2020 15th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES) | 978-0-7381-0559-8/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCES51560.2020.9334620
Development of Smart Grid System
Basma Mohsen Zakaria
Adly S. Tag Eldien
Momtaz Saad Elkholy
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra
Benha University
Egypt, Cairo
Email: basmamohsen791@gmail.com
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra
Benha University
Egypt, Cairo
Email: adlymerg@yahoo.com
Ministry of Electricity and
Renewable EnergyEgypt, Cairo
Abstract—prepaid energy meter has been perform in many
regions. Actually, the flaw of the system is the controlling
behavior of the customers. The meter must be recharged.
That’s why a smart meter system has been created to obtain
all electrical energy consumption in a small region. The area
consists of individual units like the room in the hall, the
apartment in the building, the structure on the street, etc. Power
grids,communications and power system simulation are designed.
Data is processed and power consumption profiles are created
for units for different periods of time obtained from simulations
taking into account the definitions of the electricity grid, as well
as taking advantage of the use of IoT advantages in how to
separate power remotely when a theft is detected in an area.
By using MATLAB Simulink the information was obtained from
a specific apartment inside the building to calculate the energy
through which the messages are displayed on the LCD screen,
this system sends SMS messages to the consumer via GSM and
also sends them to the electricity company in an encrypted form
using arduino micro-controller.
K EYWORDS —I OT,S MART M ETER , DATA
PROCESSING ,C ONSUMPTION PROFILE AND S MART
G RID .
I. I NTRODUCTION
The smart grid can be defined as the electric power network
that is characterized by an efficient and reliable infrastructure
with the use of sophisticated and modern control, communication, sensing and measurement techniques, as well as
having the ability to control all parts of the network and
address problems if they occur and this does not happen unlike
traditional networks. The electrical network uses communication technologies (such as smart meters that operate on 3G
technology or SCADA monitoring systems and many others)
to collect information from points of consumption, generation
and transmission of electricity, and then adjust the work of the
network based on the information.
By taking advantage of the smart grid, there has been a
development in 1,157 distribution substations for smart transformation and operation, as well as taking advantage of the
advantages of the smart grid, the cost of maintenance and
operation has been reduced, the provision of manpower and
level has led to the improvement of the management of the
distribution substations, accordingly. And in the future plan of
the Electricity Company, to develop 40,000 sub-distribution
stations by 20277 [11] .
The information that can be collected is abundant and rich, for
example: consumer electricity consumption patterns (homes,
978-0-7381-0559-8/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
factories, etc.), generation patterns of power plants, especially
renewable energy such as wind and solar energy, average
fuel consumption per production station within power stations
which are all characterized by fluctuations in generation rates
[2].
By taking advantage of the advantages of the Internet of things,
controlling home appliances as well as electronic devices, all
of this was done through the web page, and with the help of
this site, the user’s place was easily accessed and the electronic
equipment controlled and monitored and bills paid [6].
Smart meters are used to measure the electrical energy consumption of consumers and can be used to transfer information
to the consumer to clarify consumption, and electricity suppliers can monitor the load and customer bills, and all this is
done in different time periods [3], [5].
In this system, RFID was used to read the data for each
consumer and also to detect if the consumer uses his right
card or not and use the card to clarify the customer’s balance,
the value of the shipment,the remaining balance, and all these
data appear on the crystal screen , send The data to the control
of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy is in encrypted form
due to the difficulty of tampering with it and storing this data
in the sd-card for easy access at any time by using arduino
micro-controller.
In this research real data was obtained in cooperation with
the Ministry of Electricity to obtain the total electrical energy
in a small area. Inside a small space. This building has 5
floors. Each apartment has different loads, and given what the
Ministry of Electricity suffers from energy loss without knowing the location of this loss and why it cannot be controlled
remotely except after personally passing by the engineers and
technicians (human intervention) to discover the location of
the loss and the reasons for its occurrence, which requires
a long time, which leads to the waste of a large amount
of energy, therefore this research focuses on discovering the
location and time of theft and controlling it directly from a
distance without resorting to human intervention and all these
features mentioned above have been accomplished through the
use of matlab simulation as show in fig1.
An introduction is presented in section I, SMART METER
BASICS is discussed in Section II , Literature Survey is
covered in Section III and Architecture Model in Section IV
,System Simulation in section V , Result in section VI and
Finally, Conclusion and future scope in Section VII..
