Nabila Nurrahma (063) & Agastya Pandu (075)
Introduction
Core Policy
Elements
Development Cooperation
as Central Domain of
Engagement
Limits of Korea’s
Middle Power
Ambition
Introduction
Secara singkat, New Southern Policy adalah kebijakan
luar negeri Korea Selatan yang digagas oleh Presiden
Moon Jae-In dengan tujuan mengurangi ketergantungan
ROK terhadap AS, Tiongkok, Jepang dan Rusia dengan
memperluas hubungan dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara
serta Asia Selatan, terutama negara berkembang.
...as Seoul’s new regional strategy to
diversify its economic and diplomatic
alignments in search of greater
strategic autonomy, has been well
received by Southeast Asia and India,
and quite successful in producing
substantial deliverables
over the last three years.
— Wongi (2021)
Seoul’s desire to pursue it
middle-power ambition has been
limited by external geopolitical
constraints as well as internal
limitations inherent in the
design of the NSP itself.
— Wongi (2021)
Central Domain of
Engagement?
“The attempt to influence the political behavior of a
target state through the comprehensive establishment
and enhancement of contacts with that state across
multiple issue-areas (i.e. diplomatic, military,
economic, cultural)”
(Resnick, 2001)
Central Domain of
Engagement?
Seoul chose deliberately to prioritize development
cooperation as the central domain of its NSP
engagement in order to capitalize on its developmental
experiences and … maximizing its comparative
advantages in the area of development cooperation.
(Wongi, 2021)
Across multiple
issue-areas,
why cooperation
development?
●
●
●
Strategic autonomy ambition: economic
diversification, realignment, and rebalancing
Unique leadership assets and comparative advantages:
development assistance, share know-how in economic
development, and engage in need-based development
cooperation
Soft power: successful development experiences
And increasingly influential cultures influences
What kind of economic cooperation?
1
2
3
Strong Economic
Pillar
Increasing ODA
by 2023
Engagement
Areas
“building a base for mutually
beneficial, future-oriented
economic cooperation”
from 87 billion won in
2019, to 180.4 billion won
by 2023
digital economy, higher
education, Mekong cooperation,
smart cities, and
transportation infrastructure
development
CORE POLICY ELEMENTS
1
2
3
Economic
Diversification
Diplomatic
Rebalancing
Regional
Cooperation
Menyelaraskan kembali dan memperluas
portofolio ekonomi eksternal Seoul
dan menghubungkannya dengan ekonomi
yang tumbuh cepat di Asia Tenggara
dan India.
Upaya baru Seoul untuk
penyeimbangan kembali diplomatik
dengan Asia Tenggara dan
sekitarnya serta India
Upaya kerja sama regional dengan
menggabungkan kekuatan dengan
negara-negara yang berpikiran sama
dalam berkontribusi pada arsitektur
regional yang multilateral dan
inklusif.
Limits of Korea’s Middle Power Ambition
Sensitive security
issues left aside
Limitations of a
“balanced diplomacy”
External
constraints
NSP tidak memiliki
elemen strategis dan
keamanan dalam program
operasionalnya.
Ambisi NSP Seoul untuk
memainkan peran regional
yang lebih besar dan untuk
memperluas scope
diplomatiknya lebih jauh
dikompromikan oleh kendala
yang dihasilkan dari
pendekatan “balanced
diplomacy”.
Kemampuan Seoul untuk
mencari sinergi antara
NSP dan inisiatif
regional oleh
negara-negara seperti
AS dan Jepang semakin
diperumit oleh
hubungannya yang
memburuk dengan Tokyo