www.lawcommission.gov.np lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt @)%).#.@* ;+zf]wg != lghfdtL ;]jf -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%) @)%).&.# @= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% @)%%.(.!( #= lghfdtL ;]jf -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%^ @)%^.$.@& $= lghfdtL ;]jf -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)%( @)%(.!).@# %= lghfdtL ;]jf -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^) @)^).(.!) ^= lghfdtL ;]jf -kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^! @)^!. %.@* 1 &= lghfdtL ;]jf -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^! @)^!.!@.! *= lghfdtL ;]jf -;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^$ @)^$.*.@) (= lghfdtL ;]jf -cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^& @)^&.%.!% lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf &% n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf lgodx¿ agfPsf] 5 . kl/R5]b– ! k|f/lDes != ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ oL lgodx¿sf] gfd ælghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%)Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 . @= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf,– -s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( ;Demg'k5{ . -v_ æljefuLo k|d'vÆ eGgfn] cg';"rL– ! df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;Demg'k5{ . -u_ æsfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] cg';"rL– @ df tf]lsPsf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v ;Demg'k5{ . -3_ æOsfO sfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] sfof{no k|d'v dftxtsf OsfO sfof{nosf k|d'v ;Demg'k5{ . 1 of] lgodfjnL @)^@ ;fn j}zfv ! ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] . 1 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np #= o; lgodfjnLsf] JofVofM -!_ s'g} clwsf/Ln] o; lgodfjnLsf] s'g} lgod k|of]u ubf{ u/]sf] JofVofaf6 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dsf{ k/]df lghn] 2g]kfn ;/sf/, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bgsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] JofVofnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;DalGwt ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf] hfgsf/L tyf dfu{bz{gsf] lgldQ k7fpg]5 . #s= Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM jlwM -!_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] P]]gsf] bkmf 3 &@s= adf]lhd cfsl:ds ¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;a} lgsfox¿df cfnf]kfnf] u/L Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] cfˆgf] dftxtsf ljefu / lgsfox¿nfO{ ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhd Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ug{ nufO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿n] ;DalGwt clen]v tyf sfuhftx¿ b]vfpg' kg]{5 . 4 -$_ P]gsf] bkmf &@s= adf]lhdsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ePsf] Joj:yfkg k/LIf0fsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs u/L Joj:yfkg k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lgsfodf k7fpg]5 . To:tf] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt s}lkmot, ;'emfj jf clgoldttf km5\of}{6 ug]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfo{fno k|d'vsf] x'g]5 . 5 -%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt s}lkmot, ;'emfj jf clgoldttf km5of{}6 gug]{ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] cjlw tf]sL km5\of}{6sf] nflu n]vL k7fpg]5 . o;/L tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq To:tf] s}lkmot, ;'emfj jf clgoldttf km5\of}{6 gug]{ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug]{5 . 2 3 4 5 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 2 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kl/R5]b– @ ;+u7g ;+/rgf / kb Joj:yf 6 $= ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbL ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ s'g} sfof{nosf] ;+u7gsf] :j¿k tof/ ug]{ jf ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf x]/km]/ ug]{ jf :yfoL kb ;[hgf jf vf/]h ug]{ :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbg leq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg] 5 / ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;f] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbg leqdf b/aGbL clen]v cBfjlws u/L To;sf]hfgsf/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ ;+u7gsf] :j¿k tof/ ug]{ jf ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf x]/k]m/ ug]{ qmddf :yfoL kb ;[hgf jf x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]df yk jf x]/k]m/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] kbsf] sfo{ljj/0f ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmdsf] nflu :jLs[t c:yfoL b/aGbLdf lghfdtL ;]jfsf :yfoL lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf v6fO{ sfd sfh u/fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] b/aGbLdf :yfoL sd{rf/Laf6 kbk"lt{ x'g g;s]df cfof]hgf k|d'v, n]vf k|d'v / lhG;L ;+/Ifs -:6f]/lsk/_ afx]ssf cGo kbdf ;]jf s/f/af6 sfdsfh u/fpg' kg]{5 . -$_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox¿n] ljleGg sfo{s|d ;+rfngsf] nflu bft[ lgsfo / bft[ ;+:yf;Fu ;+emf}tf ubf{ To:tf sfo{s|dnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQmsf] ljifo klg pNn]v x'g cfPdf ;+emf}tf ug'{ k"j{ hgzlQmsf] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / cy{ dGqfnosf] ;d]t ;xdlt lng' kg]{5 . %= ljz]if kbsf] l;h{gfMfM -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ljz]if kb l;h{gf ug{ ;lsg]5M– -s_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf k'Ug sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:yltn] ubf{ l9nf ePdf, -v_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfhdf v6fpFbf ;fljs sfof{nosf] sfdsfh ug{ gEofpg] ePdf, -u_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L tflnd, 5fqj[lQ, ;]ldgf/ cflbdf vl6Pdf, 6 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 3 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -3_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] Ps dlxgfeGbf a9L labf lnO{ a;]df . 7 -ª_ P]gsf] bkmf &s= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd l/Qm x'g] kb dfu u/L k7fOPsf]df To:tf] kb l/Qm gx'Fb} nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 sd{rf/L l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPdf . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljz]if kb l;h{gf ubf{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] 8;xdlt lnO{ /fhkqf+lst kbsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfno, cfof]u jf ;lrjfnosf] ;lr:t/af6 / /fhkq cg+lst kbsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v :t/af6 lg0f{o x'g' kg]{5 . t/ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 9-s_, -u_ / -ª_ sf] cj:yfdf Ps dlxgfeGbf sd cjlwsf] nflu ljz]if kb l;h{gf ug'{k/]df ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lng' kg]{ 5}g . 10 -#_ pklgod -!_ sf] cj:yf ljBdfg g/x]df To;/L l;h{gf ePsf] ljz]if kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 . ^= kb btf{ ug]{M ;DalGwt dGqfnon] P]gsf] bkmf ^s= adf]lhd l;h{gf ePsf 11 kbx¿sf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"x Pj+ >]0fL;d]t v'Ng] u/L kb l;h{gf ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq clgjfo{ ¿kdf lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf kb btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L kb btf{ u/]kl5 To;sf] hfgsf/L lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, cy{ dGqfno / ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L kb btf{ ePsf] hfgsf/L kfPkl5 dfq kb k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . &= lghfdtL kbx¿M P]gsf] bkmf % adf]lhd lghfdtL ;]jfsf ljleGg >]0fLx¿ cGtu{t /xg] kbx¿ ;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"x;DaGwL lgodx¿df pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g]5g\ . *= ;d"x tyf pk– pk–;d"xx¿M P]gsf] bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lghfdtL ;]jfdf /xg] ;d"x tyf pk–;d"xx¿ cg';"rL– # adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . 7 8 9 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 10 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 11 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 4 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np *s=;] *s=;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ cfwf/M g]kfn ;/sf/n] P]gsf] 12 bkmf @^ adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/jt{g ubf{ b]xfosf cfwf/x¿ ckgfpg' kg]{5M– -s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jt{g ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"xsf] nflu ;f] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ul/Padf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] / To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] bIftf / cg'ej kl/jt{g ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"xnfO{ cTofjZos ePsf] . -v_ kl/jt{g ug{ vf]lhPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ ckof{Kt ePsf] . (= 13 sfo{ ljj/0fM -!_ lghfdtL kbx¿sf] cg';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ljj/0f ;DalGwt ;lrj, ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'vn] nfu" ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] sfo{ ljj/0fsf] Ps k|lt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ b]xfosf kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f b]xfosf] kbflwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug]{5g\ M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjsf], g]kfn ;/sf/n], -v_ /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf], d'Vo ;lrjn], -u_ v08 -v_ afx]s dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf cGo s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ / ljefuLo k|d'vsf], ;DalGwt ;lrj jf /fhkqflÍt ljlzi7 >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln], -3_ v08 -v_ / -u_ df pNn]v ul/Psf jfx]s ljefu, If]q, c~rn ,l8lehg, lhNnf / O{nfsf :t/sf sfof{nosf /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf], ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vn], -ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fL ljxLg kbx¿sf], ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] . 12 13 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 5 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -#_ of] lgod k|f/De x'Fbfsf jvt axfn /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{ ljj/0f of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] 5 dlxgf leq ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Ln] :jLs[t u/L nfu" u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . -$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ljj/0fdf d"Nof+Íg ug{ ;lsg] j:t'ut cfwf/x¿ ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 / k|To]s sfo{sf] ;"rsfÍ cfwf/ ;d]t tf]Sg' kg]{5 . -%_ sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf ;DjlGwt dGqfnon] dftxtsf ljefux¿sf], ljefun] dftxtsf sfo{fnox¿sf] / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;a} dGqfno÷ ;lrjfno÷cfof]u jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] cg'udg ug]{5 . -^_ P]g / o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" gug]{] ;lrj jf ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] l;kmfl/;df clVtof/jfnfn] ;r]t u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L ;r]t u/fpFbf ;d]t sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" gu/]df lghnfO{ P]g tyf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug'[{ kg]{5 . -&_ sfo{ ljj/0fdf pNn]v ePsf] ;"rsfÍsf] sfo{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . -*_ k|To]s /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0fsf cfwf/df cfk"mn] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{sf] jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlw leq sfof{no k|d'vaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ ;f] cg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ of] lgod k|f/De eP kl5 klxnf] k6s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] bf];|f] rf}dfl;s cjlwleq To:tf] sfo{ of]hgf agfpg ;Sg]5g\ . !)= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] clen]vM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f tyf cGo clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf /flvg]5 . 14- !s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f tyf cGo clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqfno, ;lrjfno, ljefu, sfof{no, ;+j}wflgs c+u tyf lgsfo / ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ ;do–;dodf cfjZos ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . 14 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 6 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ ;]jf ;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf ljefu / sfof{nox¿n] klg cfˆgf]] dftxtsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf] clen]v;Fu b'?:t x'g] u/L cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . 15 -#_ lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;]jf, ;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf ljefu / sfof{nox¿n] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f tyf clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf] clen]v;“u b'?:t x'g] u/L cBfjlws u/L /fv]sf] g/fv]sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ lg/LIf0f ug]{5 . o;/L lg/LIf0fubf{ s'g} q'l6 km]nf k/]df lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] To:tf] q'l6 ;'wf/ ug{ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ljefu jf sfof{nonfO{ ;"lrt ug]{5 . o;/L ;"lrt u/]sf q'l6x¿ ;'wf/ ug'{ ;DalGwt ljefu jf sfof{nosf] st{Jo x'g]5 . lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;"lrt u/]sf q'l6x¿ tLg dlxgfleq ;'wf/ gug]{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ljefuLo sf/afxL ug]{ u/fpg]5 . 16 -$_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqfno, ;lrjfno, ljefu, sfof{no / ;+j}wflgs c+u tyf lgsfoaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . o;/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf clen]v lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] cBfjlws u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;do– ;dodf lg/LIf0f ug]{5 . o;/L lg/LIf0f ubf{ q'l6x¿ km]nf kg{ uPdf tLg dlxgfleqdf To:tf q'l6x¿ ;'wf/ ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ ;"lrt ug]{5 . o;/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;"lrt u/]sf] cjlwdf q'l6x¿ ;'wf/ gu/]df ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lghfdtL lstfavfgfsf k|d'vnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug]{5 . 17 !)s= clen]v Jojl:yt ug'{ kg] kg]{ M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, kb:yfkg ePsf], cf}ifwL pkrf/ lnPsf] tyf cWoog labf, c;fwf/0f labf, k|;'tL labf, k|;'tL :ofxf/ labf / a]tnjL ljbf lnPsf] ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfjvfgfdf /x]sf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0fdf cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ gofF lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ k|dfl0ft u/L ;Í]t gDa/ k|fKt gu/L tnj eQf e'QmfgL ul/g]5}g . 15 16 17 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 7 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] /sd e'QmfgL lbFbf e'QmfgL lbg] /sd ;DaGwL clen]v lghfdtL lstfjvfgfdf cBfjlws gu/L e'QmfgL lbOg] 5}g . -$_ o; lgoddf pNn]v ePsf ljifodf clen]v /fVg] k|of]hgsf] nflu n]vL cfPsf]df lghfdtL lstfjvfgfn] ;f]xL lbg jf ;f] lbg ;Dej gePdf ;f]sf] ef]nL kN6 ;Dddf clen]v Jojl:yt u/L l56f] ;fwgåf/f ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -%_ o; lgod adf]lhd clen]v cBfjlws gu/L lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo x'g]5 . !!= kb geO{ sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug{ gx'g]M -!_ s'g} klg sfof{nodf kb l/Qm geO{ jf kb l;h{gf geO{ sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug'{ xF'b}g . -@_ pklgod -!_ ljk/Lt s'g} sd{rf/L lgo'Qm u/L tna v'jfPdf To;/L v'jfPsf] tna /sd lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/Laf6 c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 . !@= kb vf/]h x'g]M 18 -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} kb l;h{gf jf l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dd :yfoL kb k"lt{ gePdf pQm kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 . o;/L vf/]h ePsf] kb;DaGwL ljj/0f ;DalGwt lgsfon] To:tf] kb vf/]h ePsf] ;ft lbgleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kn] lbg'kg]{5 . To:tf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePkl5 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;f]sf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . t/ nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 kb k"lt{sf] nflu sf/afxL eO/x]sf] / a9'jfsf] sf/afxL z'? eO;s]sf] kb vf/]h x'g] 5}g . -!s_ s'g} kbsf ;DaGwdf a9'jf jf nf]s;]jf cfof]udf kb k"lt{sf] 19 sf/afxL eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kn] lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ePsf kbx¿sf] ;"rgf lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, cy{ dGqfno / ;]jf;DaGwL dGqfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . 18 19 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 8 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd Ps jif{ ;Dd l/Qm eO{ kb vf/]h ePsf] 20 ljj/0f glbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf ^) sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd klbo bfloTj lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s k"/f gu/]sf] dfgL clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{5 . t/ >]0fL ljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf d'Vo sfo{ / ;xfos sfo{ ug]{ kb 5'6\ofO{ ;s] kl5 dfq of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 . kl/R5]b– # kbk"lt{ / kbflwsf/ !#= :yfoL lghfdtL sd{rf/L dfu ug]{M -!_ s'g} /fhkqf+lst kb gofF ;[hgf ePdf jf 21 s'g} tl/sfaf6 l/Qm ePdf ;ft lbgleq ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]un] To:tf] kb;Fu ;DalGwt ljj/0f ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePkl5 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lghfdtL lstfavfgf / cfkm";Fu /x]sf] clen]v;Fu le8fO{ k|To]s b'O{ dlxgfdf cfjZos ljj/0f ;lxt nf]s;]jf cfof]udf kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ s'g} /fhkq cg+lst kb gofF ;[hgf ePdf jf s'g} tl/sfaf6 l/Qm ePdf b'O{ dlxgfleq ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] To:tf] kb;Fu ;DalGwt ljj/0f ;lxt nf]s;]jf cfof]udf :yfoL lghfdtL sd{rf/L dfu u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 / ;f] sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno 22 tyf lghfdtL lstfjvfgfnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg kmflhndf 23 /x]sf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ l/Qm kbdf ldnfg u/]/ dfq afFsL kbdf kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . 24 -$_ P]gsf] bkmf &s= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cfly{s jif{ leq l/Qm x'g] kb dfu ubf{ kb l/Qm x'g] cfwf/ / sf/0f :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 . unt ljj/0f /fvL kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ul/g]5 .Æ 25 !#s= l/Qm kbsf] ljj/0f M l/Qm /x]sf / rfn' cfly{s jif{ el/df pd]/sf cfwf/df clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g] /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L 20 21 22 23 24 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 9 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] ;f] ljj/0f ;DalGwt sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf k|sfzg u/L kbk"lt{sf] nflu ;fpg dlxgfsf] kGw| ut] ;Dddf nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg' kg]{5 . 26 !$= kbk"lt{ k|ltztsf] cfwf/df kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f M -!_ lgod !# adf]lhd sd{rf/L dfu ;DaGwL ljj/0f k|fKt eP kl5 nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] l/Qm kbx¿ dWo] P]gsf] bkmf & adf]lhd v'nf k|ltof]lutf, sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgaf6 x'g] a9'jfsf] ;dfof]hgåf/f k"lt{ x'g] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kb;+VofdWo] ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k"lt{ x'g] kb;+Vof ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -&_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kdf k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghftL, dw]zL, blnt ;d'bfosf] ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . t/ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L gtf]s];Ddsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghftL, dw]zL, blntnfO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kdf k5fl8 k/]sf] ;d'bfo dflgg]5 . -$_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd 5'§ofOPsf kbdf b/vf:t lbFbf b]xfosf cfwf/df lbg' kg]{5 M– -s_ cflbjf;L÷hghftLsf xsdf g]kfn cflbjf;L÷hghftL pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"lrs[t ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f]xL ;"rLsf] cfwf/df, t/ g]kfn cflbjf;L÷hghftL pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"rLs[t ePsf] hflt leq Ps eGbf a9L y/x¿ ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hflt leqsf] y/ egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . 25 26 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 10 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ blntsf xsdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"lrs[t ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f]xL ;"rLsf] cfwf/df, t/ /fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"lrs[t ePsf] hflt leq Ps eGbf a9L y/x¿ ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hflt leqsf] y/ egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -u_ ckfËsf xsdf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] l;kmfl/;df ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbaf6 ckfËtf k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df, -3_ dw];Lsf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;'rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfaf6 dw]zL egL k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df, t/ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;+:yf gtf]s];Dd ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 dw];L egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -ª_ lk5l8Psf] If]qsf xsdf P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -&_ df pNn]v ePsf lhNnfdf :yfoL a;f]jf; pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt lhNnfaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq tyf ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfaf6 xfn ;f]xL :yfgdf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] egL k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df . -%_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg / cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgaf6 x'g] a9'jfsf] ;dfof]hgåf/f k"lt{ ug{ 5'6\ofOPsf] kbsf nflu s'g} pDd]bjf/ gePdf ;f] jif{sf] To:tf] kb sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f ul/g] a9'jfsf] kbdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . 27 !$s= kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t kbdWo] s'g kb s'g lsl;dsf ckf+ux¿sf] nflu cg'ko'Qm x'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!$_ adf]lhd dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf :yfoL kbdf sfo{/t dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] aLrdf k|lt:kwf{ u/fpFbf dlxnf ljsf; 27 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 11 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ljefu cGtu{tsf ljleGg lhNnf l:yt dlxnf ljsf; sfof{noaf6 ;+rflnt dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf ljsf;af6 ;fwf/0fdf kl/0ft ePsf :yfoL kbsf nflu k|lt:kwf{ u/fOg]5 . o;/L k|lt:kwf{ u/fpFbf ;dfg kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿aLrdf dfq k|lt:kwf{ u/fOg]5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIffdf ;xeflu gePsf jf ;xefuL eO{ c;kmn ePsf JolQmnfO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOg]5 . 28 !%=Go" !%=Go"gtd of]Uotf M P]gsf] bkmf ^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd lghfdtL ;]jfsf ;d"x tyf pk–;d"xx¿df /xg] ljleGg kbx¿sf] nflu rflxg] Go"gtd of]Uotf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x ;DaGwL lgodx¿df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . !^= lgo'lQm ug]{ k|lqmofM P]gsf] bkmf * adf]lhd nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 v'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f l;kmfl/; ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; kq bflvnf ePsf] ldltn] /fhkqf+lst kbsf] xsdf b'O{ dlxgfleq / /fhkq cg+lst kbsf] xsdf kGw| lbgleq clVtof/jfnfn] lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 / o:tf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf l56f] ;fwgåf/f ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/n] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf gkfPdf jf ;"rgf lkmtf{ cfPdf ;fj{hlgs kqklqsfdf Ps dlxgfsf] Dofb lbO{ ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/nfO{ lgo'lQm kq a'‰g cfpg ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/g]5 . ;f] Dofbleq klg lgo'lQm kq a'‰g gcfPdf pko'{Qm l;kmfl/;df k/]sf] j}slNks pDd]bjf/nfO{ of]Uotf qmdfg';f/ lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] lgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf lgo'lQm u/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq nf]s;]jf cfof]udf k7fpg' kg]{5 . !&= lgo'lQm kq lbg] jf /2 ug]{M -!_ b]xfosf] clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm u/]sf] jf lgo'lQm /2 u/]sf] kq lbg]5M– -s_ /fhkqf+lst lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ 29 ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x 30 ;DaGwL dGqfnosf] ;lrj, -v_ /fhkq cg+lst tyf >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/jfnf . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm kq lb+bf ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] lghn] axfnL ug'{kg]{ ldlt ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . axfnL ug{sf] lgldQ s'g} vf; ldlt tf]lsPsf] eP ;f]xL ldltdf / s'g} ldlt gtf]lsPsf]df To:tf] 28 29 30 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 12 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lgo'lQm kq a'lemlnPsf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s k}+tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] axfnL ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ cfˆgf]] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]sf] ;k|df0f hfgsf/L lbPdf afx]s pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq axfnL gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm kq lgo'lQm lbg] clwsf/Ln] /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L lgo'lQm kq /2 ul/Psf] hfgsf/L nf]s;]jf cfof]unfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ /fhkqcglÍt tyf >]0fL ljxLg sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd 31 lbOg] lgo'lQmkqdf P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -&_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] c~rndf bz jif{ cjlw k"/f x'g] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . !