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LESSON 1: CLASSIFYING DATA
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Variable
- Property or quantity that can take on
different values
- Categorized according to the role they play
o Independent Variable
- Manipulated
- Its value is independent of the behavior of
the subject
o Dependent Variable
- Result
- The behavior or change in characteristics of
the subjects that is recorded throughout
the experiment
- Response of the subject
o Extraneous Variables
- Variables that may affect the result of the
experiment
- Must be controlled
Two Types of Dependent Variable
o Quantitative
- number
- quantity or measurements
o Qualitative
- based on your 5 senses
Kinds of Values of Dependent and
Independent Variables
o Discrete
-represent counts
-number of cell phones produced by
Samsung every year (1000,2000,3000)
o Continuous
- measurement
- amount of time the cell batteries last
Four Levels of Measurement
o Nominal Level – data consists names
and labels
 Movies are listed
 Responses to a poll
o Ordinal Level – data that may be
arranged in an order
 36 stereo speakers 12 were
good 16 were better 8 were
best
Interval Level – does not include 0 as
the starting point
 Year
 Temperature
Ratio Level – includes 0 as the starting
point
 Weight
 Mass
 Length
 Distances
LESSON 2: TABULAR REPRESENTATION OF DATA
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Tabular Representation
o Presentation of Data in a table
Parts of a Table
o Title – provides brief description of the
table; shows the relationship of the
variables
o Table Number – always provide table
number to label your table ; to avoid
confusion
o Headings and Subheadings –allows you
to establish the order of the data by
providing columns
o Table Body – the actual data
o Table Notes – you may use table notes
to explain anything in your table that
are not self-explanatory
Kinds Of Tables
o Textual Table – usually used in dealing
with qualitative data
o Statistical Table
 Descriptive or inferential
statistics
o Numerical Table
 Numeric data
Table 1. TITLE
INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT VARIABLE (unit of
VARIABLE
measurement)
Trial
1
Trial
2
Trial
3
AVERAGE
(unit of
measurement)
LESSON 3: GRAPHICAL DATA
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y- axis - dependent
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Graphs
o Communicate in pictorial form
Line Graphs
x- axis - independent
Figure 1. TiTLe
Summary
Bar Graphs
y- axis - dependent
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x- axis - independent
Figure 1. TiTLe
Summary
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Pie Graphs