FACULTY OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARC4903 INTEGRATED DESIGN PRECEDENT STUDIES ASSIGNMENT – 1 Programme : Bachelor Science of Architecture Lecturer : Ar. Mohd Azli Mohamad Jamil Date of Submission : 16TH November 2021 GROUP MEMBERS 1. FATIMA BINTE SALIM - 199529 2. YASMEEN SAYED - 191510 3. RANYA KAREEM - 199589 HERNINGSHOLM VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, DENMARK. • • • • • • • • • Architects: C.F. Møller Area: 4700 M² Year: 2014 Photographs: Martín Schubert Landscape Architect: C.F. Møller Architects Engineer: Cowi Client: Herningsholm Vocational School City: Herning Country: Denmark The new Herningsholm vocational school presents itself as a stand-alone structure within a campus cluster of educational structures. Inside-out, with an emphasis on creating appropriate learning and study settings, and outside-in, in connection to the surrounding context, where inviting urban areas create opportunities for outdoor work and instruction. The structure takes into consideration how our physical surroundings influence our behaviour and thoughts. The architecture of the learning environment has a considerable influence on the everyday learning processes of students, and is thus created with modern and democratic ideas in mind. The building is located in the place where it is surrounded with commercial and residential area which is exactly related with our site. The site for making vocational training in Putrajaya is also surrounded with commercial and residential areas and this Herningsholm vocational school sets an excellent example due to its similar location which gives an idea how to design or to respond the environment. CONCEPT NORTH SOUTH The building has an angular layout that brings three building volumes all together under a sloping roof that with three floors in the south side of the building and two floors in the north side of the building. The angular building creates three new outdoor urban and learning spaces: which is the plaza, front garden and the study garden. The building is built with the shape of wedge like structure with three different blocks connecting it with the sloping roof. In compared to the surroundings, this decreases in scale from three floors farther south to two storeys on the northernmost flank. Simplicity, clarity and unpretentiousness, the ideals that have guided their concept towards the work of this building. The components in the space are of both centralized and linear structures and are combined in a radial space organization. It is made up of a prominent core area from which a radial network of linear organizations extends. A radial organization, on the other hand, is an extroverted design that extends out to its environment, whereas a centralized organization is an introverted scheme that focuses inward on its centre region in the space. It may stretch and attach itself to certain pieces or characteristics of its location using its linear arms as shown above. DESIGN OBJECTIVE ` The main purpose of the architect was to create creativity towards that area. The architect wanted to create communication, concentration, motion, exposition and collaboration within the site that would create an attractive point for the users who would be willingly participating as per their interest with the course provided. The plaza is an important target that helps to bring institutions and members from around all around together. green space is included in the plaza in the form of two huge cracks in the poured concrete in an attempt to merge the urban and human scale. The triangulated depressions around the green spaces offer seating in dry weather. The recesses work as natural infiltration and retention basins to relieve the sewers during rainfall. GROUND FLOOR To the west is surrounded with the existing trees which is used as a study garden by the users. It is basically designed for the purpose of learning, reflection and contemplation; Besides, in the south is designed with semi-public space which has the front garden constructed and with direct access from the ground-floor classrooms. A stunning architectural style for the school is created by cutting through the building bulk towards the Plaza. The roof overhang creates a shaded outdoor area that regulates the movement from the upper buildings to the north and clearly displays the school's main entrance and "store fronts" on the ground level, which showcase the many educations and their activities. FIRST FLOOR The building's foundation of learning rooms is arranged around a connecting common area that also functions as a flexible learning environment. The educational areas are grouped to provide direct access to the common area from all of the school's learning rooms. all the learning rooms are attached at side of the building that provides highest possibility of daylight penetration. Studio cafes are situated in middle of floor plan in order to give flexible use and entrance from every of the building three fire exits are provided at every corner of the building in order to give faster usage when