*= sa'lnot u/fpg] jf wg hdfgL lng]M s'g} lghfdtL kbdf lgo'lQm kfpg] sd{rf/Lsf] sfdsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ wg hdfgL lng' jf sa'lnot u/fpg' kg]{ cfjZostf ePdf ;f] sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] sa'lnot jf wg hdfgL glbP;Dd lghnfO{ lgo'lQmkq lbOg] 5}g . !(= lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq k]z ug'{ kg]{M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmn] cg';"rL– % adf]lhd lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq k]z gu/L lghnfO{ lghfdtL kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g . -@_ lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f :jLs[t lrlsT;saf6 k|fKt ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . @)= zkyu|x0fM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !$ adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL– ^ adf]lhd zkyu|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd zkyu|x0f u/fpFbf /fhkqf+lst kbsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] / /fhkq cg+lst kb tyf >]0fLljxLg kbsf] xsdf clVtof/jfnfn] zkyu|x0f u/fpg]5 . -#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] zkyu|x0fsf] Psk|lt lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 / csf]{ k|lt ;f] sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{nodf /fVg' kg]{5 . @!= ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf sd{rf/Ln] ;kmfO kfPdf kb:yfkg ug]{M -!_ ;]jfaf6 32 x6fOPsf s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} cbfntsf] lg0f{oaf6 lghsf] ;]jf k'g:yf{lkt 31 32 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 13 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np x'g] ePdf ;f]sf] lg0f{osf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq ;DalGwt dGqfnodf xflh/ x'g hfg' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ sf] Dofbleq xflh/ x'g ghfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ kb:yfkg ul/g] 5}g . @@= j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd -l;6/f]n_ / lstfa btf{M -!_ clVtof/jfnfn] k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cg';"rL– & adf]lhd kfFr k|lt j}olQms ljj/0f tof/ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] j}olQms ljj/0f of] lgodfjnL k|f/De 33 x'Fbfsf avt sfo{/t s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ge/]sf] eP of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq / gofF lgo'lQm x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq clgjfo{ ¿kdf e/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . pQm Dofbleq klg j}olQms ljj/0f geg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] tna /f]Ssf ul/g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] j}olQms ljj/0fsf] Ps k|lt lstfa btf{ u/fpg lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf, Ps k|lt ;f] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;d"x;DaGwL dGqfnodf, Ps k|lt ljefudf, Ps k|lt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf / Ps k|lt ;f] sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{nodf /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/L axfn /x]sf] sfof{nodf /flvPsf] j}olQms ljj/0f ;f] sd{rf/L cGoq ;?jf ePdf cljnDa ;f]xL sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . 34 -$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu k|fKt x'g cfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] btf{ u/L To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] hGd ldlt / P]gsf] bkmf ## adf]lhd clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g] ldlt ;d]t ls6fg u/L j}olQms ljj/0f k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg' kg]{5 / o;/L hGd ldlt / pd]/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] cfjZos k/]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/L;Fu 35 cfjZos ;Ssn k|df0fx¿ ;d]t k]z ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 . 36 -%_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf]] j}olQms ljj/0fdf s'g} ljj/0f ;dfj]z ug'{ k/]df To:tf] ljj/0f cfˆgf]] sfof{no dfkm{t\ lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' 33 34 35 36 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 14 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kg]{5 / To;/L k|fKt ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno tyf ;DalGwt sd{rf/L / sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . @#= Ps kbdf PseGbf PseGbf a9L sd{rf/L :yfoL lgo'lQm ug{ gx'g]M Pp6f :yfoL kbdf Ps} ;dodf PseGbf a9L JolQmnfO{ :yfoL lgo'lQm ug'{ x'“b}g . 37 @$= ================ @%= nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 lgwf{l/t sfo{ljlw gk'¥ofO{ lgo'lQm ug{ gx'g]M -!_ nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 k|Tofof]lht clwsf/adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] kbdf lgo'Qm ubf{ lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To:tf] kbsf] ;DaGwdf lj1fkg u/L nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 lgwf{l/t k|lqmof / zt{sf] kfng ul/sg dfq lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 . 38 -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] kbdf lgwf{l/t k|lqmof / zt{sf] kfngf gu/L lgo'lQm u/]sf] b]lvPdf 39 =====================nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 clgoldt lgo'lQm ePsf] egL n]vL cfPdf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ Ps dlxgfleq ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ubf{ lgwf{l/t k|lqmof / zt{sf] kfng gu/L lgo'Qm u/]df To;/L lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{kg]{5 . 40 kl/R5]b– $ ljz]if1 kb;DaGwL Joj:yf @^= ljz]if1 kbM of]Uotf, cg'ej / sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L ljz]if1tfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu geO{ gx'g] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L lghfdtL ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst >]0fLsf] s'g} vf; kbnfO{ ljz]if1 kb tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;"rgfdf ;f] kbnfO{ rflxg] ljz]if of]Uotf;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 . @&= ;?jfM -!_ tf]lsPsf] ;]jf, ;d"x / pk–;d"xleq ;Lldt /xg] u/L ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd, st{Jo ;Dkfbg ug]{ lhDd]jf/Ldf km/s gkg]{ u/L ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;?jf ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L cfˆgf]] kb;lxt ;?jf x'g]5 . 37 38 39 40 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 15 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np @*= a9'jfM -!_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ a9'jf ;ldltn] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df ug]{5 . -@_ a9'jf ;ldltn] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ o; ;DaGwdf lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf] cfwf/df ug]{5 / o;sf] nflu cfjZos 7fg]df ljz]if1 ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dflyNnf] >]0fLdf a9'jf ubf{ sd{rf/L axfn /x]sf] kbnfO{ g} pko'Qm bhf{ /fvL dflyNnf] >]0fLdf kl/0ft ul/g]5 . o;/L kl/0ft ul/Psf] kb l/Qm ePkl5 :jtM z'? lgo'lQm x'g] kbdf sfod x'g]5 . -$_ ljz]if1 kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] cGo s'g} klg a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}g . -%_ Ps >]0fLaf6 csf]{ >]0fLdf a9'jf x'g axfn /x]sf] >]0fLsf] kbdf kfFr jif{ ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . @(= ljz]if1 kb;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfM ljz]if1 kbsf ;DaGwdf o; kl/R5]bdf n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo ljifox¿ ;]jf ;d"x;DaGwL lgodx¿df tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 . kl/R5]b– % >]0fLljxLg tyf 41/fhkq /fhkqcglÍ kqcglÍt cglÍt kfFrf} >]0fLsf fLsf kb;DaGwL Joj:yf #)= >]0fL ljxLg ljxLg tyf /fhkqcglÍt /fhkqcglÍt kfFrf}+ >]0fLsf] kb M -!_ cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ;Lk 42 ljsf; x'g] Ps} k|sf/sf] sfo{ k|s[lt ePsf cg';"rL–* adf]lhdsf kbx¿ >]0fL ljxLg kb dflgg]5g\ . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf >]0fL ljxLg kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd >]0fLdf cfj4 x'g rfx]df /fhkq cglÍt kfFrf} >]0fLdf sfod ul/g]5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd /fhkq cglÍt kfFrf} >]0fLdf sfod x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;fljsdf vfO{ kfO{ cfPsf] tnj 36\g] 5}g . -$_ /fhkq cglÍt kfFrf} >]0fLdf sfod ePsf / ;f] >]0fL tyf >]0fL ljxLg kb ;lxt P]gsf] bkmf @)s= adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/L 41 42 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 16 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np clgjfo{ cjsfz x'Fbf lghnfO{ ;f] bkmf adf]lhd /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fL]]sf] kbdf a9'jf u/L cjsfz lbOg]5 . -%_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhdsf] cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds kl/Iffdf /fhkq cglÍt kfFrf}+ >]0fLdf sfod ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]t ;xeflu x'g ;Sg]5g\ . #!= kbk"lt{M -!_ >]0fLljxLg kbx¿df gofF lgo'lQmåf/f kbk"lt{ ubf{ :jLs[t tnadfgsf] z'?sf] tna kfpg] u/L lgo'Qm ul/g]5 . -@_ >]0fLa4 kbx¿ >]0fLljxLg kbdf kl/0ft ePdf ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ldnfg ubf{ ;fljsdf lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] cfwf/df >]0fLljxLg kbsf] nflu :jLs[t tnadfgsf] pko'Qm / ldNbf] :yfgdf tf]lsg]5 . #@= ;?jfM -!_ >]0fLljxLg tyf /fhkqflÍt kfFrf}+ >]0fLsf kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL 43 sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ;dfg k|s[ltsf] 44 >]0fL ljxLg tyf /fhkqcglÍt kfFrf}+ >]0fLsf kbdf x'g ;Sg]5 . 45 -@_ >]0fL ljxLg tyf /fhkqcglÍt kfFrf} >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf dftxt sfof{nox¿df eP sfof{no k|d'vn] / cGo sfof{nox¿df eP ljefuLo k|d'vn] ug{]5 . 46 ##= :t/ j[l4M of] lgod k|f/De eP kl5 P]gsf] bkmf @$3@= adf]lhd >]0fL ljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] :t/ j[l4 ubf{ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf] ef]nLkN6 b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :t/j[l4 ul/g]5 . t/ P]gsf] bkmf !*ª= adf]lhd ;hfosf] clen]v /x]sf]df ;f]sf] ;dofjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ef]lnkN6b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :t/ j[l4 ug'{ kg]{5 . kl/R5]b– ^ kb:yfkg / ;?jf 47 #$= 48 =========== #$s=kb:yfkg #$s=kb:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & cg';f/ v'nf tyf a9'jfåf/f l;kmfl/; ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] z'? kb:yfkgf ubf{ To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ l/Qm 43 44 45 46 47 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . . . . . 17 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kbx¿sf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ lghx¿sf] ?rL tyf rfxgfsf] k|fyldstfqmd sfod ug{ nufO{ l;kmfl/; of]Uotfqmd cg';f/ /f]h]sf] :yfgdf kb:yfkg ul/g]5 . t/ ;]jf k|j]z tflnd kZrft kb:yfkgf x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf To:tf] tflnd lbg] ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt tflndsf] of]Uotfqmd ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lng ;lsg]5 . -@_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ kb:yfkg ug'{ kg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] nflu ;DalGwt dGqfnon] kb:yfkgsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf ljifo ;d]t v'nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . #$v= sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Demf} ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf -@_ 49 adf]lhd cg';"rL–*s= df plNnlvt kbflwsf/L;Fu sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljefusf] ljefuLo k|d'v jf ljefu:t/sf] sfof{no k|d'vsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf ;lrj / ljefuLo k|d'v jf ljefu:t/Lo sfof{no k|d'v aLrdf, -v_ cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] xsdf dGqfno cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf ePdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj / cfof]hgf k|d'vaLrdf, ljefu cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf ePdf ;DalGwt ljefusf] ljefuLo k|d'v / cfof]hgf k|d'v aLrdf tyf sfof{no cGtu{ tsf] cfof]hgf ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v / cfof]hgf k|d'v aLrdf, -u_ sfof{no k|d'vsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ljefusf] ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'v aLrdf tyf ljefu g/x]sf sfof{nosf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj / sfof{no k|d'v aLrdf . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'/fx¿ v'nfOPsf] x'g' kg]{5 M– -s_ 48 49 ljefu jf cfof]hgf jf sfof{nosf] nIo, ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 18 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ jh]6, hgzQmL / cGo ;fwg ;|f]t, -u_ nIo xfl;n ug]{ ;do l;df, -3_ k|fKt x'g' kg]{ glthf jf ck]lIft pknJwL, -ª_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] ;"rsfÍ, -r_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf /2 ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfx¿, -5_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos clwsf/x¿, -h_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tfsf zt{x¿, -em_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx¿ . -#_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf cg';f/sf] sfo{ eP gePsf] jf/]df ;DjlGwt dGqfno / ljefun] lgoldt ¿kdf cg'udg ug]{5 . -$_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] jflif{s ;ldIff ug{sf nflu ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;+of]hsTjdf cy{ dGqfno, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno, ;DalGwt dGqfno / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf k|ltlglw /x]sf] Ps ;ldlt /xg] 5 . -%_ cfˆgf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]df afx]s sfo{;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf adf]lhd pQd ¿kdf sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df To:tf] ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ b'O{ jif{ ;Dd s'g} klg k|d'v kbsf] ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbOg] 5}g . -^_ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] Ps k6s eGbf a9L pklgod -%_ adf]lhd sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df lghnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo x'g]5 . t/ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd Ps k6s ljz]if lhDd]jf/Lsf] kbaf6 x6]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lglZrt ;do kl5 k'gM To:tf] lhDd]jf/L k|fKt u/L ;Gtf]ifhgs sfo{ k|ult b]vfPdf o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfwf/sf] ¿kdf ;f] eGbf klxn]sf] ljz]if lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] k|ultsf] Go"gtfnfO{ u0fgf ug{ ;lsg] 5}g -&_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tfsf zt{x¿ / jflif{s ;ldIffsf] ljj/0f To:tf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{5 . 19 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -*_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf k|0ffnL nfu" ePsf] lgsfosf] ljefuLo k|d'v, sfof{no k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vdf kb:yfkg ubf{ ;+efJo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ dWo]af6 To:tf] lgsfosf] b'O{ jif{sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf / sfo{ ;+rfng ;DaGwL of]hgf Pj+ ck]lIft pknlJw ;lxt sfo{of]hgf k]z ug{ nufO{ pTs[i6 of]hgf k]z ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df pklgod -!_ sf] kbflwsf/L;Fu sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf u/L pQm kbdf kb:yfkg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -(_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZostf cg';f/ lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . #$u= cltl/Qm ;d"x ;DaGwL Joj:yfM Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !*3= sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd 50 kmflhndf /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] cltl/Qm ;d"xdf /x]sf] ePdf To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] vl6Ps} sfof{noaf6 tnj eQf vfg] u/L cGo lgsfodf sfdsfh ug{ v6fpg ;Sg]5 . -@_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= sf] pkbkmf -@_ / pkbkmf -@s=_ adf]lhd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon]] sfhdf v6fPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] b/jGbL cltl/Qm ;d"xdf ;fg{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ s'g} kbdf kbk"lt{sf] dfu ubf{ cltl/Qm ;d"xdf /x]sf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof s§L u/]/ dfq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . #%= ==================== 51 #^= ;?jfsf] ;do tflnsf / ;?jfsf cfwf/x¿ cfwf/x¿M x¿M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{{ P]gsf] 52 bkmf !* cg';f/ ;?jf ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;do tflnsf cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] k|To]s jif{sf] df3 Ps ut] b]lv df3 d;fGt leqdf, -v_ dGqfno jf dGqfno :t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfo jf ljefun] k|To]s jif{sf] kmfu'g Ps ut]b]lv kmfu'g d;fGt leqdf, -u_ If]qLo :t/sf lgsfox¿n] k|To]s jif{sf] r}q Ps ut] b]lv r}q d;fGtleqdf . 50 51 52 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 20 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np t/ s'g} sfof{nodf l/Qm x'g uPsf] kbdf tf]lsPsf] ;do tflnsf afx]ssf] ;dodf ;?jf ug'{ k/]df ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g]5 M– -s_ /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fL / /fhqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6, t/ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Pp6} dGqfno cGtu{tsf lgsfodf ;?jf ubf{ ;DalGwt ljefuLo dGqL:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 . -v_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf ;lrj:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 . t/ s'g} ljefu cGtu{t sfo{/t /fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fL ;Ddsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]xL ljefu cGtu{t ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 -u_ ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]5 . /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fL ljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g x]g]{ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] ;x–;lrj:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 . -3_ v08 -u_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg Ps} ljefu jf cGtu{tsf /fhkq cglÍt Pj+ >]0fL ljxLg sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]xL ljefu jf cGtu{ts} cGo lgsfodf ;?jf ug'{ kbf{ ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v:t/sf] lg0f{oaf6 . -#_ krf; jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] dfu]df afx]s æsÆ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qdf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g . -$_ /fhkq cglÍt / >]0fL ljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ 3/ kfossf] lhNnfdf ;?jf ug{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . -%_ 3/ kfossf] lhNnfl:yt sfof{nodf sfo{/t /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fL ljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghx¿n] :j]R5fn] lgj]bg lbPsf] cj:yfdf jf lghsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] k|ult /fd|f] gePsf] 7f]; k|df0f b]lvPsf] jf lghn] cg'zf;gxLg / 21 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np clgoldt sfo{ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s csf]{ lhNnfdf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g . -^_ pd]/sf] sf/0faf6 clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g Ps jif{ jf ;f] eGbf sd cjlw afFsL /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] dfu]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;?jf ul/g] 5}g . -&_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'uL ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ug'{ kbf{ ;f] bkmfsf] pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt cfwf/df dfq ;?jf ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;?jf ubf{ cjlw gk'uL ;?jf ug'{sf] cfwf/ ;?jf kqdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L cjlw gk' uL ;?jf ul/Psf]df cjlw gk'Ub} ;?jf ug'{sf] :ki6 sf/0f vf]nL ;?jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -*_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -3_ cg';f/ sfof{nodf /fvL /fVg pko'Qm gePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ubf{ lghsf] s'g sfd / cfr/0faf6 ;f] sfof{nodf /fvL /fVg pko' Qm gePsf] xf] ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;lxt ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vaf6 n]vL cfPkl5 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ;?jf ug'{ kg]{5 . -(_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if lhDd]jf/L lbgsf] nflu ;?jf ug{ ;xdlt dfu ubf{ ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg' kg]{ cj:yf ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;xdlt dfu ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -!)_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cjlw gk'Ub} ;?jf ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt dfu ePsf]df To:tf] ;xdtLsf nflu kq k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;f] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o u/L ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ 5 . ;f] cjlw leq hfgsf/L gk7fPdf To:tf] ;?jfsf] lglDt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt /x]sf] dflgg]5 . t/ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] yk ljj/0f dfu u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgf leq ;xdlt lbg ;Sg]5 . -!!_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} lgsfo jf cGtu{tsf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Psk6s ;?jf eO{ cjlw k"/f eP kl5 pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;?jf ug]{ tflnsf cg';f/sf] Ps cjlw k"/f geO{ ;f] lgsfon] k'gM To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ug{]5}g . 22 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np t/ sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] k|fjwfg nfu" x'g]5}g . -!@_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg dGqfno jf ljefu jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfo jf If]qLo sfof{no jf lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nosf] k|d'v eO{ ;s]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] :j]R5fn] dfu u/]sf]df afx]s ;dfg >]0fLsf] kbdf ;f] eGbf tNnf] lgsfo jf sfof{nodf ;?jf ul/g] 5}g . -!#_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo eO{ ;f] cjlw ;dfKt gePsf] jf lghn] :j]R5fn] dfu]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s c¿ cj:yfdf lgh eGbf slgi7 sd{rf/Lsf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L ;?jf jf kb:yfkg ul/g]5}g . -!$_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} l/Qm /fhkq cg+lst tyf >]0fL ljlxg kb k"lt{sf] nflu dfucfs[lt kmf/fd e/L k7fO;s] kl5 To:tf] kbdf ;?jf u/L kbk"lt{ ul/g]5}g . -!%_ o; lgod adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ug]{ jf ;f]sf] ;xdlt lbg] lgsfon] ;f]sf] dfkb08 agfO{ ;f] cg';f/ lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 . -!^_ pklgod -!%_ adf]lhd ag]sf] dfkb08 ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 . -!&_ ;?jf dfu ug]{ lgj]bgkqsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–( adf]lhd x'g]5 . #^s= cjlw gk'Ub} ;?jf ul/Pdf lbOg] ;'ljwf jwfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ 53 adf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'Ub} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ul/Pdf ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -*_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ gofF 7fFpdf jGbf]j:t ug{sf] nflu lghn] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] Ps dlxgfsf] tna a/fj/sf] /sd lbO{g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sd To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{ /t ;fljssf] sfof{noaf6 g} e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . -#_ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw gk'Ub} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ubf{ P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhdsf] gofF 7fpFdf aGbf]j:t ug{sf] nflu /sd kfpg] jf gkfpg] ljifo ;?jf kqdf g} :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 / o; lgod adf]lhdsf] /sd dfu ubf{ ;?jf kqsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . 53 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 23 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np #&= ;?jf;DaGwL ljj/0fM lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] cg';"rL– !) adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 54 ;?jf;DaGwL ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . #*= ;?jf ug]{ sfo{ljlwM jlwM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jfsf] nflu clVtof/jfnfn] cg';"rL– !! adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . 55 -@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ubf{ b]xfosf sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 M -s_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf ;?jf ubf{ sd{rf/L sfo{/t sfof{no / ef}uf]lns If]q, sfo{/t cjlw, ;?jf k|:tfj ul/Psf] sfof{no / ef}uf]lns If]q, ;?jf cjlw tyf ;?jf ug'{ kg]{ sf/0f ;d]t ;?jf ug]{ lg0f{odf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . -v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ug]{ lg0f{o eP kl5 ;?jf x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ o:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] tLg lbg leq cg';"rL– !!s= adf]lhdsf] ;?jfkq hf/L u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . o:tf] ;?jfkq k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt sfof{non] lgod $)adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq cg';"rL–!