II. S MART M ETER BASICS
Typical features of smart meter include:
• Read and Write Data Record
• Communication link in AMI
• Remote disconnect/connect
• compatibility
• programming remotely
- Read and Write Data Record, energy consumption data
is recorded and this data is sent to the service center. The
meters usually record the data in different time periods
from 5 to 60 minutes for a month and these parameters
are used in price plans [8].
- Two-way system advanced meter infrastructure(AMI) is
better than the one-way system(AMR), as the dual system
allows the exchange of information between the consumer
and the utility companies and also allows the consumer to
control the carrying of appliances inside the home such
as dishwasher and microwave. The information obtained
is not limited to energy consumption but also indicates
voltage levels Frequency improves stability and reduces
network losses [7].
-Through remote communication and disconnection, locating the fault and controlling it without resorting to
human intervention, smart meters have capacitors that
support the longest connection period (a few minutes)
in the event of a power outage, these capacitors enable
each meter to send messages alerting the loss of current
to the control center to take precautions Necessary.
-The compatibility system is based on how the smart
meters that operate with the two-way communication
system and the AMR system, which is based on the
unidirectional communication system, are integrated, and
therefore the utility companies release modern versions
compatible with the old versions.
-Through remote programming, electricity companies can
program smart meters without resorting to sending technicians.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
The advantages of the Internet of Things for the development of the smart energy meter system have been
clarified, which is 1- Collecting energy consumption information 2- The consumer can monitor his consumption
day and night through a web page that displays the consumption in the form of a curve to improve energy use.
All of these advantages are achieved by directly linking
consumption to the consumer with energy consumption,
and thus each consumer becomes a contribution to efficient energy management [9].
-The proposed devices were designed successfully by
simulating a prepaid energy meter based on the Proteus
program and the result of this simulation showed that
prepaid smart meters have a slight error in measuring
voltage and current, and this was done by measuring the
sensor, but the consumed electrical energy was calculated
correctly and accurately, in the future. The first model
of this design can be linked to the smart mobile so
that consumers can monitor their consumption through
a mobile application at any time [4].
CDAC smart meters are adapted to amendments in the
Indian standards that can occur in future. These in turn
helps to get rid of any foreign agencies to intervene our
design by any means that can pose a threat to the grid
security or can bring up high maintenance costs for the
utility. [10].
IV. A RCHITECTURE M ODEL
The schematic diagram shown in fig2 is designed to read
data from the counter directly upon charging and to know
if the user is using the card or not and to know the
total balance after successfully completing the charging
process and this data appears on the crystal screen (LCD)
and this data is sent to control the necessity of encrypted
messages and is Keeping it in (SD-CARD) all this is done
with the help of the controller arduino micro-controller
[1].
shows the system has created shown in fig3 , which is
an architecture that collects information about the energy
consumption of each apartment in the building and is sent
to the large counter. After that, the resulting data from the
large counter is sent to data concentrator unit (DCU) and
the counters can be contacted via (MODBUS)Protocol.the
system can also be described as the back of a threelayer network where the leaf-holding layer is home area
network(HAN ).each point represents a unit that observed
by the smart meter The next layeris Neighborhood Area
Network(NAN), where each nodeis information capacitor
for a group of units in the HAN and the result enables sent
from DCU to Head end System(HES) and therefore by
(GPRS,GSM OR PLC) and thenmeter data Management
system(MDMS).
V. S YSTEM S IMULATION
This work aims to monitor consumer consumption at all
times and to know the occurrence of theft in electricity
to reduce the large loss in electricity and to send this encrypted data form to avoid tampering with this data while
sending it to the control of the Ministry of Electricity and
Renewable Energy.
– PROTEUS
The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software
tool suite used primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic
design engineers and technicians to create schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed
circuit boards.
– GSM MODULE
in fig.4, A GSM Module is basically a GSM Modem
Fig. 1. Diagram of the energy measurement system
Fig. 2. Functional Block Diagram of Complete System.
Fig. 4. Result of PROTEUS simulation window screenshot
– Arduino micro-controller
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building
electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a
physical programmable circuit board (often referred
to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software,
or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that
runs on your computer, used to write and upload
computer code to the physical board.