in need of emergency. Main staircase area is situated in the middle of the building acts like a multipurpose system which gives the user to sit or hold any meeting publicly. SECOND FLOOR The structure is intended for broad usage, and the learning spaces are meant to enable and complement a variety of flexible and modern learning methods. The facade's built-in sitting / study recesses provide richness to the areas while also inspiring other, more unorthodox applications. Mobile furniture can swiftly modify the learning environment to accommodate a variety of educational scenarios. SEMI PUBLIC AREA PUBLIC AREA PUBLIC AREA WEST ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION The building is designed with public areas on the ground floor which has the learning rooms, workshops and studio café and semi-public area on second floor containing the lecturer’s room and printing area for personal usage. EAST ELEVATION NORTH ELEVATION The facades are distinguished by their orientation, demonstrating how the structures, environmental efforts, and installation techniques have been properly modified and merged with the architectural concept: The glass facades have integrated recesses and reveals that give shade for the facade design, which uses huge prefabricated fibre cement facade panels in conjunction with tall, bronze-anodized perforated aluminium shutters to bring warmth and variety to the arrangement. The facades were given in order to give more vibrant colour of expression and lightening. The Herningsholm building provides opportunity for the users to have an open and comfortable zone by applying sustainable design which even helps in saving energy. The learning centres are exposed with facades in order to allow maximum daylight. natural light fills the school through carefully oriented glazed facades optimized for energy efficiency. The common learning spaces also provide a number of physical environments for learners to participate in, ranging from double-height rooms facing the garden that are appropriate for workshop-like uses, to a student coffee space for socializing of students, to designated study corners with a calmer and more meaningful character – and each individual learning space is designed for a variety of layouts and spatial uses. Innovative classrooms the commercial college has an innovative interior – with focus on creating optimum learning spaces and study environments – and exterior in relation to the surrounding context, where attractive and welcoming spaces provide excellent opportunities for working and teaching outdoors DAYLIGHT SOLAR SCREENS VENT STRIP BETWEEN SPACES COMMON AREA NATURAL VENTILATION THERMAL EFFECT RAINWATER RESERVOIR LOW E WINDOWS DAYLIGHT LOW ENERGY CONSTRUCTION NATURAL VENTILATION HYRBID VENTILATION GREEN ROOF VISUAL COMFORT SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES • • • • • • • • • • • • Solar screen: south – facing has over hang shades facades and the use of perforated shutters to screen off Sun light. Daylight: the usage of fins reflect daylight into the learning areas, allowing less use of artificial daylight. Vent strip between spaces: gives better amount of daylight interior spaces get lit from different angles due to sufficient entrance of daylight through the building. Common area: use of recreational furniture provides good number of spaces for collaboration. Natural Ventilation: improves comfortless around the spaces and reduces energy load. Thermal effect: double and triple height atrium enables natural ventilation strategy around the spaces. Rainwater reservoir: improves biodiversity water can be recycled and used for various purposes. Low e windows: allows less heat loss and controls passive energy gain. Low energy construction: helps in less heat loss and high insulations improves thermal comfort and energy loss. Hybrid ventilation: balances mechanical ventilation on demand low energy consumption high degree of heat recovery. Green roof: cools by evaporation, reduces drain loads insulates and reduces cooling loads Visual comfort: allows visibility of indoor activity HORIZONTAL SOLAR SCREEN VERTICAL SOLAR SCREEN TRANSPARENT NORTH VACADE Vertical solar screen is on east and west facades which protects from low solar angles while the horizontal solar screen is on south façade that gives protection from high solar angles and reflection of light and the transparent north access opens the building towards the gardens. As part of sustainable design, storm water reservoir has been created in order to make the usage of the water in green land or other purposes that gets stored in reservoir. In dry weather, the triangulated depressions offer seating in the green. during rainfall, the recesses act as natural infiltration and retention basins to relieve the sewers. • • Vertical circulation is in decentralized access and access from gardens Horizontal circulation is from the main stairs starting from the main access. • The colour used in interior design are simple and standard that allows users to feel comfort and socialize with the environment. • The corridor