@ adf]lhdsf] /dfgf kq lbg' kg]{5 . -u_ ;?jf ePsf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq /dfgf glbO{ lgh ;?jf eO{ ;s]sf] sfof{noaf6 tnj eQf e'QmfgL lbPdf /dfgf lbg' kg]{ Dofb eGbf a9L cjlwsf] To:tf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] vfPsf] tnj eQf ;d]t To;/L /dfgf glbO{ tnjeQf v'jfpg] sfof{no k|d'v / n]vf k|d'vaf6 c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 . -3_ v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof gk'¥ofO{ ;?jf ug]{ clVtof/jfnfnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ul/g]5 . 56 #(= ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf hfg' kg]{M s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf /dfgfkqdf tf]lsPsf] ;doleq xflh/ x'g hfg' kg]{5 . s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ geO{ csf]{ kb jf sfof{nodf 54 55 56 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 24 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;?jf ul/g] 5}g . o;/L lgwf{l/t ;doleq xflh/ x'g ghfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g]5 . $)= $)= axfnL DofbM DofbM -!_ Ps :yfgaf6 csf]{ :yfgdf hfg' kg]{ eO{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] a/a'emf/ysf] lgldQ PSsfO; lbgdf ga9fO{ tyf tof/Lsf] lgldQ af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s ;ft lbgsf] Dofb kfpg]5 / tof/L Dofbdf lghn] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'gkg]{ 5}g . a/a'emf/ysf] lgldQ PSsfO; lbgeGbf a9L nfUg] ePdf To;sf] :ki6 sf/0f vf]nL ;DalGwt ;lrjaf6 57 a9Ldf Ps dlxgf;Dd a/a'emf/ysf] nflu Dofb yk x'g ;Sg]5Ú . 58 -@_ ================ $!= ;?jf x'g] lghfdtL sd{ sd{rf/Ln] k|ltj]bg a'emfpg' kg]{M -!_ s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v 59 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf x'Fbf lghn] cfˆgf] lhDdfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿, n]vf, a]?h' km5\of}{6 / afFsLsf] ljj/0f, uf]Ko sfuhftx¿, k]ZsLsf] l:ylt / sfof{nosf] km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL sfo{x¿sf] k|fyldstf :ki6 b]lvg] u/L ljj/0f tof/ u/L xfnjfnfnfO{ jf lgh geP lgs6td Ho]i7 lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ sfof{no k|d'v jfx]ssf cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf x'Fbf lghn] cfkm\gf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] aFfsL jSof}tf, sfof{nosf] km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL sfo{x¿sf] k|fyldstf :ki6 b]lvg] ljj/0f / cfˆgf] sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/sf] sfd ;DaGwL ljj/0f tof/ u/L sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg{]5 . t/ sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L ;dodf ljj/0f a'emfpg g;s]df ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] ;ft lbg leq ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;fljs sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg gj'emfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo ;hfo ug{]5 . 57 58 59 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 25 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kl/R5]b– & sfh / sfod d'sfod;DaGwL Joj:yf $@= ================== 60 $@s= sfh v6fpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= adf]lhd lghfdtL 61 sd{rf/LnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb gePsf] lgsfodf / :jLs[t c:yfoL b/jGbLdf sfhdf v6fpg b]xfosf s'/fx¿ v'nfO{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt dfu ug{' kg{]5 M– -s_ sfhdf v6fpg k|:tfj ul/Psf] lgsfodf k|:tfljt lghfdtL sd{rf/L g} v6fpg' kg{] j:t'lgi7 sf/0f, -v_ sfh vl6g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] vl6g] sfof{noaf6 lgodfg';f/ kfpg] tnj eQf jfx]s cGo ;'ljwf kfpg] ePdf s] s] ;'ljwf kfpg] xf] ;f]sf] ljj/0f, -u_ sfh v6fpg ;xdlt dfu ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L / ;f] ;/xsf cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{bIftf, sfo{ cg'ej, z}lIfs of]Uotf, h]i7tf, tflnd nufotsf ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df lghnfO{ g} sfh v6fpgpko'Qm b]lvg'sf] sf/0f, -3_ sfh vl6g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ul/ cfPsf] sfdsfh ;DxfNg] a}slNks Joj:yf . -@_ c:yfoL b/jGbLsf] xsdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt dfu ubf{ h'g :t/sf] c:yfO{ b/aGbL :jLs[t ePsf] xf] ;f]xL :t/sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfh v6fpg ;xdlt dfu ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] sfhdf v6fpg] ;xdlt lbFbf pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] zt{ k"/f ePsf] 5 jf 5}g / of]Uo / OR5's lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ dWo] h]i7td sd{rf/LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ sfhdf v6fpg] ;xdlt dfu ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/f x]/L ;f] cg'¿k ePsf] b]lvPdf ;xdlt dfu ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq cjlw tf]lsPsf] cfof]hgf jfx]ssf cGo cfof]hgfdf Ps cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo ;Ddsf nflu dfq ;xdlt lbg]5 . 60 61 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 26 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -$_ Ps dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u cGtu{tsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf !*s=sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd csf]{ dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u cGtu{tsf] lgsfodf sfh v6fpg' kg]{ ePdf sfh v6fpg' kg]{ lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] cg'/f]wdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] sfh v6fpg' kg]{5 . -%_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= sf] 62pkbkmf -@s=_ adf]lhd :yfoL k|s[tLsf cfof]u jf ;ldltdf sfh v6fpFbf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] b/jGbL gePsf cfof]u tyf ;ldltdf dfq sfh v6fOg]5 . -^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd sfh v6fpFbf ;DalGwt cfof]u jf ;ldltaf6 lghfdtL sd{rf/L dfu u/]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfosf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{ v6fpg' kg]{5 . $@v= :yfgLo lgsfodf sfh v6fpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf !*s= sf] 63 pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nox¿ :yflgo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f x'Fbf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd sfhdf v6fOg]5 M– -s_ lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{no :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f x'Fbf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] sfof{nodf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfon] sfhdf v6fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L sfhdf v6fOPsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] kbflwsf/ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ lgsfosf] k"n b/jlGbdf /xg]5 . -v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd k'n b/jlGbdf kbflwsf/ /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kb h'g;'s} sf/0fn] k'n b/jlGbdfg/x]df To:tf] k'n b/jlGb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfhdf vl6Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] ;]jf, ;d"x ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd kfpg] tnj, eQf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] g} Joxf]g]{5 . To:tf] tnj, eQf afx]ssf] cGo ;'ljwfsf ;DaGwdf To:tf :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgod cg';f/ x'g]5 . 62 63 cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 27 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfhdf vl6Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfon] cGo sfof{nodf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ s'g} :yfgLo lgsfodf sfo{/t s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] lgsfodf /fvL /fVg pko'Qm gePsf] egL dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f b]vfO{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] lghsf] b/jGbL /x]sf] dGqfno jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf n]vL k7fPdf To:tf] dGqfno jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] lghsf] sfh lkmtf{ u/L ;f] :yfgdf csf]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L v6fO{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 . :ki6Ls/0fM o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu …lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{noÚ eGgfn] ufpF, gu/ jf Onfsf:t/sf sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . $#= sfod d'sfod d's//;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ b]xfosf kbx¿df b]xfosf clwsf/Ln] sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ ljefuLo k|d'vsf] kbdf g]kfn ;/sf/, t/ ;+j}wflgs c+usf sfof{nosf ljefuLo k|d'vsf] ;DaGwdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;+j}wflgs c+usf] k|d'v, -v_ sfof{no k|d'v / OsfO sfof{no k|d'vsf] kbsf] lgldQ ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'v, -u_ ;/sf/L jlsn kbdf ;/sf/L jlsn;DaGwL lgoddf tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L, -3_ /fh:j GofofwLs/0f / k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] cWoIfsf] kbdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] k/fdz{ lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ . -@_ pklgod -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo lghfdtL kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// ul/g] 5}g . $$= Ps kbdf PseGbf a9L JolQm sfod d'sfod gx'g] M s'g} Pp6f lghfdtL kbdf Ps} ;dodf 64 =========================PseGbf a9L lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfod d'sfod d's// ug'{ x'b}g . 64 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 28 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np $%= sfod d'sfod d's// u/]sf] hfgsf/LM hfgsf/LM P]gsf] bkmf !# adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// ul/Psf]df To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt dGqfno / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnonfO{ lbg'kg]{ 5 . $^= sfof{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{M -!_ s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v la/fdL eO{ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] 5f]6f] cjlwsf] nflu cg'kl:yt ePdf lgh dftxtsf] 65 b/jGbL jf ljz]if b/jGbL leqsf] jf l/Qm b/jGbLdf sfhdf vl6Psf] sd{rf/L dWo] lgs6td Ho]i7 lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] lgldQ hgfO{ b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ l/Qm /x]sf] s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'vsf] kbdf xfnjfnf lgo'Qm jf ;?jf geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf] nflu pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] h]i7 sd{rf/Ln] ;f] sfof{nosf] gubL df}Hbft, sfof{nosf] 5fk, sfuhkq / b}lgs sfd rnfpgsf nflu rflxg] lhG;L ;d]t lhDdf lnO{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Dd lgldQ eO{ ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf k/L sfd u/]sf] Joxf]/f To:tf] lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"eGbf dflyNnf] txdf ;"rgf ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} kbdf sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf] jf pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf]df To; kbdf sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] axL -lx;fa_ a'emfpg] s'/fdf ;d]t lghsf] pQ/bfloTj x'g]5 . t/ jif{e/sf] axL a'emfpg'kg]{df xfnjfnfn] axfnL ul/;s]sf] jif{sf] xfnjfnfn] / xfnjfnfn] axfn gu/]sf] jif{sf] sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{n] a'emfpg' kg]{5 . $&= sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] tna eQf kfpg]M -!_ s'g} kbdf sfod d'sfod eO{ jf kGw| lbgeGbf a9L cjlw lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf]df To;/L sfd ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] h'g kbsf] sfd u/]sf] 5 ;f]xL kbsf] tna eQf To;/L sfd u/]sf] ldltb]lv kfpg]5 . -@_pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tna eQf lghn] Ps >]0fL dflysf] kbdf a9'jf kfPdf kfpg] tna eQfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g . t/ To;/L kfpg] tna eQfsf] /sd lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna eQfeGbf 36L x'g] 5}g . 65 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 29 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 66$*= =============== kl/R5]b– * cWoog / tflnddf dgf]gog;DaGwL Joj:yf Joj:yf $(= cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ dgf]gogsf] cfwf/x¿M cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dgf]gog ubf{ ;DalGwt dGqfnon] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x leqsf dGqfno / cGtu{tsf sd{rf/LdWo]af6 b]xfosf] cfwf/df dgf]gog ul/g]5M– -s_ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] ljifo ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] lgldQ pkof]uL / cfjZos ePsf] . -v_ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] nflu k|fKt 5fqj[lQdf dgf]gogsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ P]gsf] bkmf @$ adf]lhd z}lIfs of]Uotf, h]i7tf, ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ej / sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg afkt a9L cÍ kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LdWo] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df . -u_ tLg jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf] . -3_ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflwsf] cWoogsf] xsdf k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ ggf3]sf] . :ki6Ls/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ– -!_ æcWoogÆ eGgfn] ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflw xfl;n ug{sf] lgldQ ul/g] cWoognfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 . -@_ ætflndÆ eGgfn] :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflw k|bfg ul/g] afx]s s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfåf/f lglZrt kf7Øqmdcg';f/ lglZrt cjlwdf ;~rfng x'g] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 . -#_ æcWoog e|d0fÆ eGgfn] cWoog / tflnd afx]s ^ xKtfdf ga9\g] u/L cfof]hgf x'g] uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ jf cjnf]sg e|d0fnfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 . 66 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . 30 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 67 %)= dgf]gog ubf{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{M -!_ ljb]zdf cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]gog ubf{ lgod $( sf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfo adf]lhd dgf]gog ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ j}b]lzs cWoog ug]{, tflnd lng] jf cWoog e|d0f ug{ klxn] df}sf gkfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{, -v_ ;a} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿n] klxn] df}sf kfO{ ;s]sf] ePdf o;/L cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f ul/;s]kl5 ;DalGwt lgsfodf ;a} eGbf a9L ;do Joltt u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{, -u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhd dgf]gogsf nflu qmd lgwf{/0f x'g g;s]df Pp6} kbdf ;a} eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ . t/ s'g} vf; of]Uotf / pd]/ g} cfjZos kg]{ egL pNn]v eO{ cfPsf] ljifodf To:tf] of]Uotf / pd]/ x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] aLrdf dfq v08 -s_ / -v_ cg'¿k dgf]gog ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgf]gog ug'{ kg]{ tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf efu lng s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf cfdGq0f cfP klg ;DjlGwt lgsfon] pklgod -!_ cg'¿k g} dgf]gog ug{' kg{]5 . t/ cfof]hgf ljz]if ;Fu ;DalGwt l;6sf] nflu ;f]xL cfof]hgf leqaf6 pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dgf]gog ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cfk"m sfo{/t ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] nflu pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g] ljifodf ljleGg d'n's jf g]kfn ;b:o /x]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6 5fqj[QL k|fKt ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{:jLs[tL lnO{ ljZjJofkL k|lt:kwf{df 5gf}6 eO{ ljb]zdf cWoog jf tflnddf ;xeflu x'g] cj;/ kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t cWoog jf tflndsf nflu dgf]gog ul/g]5 . %!= dgf]gogdf aGb]hM o; kl/R5]bdf o;cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg P]gsf] bkmf @@ adf]lhd a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg] cjlwe/ s'g} klg 67 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 31 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] lgldQ dgf]gog ug{ x'Fb}g . 68 %@= =============== %#= =============== 69 %#s= cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfM Joj:yfM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] 70 s'g} kbflwsf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] lgsfonfO{ bft[ ;+:yfaf6 ;f]em} k|fKt ePsf] cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog / cWoog e|d0f;DaGwL cj;/x¿sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt lgsfon] P]gsf] bkmf $)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . o:tf] hfgsf/L glbg] lgsfosf] k|d'vnfO{ ;f] ;ldltn] ljefuLo sf/afxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl/; u/L k7fpg]5 / To;/L 71 hfgsf/L glbO{ dgf]gog ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 hlt ;dosf] nflu dgf]gog ul/Psf] xf], TotL cjlwdf dgf]gog ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] jf kfpg ;Sg] tnjeQf a/fa/sf] /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 . -@_ ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfaf6 cfof]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf cfof]hgf ;Demf}tfcGtu{t k|fKt x'g] 5fqj[lQsf] jflif{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L P]gsf] bkmf $)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fpg'kg]{ st{Jo ;DalGwt lgsfosf] x'g]5 . -#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]sf] 72 ldltn] Ps dlxgf leq ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g hfg' kg]{5 . dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf ;lxt labf dfu u/L labf :jLs[t ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;f] cjlw leq xflh/ gx'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo x'g]5 .Æ -$_ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]sf] ldltn] gAa] lbgleq xflh/ x'g gcfPdf jf P]gsf] bkmf $)3= adf]lhdsf] sa'lnotcg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;]jf gu/]df To:tf] cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf nfu]sf] jf kfPsf] vr{ / ;f] cjlwdf kfPsf] tna eQf;d]t To:tf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoogsf] nflu 68 69 70 71 72 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 32 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lgwf{l/t ;do Joltt ePsf] csf]{ tLg dlxgfleq ;DalGwt sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{5 / ga'emfPdf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n ul/g]5 . -%_ cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf uPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L 73 cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0f kl5 pklgod -#_adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g cfP gcfPsf] ;DaGwdf clen]v k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, cWoog ug{ uPsf] b]z, cWoog jf tflndsf] cjlw / ljifo v'Ng] b'O{ k|lt ljj/0f k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f d;fGt leq tof/ u/L Ps k|lt P]gsf] bkmf $)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fO{ Ps k|lt ;DjlGwt lgsfon] clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg{]5 . o:tf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L k7fpg] bfloTj ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] x'g]5 . kl/R5]b– ( xflh/L / labf %$= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cwLg x'g]M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cwLg x'g]5 / h'g;'s} ;dodf klg lghnfO{ ;/sf/L sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 . %%= sfof{no ;do, ;do kfng / xflh/LM xflh/LM 75 74 -!_ =========== -@_ P]gsf] bkmf $! adf]lhd lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfof{nodf gcfpg] / sfof{nodf k6s–k6s l9nf] cfpg] rfF8f] hfg] tyf sfof{nosf] sfddf afx]s sfof{no ;dodf :jLs[lt glnO{ sfof{no 5f]8\g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] uon s§L ug]{5 . t/ dlxgfsf] tLg k6s;Dd lgwf{l/t ;doeGbf kGw| ldg]6;Dd l9nf u/L cfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{no k|d'vn] xflh/ ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ d'gfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0f k/]df afx]s labfsf] lgsf;f glnO{ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/L cfˆgf]] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g' x'Fb}g . o;/L cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/Ln] ;ft lbgleq labfsf] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . 73 74 75 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 33 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 76 %%s= sfof{no ;dosf] lgwf{/0f M ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf] sfof{no ;dosf] lgwf{/0f g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]adf]lhd x'g]5 . %^= e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labfM labfM 77-!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ e}k/L cfpg] labf 5 lbg / kj{ labf 785 lbg u/L hDdf afx| lbg labf lng kfpg]5 . -@_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . -#_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf cfwf lbg klg lng ;lsg]5 . :ki6Ls/0fM o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æcfwf lbgÆ eGgfn] b}lgs sfof{no ;dosf] cfwf ;do ;Demg'k5{ . -$_ Ps jif{sf] e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf ;+lrt u/L csf]{ jif{df lng kfOg] 5}g . -%_ df}lvs cg'/f]wsf] cfwf/df klg labf lbg] clwsf/Ln] e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labfsf] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 . t/ To;/L e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labfsf] :jLs[lt lbPsf]df labf lbg] clwsf/Ln] ;f]sf] clen]v /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 . %&= 3/ labf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] afx| lbgsf] Ps lbgsf] b/n] 3/ labf kfpg]5 . t/ lxpFb] jf jif]{ labf lng kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] o; lgodadf]lhdsf] 3/ labf kfpg] 5}g . -@_ of] lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ æsfd u/]sf] cjlwÆ eGgfn] ;f] cjlwleq lnPsf] e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf, la/fdL labf, k|;"lt labf, k|;"lt :ofxf/ labf, 79 lsl/of labf / ;fj{hlgs labfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 . -#_ 3/ labfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . -$_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] ksfPsf] 3/ labf Ps ;o c;L lbg;Dd 80 ;+lrt u/L /fVg kfpg]5 . 76 77 78 79 80 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 5}6f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 34 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -%_ s'g} sf/0fn] lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf] 3/ labfafkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd lghn] Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 . -^_ ;+lrt /x]sf] 3/ labfsf] /sd lng gkfpFb} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] ;+lrt 3/ labfsf] /sd P]gsf] bkmf #( sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] JolQmn] Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 . -&_ lxpFb] jf jif]{ labf lng kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pQm labf gkfpg] u/L sfddf v6fOPdf To:tf] sfddf v6fpg] sfof{non] To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pQm labf afkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfOkfO{ cfPsf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd lbg' kg]{5 . -*_ 3/ labf, cWoog labf jf c;fwf/0f labfdf a;]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] cjlwe/sf] 3/ labf kfpg] 5}g . -(_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] jif{sf] Psk6s sDtLdf ;ft lbg 3/ labf lnO{ 3/ hfFbf / 3/ labf e'Qmfg u/L 3/af6 cfˆgf]] sfof{nodf cfpFbf k}bnsf] af6f]nfO{ cf7 sf]zsf] lgldQ Ps lbgsf] b/n] x'g] lbg tyf df]6/, /]n, xjfO{hxfhsf] af6f]nfO{ hlt lbg nfUg] xf] Tolt lbg af6f]sf] Dofb kfpg]5 . %*= la/fdL labfM labfM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ afx| lbg la/fdL labf kfpg]5 . -@_ la/fdL labfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . -#_ lghfdtL sd{rf/L czQm la/fdL eO{ ;+lrt la/fdL labfn] gk'Ug] ePdf lghnfO{ a9Ldf afx| lbg;Ddsf] k]ZsL la/fdL labf lbg ;lsg]5 . -$_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f labf / P]gsf] bkmf &!s= adf]lhdsf] 81 j]tnjL labf afx]s cGo labf lnPsf] cjlwdf ;d]t la/fdL labf kfpg]5 . -%_ ;ft lbgeGbf a9L cjlwsf] la/fdL labfsf] dfu ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z ug{ ;fwf/0ftof ;Dej lyPg eGg] labf lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ ljZjf; ePdf lghn] ;f] Joxf]/f hgfO{ k|df0fkq lagf g} pQm labf :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] ksfPsf] la/fdL labf ;+lrt u/L /fVg kfpg]5 . 81 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 35 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -&_ s'g} sf/0fn] lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf] la/fdL labf afkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] b/n] x'g cfpg] /sd lghn] Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 . -*_ ;+lrt /x]sf] la/fdL labfsf] /sd lng gkfpFb} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] ;+lrt la/fdL labfsf] /sd P]gsf] bkmf #( sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] JolQmn] Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 . -(_ s'g} 7"nf] jf s8f /f]u nfuL pkrf/ ug{ la/fdL labf / 3/ labfaf6 gk'u x'g] ePdf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkq k]z u/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kl5 kfpg] la/fdL labf / 3/ labfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L k}tfnL; lbg;Dd yk la/fdL labf k]ZsLsf] ¿kdf lng ;Sg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL la/fdL labf lnO{ a;]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . -!)_ pklgod -(_ adf]lhd lnPsf] labfn] gk'u eO{ yk labf lng'k/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] d]l8sn af]8{sf] l;kmfl/;df lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] c;fwf/0f labfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L ;]jf cjlwe/df a9Ldf Ps jif{ c;fwf/0f labf lng ;Sg]5 . -!!_ pklgod -(_ adf]lhd k]ZsL la/fdL labf lng] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To;/L k]ZsL lnPsf] la/fdL labf :jtM ldgfxf x'g]5 . %(= k|;"lt labfM labfM -!_ dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/L ue{jtL ePdf lghn] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3kl5 u/L ;f7L lbg k|;"lt labf lng kfpg]5 . -!