CONSTANTS
h = 6.626 x 10-34 J·s or kg·m2/s
c = 3.00 x 108 m/s
Rh = 2.18 x 10-18 J (Rydberg’s constant)
R (gas law) = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
Name______________________________
tf = (tc × 9°F/5°C) + 32 °F
Solubility Guidelines
1) Almost all salts of Na+, K+, NH4+, nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, and acetate are soluble.
2) Almost all salts of Cl-, Br-, and I- are soluble, except those with Ag+, Hg22+, and Pb2+.
3) Almost all salts of F- are soluble, except fluorides of Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Pb2+.
4) Almost all sulfate and nitrites are soluble, except sulfates of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Pb2+, and silver
nitrite.
5) Most salts of carbonate, phosphate, oxalate (C2O42-), chromate
(CrO42-), sulfite, sulfide, hydroxide, and oxide are not soluble. The exceptions are the salts of the
alkali metal cations, ammonium, and barium hydroxide.
Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
1
18
Period
1A
8A
1
H
2
13
14
15
16
17
He
1.008
2A
3A
4A
5A
6A
7A
4.003
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
4
5
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
6.941
9.012
10.81
12.01
14.01
16.00
19.00
20.18
7
12
13
Na
Mg
22.99
24.31
3B
4B
5B
6B
7B
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
27
Si
15
16
S
Cl
Ar
1B
2B
26.98
28.09
30.97
32.07
35.45
39.95
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
11
28
-------8B -------
26
Al
14
12
10
P
17
18
36
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
39.10
40.08
44.96
47.88
50.94
52.00
54.94
55.85
58.93
58.69
63.55
65.39
69.72
72.59
74.92
78.96
79.90
83.80
37
Rb
38
Sr
39
Y
40
Zr
41
Nb
42
Mo
43
Tc
44
Ru
45
Rh
46
Pd
47
Ag
48
Cd
49
In
50
Sn
51
Sb
52
Te
53
I
Xe
85.47
87.62
88.91
91.22
92.91
95.94
(97.91)
101.1
102.9
106.4
107.9
112.4
114.8
118.7
121.8
127.6
126.9
131.3
55
6
10
Li
11
3
2
56
57
72
73
74
75
78
Cs
Ba
La*
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
76
77
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
132.9
137.3
138.9
178.5
180.9
183.9
186.2
190.2
190.2
195.1
197.0
200.5
204.4
207.2
209.0
(209.0)
(210.0)
(222.0)
87
88
89
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
114
---
---
---
()
()
()
()
()
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
---
(223.0)
(226.0)
(227.0)
(261.1)
(262.1)
(263.1)
(262.1)
(265)
(266)
()
Lanthanide Series*
Actinide Series~
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
79
---
66
80
81
---
67
68
82
69
83
84
116
70
71
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
140.1
140.9
144.2
(144.9)
150.4
152.0
157.3
158.9
162.5
164.9
167.3
168.9
173.0
175.0
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
232.0
231.0
238.0
(237.0)
(244.7)
(243.1)
(247.1)
(247.1)
(251.1)
(252.1)
(257.1)
(258.1)
(259.1)
(262.1)
85
54
86
118