allows walking activities around the building. • The arena which is the part of stairs offers more space and activity as well as productivity for users. • The arena also as part of standard interior space design which is aesthetically pleasing. • All the learning rooms are provided with huge view outside providing a comfort zone for the user which benefits them mentally to concentrate in work. • Physical activities in playground can provide great effects on their body and brain The exterior design of the building produces an aesthetic and amazing view from every angle surrounded with the open garden and plaza. Every angle follows and architectural style of movement principle which makes the wedge shape like building an interesting architectural building. EMBELGASSE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL FOR ADMINISTRATION • • • • Architects: AllesWir dGut Architektur Area: 5820 m² Year: 2015 Manufacturers: Fund ermax Embelgasse Vocational School for Administration is an institution which was designed and built to provide the proper qualified level of practical education and learning environment. This educational purpose effected directly the main form of building, beside more factors like the site layout and location, and structure form and materials, and others. Embelgasse Vocational School was built in Austria city in Vienna in year 2015. It was constructed by Alleswirdgut Architektur which was founded in 1999 in Munchen by Ingrid Hora. This building design won the 1st prize place in the competition in 2011 which made it to be chosen for construction in 2015 under the supervision of Fundermax manufacturers. The Designer observed the surrounding area and created the needed site analysis to be able to achieve the chosen target of the building. So, he chose the most descriptive slogan or keyword for it … TRANSPARENT ADMINISTRATION … His target was to create a building which can be described by approachability, openness, and transparency. CLIMATE Depending on these studies, it was concluded that the building is located in a city (Vienna) which is characterized by being warm, muggy, precipitation, and clear sky view for most of year. It also showed that the building is enclosed between two building which means that it will have only two private elevations which can be used in designing process. Although these conditions are difficult but the designer tried to win these challenges by using the best Materials, Texture and Effect in the best location. CONCEPT He decided to focus on both elevations to achieve the transparency of the building. The designer created a direct imaginary vision line connecting both the parallel elevations by choosing to have double height large lobby open area, opened to both Front Main entrance and the Back secondary entrance. He also decided to use the clear transparent glass for both facades of the ground floor lobby. These two tricks allowed whoever is standing in front of the Main façade to be able to see the backward area of the building. MATERIAL Moreover, for the Main façade, it was decided by the designer to be constructed totally by using large reflective glass panels. This reflective glass material with thin aluminium and steel frames were smart choices, such that it reflected the whole surrounding area features specially the clear skies and clouds, which helped also in showing the building as if it’s totally Transparent. FRONT FACADE BACK FACADE However, Thanks to the Large Reflective Glass Surface used for the Main Façade and the Double Floor Lobby. Both Helped in connection the Inside Environment with Outside and reflect the surrounding Environment (Sky & Streets) Showing the Building to be Transparent, which is the one of the main targets to be achieved. Next comes the smart decision of creating a smooth straight circulation within the building to facilitate the movement of guests and students in the inner space without the need to memorize the complicated ways to reach a specific room. This helped to make the students minds more concentrated on the purpose of their stay which is Designing and Creativity, and helped to control the extent that can be reached by a guest who doesn’t know the building map or circulation. This smooth circulation plan was divided into two types which are the Horizontal Circulation planning and the Vertical Circulation planning. • For the Horizontal Circulation planning, the designer chose two main elements to make the best control. First element was the Custom Designed Linear Stair which was divided into two stages, the first part connected the Ground Floor Lobby with the First Floor by providing one middle landing due to big distance caused by the Double Height Lobby. The Second part connected the First floor with the Outer Open Terrace in the Second Floor. Second element was the position of used elevators, as it was not located in ground floor, instead it started from first floor till the roof level. The designer chose this method to control the movement of visitors and guests in the designed public area and prevent them to go in the