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|;'tL labf lnPsf dlxnf lghfdtL 82 sd{rf/Ln] rfx]df s'g} klg labfaf6 s§f gx'g] u/L yk 5 dlxgf;Dd j]tnjL k|;"tL labf lng ;Sg]5g\ . t/ pklgod -!_ / -!s_ adf]lhdsf] labf nuftf/ ¿kdf lng' kg]{5 . -!v_ pklgod -!s_ adf]lhd j]tnjL labfdf a;]sf] cjlw gf]s/L 83 cjlwdf hf]8Lg] 5 . -@_ k|;"lt labfdf a:bf dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . 84 -#_ k|;"lt labf ;]jf cjlwe/ b'O{k6s dfq lbOg]5 . 82 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 84 ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 83 36 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 85 -#s_ k|;"lt labf tyf k|;"lt :ofxf/ labf kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ aRrfsf] :ofxf/sf] lgldQ P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd a9Ldf b'O{ j6f jRrfsf] nflu hgxL Psd'i6 kfFrxhf/ ¿k}ofF lzz' :ofxf/ eQf lbO{g]5 . -$_ k|;"lt labf lnPsf] clen]v ;DalGwt sfof{non] cBfjlws agfO{ /fVg'kg]{5 . 86 %(s= k|;"lt :ofxf/ labf M -!_ s'g} k'?if lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kTgL ;'Ts]/L x'g] ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3 jf kl5 u/L kGw| lbg k|;"lt :ofxf/ labf lng kfpg]5 . -@_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ labfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg] 5 . -#_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ labf ;]jf cjlwe/ b'O{ k6s dfq lbOg]5 . -$_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ labf lnPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] labf lnPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf leqdf jRrfsf] hGdbtf{ k|df0fkq sfo{/t sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] To:tf] labfsf] cjlw lghn] kfpg] cGo labfaf6 s§f ul/g]5 . -^_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ labfsf] clen]v ;DalGwt sfof{non] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . ^)= lsl/of labfM 87 -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'n wd{ cg'[;f/ cfk}m+ lsl/of a:g' k/]df jf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] afa'cfdf, afh]aHo}, 5f]/f5f]/L jf ;f;';;'/fsf] d[To' ePdf jf k'?if lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf kGw| lbg lsl/of labf kfpg]5 . dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kltn] lsl/of a:g' k/]df lghnfO{ klg Tolt g} lbg lsl/of labf lbOg]5 . -@_ lsl/of labfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . 88 -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd labf lng] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] labf kl5 sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] kGw| lbg leq d[t JolQmsf] d[To' btf{sf] k|df0fkq tyf d[t JolQm;Fusf] gftf k|dfl0ft k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z gug]{ 89 lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] To:tf] labfsf] cjlw lghn] kfpg] cGo labfaf6 s§f ul/g]5 . 85 ;ftf}+ ;ftf}+ 87 ;ftf}+ 88 ;ftf}+ 86 ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . yk . ;+zf]lwt . yk . 37 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ^!= cWoog labfM labfM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos kg]{ ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] j}b]lzs 5fqj[lQdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ v'nf 90 k|ltof]lutf jf cGt/ ljefuLo k|ltof]lutfdf 5flgO{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog ug{ hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog cjlwe/ cWoog labf kfpg ;Sg]5 . -!s=_ ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"xnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g] s'g} ljifodf 91 :jb]z l:yt s'g} ljZjljBfno jf To; cGt/utsf] s'g} cWoog ;+:yfg jf ;+sfojf6 k|fKt 5fqj[lQ jf sf]6fdf jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] vr{df cWoogsf] nflu dgf]gog ug{ ;DjlGwt lgsfon] l;kmfl/; u/L k7fPsf]df P]gsf] bkmf $)v= sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] ;ldltjf6 :jLs[t ePdf To:tf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] cWoog cjlwe/ cWoog labf lbg ;lsg]5 . -!v=_ cfk"m sfo{/t ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] nflu pkof]uL / cfjZos 92 x'g] ljifodf ljleGg d'n's jf g]kfn ;b:o /x]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfaf6 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[tL lnO{ ljZjJofkL k|lt:kwf{df 5gf}6 eO{ ljb]zdf cWoog jf tflnddf ;xeflu x'g] cj;/ kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dgf]gog u/L cWoogsf] nflu cWoog labf / tflndsf] nflu tflnd sfh lbg ;lsg]5 . -@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf cjlwe/df Ps}k6s jf k6s–k6s u/L tLg jif{;Dd cWoog labf kfpg]5 . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos 7fg]sf] cj:yfdf cWoog labfsf] cjlwdf b'O{ jif{;Dd yk ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cWoogsf] lgldQ dgf]gog eO{ cWoog labf lnO{ uPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ yk ljifodf cWoog ug{ jf yk pkflw xfl;n ug{sf] lgldQ cWoog labf ylkg] 5}g tyf c;fwf/0f labf klg lbOg] 5}g . -$_ cWoog labfdf a:bf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . 89 90 91 92 ;ftf}+ ;ftf}+ ;ftf}+ ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f yk yk yk yk . . . . 38 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -%_ ;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"xnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos kg]{ ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ lghL k|of;df :jb]zdf tyf ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ 93 hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd cWoog labf lbg ;lsg]5 . pklgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o:tf] cWoog labfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] tna kfpg] 5}g . -^_ tLg jif{ ;/sf/L ;]jf cjlw gk'uL s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cWoog labf kfpg ;Sg] 5}g . :ki6Ls/0fM :ki6Ls/0fM o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] c:yfoL ;]jf cjlw :yfoL ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ePsf] /x]5 eg] o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] c:yfoL ;]jf cjlw;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 . -&_ s'g} of]hgf jf sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf] lgldQ cTofjZos ePsf] tflnd k|fKt ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ dgf]gog u/L v6fPdf To:tf] tflnd cjlwe/ lghnfO{ sfhsf] ¿kdf k7fOg]5 / ;f] cjlwe/ lghnfO{ k"/f tna lbOg]5 . t/ o; k|sf/sf] sfh tflndsf] lgldQ dfq x'g'kg]{5 / s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ z}lIfs pkflw xfl;n ug{ k7fpFbf tflnd sfh lbOg] 5}g . 94 -*_ Pp6f z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cWoog ug{sf] nflu cWoog labf lnPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k"j{ :jLs[lt ljgf ;f] z}lIfs ;+:yf kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg] 5}g . o;/L z}lIfs ;+:yf kl/jt{g u/]df jf ;f] z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cWoog gu/]df lghsf] ;f] cWoog labf :jtM /2 x'g]5 . o;/L labf /2 ePsf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfjvfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . 95 -(_ o; lgod adf]lhd cWoogsf] nflu Ps k6s j]tnjL cWoog labf :jLs[t eO{ ;s] kl5 ;f] labfsf] cjlwnfO{ tnjL cWoog labfdf kl/0ft ul/g] 5}g . ^@= c;fwf/0f labfM labfM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f labf lng'kg]{ sf/0f;lxt lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 / sf/0f dgfl;a b]lvPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] Psk6sdf Ps jif{df ga9fO{ / ;]jf cjlwe/df tLg jif{df ga9fO{ c;fwf/0f labf lbg ;Sg]5 . 93 94 94 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 39 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ c;fwf/0f labfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] cjlwe/ tna kfpg] 5}g . t/ lgod %* sf] pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd c;fwf/0f labfdf a:g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] labfdf a;]sf] cjlwsf] k"/f tna kfpg]5 . -#_ kfFr jif{ ;/sf/L ;]jf cjlw gk'uL s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f labf kfpg] 5}g . t/, -s_ lgod %* sf] pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd yk la/fdL labfafkt c;fwf/0f labfdf a:g o; pklgodn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -v_ lghL k|of;df cWoog ug{ rfxg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] b'O{ jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]kl5 pklgod -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL Ps}k6s jf k6s–k6s u/L a9Ldf tLg jif{;Dd c;fwf/0f labf kfpg ;Sg]5 . -$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] c;fwf/0f labfsf] cjlw lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g . 96 ^@s= a]tnjL ljbfM ljbfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf &!s= adf]lhdsf] a]tnjL ljbf dfu ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] klt jf kTgL ljb]z l:yt g]kfnL/fhb"tfjf; jf s'g} lgof]udf vl6O{ uPsf] k|df0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljbf Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L a9Ldf kfFr jif{ ;Dd kfpg]5 . -#_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ljbf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t x'g ;Sg]5 . ^#= 97 /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yfdf ;]jf ug{ labf lbg ;lsg]M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] labf lnO{ 98 /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yfdf ;]jf ug{ hfg lgj]bg lbPdf / o;/L ;]jf ug{ k7fpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;d]t pkof]uL x'g] kof{Kt cfwf/ /x]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgod ^@ adf]lhd lghn] kfpg ;Sg] c;fwf/0f labfaf6 s§f x'g] u/L kl5 lghfdtL ;]jf ug{ kmsL{ cfpg] sa'lnot u/fO{ lghnfO{ To:tf] ;]jf ug{ hfgsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 . 96 97 98 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 40 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ^#s=sa' ^#s=sa'lnotgfdf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM Joj:yfM cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf hfg] 99 lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–!@s= adf]lhd, lgod ^! sf] pklgod -%_ adf]lhd cWoog labfdf hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–!@v= adf]lhd tyf c;fwf/0f labf lnO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfdf sfd ug{ hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL–!@u=adf]lhdsf] sa'lnotgfdf ug'{ kg]{5 . ^$= labf dfu ug]{ ljlw ljlwM -!_ labfsf] lgsf;fsf] lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ rflxPsf] labfsf] cjlw, sf/0f / ljb]z hfg'kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t vf]nL cg';"rL– !# sf] 9fFrfdf cfˆgf]] sfof{nodfkm{t\ labf lbg] clwsf/L;dIf lgj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 / labf lbg] clwsf/Ln] klg labf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ePsf] ;"rgf ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 . -!s_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dfu ePsf] labfdWo] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] labf 100 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cjlwdf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ 3/ labf / lj/fdL labfsf] xsdf ;ft lbg leq, -v_ c;fwf/0f labf / cWoog labfsf] xsdf ;f7L lbg leq . -!v_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq labf :jLs[t jf c:jLs[tsf] 101 lg0f{o ePsf] hfgsf/L glbPdf ;f] labf :jLs[t ePsf] dflgg]5 . -@_ b]xfosf] s'/fdf labf lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ lrQ a'em]df lghn] lgj]bgsf] ldlteGbf cufl8 b]lvsf] ldltaf6 labf :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5M– -s_ labf lbg] clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng ;Dej lyPg eGg], -v_ k"j{ :jLs[lt k|flKtsf] nflu lgj]bsn] ;se/ k|of; u/]sf] lyof] eGg] . -#_ cWoog labfsf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf c¿ s'/fsf] cltl/Qm d'VotM b]xfosf s'/fx¿ pNn]v ug'{kg]{5M– -s_ cfkm"n] cWoog ug{ vf]h]sf ljifosf] ljj/0f, -v_ cWoog ul/g] ljZjljBfno, ;+:yf jf k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df k|j]z ug]{ :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] ljj/0f, -u_ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ To:tf] labfsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug{ ;xfos x'g] cGo cfjZos ljj/0f . 99 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 101 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 100 41 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ^%= labf lbg] clwsf/LM clwsf/LM -!_ b]xfosf] labf b]xfosf] clwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5M– labfsf] lsl;d labf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/L -s_ e}k/L cfpg] / ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v 102 kj{ labf -v_ 3/ labf 103 -u_ la/fdL labf 104 -3_ k|;"lt labf 105 106 -3!=_ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v k|;"lt ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v :ofxf/ labf -ª_ lsl/of labf 107;DalGwt -r_ cWoog labf g]kfn ;/sf/ -5_c;fwf/0f labf g]kfn ;/sf/ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v -@_ ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] sd{rf/Lsf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt labf afx]s cGo labfx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t ug]{5 . t/ ;+j}wflgs c+usf sfof{no jf cGo cfof]usf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -r_ / -5_ df plNnlvt labfafx]s cGo labfx¿ To:tf] ;+j}wflgs c+u jf cfof]usf k|d'vn] lbg ;Sg]5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf ljefuLo k|d'v / sfof{no k|d'v cfkm}n] lng ;Sg]5 . 108 -$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] labf cfk"mnfO{ cfjZos gePsf] egL lgj]bg lbPdf labf :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To:tf] labf /2 u/L lghnfO{ xflh/ u/fpg ;Sg]5 . ^^= labf kl/0ft gx'g] M o; kl/R5]badf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] h'g labf lnO{ a;]sf] xf] ;f]xL labf g} pkef]u ug'{kg]{5 . klxn] s'g} Ps lsl;dsf] labf :jLs[t ePsf]df To:tf] labf kl5 lsl/of labf jf k|;"lt labfafx]s csf]{ lsl;dsf] labfdf kl/0ft u/fpg kfOg] 5}g . 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg4f/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . . . . . . 42 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ^&= ;fj{hlgs labf ufleg]M e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf, 3/ labf / lj/fdL labf afx]s 109 c¿ s'g} k|sf/sf] labf lnO{ a;]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] labf cjlw leq ;fj{hlgs labf k/]df ;f] cjlw klg lgh sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] labfdf ufleg]5 . ^*= sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g]pk/ sf/afxLM sf/afxLM labf glnO{ cfˆgf]] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ uon / tna s§L u/L ljefuLo ;hfo;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L uon ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf x'g] 5}g\ . ^(= labfsf] clen]vM -!_ labf lbg] clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf]] dftxtdf sfd ug]{ lghfdtL 110 sd{rf/Lsf] labfsf] clen]v /fVg nufpg'kg]{5 . e}k/L / kj{ labfafx]ssf labfsf] clen]v k|To]s sfof{non] jif{ Joltt ePsf] tL; lbgleq lghfdtL lstfavfgf / tna vr{ n]Vg] sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{5 . -@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf jf a9'jf ePdf ;?jf jf a9'jfsf] hgfpsf] ;fy} labfsf] clen]vsf] ptf/ klg xfnsf] sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{5 . o:tf] labfsf] clen]v cg';"rL– !$ adf]lhd /fVg'kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] labfsf] clen]vsf] Psk|lt ptf/ ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t lbg'kg]{5 . a9'jfsf] nflu sf/afxL xF'bf o:tf] labfsf] clen]v k]z ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DalGwt ljefu jf dGqfnosf] x'g]5 . &)= ;§f labfM labfM ljdfg:yn, c:ktfn, af?0foGq, x'nfs, ;+u|xfnoh:tf ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbgdf sfd ug'{kg]{ sfof{nox¿df sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbg sfd u/]afkt ;§f tnaL labf kfpg] 5g\ / To:tf] labf Ps jif{leqdf kfnf] ldnfO{ a:g'kg]{5 . &!= labf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]OgM gM labf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]Og, ;x'lnotdfq xf] . kl/R5]b– !) a9'jf &@= a9'jf ;ldltx¿ ;ldltx¿M dltx¿M P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /fhkqcg+lst kbdf a9'jf ug{ b]xfosf sfof{nosf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf a9'jf ;ldltx¿ /xg] 5g\M– -s_ v08 -v_, -u_, -3_, -ª_, -r_, -5_, -h_, -em_, -`_, -6_ / -7_ df k/]sf 111 cbfnt / sfof{nox¿ afx]s clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vf 109 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 111 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 110 43 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np k/LIfssf] sfof{no, nf]s;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno, dGqfno, dGqfno:t/sf s]Gb|Lo lgsfox¿ tyf s]lGb|o:t/sf ljefux¿sf] nflu – -c_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbflwsf/L -cf_ –cWoIf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] clws[t -O_ –;b:o ;]jf, ;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfosf] k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v jf ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf kbflwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] clws[t -v_ –;b:o sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfnosf] nflu– nflu– -c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L -cf_ -O_ – cWoIf ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v – ;b:o -u_ v08 -s_, -v_, -3_, -ª_, -r_, -5_, -h_, -em_, -`_, -6_ / -7_ df k/]sf 112 cbfnt / sfof{nox¿ ox¿ afx]s s'g} dGqfno ;lrjfno jf cfof]u cGtu{tsf lhNnfl:yt If]qLo, c~rn , lhNnf tyf O{nfsf:t/Lo sfof{nox¿ ox¿sf] x¿sf] nflu– nflu– -c_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/L –cWoIf -cf_ ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t -O_ –;b:o lhNnf sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{nosf] 113 …k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;f] sfof{nosf] clws[t -3_ –;b:o ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] nflu nflu–– -c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L – cWoIf 112 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 113 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 44 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -cf_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t -O_ – ;b:o k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t -ª_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] nflu -c_ -r_ – ;b:o k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] GofofwLz – cWoIf -cf_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ – ;b:o -O_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o lhNnf cbfntsf] nflu– nflu– -c_ lhNnf GofofwLz – cWoIf -cf_ lhNnf GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o -O_ lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] 114 …lhNnf GofoflwjQmfÚ -5_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf] nflu– nflu– -c_ -h_ – ;b:o Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L – cWoIf -cf_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o -O_ k|zf;g zfvfsf] clws[t – ;b:o k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] nflu– nflu– -c_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] 115;x–GofoflwjQmf 116-cf_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] 117 -O_ 115 116 117 118 pk–GofoflwjQmf – ;b:o k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] 118 114 – cWoIf ;x–GofoflwjQmf n] ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 45 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np tf]s]sf] clws[t -em_ – ;b:o lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] nflu– nflu– -c_ lhNnf GofofwLz -cf_ lhNnf lhNnf -O_ ;/sf/L – cWoIf jlsn 119GofoflwjQmf – ;b:o k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] 120;x–GofoflwjQmf -`_ sfof{nosf] n] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o Gofo kl/ifb\ kl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf] nflu– nflu– -c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbflwsf/L -cf_ – cWoIf Gofo kl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] Gofo kl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf] /fhkqf+lst clws[t -O_ – ;b:o k|zf;g zfvfsf] k|d'v jf Gofo kl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] clws[t -6_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] nflu– nflu– -c_ -7_ – ;b:o Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] kbflwsf/L – cWoIf -cf_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o -O_ k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf] nflu– nflu– -c_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] kbflwsf/L -cf_ -O_ 121 – cWoIf /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf] cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o – ;b:o /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – ;b:o &#= a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno / l;kmfl/; ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jf tyf sfo{;Dkfbg tyf 119 120 121 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 46 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgaf6 x'g] a9'jfsf] ;dfof]hgåf/f k"lt{ x'g] /fhkqfls+t kbx¿sf] lgldQ P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] ug]{5 . -@_ lgod &@ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhdsf] a9'jfsf] lgldQ a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfon] ug]{5 . -#_ lgod &@ sf] v08 -3_, -5_, -`_, -6_ / -7_ df plNnlvt lgsfox¿df l/Qm kbsf] lgldQ ;f] l/Qm kb;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfon] a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ug]{5 . -$_ cbfnt / lhNnfl:yt If]qLo, c~rn, l8lehg, lhNnf tyf O{nfsf:t/Lo sfof{nox¿df l/Qm /x]sf kbx¿sf] xsdf– -s_ cbfnt / ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nodf l/Qm /fhkq cglÍt kbsf] nflu a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] cbfnt jf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no . -v_ v08 -s_ afx]s l/Qm /fhkq cglÍt kbx¿sf] lgldQ a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] sfd b]xfoadf]lhdsf] sfof{non] ug]{5M– -!_ k|zf;g ;]jf, n]vf ;d"x afx]ssf cGo ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] k|fljlws / ck|fljlws kbx¿sf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, -@_ k|zf;g ;]jf, n]vf ;d"xsf] nflu sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no. &$= kbk"lt{sf] ;"rgfsf] k|sfzg / lgj]bgM gM -!_ lgod !$ adf]lhd kb k"lt{ k|ltzt tyf kb ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ePkl5 To;df sfo{ Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf x'g] 122 / sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgaf6 x'g] a9'jfsf] ;dfof]hgåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbx¿sf] ljj/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf nf]s;]jf cfof]un] k|sflzt ug]{5 . t/ /fhkq cg+lst kbsf] xsdf To:tf] ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{ / lgj]bg ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ ;DalGwt a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] x'g]5 . 122 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 47 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|sflzt x'g] ;"rgfdf a9'jf ul/g] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf cjlw, ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g h]i7tf u0fgf ul/g] -c;f/ d;fGtsf] lx;fan]_ cjlw, z}lIfs of]Uotf, a9'jf x'g] kbsf] ljj/0f tyf ;+Vof, kb l/Qm ePsf] sfof{no, lgj]bg lbg] Dofb / :yfg;d]t v'nfOPsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -#_ ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/n] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq nf]s;]jf cfof]uåf/f lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf lgj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L k]z x'g cfPsf lgj]bgx¿ a9'jf l;kmfl/;sf] sf/afxL rnfpg 123/fhkqf+lst kbsf] xsdf nf]s;]jf cfof]un] ;DalGwt a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fpg'kg]{5 . &$s= ================= 124 &%= z}lIfs Ifs of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf s'g} ;]jf jf ;d"x 125 u7g ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;]jf jf ;d"xdf ;]jf k|j]zsf lgldQ h'g;'s} ljifosf] z}lIfs of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ul/P tfklg ;f] ;]jf jf ;d"x u7g x'g' eGbf cufl8 b]lv axfn /xL gofF ;]jf jf ;d"xdf ;d'lxs[t ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] xsdf lghx¿ ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ lghx¿n] xfl;n u/]sf] tTsflng ;]jf, ;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt ljifosf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g]5 . -@_ ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ s'g} kbdf tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfdf kl5 kl/jt{g ul/Psf] eP klg lghsf] xsdf lgh ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ g} Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf dfGg' kg]{5 . &^= a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]M lghfdtL ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf l/Qm kbx¿df sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f a9'jf ug{sf] lgldQ /fhkqf+lst kbsf] xsdf l/Qm kbeGbf Ps >]0fLd'lgsf ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xcGtu{t 126 P]gsf] bkmf @! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]5g\ . /fhkq cg+lst kbx¿df To;/L a9'jf ug{sf] lgldQ ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf b]xfoadf]lhdsf lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g]5g\M– 127-s_ lgod &@ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -3_, -5_, -`_, -6_ / -7_ df pNn]lvt lgsfox¿sf l/Qm kbx¿sf] xsdf– 123 124 125 126 127 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk eO{ ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 48 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -!_ /fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] l/Qm kbsf] nflu ;a} dGqfno, 128 ;lrjfno jf cfof]u tyf ;f] dftxtsf ljefu / s]Gb|Lo :t/sf sfof{nox¿df sfo{/t ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk–;d"xsf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf ;a} lghfdtL sd{rf/L . -@_ /fhkq cg+lst låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf] l/Qm kbsf] nflu kb l/Qm ePsf] dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u, ljefu jf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf ;a} sd{rf/L . -v_ 129 cbfnt / lhNnfl:yt If]qLo, c~rn, l8lehg, lhNnf tyf O{nfsf:t/Lo sfof{nosf l/Qm kbx¿sf xsdf– -!