Outline :
Objectives
Background
Introduction
Major Concepts of the theory
Major Assumption of the theory
Six-Step Nursing Process
Critiques
Strength and Weakness of the theory
References
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
Roy adaptation theory
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Learning objective
At the end of this session students are
expected to: Define Roy adaptation theory
 know the purpose Roy adaptation theory
 list Assumptions of Roy adaptation theory
 Identify major Concepts of Roy adaptation
theory
 discuss Meta-paradigm of Roy adaptation
theory
 critique of Roy adaptation theory
 strength and weakness RAM

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Sister Callista Roy
Nurses theorist,writer, lecturer, and researcher
Professor and nerse theorist at the bosten collage
of nursing in chest nut hill
Born at los Angeles on october 14,1939
Master degree program in pediatric nursinguniversity of california,Los Angeles in1966
Masters and PHD in sociology 1973 and 1977
the roy adaptation model was developed in 1776
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ROY ADAPTATION MODEL
• “ THE GOAL OF NURSING IS TO
PROMOTE ADAPTATION FOR
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS IN EACH
OF THE FOUR ADAPTIVE MODELS i.e.
PHYSIOLOGIC NEEDS, SELF CONCEPTS,
ROLE FUNCTION, AND
INTERDEPENDENT RELATIONS THUS
CONTRIBUTING TO HEALTHQUALITY
OF LIFE, AND DIYING WITH DIGNITY.”
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 The
use of models in nursing provides nurses to
focus on the role of nursing and its applications
rather than medical practice.
 In addition, it helps patient care to be systematic,
purposeful, controlled and effective.
 One of the commonly used models in nursing is
Roy Adaptation Model.
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 According
to Roy adaptation model, the aim of
nursing is to increase compliance and life
expectancy.
 Roy Adaptation Model evaluates the patient in
physiologic mode, self-concept mode, role function
mode and interdependence mode aiming to provide
holistic care.
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Roy conceptualizes the person in a holistic
perspective.Biopsychosotial
persons are in constant interaction with their
environments.
Characteristics of a system include inputs,
outputs, controls, and feedback.
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Johnson’s nursing model was the impetus for the
development of the RAM.
Roy also incorporated concepts from Helson’s
adaptation theory, von Bertalanffy’s system
model, Rapoport’s system definition, the stress
and adaptation theories of Dohrenrend and
Selye, and the coping model of Lazarus
(Phillips, 2010).
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Assumptions
Scientific assumptions
 Integration of human and environmental
meanings results in adaptation
 Awareness of self and environment is rooted in
thinking and feeling.
 Thinking and feeling mediate human action.
philosophical assumptions
 Persons have mutual relationships with the world
and God.
 Persons are accountable for the processes of
deriving, sustaining, and transforming the
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universe.
 Integration
of cross cultural experiance
 Cultural
needs and necessity to eliminate
culture-bound analysis of key concepts.

A concept central to the culture may
influence the RAM to some extent.
 Cultural
expressions of the RAM may lead
to changes in practice activities such as
nursing assessment.
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Major concepts of
Roy addaptation model
1.Person:

humans are holistic beings that are in constant
interaction with their environment.Biopsychosotial
 Humans use a system of adaptation, both innate and
acquired, to respond to the environmental stimuli they
experience.
2.Environment:
 defined
as conditions, circumstances, and influences that
affect humans’ development and behavior as an adaptive
system.
 envirnment is stimuliwhich can be positive or negative.
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Focal stimuli:- refer to the stimuli that are most
immediately confronting a person.
 Contextual stimuli:- are all other stimuli that
might have a positive or negative influence on the
situation.
 Residual stimuli:-are internal and external factors
that may be affecting the individual or group.

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Major conc...
3.Health


Health is defined as the state where humans can
continually adapt to stimuli.
If they cannot adapt accordingly, the integrity of the
person can be affected negatively
4.Nursing:


he goal of nursing is he promotion of adaptation for
individuals and groups.
Nurses eliminate ineffective coping mechanisms and
eventually lead to better outcomes.
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Internal process
Regulator
The regulator subsystem is works primarily
through the use of the autonomic nervous system
in making physiologic adjustments (Roy, 1976).
neurochemical and endocrine systems.
Coginator
The cognator subsystem processes that are related
to brain functions such as
perception, judgment, learning, and emotion.
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Four addaptive modes
Physiologcal-Physical modes

Physical and chemical processes involved in the
function and activities of living organisms.
 This mode’s basic need is composed of the
needs associated with oxygenation, nutrition,
elimination, activity and rest, and protection.
self-concept mode