semi-public or private zones of building. • For the Vertical Circulation planning, the designer chose to Locate the common services area in the middle of building and surrounded by the provided Direct Perpendicular Corridors which followed a designed 90-degree grid for space division to ease the movement of students within space and reduce the wasted areas and spaces as shown in the figure. As a result, these circulation strategies determined by designer affected the main strategy for inner spaces planning and spaces division according to the previously chosen grid, spaces functions, and privacy (Private – Semipublic – Public). Starting with Ground Floor Plan: - As shown in the Building Architectural Plan, - Circulation is so simple, direct and perpendicular routes. Only public areas that can be needed by first time guests and visitors are located in the ground floor, such as: - 1. Open green area for waiting, relaxation and as a calm area that may help students to boost their inspiration and creativity. 2. Open Exhibition and Rehabilitation Area provide that semi-enclosed and calm seating area for students, they may use it for Hangouts, Meeting, Gathering or Working. 3. Lobby and Reception which is the first area reached by any visitor or new students or even guests. Its responsible for new students’ registration and help Clients by giving them all required information and answering all their questions. Beside it’s the First Pin Point in te Building driving each one to their next space according to needed service. 4. Inner Conference Hall/ Presentation Hall / Auditorium / Theatre, that can be used for presenting latest products and works attached with a summarized describing presentation or discussion. Besides, publics waiting area for Guests and Candidates are to provide a good introduction about the whole place and building to guests and new candidates. 5. Basketball Playground that is determined to be the space responsible for sports, activities and entertainment. 6. Next is the First Floor Plan which clearly shows the different strategy followed for space planning and division. As it is showing starting from Fist floor, Vertical Circulation Elements are provided like lifts and shafts. Also, it was determined to specify this Floor only to include both Group and Solo Study and meeting rooms, Beside the Computer Labs to facilitate discussions and group work. 7. Finally Comes the Third Floor Plan which is Almost the same as the Second Floor Space Planning strategy but instead it is including the Studios, Open Designing Area, and Lecture Rooms. Plus, the open Terrace for better connect between inner and outer environments. 8. Starting from Fourth Floor till the Roof which is the Seventh floor, the designer determines to provide a typical floor which consists of only Lecture Rooms. Although The Designer made use of roof area to achieve sustainability by changing it to a green roof and act as rain water collector. HONGKONG DESIGN INSTITUTE • Architects: CAAU • Year: 2010 • Photographs: Sergio Pirrone • Landscape Architects: ACLA • Structural Engineering: Arup • MEP Engineering: PBA Hong Kong • Acoustics: SHEN, Milsom & Wilke The project tempts the Hong Kong community and future users with a solution that is highly tailored to educational requirements, mindful of the environment and local context, but also daring, ambitious, and extremely open from the outside. After 18 months of project development led on site by the CAAU practice, construction on the site begins in autumn 2008. The urban setting the building lies in the Tiu Keng Leng neighborhood of Hong Kong Island's Sai Kung district, close to Tseung Kwan O and Junk Bay. The region is accessible by the Tseung Kwan O line subway, which is 20 minutes from HK Central, as well as a subway station. Although the location is mostly residential and commercial, nature is very much present, as it is flanked by grassy hills and has a panoramic view of Junk Bay. By making its sports areas and auditoriums available to the community, the building, which is located in the heart of the area, may provide a meeting place for the community; at the same time, it will add energy to the social life of the area within the campus, as well as the numerous exhibitions and activities organized around the urban space it has created. The project offers a spatial reinterpretation of its built-up city context, where social relationships and communication abound in the various bases of buildings but fade away vertically; the extra height provided by one part of the program allows for interactions on various levels and creates new connections with the ground. THE CONCEPT The institute offers an "infrastructure” capable of producing design and of connecting it to the outside world. “The white sheet, the starting point of everything…” symbolizes the new Hong Kong Design Institute. The raising of the Institute enabled the base to be transformed into a large public space for interaction and the exchange of ideas, an urban space of which the key role is to encourage meetings and relaxation and to provide a