_ cbfnt / ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] l/Qm kbsf] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfl:yt cbfnt / ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf 130 ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"xsf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf ;a} sd{rf/L . -@_ ======================= 131 -#_ pkv08 -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s l/Qm /fhkq cg+lst 132 ======kbsf] nflu ;f] lhNnfl:yt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;DaGwL ;a} sfof{nocGtu{tsf ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf ;a} sd{rf/L . -u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgod !$ adf]lhd kb k"lt{ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f eO{ a9'jfsf] nflu kb ;+Vof 5'6\ofO{ ;s]kl5 kb ;+Vof 5'6\ofpg' cl3 sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ;?jf cGo sfof{no eP tfklg lghnfO{ ;fljs -;?jf x'g'cl3_ sf] sfof{nodf 5'6\ofOPsf] kbdf x'g] a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'gaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g . &&= sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df a9'jfMfM lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg P]gsf] bkmf @$ adf]lhd u/L ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;a}eGbf klxn] a9'jf ul/g]5 . 128 129 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 130 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 131 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 132 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 49 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np t/ sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ ;dfg cÍ k|fKt ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf Ho]i7tfsf] cfwf/df a9'jf ul/g]5 / To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] Ho]i7tf lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf] cfwf/df ul/g]5M– -s_ xfn axfn /x]sf] >]0fLsf] kbdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf ;f]eGbf Ps txd'lgsf] >]0fLdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt s'g} klg cfwf/af6 Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;sf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df . t/ nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 v'nf k|ltof]lutf / a9'jf k|ltof]lutfsf] Ps} ldltdf l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePsf] /x]5 eg] v'nf k|ltof]lutfaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] Ho]i7tf sfod ul/g]5 . &&s= sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf] ;dfof]hgM gM -!_ P]gsf] 133 bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf] ;dfof]hg ubf{ P]gsf] bkmf @$3!= adf]lhd a9'jf ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿dWo]af6 ;a}eGbf Ho]i7 lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf @) adf]lhdsf] a9'jf ;ldltn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df ;dfof]hg ug]{5M – -s_ xfn axfn /x]sf] >]0fLsf] kbdf Ho]i7tf nfu" ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf ;f] eGbf Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbdf lgo'lQm jf a9'jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt cfwf/af6 ;d]t Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf xfn axfn /x]sf] >]0fLsf] kbsf nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]u jf a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;sf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df . t/ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 v'nf k|ltof]lutf / a9'jf k|ltof]lutfsf] Ps} ldltdf l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePsf] /x]5 eg] 133 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 50 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np v'nf k|ltof]lutfaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Ho]i7tf sfod ul/g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;dfof]hg ubf{ 6fOlki6 kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ck|fljlws tk{msf] h'g ;]jf, ;d"xsf] nflu tflnd lnPsf] 5 ;f]xL ;]jf, ;d"xsf] nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf] kbdf ;dfof]hgsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 . &*= sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍgM ofÍgM 134-!_135/fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg kmf/fd cg';"rL !% adf]lhd /, 136 /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cw{ jflif{s / jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] kmf/fd cg';"rL !%s adf]lhd x'g]5 . 137-@_lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu d"NofÍg ul/g] sd{rf/LeGbf sDtLdf Ps >]0fL dflysf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs x'g]5 / ;'k/Lj]IfseGbf Ps >]0fL dflysf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g]5 . t/– -s_ /fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/L sfof{no k|d'v x'g] afx]s /fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs /fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/L x'g] 5}g . -v_ lhNnfl:yt sfof{nox¿df /fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/Lsf] k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ k'g/fjnf]sg x'g] ;ldltsf] /fhkqf+lst cWoIfn] sd{rf/L gePdf tf]s]sf] clws[t k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g]5 . -u_ s'g} /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/Lsf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs /fhkqf+lst ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] sd{rf/L ePdf lghn] g} k'g/fjnf]sgstf{;d]t eO{ sfd ug]{5 . -3_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" dftxt sfd ug]{ ;dfg >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;d]t sfo{ 134 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 135 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 136 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 137 51 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] lgldQ ;'k/Lj]Ifs eO{ sfd ug{ ;Sg]5 . :ki6Ls/0fM :ki6Ls/0fM d"NofÍg ul/g] sd{rf/L / lghsf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs x'g] sd{rf/L ;dfg >]0fLsf] eO{ Pp6} ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xdf a9'jfsf] nflu b'j} ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g] ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] nflu pQm ;'k/Lj]Ifs x'g] sd{rf/Ln] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf plNnlvt cfwf/nfO{ b'li6ut u/L cfˆgf]] lnlvt dGtJo;lxt ;f] kmf/fd k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf cfkm"eGbf dflyNnf] >]0fLsf] sd{rf/L;dIf ;'kl/j]If0fsf] lgldQ k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -ª_ /fhkqf+lst ljlzi6 >]0fLdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] / / ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf sfod d'sfod eO{ sfo{/t 138 lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] nflu d'Vo ;lrjn] g} ;'k/Lj]Ifs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] ;d]t sfd ug]{5 . 139-#_/fhkq cg+lst sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu b]xfosf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5M– -s_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]usf] ;lrj jf ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] clws[t – cWoIf -v_ ;DalGwt k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ – ;b:o -u_ ;DalGwt ;'k/Lj]Ifs – ;b:o -$_ /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] nflu b]xfosf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 / b]xfosf] v08 -v_ / -u_ df plNnlvt kbflwsf/L Ps}hgf ePdf pQm ;ldltsf] ;b:odf dlGqkl/ifb\ ;lrjfnosf ;lrj klg /xg]5g\M– -s_ d'Vo ;lrj – cWoIf 138 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 139 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 52 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 140-v_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u, ljefu jf sfof{nosf] ;lrj jf ljlzi6 -u_ >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o ;]jf ;d"x;DaGwL dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o -$s=_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlzi6 141 >]0fLsf] kbsf] kbflwsf/L k|d'v x'g] lgsfodf To:tf] kb l/Qm /x]sf] jf To:tf] kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf lgsfosf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ tyf ;f] lgsfo cGtu{tsf ljefuLo k|d'vsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg b]xfosf clwsf/Laf6 x'g]5 M– -s_ ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ – k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] ;lrj -v_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltM -c_ d'Vo ;lrj -cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g –cWoIf dGqfnosf] ;lrj -O_ –;b:o k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] ;lrj –;b:o t/ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj sfod d'sfod ePsf] cj:yf /x]df k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] :yfgdf ;a} eGbf jl/i7 ;lrjn] ;b:osf] ¿kdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{5g\ . 142-%_/fhkqf+lst låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] nflu b]xfosf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5M– -s_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf sfof{nosf] ;lrj jf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t 140 klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 141 ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 142 – cWoIf 53 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ ;]jf, ;d"x;DaGwL dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf sfof{nosf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t -u_ – ;b:o ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o t/ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf tLg}hgf kbflwsf/L Pp6} dGqfnosf] x'g] ePdf v08 -v_ adf]lhd tf]lsg] clws[t cGo dGqfnosf] tf]Sg'kg]{5 . -^_ 143================ -&_ ;'k/Lj]Ifs, k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgafkt cÍ lb+bf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg kmf/fddf plNnlvt cfwf/ cg'¿k lbg'kg]{5 . 144-&s_cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cbfntsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ k'ga{xfnL ePdf cjsfz k|fKt ug'{eGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf lghn] hlt cÍ kfPsf] xf], lghnfO{ ;f]xL cg'kftdf cÍ lbOg]5 . t/ cfiff9 d;fGt cufl8 g} k'ga{xfnL ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ubf{ ;f] jif{sf] k"/} cjlw dfgL d"NofÍg ul/g]5 . -*_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof ckgfpg ;Sg]5M– -s_ k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿ 5fglag u/L ;f] kmf/fdx¿df sfo{ ;Dkfbg / cÍ ljt/0faLr ;fd~h:o sfod ug]{, -v_ s'g} lgsfosf] ;dli6ut pknlAw / To;df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍgaLrsf] kf/:kl/s ;DaGwdfly ljrf/ ug]{, 143 144 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 54 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -u_ k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿df cfjZos b]lvPdf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf ;'k/Lj]Ifs;Fu k'i6\ofOFsf] dfu ug]{ jf k'glj{rf/sf] nflu lgh sxfF k7fpg], -3_ k'gM k]z x'g cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf k'i6\ofOF cf}lrTok"0f{ gePsf] jf cÍ ;+zf]wg;d]t geO{ cfPdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] o; ljifodf l6Kk0fL u/L To:tf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] clen]v /fVg ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg] . 145-*s_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgafkt (% k|ltzteGbf a9L / &% k|ltzteGbf 36L cÍ k|bfg ug{ k/]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg'kg]{5 . 146-(_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] cÍ u0fgf ubf{ a9'jfsf] nflu cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{x¿sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cf};t cÍ u0fgf ul/g]5 . ============ 147 &*s=sfo{ &*s=sfo{s'zntfsf] d"NofÍg M P]gsf] bkmf !( pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ / 148 -v_ sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ sfo{s'zntfsf] d"NofÍg b]xfosf cfwf/df ul/g]5M– -s_ a9'jf x'g] kbflwsf/Ln] cl3Nnf] kbdf /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf g]t[Tj lb+bfsf] cj:yfdf sfo{/t lgsfosf] sfo{ kl/0ffd / u'0f:t/ . -v_ a9'jf x'g] kbflwsf/Ln] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ To:tf kbflwsf/Ln] b]vfPsf] l;h{gzLntf / cu|;/tf . -u_ a9'jf x'g] kbflwsf/Lsf] sfdk|ltsf] k|lta4tf / cg'zf;g . 149 &*v= sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ cjlw M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ >fj0f ;ft ut] leq cfˆgf] jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L sfof{nodf btf{ u/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L sfof{nodf btf{ eP kl5 ;f] kmf/fd btf{ ePsf] e/kfO{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . 145 146 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 147 ;fTff}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 148 149 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 55 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] >fj0f d;fGt leq d"NofÍg u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . -#_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s cw{ jflif{s cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ;ft lbg leq cfˆgf] cw{aflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L sfof{nodf btf{ u/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L k]z ePsf] cw{ jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf csf]{ ;ft lbgleqdf ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] d"NofÍg u/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ k[i7kf]if0f lbg' kg]{5 . /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] aflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf ;fydf cw{aflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd klg ;+nUg u/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd e/]sf] cw{ jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ lng' kg{]5 . -%_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd efb| kGw| ut]leq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf a'emfO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] efb| d;fGt leq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]u / a9'jf ;ldlt ;dIf a'emfO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltaf6 d"NofÍg ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfdfjnL ljj/0f ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno /xg] lgsfon] cfˆgf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf tyf pknJw eP ;Dd ljB'lto ;"rgf k|0ffnL -j]e;fO6_ df ;d]t k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -^_ ;doleq s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd k]z x'g jf bflvn x'g gcfPsf] sf/0fn] a9'jf ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfd sf/jfxL /f]Sg afWo x'g] 5}g . -&_ P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -^s=_ adf]lhd Dofb yk ug]{ ;do kl5 sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ubf{ pQm cfly{s jif{ leq xfn sfo{/t sfof{nodf btf{ ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f] cfly{s jif{ kl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ePdf To:tf] kmf/fdnfO{ dfGotf lbOg] 5}g . t/ of] lgod k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufl8sf jif{sf] 5"6 ePsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf leqdf btf{ u/L d"NofÍg u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . 56 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -*_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ge/]df To; cfly{s jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt lghnfO{ ;f] cfly{s jif{sf] nflu k"0ff{Ísf] krf; k|ltzt cÍ lbOg]5 . -(_ pklgod -!_, -@_, -#_, -$_ / -%_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;dofjlw leq cfˆgf]] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ u/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]sf] t/ ;DalGwt d"NofÍgstf{x¿af6 ;dofjlw leq d"NofÍg ePsf] /x]g5 eg] ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vn] plrt / dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] / /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6 d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 . t/, -!_ dGqfno jf dGqfno:t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfno jf dGqfno:t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ;lrjn] axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6 d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -@_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ljefuLo k|d'vn] axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6 d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -!)_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug{sf] nflu k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] j}7s /fVg] lhDd]jf/L ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] k|d'v / sd{rf/L k|zf;g x]g]{ k|d'vsf] x'g]5 . -!!_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fL ;Ddsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] j}7s j:g] ;dodf s'g} lgsfosf] ljefuLo k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g uO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] j}7s tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw leq j:g g;Sg] cj:yf cfPdf To:tf lgsfodf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] ¿kdf / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] cWoIfsf] ¿kdf sfd ug{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] ;f]xL lgsfodf sfo{/t /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/L dWo] ;a} eGbf jl/i7 clws[tnfO{ tf]sL ;dod} sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 . 57 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np &*u= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x¿ cfwf/x¿ M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg 150 d"NofÍg ug]{ qmddf ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf labfsf] cfj]bg glbO{ nuftf/ tL; lbg eGbf a9L cg'kl:yt ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ rf/dWo] pko'Qm Pp6f kIfdf -nfut, ;do, kl/df0f / u'0f_ dWo] cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -v_ gl;xt kfPsf] jf u|]8 /f]Ssf jf a9'jf /f]Ssfsf] ;hfo kfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] jif{df sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -u_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sd sfa' jflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]sf] egL sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fPsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s c¿ cj:yfdf cfly{s k|zf;g tyf k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL 5 dlxgfleq km5\of}{6 gu/fPsf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -3_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{sf]klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlwdf /sd lgsf;f / sfo{qmd :jLs[t e};s]kl5 klg jif{e/L krf; k|ltzt nIo k"/fug{ jf glthf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -ª_ sfof{no k|d'v jfx]ssf kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] nIo k|To]s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlw leq sd{rf/Lsf] ;fd"lxs a}7saf6 lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . To;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] nIo To:tf] krf; k|ltzt k"/f ug{ g;Sg] 150 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 58 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍgdf v08 -3_ adf]lhd sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], t/ v08 -3_ / -ª_ df tf]lsPsf] nIo ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0fn] geO{ cGo sf/0fn] k"/f x'g g;s]sf]df cÍ 36fOg] 5}g . -r_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;glxg sfd u/]sf] k|df0f ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -5_ lgod &*v=sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq cw{jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd geg]{ / Dofbleq jflif{s tyf cw{ jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] ;du| u'0f / kl/df0f ;DaGwL b'O{ cfwf/ dWo] Pp6fdf cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -@_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cÍ 36fpFbf Pp6} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Ps eGbf a9L cfwf/df cÍ 36fpg' kg{] ePdf Ps jif{df rf/j6f dWo] b'O{ eGbf a9L cfwf/df cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ 5}g . -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf sf/0f ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f] adf]lhdsf] cÍ g36fPsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] d"NofÍg stf{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf Ps cÍ 36fOg]5 . -$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf klg ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;lxtsf] sfuhft ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . 151 &(= =============== *)= =============== 152 153 *)s= ef}uf]lns If]qsf] ljj/0fM ljj/0fM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgafkt cÍ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ef}uf]lns If]qx¿sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g]5 . 151 152 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . 59 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 154 *)v= k'ga{xfnL ePdf kfpg] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cÍM cÍM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 cjsfz k|fKt u/L k'ga{xfnL eO{ sfdsfh u/]df lghnfO{ cjsfz kfPsf] jif{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]afkt cÍ lb+bf P]gsf] bkmf @$u= sf] 155pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd h'g ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qaf6 cjsfz kfOa;]sf] xf] ;f]xL ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cÍ lbOg]5 . t/ afFsL cjlwsf] nflu 157 156æ3Æ ju{sf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cÍ lbOg]5 . *)u= j}b]lzs tflndsf] tflndsf] cjlwsf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cÍM cÍM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L b'O{ dlxgf eGbf a9Lcjlw j}b]lzs tflnddf uPsf] ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] tflndsf] cjlwsf] ef}uf]lns If]q afkt P]gsf] bkmf @$u=sf]pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd æ3Æ ju{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cÍsf] cfwf cÍ / b'O{ dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf sd cjlw j}b]lzs tflnddfuPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ æ3Æ ju{ ;/xsf] cÍ lbOg]5 . 158*!= 159 ================ *!s= z}lIfs of]Uotf / tflndsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{kg]{M lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z u/]kl5 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dgf]gog eO{ ljb]zL ljZjljBfno jf dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xfl;n u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqafx]s cGo k|sf/af6 xfl;n u/]sf] ljb]zL ljZjljBfnosf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq k]z ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z ubf{ b]xfosf sfuhftx¿ k]z ug'{ clgjfo{ x'g]5M– 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 -s_ nAwfÍkq . -v_ k|df0fkq . -u_ cjlw v'Ng] labf lnPsf] k|df0f . -3_ :yfgfGt/ k|df0fkq . -ª_ ;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|df0fkq . -r_ ldlt / ;do v'n]sf] k/LIff sfo{qmd . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 60 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -5_ k/LIff z'Ns a'emfPsf] /l;b jf k|df0f / k|j]zkq jf tT;DaGwL cGo s'g} k|df0f . *!v= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|df0fLs/0f ug'{kg]g]{ M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf 160 :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ ;]jf k|j]z ug{] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu cfk"m lgo'Qm ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ ePsf] ldltn] k}+lt; lbgleq cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] nJwfË kq / k|df0fkqsf] b'O{ k|lt k|ltlnlk ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L cfk}+mn] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf k|j]z ul/;s]kl5 jf a9'jfsf] nflu yk z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L k]z u/]sf] ePdf ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhd g} ug{' kg{]5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt sfof{non] b'O{ dlxgfleq ;DalGwt dGqfno jf dGqfno :t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd k|df0fkq k|fKt eP kl5 ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu :jb]z leqsf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq ;DalGwt ljZjlaBfno jf kl/ifb\ jf jf]8{df / ljb]zL ljZjlabfno jf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gåf/f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjlaBfno jf pRrdfWolds lzIff kl/ifb jf k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ jf o:t} cGo ;+:yf dfkm{t ljb]zsf] ;DalGwt ljZjlaBfno, kl/ifb\ jf jf]8{df k7fpg' kg]{5 . -%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0f eO{ cfP kl5 ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/L, lgh sfo{/t sfof{no / lghfdtL lstfjvfgfnfO{ lbO{ To;sf] clen]v ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 . 161 *!u= z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf tflndsf] >]0fL afktsf] cÍ M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @$3= adf]lhd z}lIfs of]Uotf jf tflnd afktsf] cÍ lb+bf z}lIfs of]Uotf jf tflndsf] k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt >]0fLsf cfwf/df cÍ lbOg] 5 . 160 161 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 61 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ >]0fL gv'n]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] xsdf k|fKtfÍsf] cfwf/df lqe'jg ljZjlaBfno jf g]kfnsf cGo ljZjlaBfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] >]0fL jf ;f] ;DaGwL gLlt cg';f/sf] >]0fL sfod ul/g] 5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ tyf -@_ adf]lhd >]0fL gv'n]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf afkt låtLo >]0fL j/fj/sf] cÍ lbO{g]5 . -$_ ;DalGwt k|df0fkqdf >]0fL gv'n]sf] tflnd afkt låtLo >]0fLsf] cÍ lbO{g]5 . 162*@= ============= 163*#= *$= a9'jf ldlt / a9'jf lgo'lQm M -!