Name ________________________________ Date __________________ Period __________
Semester Test Study Guide
1. In the chart below, explain the Five Principles of Relative Age
Dating.
Principle
Definition
Superposition
Youngest rock is near the top, oldest rock is
near the bottom
Original
Horizontality
Layers form horizontally, because sediments
deposit horizontally, because gravity
Lateral Continuity Layers keep going even if there is break, like a
fault line or holes and canyons
Inclusions
Sediments must be older than the layers they
are found in
Cross-Cutting
Relationships
The layers that fill in eroded places or volcanic
intrusions must be younger than the layers
they interrupt
2. Explain the difference between natural selection and selective
breeding and how each of these ideas affect an organism's
chance of survival.
Natural Selection- Animals with poor traits will die or not
reproduce. Animals with good traits, called Adaptations, will live
longer and have more babies survive.
Name ________________________________ Date __________________ Period __________
Selective Breeding- Method of artificial selection, organisms with
preferred traits are bred to produce more organisms with those
traits.
Under natural selection, survival is determined by adaptation.
With selective breeding, the ones who survive are the ones who
have the traits humans want.
3. Explain what variations, mutations, and adaptations are. How
are they different?
Variation- Natural difference in an organism gene pool- humans:
hair color, eye color, height, skin color, longer arms
Mutation- random changes in genetic code
Adaptation- good traits for natural selection, helps you live
longer/have more babies
4. What does it mean for a force to be balanced or unbalanced?
Balanced force- means no Net Force, means no acceleration, no
change in motion
Unbalanced Force- means there is a Net Force, means there is an
acceleration, means there is a change in motion
5. How is net force calculated?
Net force is the sum of all forces. Can be described using a Free
Body Diagram. You add all the forces together.
FNet= F1+F2+F3. . .
Name ________________________________ Date __________________ Period __________
6. What is Newton’s Third Law of motion?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
For every force, there is an equal and opposite force
For walking a dog: Dog pulls on you, you pull on dog
7. A car drives from Harrisburg, AR to Memphis, TN (56 miles) in
64 minutes. What is the car’s average speed on the trip?
Speed = distance / time
56miles/64minutes= .875 miles per minute
.875 miles per minute * 60 minutes per hour= 52.5 Miles per
hour
8. A whale swims at a constant speed of 2 meters/second for 30
seconds. How far did the whale travel?
Distance = Velocity * Time
2 meters per second * 30 seconds= 60 meters
9. A biker rides his bike for 30 miles at a constant speed of 9 miles
per hour. How long did the cyclist ride?
Time = Distance / Speed
30 miles/9 miles per hour= 3.333333333333 hours