natural green space. The Grid / Organizational System Flexibility of space. Therefore, connectivity to the city appears virtually natural. The “pillars of education” are incorporated in the complex. They accommodate the classrooms and support the institute. They join together to merge into the “aerial city” that provides services and quieter places. In this way, the Design Institute includes the operational components between the sky and the ground, a complex that is typical of Hong Kong. Coldefy & Associes Architectes Urbanistes felt the need to respond to this contradictory circumstances by lifting a part of the program into the air to create public spaces on the ground floor where students and community could interact; all functions of the podium are for educators and open to the public; galleries, cafes, bookshops, auditoriums, sport facilities, and a public garden on top. As a result, the library, which is shared by all of the design departments, serves as a platform for collaboration among all students. The four towers house various design departments and serve as the 'legs of education' that support the universe of ideas. THE ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT The "Blank Sheet," a metaphor for creativity ready to break forth, represents the project's intentions: gathering together and then showcasing the future Institute of Design's multidisciplinary character and goals. Each functional part is first dissected, then amalgamates, interpenetrates, or cuts itself off, providing the project with an immediate clarity from the exterior that resonates strongly in the city. Future collaborations with the neighbouring campus, LWL, are possible because to the adaptable and evolving design. The building's foundation, a massive " urban lounge," encourages meetings and exchanges while also taking use of internal and outdoor green areas and vistas of the countryside, therefore completing the city's connection. The podium, conceived as a landscaped extension of the ground, intimately linked to the urban environment on two levels – a common area and an outdoor gallery – is typical of Hong Kong infrastructures. It can accommodate several events because it is open and protected by the platform above. Four auditoriums, a café, an area for design industry interactions, a sports hall, and an exhibition hall make up the podium. Students and tourists from the surrounding area may enjoy an urban park and sports fields on the roof. GROUND FLOOR PLAN With these considerations in mind, the ground floor plaza serves as semi-public space for events and is accessible to the community at large; on top of that the campus facilities such as swimming pool & basketball courts are open to the public. Facilities such as the art gallery on ground floor, one of the largest in Hong Kong, are also connecting the communities to the creative activities of the Hong Kong design institute. FIRST FLOOR PLAN THE MATERIALS Three traditional materials, concrete, glass, and steel, are used in a radical design method to reduce a structure from another era to its most basic functions. The steel is employed as a structural skin for both the inside of the platform and the outside of the towers, and is treated into a white trellis. The platform's glass provides excellent permeability, heightening the sense of tension between the architectural features. The podium's structural cement is coupled with transparent facades to produce a significant aesthetic and spatial effect that goes beyond conventional practicality. THE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM The towers' overall stability is assured by a vertical steel trellis structure known as "diagrid," which is coupled with a traditional reinforced concrete beam-slab floor system. This steel "diagrid" arrangement provides outstanding lateral stiffness, sustaining both the floating platform and the escalator's 60-meter-long framework. Due to the use of a peripheral steel trellis structural system, HKDI is a groundbreaking project in Hong Kong. To support the floating platform, which spans an area of 100 m x 100 m, an innovative structure in composite reinforced concrete/steel trellis has been introduced and developed, with upper frameworks that are pre-stressed and post-stressed, diagonal beams in steel, and lower frameworks in reinforced concrete. In steel trelliswork, the composite trellises are either simply supported or set overhanging from the towers. Peripheral truss at sky-platform top chord by post-tensioning beam diagonals by steel section bottom chord by R.C. beam. They are utilized to support the beam-slab floor system in reinforced concrete and are uniformly distributed in two orthogonal directions on the floating platform. This composite structure not only provided stiffnes,stability and appropriate resistance to the floating platform, but it also allowed construction costs to be reduced.The architects were also obliged to build a 60-meter-long escalator structurethat was supported by a three-dimensional steel framework. In addition to the basic infrastructure design, the