_ 164P]gsf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePkl5 a9'jf ph'/Lsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ ;f] gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePsf] ldltaf6 kF}tL; lbg;Dd a9'jf l;kmfl/; kfpg] pDd]bjf/nfO{ a9'jf lgo'lQm glbO{ k|ltIff ;"rLdf /flvg]5 . pko'{Qm a9'jf l;kmfl/;pk/ ph'/L gk/]df ;f] gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] 5QL;f}+ lbg -ph"/ ug]{ Dofb ;lsPsf] ef]lnkN6_ sf] ldltaf6 a9'jf x'g] >]0fLsf] Ho]i7tf sfod x'g] u/L lgo'lQm lbg'kg]{5 . -@_ a9'jf l;kmfl/;pk/ 165P]gsf] bkmf @$r adf]lhd ph'/L k/]df b]xfocg';f/ Ho]i7tf ldlt sfod u/L lgo'lQm lbg'kg]{5M– -s_ 166P]gsf] bkmf @$r sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd a9'jf l;kmfl/; ;+zf]wg ug]{ lg0f{o ePdf ;f] adf]lhd ;+zf]lwt gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePsf] ldltb]lv167=========== -v_ ph'/L vf/]h ePdf jf klxn]sf] a9'jf l;kmfl/; g} sfod ePdf klxnf]k6s a9'jf l;kmfl/; k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] 5QL;f}+ lbg 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 168b]lv / bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 62 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 169-u_ s'g} a9'jf ;DaGwdf cbfntdf d'2f k/L a9'jf ab/ eO{ k'gM a9'jf ;ldltaf6 a9'jf ;DalGw lg0f{o u/]df kl5Nnf] k6s a9'jf ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] ldlt b]lv . 170-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq P]gsf] bkmf @)s= adf]lhd a9'jf x'g] ePdf a9'jf ;ldltn] To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] gfdfjnL a9'jf l;kmfl/;df ;dfj]z gug{ ;Sg]5 . *%= a9'jf ;ldltn] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]M /fhkqf+lst kbx¿df a9'jfsf] sf/afxL ubf{ o; kl/R5]bleq gk/]sf] ljifodf jf ;f]leq k/]sf ljifo eP tfklg lgodn] o:tf] ug]{ eGg] s]xL ;+s]t gu/]sf] ljifodf s'g} ck|Toflzt sl7gfO cfOk/]df a9'jf ;ldltn] P]g / o; lgodfjnLsf] p2]Zo k|lts"n gx'g] u/L cfjZos JofVof jf Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] JofVof jf Joj:yfnfO{ dfu{bz{gsf] lgldQ ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . *^= cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f a9'jfsf] nflu lj1fkgM lj1fkgM lgod !$ ad]flhd lgwf{l/t k|ltzt cg'¿k cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f x'g] 171======a9'jfåf/f k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ /fhkqf+lst kbx¿ k"lt{sf nflu nf]s;]jf cfof]un] ;DalGwt pDd]bjf/x¿sf] hfgsf/Lsf] lgldQ lj1fkg k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] lj1fkgdf a9'jf x'g] kbx¿sf] ;+Vof tyf ljj/0f, cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf Pj+ ;]jf cjlw, lgj]bgsf] clGtd ldlt tyf b/vf:t a'emfpg] :yfg;d]t v'nfOPsf] x'gkg]{5 . *&= cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfåf/f x'g] a9'jf jf k/LIffdf pDd]bjf/Lsf] Joj:yfM Joj:yfM lgod *^ 172 adf]lhd k|sflzt lj1fkg cg';f/ cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf nflu a9'jf ul/g] kbsf] Ps >]0fL d'lgsf] kbdf P]gsf] bkmf @! adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf a9'jf ul/g] kb;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jfsf lghfdtL sd{rf/L pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ . 173 *&s= a9'jf ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @)s= adf]lhd s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ a9'jf ubf{ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL / ;f] eGbf dflysf] kbdf a9'jf ug{ 169 ;ftf}F ;ftf}F 171 ;ftf}F 172 ;ftf}F 173 ;ftf}F 170 ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . yk . lemlsPsf] . ;+zf]lwt . ;+zf]lwt . 63 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifbn] / ;f] eGbf d'gLsf] kbdf a9'jf ug{ ;DjlGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]usf] ;lrjn] lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd a9'jf ubf{ ;DjlGwt ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'v / lghfdtL lstfavfgfaf6 pQm sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] cljlR5Ggtf / pd]/ j'emL a9'jf u/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lghfdtL lstfjvfgfnfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 . -#_ P]gsf] bkmf @)s=adf]lhd Ps >]0fL dflysf] kbdf a9'jf kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] tNnf] kbaf6 cjsfz ln+bf kfpg] ;'ljwf eGbf sd gx'g] u/L ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g]5 . 174 *&v= sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf @$3!= adf]lhd sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_ P]gsf] bkmf @$3!=sf] pkbkmf -!_ jf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿af6 b/vf:t cfXjfg ug{ ;DalGwt ;]jf ;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfnon] tL; lbgsf] ;dofjlw /fvL k|To]s jif{ cflZjg Ps ut] / r}q Ps ut] ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{5 . t/ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 klxnf] k6ssf] xsdf lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ;ft lbgleq b/vf:t cfXjfg ug'{ kg]{5 . -v_ b/vf:t kmf/fd k]z ug]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L lbg leqdf ;DalGwt a9'jf ;ldltn] k|fKt ePsf ;a} b/vf:t kmf/fdx¿sf] 5fgjLg u/L df3 Ps ut] / ;fpg Ps ut]b]lv h]i7tf sfod x'g] u/L k'; / c;f/ dlxgf leqd a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . -u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd a9'jf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm l;kmfl/;df lrQ ga'em\g] ghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] PSsfO; lbg leq nf]s ;]jf cfof]u ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 . 174 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 64 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf ph'/L pk/ 5fgjLg ubf{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf x'g] ePdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] gfd ;d]t ;f]xL a9'jfdf ;dfj]z u/L a9'jf ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . -ª_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] ph'/L ;'g'jfO{sf] qmddf a9'jf ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;d]t a9'jf ph'/L k/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbg leq a9'jf l;kmfl/; k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; lgod adf]lhd a9'jfsf] gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] a9'jfsf] lgo'lQm glnFb} sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgåf/f x'g] a9'jfdf ;d]t gfd ;dfj]z ePdf lghnfO{ o; lgod adf]lhd a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePsf] kGw| lbg leq /f]Hg nufO{ s'g} Pp6f a9'jfdf lgo'lQm lbOg]5 . **=6fOlki6 **=6fOlki6 kbsf] k"lt{ / a9'jf M -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP 175 tfklg lghfdtL ;]jfsf l/Qm 6fOlki6kbx¿sf] k"lt{ / 6fOlki6 kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf æ6fOlki6 juL{s/0f of]hgfÆ / ;do ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf]] sfo{ljlw adf]lhd ul/g]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg 6fOlki6 lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;DalGwt ;]jfsf] ck|fljlws tk{msf]] /fhkq cglÍt kbsf] a9'jfdf ;+efljt pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5g\ . t/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df a9'jf x'g o; lgodsf] Joj:yfn] afwf k'–ofpg] 5}g . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ x'g ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] lgsfoaf6 ;+rflnt ;]jf ;Fu ;DalGwt sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] tflnd lnPsf] / a9'jf x'g] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -$_ o; lgod adf]lhd a9'jf eO{ jf cGo h'g;'s} sf/0fn] ;d]t 6fOlki6 kb l/Qm ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] Ps dlxgfleq ;f] kb sfod /fVg jf sDKo'6/ 175 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 65 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ck/]6/sf] kbdf kl/jt{g ug{ n]vL k7fPdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] kGw| lbgleq ;f]kb sfod /flvlbg] jf sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ kbdf kl/0ft ug]{ lg0f{o ug]{5 . -%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;dofjlwleq kb sfod /fVg jf kb kl/jt{g ug{ sfo{jfxL grnfPdf To:tf] kb vf/]h x'g]5 . -^_ pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ df /x]sf] a9'jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf g]kfn ljljw ;]jfdf /x]sf sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ tyf ;xfos sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 . *(= k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffdf a9'jfsf] cfwf/M lghfdtL ;]jfsf l/Qm kbx¿df lgod *& adf]lhd cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds 176=========k/LIffåf/f a9'jf ubf{ nf]s;]jf cfof]un] ;~rfng u/]sf] k/LIffdf ;kmn x'g] pDd]bjf/x¿dWo]af6 l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 . *(s= :jtM a9'jf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM Joj:yfM -!_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd 177 /fhkq cglÍt rt'y{ >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sfod ubf{ To:tf] sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfodf :jtM /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf] kb ;[hgf x'g]5 / o;/L ;[hgf ePsf] kb ;DalGwt lgsfon] lghfdtL lstfjvfgfdf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ P]gsf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd :jtM a9'jf ug{ a9'jf x'g] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf cjlw / xfnsf] kbdf ;]jf k|j]z ubf{sf jvt tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf /fhkq cglÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{no k|d'vn] To;/L ;[hgf ePsf] kbdf a9'jf lgo'lQm u/L o;/L ;[hgf ePsf] /fhkq cglÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] kb btf{sf] nflu lghfdtL lstfjvfgfdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ kmflhndf k/L jf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] cltl/Qm ;d"xdf b/jGbL /xL cGo lgsfodf sfdsfh ug{ vl6Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] nflu lgh sfo{/t sfof{nodf :jtM dflyNnf] >]0fLsf] kb ;[hgf x'g]5 . To:tf sd{rf/LnfO{ :jtM a9'jf ubf{ lghx¿sf] :yfoL lgo'lQm kq / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf l;6/f]n btf{ ePsf] k|df0f ;d]tsf cfwf/df pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd a9'jf ul/g]5 . 176 177 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 66 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np t/ c:yfoL b/jGbLdf jf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb gePsf] lgsfodf sfdsfh ug{ vl6Psf] ePdf kmflhn /x]sf] lgsfodf jf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf dflyNnf] >]0fLsf] b/jGbL ;[hgf x'g]5 . -$_ o; lgod adf]lhd a9'jfsf] sf/jfxL ug]{ clwsf/ / bfloTj ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 . -%_ o; lgod adf]lhd x'g] a9'jf ;DaGwL sf/jfxLdf lrQ gj'em\g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] a9'jfsf] sf/jfxL ug'{ kg]{ clwsf/L eGbf dflyNnf] clwsf/L ;dIf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ pklgod -%_ adf]lhd ph'/L k/]df To;/L ph'/L k/]sf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq ;f] lgj]bg ;DaGwL ljifodf clGtd lg0f{o ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 . *( v= a9'jf ldnfg ug]{M -!_ s'g} a9'jf ;DaGwdf cbfntdf d'2f k/L a9'jf ab/ eO{ 178 klxn] a9'jf ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf sfod gx'g] ePdf / klxn]sf] a9'jf / a9'jf ab/ x'g] u/L cbfntaf6 k}m;nf ePsf] ldltsf jLrdf csf]{ lj1fkg ePsf] /x]5 / To;/L a9'jf ab/ ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L pQm lj1fkgdf a9'jf x'g] cj:yf /x]5 eg] To;/L a9'jf ab/ x'Fbf lj:yflkt x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ l/Qm kb ePdf l/Qm kbdf / kb l/Qm geP kl5 l/Qm x'g] ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"xsf] kbdf ldnfg x'g] u/L a9'jf lgo'lQm lbOg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd a9'jf ubf{ a9'jf ;ldltn] a9'jf ab/ ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] lj1fkg ePsf] / a9'jf ab/ ePsf] cjlw aLrdf ePsf lj1fkgdf To:tf]] sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf cfwf/x¿sf] k'gM d"NofÍg u/L a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg eO{g;s]sf] cj:yfdf of]Uotf qmdfg';f/ / a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sflzt eO{;s]sf] ePdf pQm lj1fkgdf Go"gtd\ cÍ k|fKt ug]{ eGbf a9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{ cj:yf /x]5 eg] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmlf/; ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/; ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Ho]i7tf lgh h'g lj1fkgaf6 a9'jf sfod x'g] xf] ;f]xL lj1fkgdf l;kmfl/; ePsf cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/x sfod x'g]5 . ()= pd/]sf] xb gnfUg]M a9'jfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pd]/sf] xb nfUg] 5}g . 178 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 67 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 179 ()s= g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:yfM Joj:yfM -!_ /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g]t[Tj d"NofÍgsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj –;+of]hs -v_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] k|zf;g tyf Joj:yfkg ljz]if1 -u_ –;b:o g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs –;b:o -@_ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g]t[Tj d"NofÍgsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5M -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj –;+of]hs -v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jl/i7td ;lrj –;b:o -u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj –;b:o -3_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] k|zf;g tyf Joj:yfkg ljz]if1 -ª_ –;b:o g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs –;b:o -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] k|To]s jif{sf] cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf a9'jfsf] nflu ;+efJo pDd]bjf/ x' g] ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|To]s jif{sf] cfiff9 dlxgfleq g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{5 . o; ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos kg{] ;"rgf ;DalGwt lgsfon] pknJw u/fpg' kg{]5 . -$_ g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ;ldltn] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ubf{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] jflif{s sfo{qmdsf] k|ult, gLlt ljZn]if0f Ifdtf, sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ g]t[Tj lng ;Sg] Ifdtf, lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf, ;]jfu|fxL ju{sf] ;Gt'i6L, j]?h' km5\of}{6sf] k|ult, ;+j}wflgs c+usf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf b]lvPsf] j]?h', ;fd"lxs sfo{ k|0ffnL, k]zfut ;+j]bglzntf, cGt/j}olQms ;DaGw tyf 179 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 68 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np sfo{/t lgsfodf u/]sf] /rgfTds jf l;h{gfTds ;'wf/ ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg'kg]{5 . o; pklgod adf]lhd ;ldltn] g]t[Tj d"NofÍg ubf{ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfosf sd{rf/Laf6 uf]Ko ¿kdf sfd k|ltsf] Jojxf/ / cfr/0fsf] ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ ;Sg]5 . -%_ pklgod -#_ sf] k|ltj]bgdf d"NofÍg ubf{ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf cfwf/x¿ cg';f/ ;DjlGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] :t/ :ki6 ¿kdf v'n]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -^_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] P]gsf] bkmf !% adf]lhd kb:yfkg ubf{, bkmf !* adf]lhd ;?jf ubf{ / bkmf !( adf]lhd a9'jf ubf{ pQm k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg ;lsg]5 . -&_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|ltj]bg uf]Ko /flvg]5 . t/ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lgj]bg lbO{ dfu u/]df lghsf] :t/sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -*_ g]t[Tj d"NofÍgsf] cGo cfwf/ tyf sfo{ljlw ;ldltn] to u/L lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . -(_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 . kl/R5]b–!! tna eQf (!= tnadfgM tnadfgM -!_ lgwf{l/t tnadfgcg';f/ tna kfpg] kbdf gofF lgo'lQm kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] tnadfgdf n]lvPsf] z'? tna kfpg]5 . -@_ dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] s'g} kbdf a9'jf kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] pQm tnadfgdf tf]lsPsf] z'? tna kfpg]5 . t/ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tna pQm dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] Go"gtd tna a/fa/ jf ;f]eGbf clws ePdf pQm dflyNnf] tnadfgdf lghsf] tna tf]Sbf b]xfoadf]lhd u/L tf]lsg]5M– -s_ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tna dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] z'? tna a/fa/dfq ePdf ;f] tnadf Ps tna j[l4 yk u/L tf]lsg]5 . 69 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ ;fljs kbdf kfO/x]sf] tna a9'jf ePsf] kbsf] z'? tnaeGbf a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf dflyNnf] kbsf] tna tf]Sbf xfn kfOcfPsf] tnadf gk'u;Ddsf] tna j[l4 yk u/L dflyNnf] kbsf] Ps tna j[l4;d]t lbOg]5 . 180-#_ P]gsf] bkmf #% jf bkmf #& sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cjlw yk u/L lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu hDdf ;]jf cjlw sfod u/]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] lgj[Qe/0f k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] yk u/]sf] cjlwsf] tna j[l4 /sd;d]t ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . (@= tna eQf kfpg] cGo cj:yfM -!_ Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf jf a9'jf ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;fljs sfof{no 5f]8L xfnsf] sfof{nodf axfnL ug{ o; lgodfjnLadf]lhd kfpg] tof/L Dofb ;ft lbg / af6f]sf] Dofbsf] nflu ;?jf jf a9'jf ePsf] kbcg';f/ xfnsf] sfof{noaf6 tna -:yfgLo eQfafx]s_ kfpg]5 . -@_ Ps sfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;?jf, a9'jf jf gofF lgo'lQm ePsf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ xfnsf] sfof{nodf axfn x'g gkfpFb} g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} tflnd lbg] jf c¿ s'g} ;/sf/L sfddf nufpg] lg0f{o u/]df ;f] cjlwsf] nflu ;?jf, a9'jf jf gofF lgo'lQm ePsf] kbcg';f/sf] tna -:yfgLo eQfafx]s_ lbOg]5 . 181-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt 5fqj[lQdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L dgf]gog eO{ ljb]zdf cWoog, tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fdf uPsf] sf/0faf6 tTsfn a9'jf lgo'lQm lng g;s]df jf s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L a9'jf eO{ a9'jf lgo'lQm lng' cufj} d[To' ePdf a9'jf ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv g} lghn] a9'jf ePsf] kb cg'¿k tna eQfnufotsf ;'ljwfx¿ kfpg]5 . (#= :yfgLo eQfM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L :yfgLo eQf kfpg] :yfgdf a;L sfd u/]sf] ePdf dfq To:tf] eQf kfpg]5 . s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kb:yfkgf :yfgLo eQf kfpg] :yfgdf ePsf] eP tfklg sfhdf jf cGo tj/n] s'g} eQf gkfpg] jf sd kfpg] :yfgdf a;L sfd u/]df lghn] ;f] cjlwe/ :yfgLo eQf kfpg] 5}g jf To:tf] :yfgsf] lgldQ tf]lsPsf] eQf;Dd kfpg]5 . 180 181 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 70 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kl/R5]b– !@ pkrf/ vr{ ($= pkrf/ vr{M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf cjlwe/df /fhkqf+lst >]0fLsf] sd{rf/L eP afx| dlxgf a/fa/sf], /fhkq cg+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] / ;f] ;/xsf] >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/L eP c7f/ dlxgf a/fa/sf] / cGo /fhkq cg+lst / >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/L eP PSsfO; dlxgf a/fa/sf] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tna /sd;Dd pkrf/ vr{afkt kfpg]5 . -@_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o la/fdL ePdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] /sddf ga9\g] u/L b]xfoadf]lhd ePsf] pkrf/ vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbg]5M– -s_ /f]usf] pkrf/sf] lgldQ :jLs[t lrlsT;sn] hfFr ubf{ nfu]sf] z'Ns tyf hfFr u/L n]lvlbPsf] k|]l:qmK;gcg';f/ cf}iflw lsg]sf] vr{, -v_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ x'Fbf / pkrf/ u/fpFbf nfu]sf] lanadf]lhdsf] vr{, -u_ c:ktfn / :jLs[t lrlsT;s klg gePsf] 7fpFdf ePsf] pkrf/df ljefuLo k|d'vafx]s cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ljefuLo k|d'vn] / ljefuLo k|d'vsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] vr{, :ki6Ls/0fM :jLs[t lrlsT;s eGgfn] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf jf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd lrlsT;ssf] ¿kdf btf{ ePsf 8fS6/, slj/fh, x]Ny cl;:6]G6 jf j}B;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . -3_ Knfli6s ;h{/Lafx]s ;a} lsl;dsf] lr/kmf/ -;lh{sn ck/]zg_ ubf{ nfu]sf] lanadf]lhdsf] vr{, -ª_ cfˆgf]] 3/ jf 8]/f 5f8L csf]{ lhNnf jf ljb]zdf uO{ cf}iflw pkrf/ u/fpFbf To:tf] :yfg;Dd k'Ubfsf] / kms{bfsf] la/fdLsf] / s'?jf rflxg] cj:yf eP Pshgf s'?jf;Ddsf] oftfoft vr{sf] k"/} /sd / vfgf vr{afkt ;DalGwt 71 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd kfpg] b}lgs eQfsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt /sd . -#_ o; lgodadf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k]ZsLsf] ¿kdf lng rfx]df ;f]sf] sf/0f d'gfl;a b]lvP o; lgodsf] cwLgdf /xL kl5 lx;fa a'emfpg] u/L k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL lnPsf] /sd kl5 lx;fa ubf{ pkrf/afkt kfpg] /sdeGbf a9L x'g cfPdf a9L eP hlt /sd ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] tnaaf6 ls:tfaGbLdf s§L ul/g]5 . To;/L s§L ug'{kg]{ /sd e'QmfgL gxF'b} ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf s§L ug{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd ldGxf x'g]5 . -$_ em'¶f Joxf]/f k]z u/L o; lgodadf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ jf k|fKt ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lnufot To:tf] em'¶f Aoxf]/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ :jLs[t lrlsT;s -sd{rf/L ePdf_ pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g ;Sg]5 . -%_ s'g} c:yfoL sd{rf/L la/fdL ePdf cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu lgsf;f lb+bf aL; jif{sf] cjlwnfO{ ;]jfsf] k"/f cjlw dfgL To;sf] cg'kftdf la/fdL x'g] c:yfoL sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwn] lx;fa u/L o; lgodadf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ lbOg]5 . t/ c:yfoL lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu x'Fbf eg] o; lgodadf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ kfpg] 5}g . -^_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf] cj:yfdf afx]s c¿ h'g;'s} Aoxf]/faf6 lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu x'Fbf o; lgodadf]lhd ;]jf cjlwe/df kfpg] pkrf/ vr{dWo] s]xL lnO{ jf glnO{ pkrf/ vr{ lng afFsL /x]sf] eP To:tf] afFsL /sd Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 . t/ lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] u/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] pkrf/ vr{afkt lng afFsL /sddf aL; jif{, kRrL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] qmdzM bz, kGw| / aL; k|ltzt yk u/L x'g cfpg] /sd Psd'i6 lng kfpg]5 . -&_ bz jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu vr{ lb+bf o; lgoddf tf]lsPsf] /sdnfO{ bz jif{ ;]jf u/]afkt kfpg] /sd dfgL bfdf;fxLn] x'g cfpg] /sddfq lbOg]5 . -*_ o; lgodadf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g g;Sg] u/L la/fdL ePsf] cj:yfdf la/fdL labf afFsL 72 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np eP;Dd la/fdL labf g} dfu ug'{kg]{5 . la/fdL labf afFsL gePdf dfq cGo labf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 . -(_ o; lgodadf]lhd :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ eO{ jf ljb]zdf uO{ pkrf/ u/fpg'kbf{ afx]s lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps jif{df lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] 8]9 dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/sf] /sd;Dd pkrf/ vr{ lbg ;lsg]5 . -!)_ o; lgodadf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] pkrf/ vr{sf] clen]v vr{ n]Vg] sfof{non] /fvL To:tf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt ljefu / lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf clen]v /fVg k7fpg'kg]{5 . -!!_ ;fwgljxLg b'u{d lhNnfdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu]sf] /f]u :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pkrf/ x'g g;Sg] eO{ lghsf] HofgnfO{ g} hf]lvd x'g] cj:yf k/]df ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] pkrf/sf] nflu To; 7fpFaf6 ;a}eGbf glhssf] g]kfnleqsf] c¿ s'g} ;'ljwfo'Qm :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf l56f] ;fwgåf/f n}hfFbf / ToxfFaf6 kmsf{pFbf nfUg] vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Aoxf]g]{5 . (%= yk cfly{s ;xfotfM ;xfotfM -!_ ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} lghfdtL 182 183sd{rf/L jf lghsf] klt jf kTgLnfO{ :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf pkrf/ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ul7t d]l8sn jf]8{n] l;kmfl/; u/] sf] cfwf/df lgod ($ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{sf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/n] plrt 7x¥ofPsf] yk cfly{s ;xfotf /sd lbOg]5 M– -s_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj – cWoIf -v_ yk cfly{s ;xfotf kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfd ug]{ lgsfosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw -u_ – ;b:o cy{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw -3_ :jf:Yo tyf hgn;+Vof dGqfnoaf6 tf]lsPsf] jl/i7 lrlsT;s 182 183 – ;b:o – ;b:o ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . cf7f}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 73 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -ª_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o"lgogsf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf – ;b:o -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] yk cfly{s ;xfotfsf] nflu /sd l;kmfl/; ubf{ s8f /f]usf] xsdf pkrf/ ubf{ nfu]sf]] /sdsf] aLn adf]lhd a9Ldf kfFr nfv ¿k}ofF;Dd l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . :ki6Ls/0fM :ki6Ls/0f o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu …s8f /f]uÚ eGgfn] d[uf}nf, d'6' / SofG;/ ;DaGwL /f]unfO{ hgfpg]5 . -#_ yk cfly{s ;xfotf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5'§} lgb]{lzsf jgfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 . kl/R5]b– !