Name:______________________________Class:__________________ Date:__________________
Assessment
Chapter Test B
Teacher Notes and Answers
The Science of Physics
CHAPTER TEST B (ADVANCED)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
c
c
c
b
Solution
12. c
Solution
x = Av
Rearrange the equation to solve for A and
substitute units.
A=
1 km 6 370 000 m =
1000 m x
m
=
=s
v
m/s
13. b
Given
30
msun = 2.0 10 kg
Solution
–27
mHatom = 1.67 10 kg/atom
3
6.37 10 km
6. b
7. a
Solution
(10.5) (8.8) (3.14) = 290.136
Estimate the answer using an order-ofmagnitude calculation.
The answer rounds to 290 and is written as
2.9 102 in scientific notation.
8. a
Solution
3
(0.82 + 0.042)(4.4 10 ) =
3
(0.86)(4.4 10 ) = 3784
30
–27
57
10 /10 = 10
14. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The
model or hypothesis is unable to make
reliable predictions.
15. The basic units can be combined to form
derived units for other quantities.
–6
16. 1 10 m
The answer rounds to 3800 and is written as
3.8 103 in scientific notation.
9. d
10. b
11. d
Solution
(v)2 (m/s)2
=
= m/s2
x
m
106 m
= 1 106 m
1μm
17. They return answer with as many digits as
the display can show.
18. five
1μm Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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Chapter Tests
Name:______________________________Class:__________________ Date:__________________
4
4
20. Yes; trial 2 has a much greater T over the
same period of time; temperature increases
as time increases; Since the table indicates a
direct relationship between T and t, the
general form of the equation is y = mx. If
T is graphed on the y-axis and t is
graphed on the x-axis, m represents the
T
slope or
. In this instance, the average of
t
T
is 0.12. Therefore, the equation would
t
be T = 0.12t.
19. 10 000 or 10 Earths; 1.17 10 Earths
Given
6
REarth = 6.37 10 m
11
Avg. Earth sun distance = 1.496 10 m
NEarths between Earth and the sun = ?
Solution
DiameterEarth = 2(REarth) =
6
7
2(6.37 10 m) = 1.27 10 m
Therefore, using an order-of-magnitude
calculation, the estimate for the number of
Earths that would fit between Earth and the
sun is
1011
= 10 000 or 10 4.
10 7
Exact number of Earths is
(1.496 1011 m)
2(6.37 106 m)
=
1.17 10 4 Earths
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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Chapter Tests
Name:______________________________Class:__________________ Date:__________________
Assessment
The Science of Physics
Chapter Test B
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 1. A hiker uses a compass to navigate through the woods. Identify the
area of physics that this involves.
a. thermodynamics
c. electromagnetism
b. relativity
d. quantum mechanics
_____ 2. According to the scientific method, how does a physicist formulate and
objectively test hypotheses?
a. by defending an opinion
c. by experiments
b. by interpreting graphs
d. by stating conclusions
_____ 3. Diagrams are not designed to
a. show relationships between concepts.
b. show setups of experiments.
c. measure an event or a situation.
d. label parts of a model.
_____ 4. The most appropriate SI unit for measuring the length of an automobile
is the
a. micron.
c. meter.
b. kilometer.
d. nanometer.
_____ 5. The radius of Earth is 6 370 000 m. Express this measurement in km in
scientific notation with the correct number of significant digits.
a. 6.37 106 km
c. 637 103 km
d. 63.7 104 km
b. 6.37 103 km
_____ 6. Three values were obtained for the mass of a metal bar: 8.83 g; 8.84 g;
8.82 g. The known mass is 10.68 g. The values are
a. accurate.
c. both accurate and precise.
b. precise.
d. neither accurate nor precise.
_____ 7. Calculate the following, and express the answer in scientific notation
with the correct number of significant figures: 10.5 8.8 3.14
a. 2.9 102
c. 2.90 102
b. 290.136
d. 290
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Chapter Tests
Name:______________________________Class:__________________ Date:__________________
Chapter Test B continued
_____ 8. Calculate the following, and express the answer in scientific notation
with the correct number of significant figures: (0.82 + 0.042)(4.4 103)
c. 3.784 103
a. 3.8 103
d. 3784
b. 3.78 103
_____ 9. Which of the following equations best describes the graph above?
a. y = 2x
c. y = x2
1
b. y = x
d. y = x
2
_____ 10. Which of the following equations best describes the graph above?
a. y = x2 + 1
c. y = x2 + 1
d. y = x2 1
b. y = x2 1
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Chapter Tests
Name:______________________________Class:__________________ Date:__________________
Chapter Test B continued
_____ 11. Which expression has the same dimensions as an expression yielding a
value for acceleration (m/s2)? (v has units of m/s.)
c. (v)2/t
a. v/(t)2
d. (v)2 /x
b. v/(x)2
_____ 12. If the change in position x is related to velocity v (with units of m/s)
in the equation x = Av, the constant A has which dimension?
c. s
a. m/s2
b. m
d. m2
_____ 13. The sun is composed mostly of hydrogen. The mass of the sun is
2.0 1030 kg, and the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 1027 kg.
Estimate the number of atoms in the sun.
c. 1030
a. 103
57
b. 10
d. 1075
SHORT ANSWER
14. If unexpected results are obtained and confirmed through repeated
experiments, why must a model or hypothesis be abandoned or revised?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
15. How can only seven basic units serve to express almost any measured
quantity?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
16. Convert 1 μm to meters using scientific notation.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
17. Why do calculators often exaggerate the precision of a final result?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
18. How many significant figures does 0.050 200 mg have?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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Chapter Tests
Name:______________________________Class:__________________ Date:__________________
Chapter Test B continued
PROBLEM
19. The radius of Earth is 6.37 106 m. The average Earth-sun distance is
1.496 1011 m. How many Earths would fit between Earth and the sun if they
are separated by their average distance? Use an order-of-magnitude calculation
to estimate this number. Then, determine an exact answer and express it in
scientific notation with the correct number of significant digits.
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
0.0 s
20.5°C
21.3°C
20.8°C
21.0°C
5.0 s
21.0°C
22.9°C
21.4°C
21.7°C
10.0 s
21.6°C
24.1°C
22.0°C
22.3°C
15.0 s
22.2°C
26.8°C
22.7°C
22.8°C
20.0 s
23.0°C
28.2°C
23.2°C
23.3°C
20. Four trials of a chemical reaction were completed, and the change in
temperature was measured every five seconds. Based on the data in the
table above, answer the following questions. Are there any unexpected or
unusual results? Explain your answer. What is the general relationship
between temperature and time? Disregarding any trial(s) with unexpected
results, express this relationship in the form of a general equation.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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Chapter Tests