dynamic study performed ensured that the vibrations created by the escalator engines would not cause pain to users. The ability to build the floating platform, regardless of design, has been one of the primary issues since the beginning of the creative process. Following this assessment of the dangers, difficulties, and costs associated with construction, the in situ manufacturing approach with complicated on-site assembly methods was chosen. Finally, to minimize on-site pre-assembly labor, the bulk of subsidiary structural parts of the floating platform were created after the primary structures had been completed and the scaffolding that supported them had been removed. AN AERIAL PLATFORM The pristine and minimum volume of the platform, coated in screen-printed white glass, hovers above the buildings like "an airborne metropolis." It houses the library, the school administrative offices, and other associated areas. Its manicured roof is open to the public for special events. The Institute's essence, structure, and vertical distribution are all represented by the towers. They reflect the breadth and uniqueness of the disciplines featured at the Design Institute. Their presence draws attention to the platform immateriality, a poetic sensation and reflection of a creative environment. This overall composition, emerging from the interpenetration of interlinked elements, defines the Institute as a timeless building and unveils its ambition of synergy, of a cutting-edge school, of publicity and interactivity, destined to become a bright beacon in the city. SECTION A careful examination of the surrounds reveals a typical Hong Kong setting, with a mass of people congregating on the podiums, which are packed with transit, shops, restaurants, and other leisure activities, but isolation sets in as one ascends into the residential towers. The decomposition of programmatic elements as architectural components resulted in the decomposition of programmatic elements as architectural components such as vertical towers and horizontal spaces engaging with public and landscaped spaces, a shared space connecting functions, and a diagonal connector expressing mobility while experiencing the different levels of the building. These elements include a reimagining of the city within the city, as well as a gathering space. FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE The open layout of the exhibition hall can be adapted for separate events, and all public spaces are multifunctional, serving as exhibition rooms, leisure sitting areas, and conduct performance spaces. In the towers, all (class)rooms are column-free — they are open spaces that may be filled in, partitioned, or structured as desired. The roof garden on the top level functions as an outdoor recreational space for building users, students utilize the roof for a variety of purposes, and the location is ideal for hosting events. All of the facilities' flexibility gives for greater opportunities to engage the public and students in using and socializing with the various public areas. In such a crowded location, circulation design is critical for efficiently integrating the program to the community and its nearby institutions. The escalator landings on the bottom and top floors efficiently transport students from the entrance to the crucial social spaces and Learning Resources center. - Lift landings are meant to disperse students to strategic learning spaces/floors, according to the circulation plan. - Motion sensors for escalators have been fitted (energy saving control) - Escalator wind sensor (escalators will cease working automatically if there is a strong wind). SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES • TREE PRESERVATION AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN Offsite tree transplantation during the building process has aided in the preservation of existing trees.The green ratio of the project was also improved by new tree planting at the podium garden and the street level green space. Communities all around the structure are surrounded by a large green slope.The 9th-floor roof garden additionally acts as an outdoor recreational space and a green roof at the top of the towers to improve urban vegetation and the roof's thermal efficiency. • CROSS VENTILATION Cross ventilation relies on the movement of air between the two sides of a building's envelope owing to pressure differentials between the two sides' apertures (air goes from the windward to the leeward side). Building ventilation is required to remove ‘stale' air and replace it with 'fresh' air: Assisting in the regulation of interior temperatures. Moisture, smells, and other gases that might accumulate during occupied times are reduced. • DAYLIGHT Skylights bring natural light into the plaza's interior and offer illumination for all activities. While allowing natural light into the sky platform, the low-emission glass wall also limits heat gain and glare. Each tower also has an empty space around it that passes through the platform, allowing natural light to be spread all around.