# lgj[Qe/0f, j[lQ / cGo ;'ljwf (^= czQm j[lQM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L c+ue+u ePsf] jf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] sf/0fn] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ¿kdf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] nflu czQm ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] hLljsfsf] lgldQ afFr'Gh]n;Dd czQmj[lQsf] ¿kdf pklgod -@_ df n]lvPadf]lhdsf] lgj[Qe/0f;lxt pklgod -#_ df n]lvPadf]lhdsf] czQm eQf kfpg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd czQm ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] eP lghn] tTsfn vfOkfO{ cfPsf] -sfod d'sfod eO{ sfd u/]sf] jf lgod $^ adf]lhd lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ;d]t_ tnan] P]gsf] bkmf #& adf]lhd lx;fa u/L x'g cfpg] /sd a/fa/ czQm lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]5 . To:tf] czQm ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] geP P]gadf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] jif{ k'¥ofpg gk'u k|To]s k"/f jf rfgr"g jif{sf] lgldQ bfdf;fxLaf6 /sd s§L u/L afFsL x'g cfpg] /sd lgj[Qe/0fafkt kfpg]5 . o;/L s§L ubf{ Ps ltxfO{eGbf a9L /sd s§L ul/g] 5}g . -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd czQm ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ rf]6k6ssf] cj:yf x]/L cfly{s ;xfotfafkt bz xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Ddsf] /sd lbg ;lsg]5 . 184======== 184 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 74 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd rf]6k6s nfUg uO{ pkrf/ u/fpFbf nfUg] pkrf/ vr{sf] ztk|ltzt /sd ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 . o:tf] pkrf/ vr{ kfPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kl5 la/fdL xF'bf lgod ($ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg ;Sg] pkrf/ vr{ kfpgdf s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -%_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] czQmtfafkt pklgod -@_ adf]lhd kfpg] czQm lgj[Qe/0fsf] cltl/Qm yk kfpg] dfl;s czQm eQfsf] /sd lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] aL; k|ltzt a/fa/ x'g]5 . :ki6Ls/0fM czQmj[lQ kfPsf jf kfpg] 7xl/Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kl5 s'g} ;]jfdf k'gM k|j]z kfPdf lghn] of] lgoddf n]lvPsf] czQmj[lQ kfpg] 5}g . t/ vfOkfO{ ;s]sf] czQmj[lQ jf cltl/Qm cfly{s ;xfotf /sd eg] lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ 5}g . -^_ czQmj[lQ kfpg] 7xl/Psf] jf kfO/x]sf] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ;f] czQmj[lQ kfpg z'? ePsf] ldltn] ;ft jif{leq ePdf ;f] ;ft jif{ k"/f x'g afFsL cjlwafkt kfpg] czQmj[lQ cg'bfgsf] ¿kdf Psd'i6 /sd 185lgod !)! sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ lbOg]5 . -&_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] hfgfhfg cfkm\g} uDeL/ nfk/afxLn] ubf{ c+ue+u ePsf] jf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] sf/0fn] czQm ePsf]df eg] o; lgodadf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g . (&= c+ue+u eP jf rf]6k6s nfu]afkt kfpg] ;'ljwfM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf rf]6k6s nfUg uO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lng'kg]{ geP tfklg ;f] rf]6k6ssf] sf/0faf6 lghsf] Ifdtf j[l4nfO{ jfwf kg]{ ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu]sf] rf]6k6ssf] cj:yfsf] ljrf/ u/L lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] clGtd :s]nsf] tna j[l4 jf bz xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd Psd'i6 /sd cfly{s ;xfotf lbg ;lsg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/ u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ cjlwe/sf] lgldQ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] s'g} klg ;+lrt labfaf6 labf s§f gx'g] u/L k"/f tna;lxtsf] yk la/fdL labf kfpg]5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd pkrf/ u/fpFbf nfu]sf] pkrf/ vr{sf] ztk|ltzt /sd To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 . o:tf] pkrf/ vr{ kfPsf] 185 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 75 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np sf/0fn] To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kl5 la/fdL xF'bf lgod ($ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg ;Sg] pkrf/ vr{ kfpgdf s'g} afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . 186-#s_ pklgod -#_ tyf lgod (^ sf] pklgod -$_ adf]lhd pkrf/ ubf{ cfFvf, xft jf v'§fsf] k|Tof/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ ePdf o;/L c+u k|Tof/f]k0f ubf{ nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 . -$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] hfghfg cfkm\g} uDeL/ nfk/afxLn] rf]6k6s nufPsf] sf/0fn] c+ue+u ePsf]df o; lgodadf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g . 187-%_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd pkrf/ u/fpFbf u/fpFb} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To;/L pkrf/ u/fpFbf nfu]sf] pkrf/ vr{sf] /sd lgod !)! sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ lbOg]5 . 188-^_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] pkrf/ vr{ kfpg c:ktfn egf{ ePsf] tLg dlxgf leq bfjL ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 . (*= c;fwf/0f kf kfl/jfl/s j[lQ tyf pkbfgM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L tTsfn d[To' ePdf jf To;sf] sf/0faf6 lgsf] gxF'b} kl5 d[To' ePdf lghsf] kTgL jf kltnfO{ 5'§} cfhLjg dfl;s kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf] ¿kdf P]gsf] bkmf #& sf] pkbkmf -@_ cg';f/sf] Go"gtd lgj[Qe/0fsf] krf; k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sd / yk pkbfgsf] ¿kdf d[ts sd{rf/Ln] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] tLg dlxgfsf] /sd Psd'i6 lbOg]5 . -@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 189ljb'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLnfO{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf dfq dfGotf lbOg]5M– -s_ pko'{Qm sf/0faf6 d[To' x'g] 36gf 36\g'cl3 To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw eO;s]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . -v_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] ;dodf lgh;Fu ;uf]ndf a;]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . -#_ ljwjf kTgL gePdf jf kltsf] d[To'cl3 lghaf6 5'l§;s]sf] ePdf jf To:tf] ljwjf kTgLsf] k'glj{jfx x'g'eGbf klxn] hGd]sf] lgh d[ts sd{rf/Lsf] ;Gtlt jf wd{k'qnfO{ pklgod -!_ df tf]lsPsf] k6s] pkbfg bfdf;fxLn] Psd'i6 186 ;ftf}F ;ftf}F 188 ;ftf}F 189 ;ftf}F 187 ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . yk . yk . ;+zf]lwt . 76 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lbg ;lsg]5 . t/ c7f/ jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf ;Gtlt jf wd{k'q /x]5g\ eg] lghx¿sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghx¿nfO{ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk'u'Gh]n;Ddsf] nflu bfdf;fxLn] ljwjf kTgLn] kfpg] kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf] cÍsf] b'O{ ltxfO{df ga9\g] u/L dgfl;a 7x/fPsf] b/n] yk kfl/jfl/s j[lQ klg lbg ;Sg]5 . -$_ d[t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljwjf kTgL jf ljw'/ klt, ;Gtlt jf wd{k'q wd{k'qL /x]g5g\ / lgh sd{rf/Lsf] cfl>t cfdf afa' b'j} jf tLdWo] s'g} Ps /x]5g\ eg] lghx¿sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ 190ljb'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] kfpg] kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf] cÍsf] b'O{ ltxfO{df ga9\g] u/L cfhLjg kfl/jfl/s j[lQ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ d[t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljwjf kTgL, ljw'/ klt jf ;Gtltsf] xsdf s'g} ljjfb ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] plrt / Gofo;+ut tl/sfaf6 sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ d[t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 192wd{k'q, 191ljb'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgL ;Gtlt, wd{k'qL jf cfdf afa' s'g} /x]g5g\ / To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] cfl>t bfh' efO jf cljjflxtf lbbL alxgLx¿ jf tLdWo] s'g} /x]5g\ eg] lghx¿sf] u'hf/fsf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgfl;a b]v]sf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu bfdf;fxLn] 193ljb'/ klt jf ljwjf kTgLn] kfpg] kfl/jfl/s j[lQsf] cÍsf] b'O{ ltxfO{df ga9\g] u/L dgfl;a 7x/fPsf] b/n] kfl/jfl/s j[lQ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . 194:Kfi6Ls/0fM :Kfi6Ls/0f o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu …cfdf jfa'Ú eGgfn] ljjflxt dlxnf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] …;f;" ;;'/fÚ;d]t nfO{ hgfpg]5 . ((= z}lIfs tyf ;Gtlt j[lQM QM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' ePdf jf ;f]xL sf/0fn] ubf{ cfhLjg sfd ug{ g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] d[t jf czQm sd{rf/Lsf] a9Ldf b'O{ ;GtltnfO{ c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/ gk'u'Gh]n b]xfosf] b/n] jflif{s z}lIfs j[lQ lbOg]5M– -s_ /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ b'O{ xhf/ rf/ ;o ¿k}ofF, 190 ;ftf}F ;ftf}F 192 ;ftf}F 193 ;ftf}F 194 ;ftf}F 191 ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;+zf]lwt . yk . ;+zf]lwt . yk . 77 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ /fhkq cg+lst / >]0fLljxLg sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ Ps xhf/ cf7;o ¿k}ofF . -@_ ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf d[To' ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] a9Ldf b'O{ ;GtltnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs j[lQnufot d[t sd{rf/L axfn /x]sf] kbsf] z'? tna :s]nsf] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] k|ltztsf b/n] dfl;s ;Gtlt j[lQ;d]t lbOg]5M– sd{rf/Lsf] kb z'? tnasf] k|ltzt -s_ d'Vo ;lrj –^ -v_ ;lrj / ;f] ;/x – ^=% -u_ cltl/Qm ;lrj / ;f] ;/x –& -3_ ;x–;lrj / ;f] ;/x –* -ª_ pk;lrj / ;f] ;/x – !) -r_ zfvf clws[t / ;f] ;/x – !@ -5_ gfoa ;'Aaf / ;f] ;/x – !@ -h_ vl/bf/ / ;f] ;/x – !@ -em_ d'lvof / ;f] ;/x – !# -`_ alxbf/ / ;f] ;/x – !$ -6_ – !% 195>]0fL ljxLg tyf /fhkqcglÍt kfFrf}+ >]0fL -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] j[lQ ;DalGwt ;Gtltn] c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f gu/];Dd kfpg]5 . :ki6Ls/0fM o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;Gtlt eGgfn] ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 5f]/f jf 5f]/L ;Demg'k5{ . !))= ;ldltsf] Joj:yfM Joj:yfM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' ePdf 196jf rf]6k6s nflu pkrf/ ug{' k/]df jf cfhLjg czQm ePdf lghn] lghsf] kl/jf/ jf ;Gtltn] kfpg] j[lQ 197pkrf/ vr{ jf pkbfgsf] ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfosf ;b:ox¿ ePsf] ;ldlt /xg]5M– -s_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf l:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf– 195 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 197 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 196 78 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -!_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] k|ltlglw, -@_ cy{ dGqfnosf] k|ltlglw, 198-#_ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf sfof{nosf] k|ltlglw . -v_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf afx]s cGo lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf– -!_ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, -@_ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] k|d'v, -#_ ;DalGwt d[ts sd{rf/Lsf] sfof{no k|d'v . t/ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g} sfof{no k|d'v ePdf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltnfO{ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] / czQmtfsf] ;DaGwdf 199/ ;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf ;d]t l;kmfl/; ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . 200-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] l;kmfl/; b]xfosf sfuhftx¿sf]] cfwf/df ug{' kg{]5 M– -s_ ;/sf/L sfdsf] nflu v6fPsf] k|df0f jf e|d0f cfb]z, -v_ ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf jf k|x/L k|ltj]bg, -u_ pkrf/ u/fPsf] c:ktfnsf] sfuhft jf ljn, -3_ pkrf/ ug'{ kg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfosf] l;kmfl/; . 201-$_ lgod (& sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd yk lj/fdL labf :jLs[t ubf{ ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;nfO{ cfwf/ dflgg]5 . :ki6Ls/0fM o; lgodfjnLsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu …;/sf/L sfdsf] l;nl;nfÚ eGgfn] cGoyf k|dfl0ft ePdf afx]s b]xfosf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpg]5 198 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 200 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 201 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 199 79 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -s_ s'g} klg a]nf sfof{no hfFbf / sfof{noaf6 kmls{Fbf jf sfof{no ;do leq jf aflx/ s'g} klg :yfgdf sfof{nosf] sfd sfhdf vl6Psf] cj:yf, -v_ ;/sf/L sfd sfhsf] nflu cGoq sfh vl6O{ uPsf] cj:yfdf sfh cjlwe/ . !)!= lgj[Qe/0f;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ pd]/ jf ;]jf cjlwsf] sf/0faf6 clgjfo{ cjsfz kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cjsfz x'g] ldlteGbf ^ dlxgf cufj} 202cg';"rL !&s adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd e/L cfkm" axfn /x]sf] sfof{nodfkm{t\ lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf clgjfo{ ¿kn] k7fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd eg{ gkfpFb} s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To:tf] d[t sd{rf/Ln] OR5fPsf] JolQmn] / s;}nfO{ gOR5fPsf] eP lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:odWo] b]xfPsf] qmdfg';f/ hf] hLljt 5 p;}n] ;DalGwt clwsf/L;dIf ^ dlxgfleq kmf/fd e/L k7fpg' kg]{5M– -s_ ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL, -v_ ;uf]nsf] 2035f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL jf ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L -u_ 204================== -3_ ;uf]nsf] afa', cfdf, -ª_ cfkm}n] kfngkf]if0f ug'{kg]{ k'?if sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf afh], aHo} 205/ 206ljjflxt cljjflxt dlxnf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;f;", ;;'/f / 5f]/fkl§sf] gflt, -r_ leGg a;]sf] klt jf kTgL, -5_ leGg a;]sf] 2075f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L, wd{k'q, cljjflxt wd{k'qL jf ljwjf 5f]/f a'xf/L -h_ 202 203 204 205 206 207 leGg a;]sf] 208=====afa' / cfdf, bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 80 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -em_ ;uf]nsf] bfh', efO, 209======= / 5f]/fkl§sf] cljjflxtf gfltgL, 210-`_ -6_ ;uf]nsf] cljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL 211 =========== ;uf]nsf] elthf, elthL, ;f}t]gL cfdf, leGg a;]sf 5f]/fkl§sf] gflt, cljjflxtf gfltgL, -7_ ;uf]nsf] sfsf, ljwjf sfsL, efph", efO a'xf/L, gfltgL a'xf/L, -8_ leGg a;]sf] bfh', efO, -9_ ljjflxtf lbbL, alxgL, leGg a;]sf afh], aHo}, 212===== gfltgL a'xf/L, elthf . :ki6Ls/0fM Ps} qmddf PseGbf a9L gft]bf/x¿ tf]lsPsf] eP ;f] qmddf tf]lsPsf] ;a} gft]bf/x¿n] a/fa/ lx;fadf d[t sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg ;Sg]5g\ . -#_ pklgod -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd kmf/fd k|fKt ePkl5 lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/L jf d[t sd{rf/Lsf] lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] gft]bf/nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf lgj[Qe/0fsf] clwsf/kq lbg'kg]{5 . lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu kmf/fd e/L k7fpg] JolQmn] s'g 7]ufgfdf lgj[Qe/0fsf] nflu clwsf/kq k7fO{ lbg'kg]{ xf] ;f] s'/f vf]nL lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf n]vL k7fpg' kg]{5 / ;a} /Lt k'u]sf]df ;DalGwt JolQmn] kfpg] u/L k}+tL; lbgleq lgj[Qe/0fsf] clwsf/kq ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ k7fO{ lbg'k5{ . 213!)!s= kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #( sf] pkbkmf -#s_ adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfjfns ;GtltnfO{ lgj[Qe/0f k|bfg ubf{ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] klt jf kTgLn] kfP ;/xsf] /sd To:tf] gfaflnu ;Gtlt c7f/ jif{ gk'u];Dd k|bfg ul/g]5 . 208 209 210 211 212 213 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . cf7f}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 81 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ P]gsf] bkmf #(u= sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfjflnu ;GtltnfO{ lgj[Qe/0f k|bfg ubf{ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d[ts lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] klt jf kTgLn] kfP ;/xsf] /sd c7f/ jif{ gk'u];Dd k|bfg ul/g]5 . -#_ o; lgod adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] ;Gtlt Ps eGbf a9L ePdf o; lgod adf]lhd kfpg] /sdaf6 To:tf k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ ;dfg lx:;fdf pknAw u/fOg]5 . -$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd lgj[Qe/0f pknAw u/fpFbf s'g} ;Gtltsf] pd]/ c7f/ jif{ k'u]sf] / s'g}sf] gk'u]sf] ePdf c7f/ jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf ;Gtltx? aLr lx;fa u/L lgj[Qe/0fsf] lx:;f sfod ul/g]5 . Æ !)@= a/a' a/a'emf/y gu/]df pkbfg jf lgj[Qe/0f /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg]M ;]jf lgj[Q lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] a'emfpg'kg]{ ;/sf/L gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft lgodfg';f/ ga'emfPdf To;/L ga'emfPsf] cjlw;Ddsf] nflu lghn] kfpg] pkbfg jf lgj[Qe/0f /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf] ;/sf/L gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft a'‰g'kg]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] klg tf]lsPsf] ;dod} a'lemlng'kg]{5 . 214 !)@s=clgjfo{ !)@s=clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] nflu pd]/ u0fgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf ## sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ u0fgf ubf{ P]gsf] Joj:yf cGtu{t j}olQms ljj/0f, gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq / z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqdf hGdldlt jif{, dlxgf / ut] ;d]t v'n]sf] / ;a}df Pp6} ldlt g/x]sf] ePdf h'gldltaf6 klxn] cjsf; x'G5 ;f]xL ldltaf6 cjsf; lbOg]5 . -@_ jif{ jf ;Dat\dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0f kqsf cfwf/df hGdldlt sfod ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd sfod ul/g]5M– -s_ gful/stfsf] k|df0f kqsf] xsdf k|df0f kq k|fKt u/]sf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -v_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0f kqsf] xsdf k|df0f kq hf/L ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df, -u_ l;6/f]nsf] xsdf ;'? egf{ ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df . -#_ s'g} k|df0f kqdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] / csf]{ k|df0fkqdf k"/f hGd ldlt v'n]sf] /x]5 tyf To:tf] k|df0f kqdf plNnlvt hGd ldltx¿sf] aLrdf Ps jif{ ;Ddsf] cGt/ b]lvPdf k"/f v'n]sf] hGdldltnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 . 214 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 82 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np t/ o;/L 5'§f 5'§} k|df0f kqdf pNn]v ePsf] hGd ldltsf] cGt/ Ps jif{ eGbf a9L ePdf jif{ dfq pNn]v ePsf] k|df0f kqsf] cfwf/df pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hGd ldlt sfod ul/g]5 . kl/R5]b– !$ ;]jf cjlw yk ug]{ / cjsfz lbg] cfwf/ !)#= !)#= 215============== !)$= 216============== !)%= 217============== kl/R5]b– !% ;hfo / k'g/fj]bg !)^= ;fdfGo ;hfo lbg] clwsf/L M b]xfosf] kbdf jxfn /x]sf lghfdtL 218 sd{rf/LnfO{ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/L b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M– -s_ sfof{no k|d'v / lghsf] sfof{nosf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{] jf a9Ldf b'O{ tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ug{], b'O{ jif{b]lv bhf{ gl;xt lbg kfpg] clwsf/L kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug{] jf b'O{b]lv kFfr tna j[l4;Dd /f]Ssf ug{] ;hfo ug{ kfpg] clwsf/L ! @ -!_ sfof{no k|d'v afx]s c¿ sfof{no k|d'v # ;DalGwt lghfdtL /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L eGbf sDtLdf Ps sd{rf/L >]0fL dflyNnf] bhf{sf] sfof{no k|d'v, ;f] geP 215 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . 217 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h . 218 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 216 83 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ljefuLo k|d'v -@_ sfof{no k|d'v afx]s ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/L ljefuLo k|d'v cGo /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL eGbf sDtLdf Ps >]0fL sd{rf/L dflyNnf] sfof{no k|d'v / ;f] geP ljefuLo k|d'v -#_ /fhkq cglÍt ljefuLo k|d'v ljefuLo k|d'v ljefuLo k|d'v ;DjlGwt ;lrj sfof{no k|d'v -$_ /fhkqflÍt sfof{no k|d'v -v_ dGqfno jf ;lrjfno dftxtsf c¿ c¿ ljefuLo k|d'v / lghsf] sfof{nosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ f/Lx¿sf] x¿sf] ;DaGwdf ! -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -@_ ljefuLo k|d'v afx]s @ # ljefuLo k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ljefuLo k|d'v /fhkqflÍt clws[t ljefuLo k|d'v ;DjlGwt ;lrj ;DjlGwt ;lrj ;DalGwt ;lrj c¿ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ ljefuLo k|d'v -u_ dGqfno tyf ;lrjfnosf] ;lrj / lghsf] sfof{nosf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DjGwdf ! @ -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;DalGwt dGqfno jf ;lrjfnosf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt clws[t # ;DalGwt ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t -@_ dGqfno jf ;lrjfnosf] ;lrj afx]s c¿ ;DjlGwt ;lrj ;DjlGwt ;lrj g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ dGqfno jf ;lrjfnosf] ;lrj 84 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -3_ f/Lx¿ x¿sf] cbfnt tkm{sf /fhkq cglÍt tyf /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L x¿sf] ;DaGwdf ! -!_ lhNnf cbfntsf /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -@_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L @ lhNnf GofofwLz jf lghn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt # lhNnf GofofwLz clws[t k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] /lhi6«f/ /fhkqflÍt clws[t ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t clws[t lhNnf GofofwLz lhNnf GofofwLz /lhi6«f/ afx]s ;f] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] cbfntsf cGo /fhkqflÍt /lhi6«f/ /lhi6«f/ $_ lhNnf cbfntsf /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -%_ k'g/fjb]g cbfntsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L -^_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ afx]s ;f] cbfntsf cGo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ sd{rf/L -&_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] ;f]xL GofofwLz cbfntsf] GofofwLz -*_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ k|wfg GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz k|wfg GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz 85 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -ª_ clVtof/ b'¿kof] ¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{no, nf]s ¿k ;]jf cfof]u tyf lgjf{ lgjf{rg cfof]usf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ f/Lx¿sf] x¿sf] ;DaGwdf ! @ -!_ /fhkq cglÍt # ;DalGwt cfof]u jf lgsfosf] ;DalGwt cfof]u jf lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbflwsf/Ln] lgsfosf] ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbflwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt clws[t tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t -@_ ;lrj jf ;f] ;DalGwt cfof]u jf lgsfosf] ;DalGwt cfof]u jf ;/xsf] kbflwsf/L ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbflwsf/L lgsfosf] ;lrj jf ;f] afx]s c¿ ;/xsf] kbflwsf/L /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ ;lrj jf ;f] g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;/xsf] kbflwsf/L -r_ /fhZj Gofoflws/0fsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL @ # cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/L ;b:o -@_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -5_ cWoIf cWoIf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no tyf ;f] sfof{no dftxtsf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nox¿ ox¿sf x¿sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ f/Lx¿sf] x¿sf] ;DaGwdf ! -!_ lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn @ lhNnf GofoflwjQmf # ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt jsLn sfof{nosf ;x lghfdtL sd{rf/L GofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] ;f]xL sfof{nosf] pk–GofoflwjQmf jf cGo s'g} clws[t 86 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jsLn ;DalGwt ;x ;DjlGwt ;x GofoflwjQmf sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt GofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L pk–GofoflwjQmf jf cGo s'g} clws[t -#_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] dxfGofoflwjQmfn] sfof{nosf /fhkq cglÍt tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -$_ lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{no / k'g/fj]bg dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] ;x GofoflwjQmf clws[t ;DalGwt k'g/fj]bg jl/i7td\ gfoj ;/sf/L jsLn dxfGofoflwjQmf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf sfof{nosf låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf ;xGofoflwjQmf /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -%_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf /fhkqflÍt jl/i7td\ gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf dxfGofoflwjQmf låtLo tyf t[tLo >]0fLsf clws[tx¿ -^_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no tyf k'g/fj]bg jl/i7td\ gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf dxfGofoflwjQmf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nosf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf clws[tx¿ -&_ gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf -h_ dxfGofoflwjQmf dxfGofoflwjQmf k|zf;sLo cbfntsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L @_ /lhi6«f/ afx]s c¿ @ cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] # /lhi6«f/ /fhkqfl+st clws[t /lhi6«f/ cWoIf /fhkqflÍt clws[t 87 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -#_ /lhi6«f/ -em_ em_ cWoIf cWoIf Gofo kl/ifbsf] ;lrj / cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! @ -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL # ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/L ;x;lrj /fhkqflÍt clws[t -@_ /fhqf+lst t[tLo / låtLo ;x;lrj ;lrj ;lrj ;lrj Gofo kl/ifbsf] cWoIfn] Gofo kl/ifbsf] cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] Gofo kl/ifbsf] tf]s]sf] Gofo kl/ifbsf] ;b:o ;b:o >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ /fhqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/L -$_ ;lrj -`_ g]kfn sfg"g cfof]usf] ;lrj / cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! @ -!