Fig. 3. Layout of Smart Grid System
(like SIM 900) connected to a PCB with different
types of output taken from the board – say TTL Output (for Arduino, 8051 and other microcontrollers)
and RS232 Output to interface directly with a PC
(personal computer).
– (Radio Frequency Definition) RFID:is a form of
wireless communication that involves the use of
electromagnetic or electrostatic pairing in the radiofrequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
to uniquely identify an object, animal or person.
Use cases for RFID technology include health care,
manufacturing, inventory management, shipping,
retail sales, and home use. In this broadcast, it is
used to identify the customer’s shipping card. The
person can use a non-card and when the process is
repeated in a wrong way, a fine is imposed on the
consumer.
– SD-CARD
SD (Secure Digital) cards are the oldest and leastused, and are limited to 2 GB of storage, SDXC
(Extended Capacity) cards can store up to 2 Terabytes (2000 GB). Most card readers also provide
the ability to write, and this can work with the drive
as a drive. In this paper, it is used to save data sent
to the control for retrieval at any time when needed.
– Server
server is located in the control center of the Electricity Company, where it keeps inside all the data in the
company such as (data for employees ....) this data
is kept inside each customer from (consumed energy
- the remaining balance - the current balance - the
maximum load) and this data is obtained in the form
of encrypted messages to ensure the mechanism of
information is accessed in a safe and correct way.
the Arduino micro controller was used first as a
transmitter and the other works as a data receiver
after which this data was encrypted using encryption
technique on transmitter and receiver.
VI. R ESULT
the results show the electrical energy consumption of
several buildings. The measurement processes may reflect
active and reactive electrical energy consumption. Those
units in the same area form a local network, and the
energy consumption of this small area can be illustrated
by simulating Matlab from the instantaneous consumption profile, and many results can be extracted such as
the energy consumption accumulation of the simulation
data obtained from the simulation containing the active
energy data for each apartment In architecture where
every apartment contains A different download from the
other as the architecture contains 5 apartments and the
simulation was executed for 10 seconds
-fig5 ,It shows the active, reactive and apparent energy
consumption of a single apartment over different time
periods. A trend line for depreciation can be constructed
as the linear regression of this data with respect to time
-in fig.6, From these data, the active electrical power consumption illustrated, represented by the linear regression
image of this data for different time periods..
-fig 7 shows The system urges the use of the features of
the Internet of things so that in case of theft detection, so
that the current can be separated from the large counter
located at the end of the building from a distance. With
clarification of the code used and the results, these results
were represented on a five-storey building.
Fig. 5. (active, reactive and apparent) Power of a single-unit
Fig. 6. Power Consumption of individual units
Fig. 7. Theft Detection
VII. C ONCLUSION AND F UTURE S COPE
-This paper presents the operation of simulating the
smart energy meter depend on the Protues and Matlab
Simulation. Firstly, the simulation system using Protues
Simulation. The proposed devices were successfully
applied by the program. This program enables the
consumer to know the balance of the remaining when
charging and the total balance that they have. This data
is sent to control the Picture of an encrypted message to
avoid tampering with this data while it is being sent and
this information is kept in the SD CARD for easy access
to information in any time. The communication between
the first model and the smart meter can be applied to
this, Customers can also easily recharge the meter to
avoid power outages and they can also manage their
energy consumption to avoid load spikes at peak times.
Secondly, through the Matlab Simulation system, in
this part a smart simulation system for a small area.
Real data from the Ministry of Electricity was used to
find out the special loads for each apartment within
the architecture, so that the definition of consumption
profiles is done with the help of design. This system can
be developed in the future by adding more areas and
units. Internet features are also used (IOT) to control the
disconnection of the current and return from a distance
The advanced smart meter is considered one of
the main components of the smart grid, as it has the
ability to obtain technical reports on the transformers,
including: (transformer loads - maximum load - power
factors, and the analysis of these data is used in network
planning, interruption reduction, and load management).
[9]the upgraded device could have some possible
immediate future developments:
– The system should be improved to detect energy theft
using the Internet of Things.
– Integration of control production, transmission and
distribution so that the whole system is complete.
– Achieving the smart path in the smart grid by
changing customer paths through automatic control
of transportation, production, and distribution.
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