Focuses on psychological and spiritual integrity
and a sense of unity, meaning, and
purposefulness in the universe.
 This includes body image and self-ideals.
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Cont...
Role Function Mode
•
Refers to the roles that individuals occupy in
society fulfilling the need for social integrity, it is
knowing who one is, in relation to others.
Interdependance mode
•
This mode focuses on attaining relational integrity
through the giving and receiving of love, respect
and value.
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Levels Of Addaptation
Integrated
process
The various modes and subsystems meet the needs
of the environment. These are usually stable
processes (e.g., breathing, spiritual realization,
successful relationship).
Compensatory
Process
The cognator and regulator are challenged by the
environment’s needs but are working to meet the
needs (e.g., grief, starting with a new job,
compensatory breathing).
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Cont...
Compromised Process
The modes and subsystems are not adequately
meeting the environmental challenge (e.g.,
hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships
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input
stimuli
control
process
regulator
or
coginator
effectors
physiologic
self-concept
role-function
interdependan
ce
out-put
adaptive
or
ineffective
feed back
adaptation
level
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Six steps of nursing process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Assess the behaviors manifested from the four
adaptive modes.
Assess the stimuli, categorize them as focal,
contextual, or residual.
Make a statement or nursing diagnosis of the
person’s adaptive state.
Set a goal to promote adaptation.
Implement interventions aimed at managing the
stimuli.
Evaluate whether the adaptive goal has been met.
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Critique:Analysis and Ealuation
purpose
•
The purpose of the Roy adaptive model is
facilitating the rehabilitation of a patient through
adaptation by stating the four adaptive mode with
its specific stimuli and finally drawing
intervention, which is all the patient well being is
assessed and potential risks will be identified.
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Cont...
Concept
•
The concept of the theory is broad and a
little complicated to understand and
implement because every single adaptive
modes are defined and need to include its
own intervention.
Definitions
•
Definitions stated in the Roy adaptive theory
are clear and every single words that needs
special definitions are defined well.
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Structure
• Structure of the Roy adaptive model is
difficult to understand unless we have a
deep understanding of the concept it is
difficult to analyze it.
Relationships
• Relationships stated in the theory are very
appropriate and clear to understand it.
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Cont...
According to Chinn and Kramer critical
reflection
1. Clarity- well-defined terms, a clear structure
that can be followed
2. simplicity- very complex .theory is packed
densely with great information but requires
vast amount of time and re-reading to grasp
fully
3. Generality- it covers and incredibly wide
range of nursing encounters can be applied
well to case studies and nursing phenomena
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cont...
4.Accessibility - the full usage of the theory in
every day clinical nursing encounters very
challenging, if not impossible.
5.Importance- vital as it brings a very different
perspective to nursing as a whole and also has
contributed to the start of many middle ranged
theories .
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Strength and Weaknesses
of theory
Strength





Every concept was operational well defined
The sequence of the concepts was logically
ordered
The concepts of Roy’s model are stated in
relatively simple terms
It guides nurses to use observation and
interviewing skills in doing an individualized
assessment of each person.
Her concept was applicable with many practice
settings of nursing.
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Cont...
weakness
 The theory was time-consuming.
 Difficult to apply during emergencies
situation that requiring quick action.
 The individual might have completed
the whole adaptation process without the
benefit of having a complete assessment
for thorough nursing interventions.
 Adaptive responses may vary in every
individual and may take a longer time
compared to others.
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Cont...

Thus, the span of control of nurses may be
impeded by the time of the patient’s discharge.

When an individual presents an ineffective
response during his or her adaptation process,
the nurses’ roles were not clearly discussed.

The main point of the concept was to promote
adaptation, but none were stated on preventing
and resolving maladaptation.
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Conclusion

The Use of Roy theory in nursing provide nurses
to focus on the role of nursing and its
applications rather than medical practice .
 The theory helps patient care to be systematic,
purposeful, controlled and effective.
 The aim of this theory is to increase compliance
and life expectancy.
 Roy adaptation theory evaluates the patient in
physiologic, self-concept, role function and
interdependence modes aiming to provide
holistic care.
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Refernces
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wills M. Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for
Nursing. Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Andrew, H.A. and Roy, C. (1991). Overview of the physiologic mode. In
George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional nursing
practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Roy, C. and McLeod, D. (1981) The person’s theory as an adaptive system.
In George, J. (Ed.). Nursing theories: the base for professional nursing
practice. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Roy, C. and Adrews, H. A. (1999). The Roy adaptation model (2nd ed). In
McEwen, M. and Wills, E. (Ed.). Theoretical basis for nursing. USA:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Thank you
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