
3. Both start with a problem and end
with a new problem
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing
and interpretation of data
5. Both use inductive and deductive
methods of presenting data.