_ /fhkq cglÍt ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] sDtLdf /fhkqfl+st clws[t /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf] clws[t ;lrj ;lrj g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn ;/sf/ lghfdtL sd{rf/L -@_ /fhkqflÍt # lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ ;lrj -6_ Gofo ;]jf tflnd s]Gb|sf tflnd k|d'v / cGo lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -@_ /fhkqflÍt t[tLo / låtLo >]0fLsf clws[t lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ tflnd k|d'v @ tflnd k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt clws[t tflnd k|d'v # pk tflnd k|d'v tflnd k|d'v sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo sfg"g, Gofo tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf] ;+;bLo Joj:yf ;lrj dGqfnosf] ;lrj 88 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -7_ ljz]if cbfntsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! @ -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL # /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt /lhi6«f/ sd{rf/L clws[t -@_ /lhi6«f/ afx]s cGo /lhi6«f/ /lhi6«f/ cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o cWoIf /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L -#_ /lhi6«f/ -8_ C0f c;'nL Gofoflws/0fsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! @ -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL # >]it]bf/ cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/L ;b:o -@_ /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/L -9_ cWoIfn] tf]s]sf] ;b:o cWoIf C0f c;'nL k'g/fj]bg Gofoflws/0fsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! @ # -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL >]it]bf/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L sd{rf/L -@_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L sd{rf/L -0f_ >d cbfntsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ! @ # -!_ /fhkq cglÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L >]it]bf/ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L -@_ /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/L d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L !)&= lgnDag / ;kmfOsf] df}sfM -!_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ug'{k/]df ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDag kq / P]gsf] bkmf ^^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;kmfO k]z ug{ n]lvPsf] kq ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 . 89 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L;Fu ;kmfO dfu ug'{eGbf cufj} :jo+ jf s'g} cGo clws[tåf/f P]gsf] bkmf ^^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ljefuLo hfFra'em u/fO{ lghsf] 7x/;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg lng ;Sg]5 . !)*= hfFra'em ug]{ clws[tn] ckgfpg] sfo{ljlwM -!_ hfFra'em ug]{ clws[tnfO{ b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ ljefuLo hfFra'emsf] sf/afxL rnfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5M– -s_ aofg u/fpg], lnlvt k|df0fx¿ bflvn u/fpg] / ;fIfLsf] gfddf ;dfJxfg hf/L ug]{ cflb ljifodf cbfntnfO{ eP;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] . -v_ cleof]u nfu]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df ;a'b k|df0f a'‰g] . -u_ cleof]u nfu]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fIfL;Fu lh/x ug{ / cleof]ulj?4 ;a'b k|df0f bflvn ug]{ df}sf lbg] . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] hfFra'emsf] sfd ;lsPkl5 cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/L;dIf hfFra'em clws[tn] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . lghn] To:tf] k|ltj]bgdf ;hfo;DaGwL sf/0f;lxtsf] cfˆgf]] 7x/sf] ;fy} hf] ePsf] ;a'b k|df0f klg bflvn ug'{kg]{5 . !)(= ljefuLo hfFra'em u/fpg' u/fpg' gkg]{M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf] ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljefuLo hfFra'em u/fO{ /xg' kg]{ 5}gM– -s_ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;fdfGo ;hfo ug'{k/]df . -v_ efuL kQf gnfu]sf] jf c¿ s'g} sf/0fn] ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ c;Dej ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{k/]df . -u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ck/fwL k|dfl0ft ePsf] cfwf/df s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg'k/]df . 219-3_ e|i6frf/sf] cf/f]kdf cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/ 7xl/Psf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{ k/]df . !!)= ;kmfO ;Gtf]ifhgs gx'gfsf] sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{M ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/L;Fu P]gsf] bkmf ^& adf]lhd :ki6Ls/0f dfu ubf{ To;cl3 P]gsf] bkmf ^^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO 219 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 90 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To;sf] sf/0f klg v'nfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf P]gsf] bkmf ^^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ljefuLo hfFra'em u/fOPsf] eP ;f]sf] glthf;d]t pNn]v u/L k|:tfljt ;hfosf] cf}lrTo klg pQm :ki6Ls/0fdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . !!!= nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng] sfo{ljlwM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'eGbf klxn] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] P]gsf] bkmf ^* adf]lhd nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{sf] lgldQ n]vL k7fpFbf tT;DaGwdf k|:t't ePsf ;kmfO, :ki6Ls/0f tyf ;a'b k|df0f;d]tsf] d"NofÍg u/L ;f] cfwf/df 7x/ ug{ vf]lhPsf] ljefuLo ;hfo;d]t k|:tfljt u/L ;DalGwt ;a} ;Ssn sfuhft;lxtsf] kmfon ;+nUg /fvL k7fpg' kg]{5 . !!@= ;hfosf] cfb]z / gSsn;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lpk/ s'g} ljefuLo ;hfosf] lg0f{o ubf{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ ;kmfO jf :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{ kof{Kt df}sf k|bfg eP gePsf] ;d]t ljrf/ u/L lgh sd{rf/Laf6 k]z ePsf] ;kmfO, :ki6Ls/0f tyf pknAw ;Dk"0f{ ;a'b k|df0fsf] ;d'lrt d"NofÍg u/L :ki6 sf/0f v'nfO lg0f{o ug'{kg]{5 . o;/L ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;hfosf] cfb]zsf] ;DaGwdf cfˆgf]] :ki6 /fo;fy cg';"rL– !& adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Pp6f ;hfo k|:tfljt u/L ;kmfO, :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]/ kl5 csf]{ ;hfo lbg] u/L lg0f{o ug'{ x'Fb}g . t/ s'g} sf/0f k/L 36L jf a9L ;hfo ug'{kg]{ cj:yf k/]df lgod !!) / !!! sf] sfo{ljlw k'gM k"/f ug'{kg]{5 . -#_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] lg0f{o ubf{ lg0f{o ldlteGbf klxn]b]lv g} nfu" x'g] u/L lg0f{o ug'{ x'Fb}g . 220t/ P]gsf] bkmf ^! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -5_ adf]lhdsf] s;'/df ;hfo ubf{ pQm adf]lhd gAa] lbg k"/f ePsf] ef]nLkN6b]lv / ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;hfo ubf{ cbfntaf6 s;"/ 7x/ ePsf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g] u/L lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]5 . 220 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 91 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -$_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]zsf] Psk|lt gSsn ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ lagf b:t'/ lbg'kg]{5 . !!#= k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] ;ldltsf] u7gM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lpk/ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg'cl3 ;hfo lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] rfx]df lghnfO{ k/fdz{ lbg g]kfn ;/sf/n] k/fdz{ ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . !!$= k'g/fj]bgsf] sfo{ljlwM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ lbPsf] ljefuLo ;hfolj?4 k'g/fj]bg lbg'k/]df b]xfoadf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5M– -s_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆg} gfdaf6 k'g/fj]bg lbg'kg]{5 / To:tf] k'g/fj]bg plrt / cfb/;"rs efiffdf n]lvPsf] x'g'kg]{5 . -v_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] k'g/fj]bgsf] ;fydf cfˆgf]] ;kmfOsf] lgldQ hf] ePsf] ;a'b k|df0f ;+nUg /fVg'sf ;fy} h'g cfb]zsf] lj?4 k'g/fj]bg ul/Psf] xf] ;f] cfb]zsf] gSsn;d]t ;+nUg ug'{kg]{5 . -u_ k'g/fj]bg lb+bf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L 221k|zf; f;s sL o cbfnttdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . cbfn -3_ ;hfosf] cfb]z kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq k'g/fj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . t/ k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb g3fO{ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ JolQmn] kof{Kt sf/0f b]vfO{ lgj]bg lbPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln] d'gfl;a 7x/fPdf 222b'O{ dlxgf;Dddf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgnfO{ btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 . 223!!%= ============ kl/R5]b– !^ ljljw 224 !!^= !!^=k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s jif{ k|To]s lhNnfaf6 Ps hgf tyf k|To]s dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u jf ;f] cGtu{tsf ljefu / sfof{noaf6 Ps hgf 221 ;ftf}F ;ftf}F 223 ;ftf}F 224 ;ftf}F 222 ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;+zf]lwt . vf/]h ;+zf]lwt . 92 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np pTs[i6 sd{rf/L 5gf}6 u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] /sd k'/:sf/ :j¿k lbOg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sd{rf/L 5gf}6 ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg]5 M -s_ dGqfno, ;lrjfno, cfof]u cGtu{tsf] sd{rf/L 5gf}6sf] xsdf – -!_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]usf] ;lrj -@_ –cWoIf ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]u cGtu{tsf ljefuLo k|d'vx¿ -v_ – ;b:o lhNnf:t/sf sd{rf/L 5gf}6sf] xsdf – -!_ lhNnf GofofwLz -@_ lhNnf k|zf;g –cWoIf sfof{nosf] k|ltlgwL -#_ lhNnf –;b:o ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] k|ltlgwL –;b:o -#_ o; lgod adf]lhd sd{rf/L 5gf}6 ;DaGwL dfkb08 / cfwf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . -$_ pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]udf tyf v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf /xg]5 . !!^s=lghfdtL !!^s=lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|To]s jif{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ 225 pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df b]xfoadf]lhdsf] lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ lbg]5M– k'/:sf/sf] gfd /sd ;+Vof -s_ ;jf]{Ts[i6 lghfdtL ;]jf ?= @,)),))).– Ps hgfnfO{ k'/:sf/ 225 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 93 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ pTs[i6 lghfdtL ;]jf ?= !,)),))).– 226b; hgfnfO{ k'/:sf/ -u_ lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ ?= %),))).– 227tL; hgfnfO{ -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k'/:sf/ l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg]5M– -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj – cWoIf -v_ sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o -u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} ;lrj -3_ -ª_ – ;b:o ljlzi6 >]0fLaf6 ;]jflgj[Q sd{rf/LdWo] g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] JolQm – ;b:o ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj – ;b:o–;lrj -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/x¿ k|bfg ug{sf nflu pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 5gf}6 u/L l;kmfl/; ug]{5M– -s_ ;DalGwt dGqfno, ;lrjfno jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;, -v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg, -u_ sfo{ Ifdtf / sfo{ bIftf, -3_ Ho]i7tf, nugzLntf, st{Jolgi7tf / Jofj;flos bIftf . 228-#s_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] k'/:sf/sf] nlfu l;kmfl/; ubf{ ef}uf]lns ¿kn] ;d]t ;Gt'ng ldNg] u/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug'{ kg]{5 . 229-#v_ lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/sf] ;fydf lbOg] k|df0f kqsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL–!&v= adf]lhd x'g]5 -$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf /xg]5 . 226 cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 228 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 229 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 227 94 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np !!^v= lghfdtL ;]jf lbj; M -!_ k|To]s jif{sf] efb| afO; ut] lghfdtL ;]jf lbj; 230 dgfOg]5 . -@_ lghfdtL ;]jf lbj; dgfpgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf lghfdtL ;]jf lbj; ;df/f]x ;ldltsf] u7g ul/g] 5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd u7g ul/g] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 . 231 !!^u= sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]ifMfM -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;'wf/ u/L ;]jfdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg P]gsf] bkmf @*s= adf]lhd Ps sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] sf]ifsf] cwLgdf /xg] u/L dGqfno, cfof]u, ;lrjfno:t/sf] s]Gb|Lo lgsfodf sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] cfkm" / cGtu{t lgsfosf] ;fwf/0f tk{msf] pkef]u / sfof{no ;+rfng vr{df cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] eGbf sd vr{ u/L jrt u/]sf] /sdsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|f]T;fxg :j¿k yk u/L lbPsf] /sd ;d]t hDdf ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd hDdf ePsf] /sdaf6 ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] cfkm" / cfkm" cGtu{tsf lgsfosf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/sf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df sd{rf/L / sfof{nonfO{ k|f]T;fxg :j¿k k'/:sf/ /sd lbg ;Sg]5 . -%_ o; lgodsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L s'g} klg lgsfon] sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg sf]if agfpg ;Sg] 5}g . -^_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg sf]ifsf] Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng ug{ / lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5'§} lgb]{lzsf jgfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 . !!&= sDkgLsf] :yfkgf / Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{M P]gsf] bkmf $* adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf sDkgLsf] :yfkgf, /lhi6«]zg jf ;~rfngsf] sfddf efu lng, s'g} Jofkf/ jf Joj;fo ug{ jf cGoq s'g} k|sf/sf] ;]jf :jLsf/ ug{ rfxg] 230 231 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 95 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np /fhkqf+lst lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf, ;d"x;DaGwL dGqfnoaf6 / /fhkq cg+lst tyf >]0fLljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ljefuLo k|d'vaf6 :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . t/ lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf /fhkq cg+lst tyf >]0fLljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] o:tf] :jLs[lt ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 lng' kg]{5 . !!&s= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o"lgog M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] 232 v08 -s_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] /fli6«o:t/sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o'lgog btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu sfo{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] kbflwsf/Ln] s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox¿sf] x:tfIf/ u/fO{ ljwfg ;+nUg u/L cg';"lr–!&u= adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefudf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd 6]«8 o'lgog btf{ u/fpg lbO{g] lgj]bg / ljwfg;fy 6]«8 o'lgogsf] sDtLdf aL; lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt u7g ePsf] ljj/0f / 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|dfl0ft sDtLdf kfFr xhf/ ;b:ox¿sf] x:tfIf/ ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg ;DaGwdf bfjL lj/f]wsf] nflu kGw| lbgsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L bfjL lj/f]w k/]df ;f] ljifodf ;d]t 5fgjLg u/L btf{sf] nflu /Lt k'u] gk'u]sf] x]/L] bfjL lj/f]w kg]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] kGw| lbg leq btf{ u/L ;f]sf] k|df0fkq lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf /fli6«o :t/df /xg] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldlt dftxt s]Gb|Lo:t/df ljefuLo:t/sf] ljefuLo sfo{ ;ldlt tyf lhNnf:t/df lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt u7g x'g ;Sg]5 . -%_ k|To]s dGqfno÷;lrjfno÷cfof]u jf ljefu / s]Gb|Lo:t/sf sfof{nodf ljefuLo :t/sf sfo{ ;ldlt u7g x'g ;Sg]5g\ . o;/L ljefuLo:t/sf sfo{ ;ldlt u7g x'gsf] nflu pQm ljefu :t/sf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿dWo] 6]«8 o'lgogdf cfjå x'g kfpg] s'n lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;+Vofsf] jL; k|ltztn] ;b:otf lnPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -^_ k|To]s lhNnfdf lhNnf :t/sf] sfo{ ;ldlt u7g x'gsf] nflu pQm lhNnf l:yt lhNnf, c~rn jf If]qLo :t/sf sfof{nodf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿dWo] 6]«8 o'lgogdf cfjå x'g kfpg] s'n sd{rf/L ;+Vofsf] jL; k|ltzt sd{rf/Ln] ;b:otf lnPsf] x'g' kg]{5 . 232 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 96 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -&_ pklgod -%_ / -^_ adf]lhdsf] 6]«8 o'lgog btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu 6]«]8 o'lgogdf cfj4 x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] x:tfIf/ ;lxt ;DalGwt >d sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L lgj]bg k/]sf]df pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ /fli6«o :t/sf] dfGotf k|fKt 6«]8 o"lgog lhNnf :t/df lqmoflzn /xg o; pklgod adf]lhd btf{ x'g cfjZos kg]{5}g . -*_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/L Ps} k6s Ps eGbf a9L 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;b:o x'g] 5}g . -(_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ;b:o eO{ /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfof{no k|d'v ePdf lghsf] 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ;b:otf :jtM lg:s[o x'g]5 / 6]«8 o'lgogdf lghsf] dtflwsf/ /xg] 5}g . -!)_ pklgod -#_ / -&_ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf 6]«8 o'lgog k|To]s rf/ jif{df gjLs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 / gjLs/0f ubf{ ;d]t pklgod -@_, -%_ / -^_ adf]lhdsf] zt{ k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] nflu tTsfn cl3 ePsf] lgjf{rgdf jL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug]{ 6«]8 o'lgog gjLs/0f ug{ plNnlvt zt{ k"/f ug'{ kg]{ 5}g . -!!_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ljwfgdf b]xfosf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 M– -s_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ 6]«8 o'lgog :yfkgf ug'{sf] p2]Zo, -u_ sfo{ ;ldltsf] u7g ljlw / sfo{ cjlw -a9Ldf rf/ jif{ x'g]_, -3_ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf, kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof / ltgLx¿sf] lgjf{rg k|lqmof, -ª_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] sf]if / To;sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf, -r_ kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lj?4df cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj Nofpg ;lsg] Joj:yf, -5_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] /fli6«o clwj]zg / sfo{ ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / a}7s ;DaGwL Joj:yf -h_ 6]«8 o'lgogsf] ljwfg ;+zf]wg k|lqmof, 97 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -em_ 6]«8 o'lgog lj36g ;DaGwL Joj:yf / o;/L lj36g ePdf To;sf] ;DkQL / bfloTj ;DaGwL Joj:yf, -`_ cflwsfl/s 6]«8 o'lgogdf k|ltlglgwTj u/fpg] / lkmtf{ af]nfpg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf . -!@_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg /fli6«o :t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogjLr af6 tyf ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ;DalGwt ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf dfGotfk|fKt 6]«8 o'lgog jLr af6 x'g]5 . -v_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf k|fKt dtsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt 6«]8 o'lgogx¿n] kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox¿ rog u/L k7fpg]5g\ . -u_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] :j¿k b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -!_ s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M– -@_ -s_ cWoIf –! -v_ pkfWoIf –! -u_ dxf;lrj –! -3_ ;lrj –! -ª_ sf]iffWoIf –! -r_ ;b:ox¿ –!^ ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M -s_ cWoIf –! -v_ pkfWoIf –! -u_ ;lrj –! -3_ ;x;lrj –! -ª_ sf]iffWoIf –! 98 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -r_ -3_ ;b:ox¿ –^ s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] u7g k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -!_ /fli6«o:t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogdWo]af6 6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] afF8kmfF8 b]xfo adf]lhd ul/g]5M -@_ -s_ klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n]–cWoIf / sf]iffWoIf -v_ bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – dxf;lrj -u_ t];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – pkfWoIf -3_ rf}yf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] – ;lrj /fli6«o:t/sf 6«]8 o'lgog dWo]af6 cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf ;b:ox¿sf] afF8kmfF8 s"n ;b:o;+Vof !^ nfO{ !)) dfgL k|fKt dt k|ltztsf] cfwf/df x'g]5 . t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf rf/ j6f 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt gePsf] cj:yfdf kbsf] afF8kmfF8 b]xfo adf]lhd yk kb k|fKt ug]{5g\ M– -s_ b'O{ j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] pkfWoIf kb / bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] ;lrj kb . -v_ tLg j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] pkfWoIf kb . -ª_ ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] u7g k|s[of b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M -!_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf ;DalGwt ljefu:t/df / lhNnf:t/df v;]sf] dt k|ltztsf] cfwf/df ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] afF8kmfF8 b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M 99 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ -s_ klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] –cWoIf / sf]iffWoIf -v_ bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] –pkfWoIf -u_ t];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] -3_ rf}yf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] –;x;lrj –;lrj ;b:ox¿sf] afF8kmfF8 s'n ;b:o ;+Vof ^ nfO{ !)) dfgL k|fKt dt k|ltztsf] cfwf/df x'g]5 . t/ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgdf rf/ j6f 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt gePsf] cj:yfdf kbsf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd yk kb k|fKt ug]{5g\ M– -s_ b'O{ j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] ;lrj kb / bf];|f] dt k|fKt ug]{n] ;x;lrj kb . -v_ tLg j6f dfq 6«]8 o'lgog lgjf{lrt ePsf]df klxnf] dt k|fKt ug]{n] ;lrj kb . -r_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] kbfjwL lgjf{rg ePsf] ldltn] rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 . -5_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt / ;do klxnf] k6snfO{ s]lGb|o:t/sf] xsdf >d tyf /f]huf/ k|jw{g ljefun] / ljefuLo÷lhNnf:t/sf] xsdf ;DalGwt >d sfof{non] tf]Sg]5 . To; kl5 x'g] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt ;DalGwt cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgog / >d tyf /f]huf/ k|jw{g ljefu jf ;DalGwt >d sfof{nosf] cfk;L ;xdtLdf to ul/g]5 . -h_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|s[of cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ljlgoddf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -em_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] ljwfg, lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ljlgod / sf]if ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf /fli6«o :t/sf 6«]8 o'lgogx¿;Fu k/fdz{ u/L >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefun] hf/L ug]{5 . 100 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -!#_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] sf]ifsf] Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M– !_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] gfddf Pp6f sf]if /xg]5 . -@_ sf]ifdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /sd /xg]5 M– -s_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogdf lqmoflzn 6«]8 o'lgogsf ;b:ox¿af6 k|fKt ;b:otf z'Ns jfktsf] /sddWo] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] tf]s]sf] /sd, -v_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt /sd, -u_ ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf / JolQmaf6 k|fKt /sd, -3_ sf]ifsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgaf6 cfh{g ePsf] jf j[l4 ePsf] /sd, -ª_ -#_ cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt /sd . cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] afF8kmfF8 / pkof]u cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . -!$_ pklgod -!@_ adf]lhd ul7t cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff, ;do ;fk]If ;'ljwf, j[QL ljsf;, sd{rf/Lsf] hLpHofgsf] ;'/Iff, sd{rf/Lsf] Joj;flos ;'/Iff h:tf sd{rf/L xs lxt;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿df dfq b]xfo adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd'lxs ;f}bfjfhL ug{ kfpg] 5 M– -s_ :yfgLo lhNnf:t/ jf ;f] eGbf tnsf ljleGg lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt dfux¿ ;DalGwt lgsfodf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k|:t't ePsf dfux¿sf] ;DaGwdf :yfgLo :t/df cfk;L 5nkmn u/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg k|oTg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df lnlvt¿kdf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf dfusf] ¿kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L k]z ePsf] ;d:ofsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L PSsfO{; lbg leq ;dfwfg ug{ k|of; ug'{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ;f] adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . 101 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ dGqfno, ljefu, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cfof]u;Fu ;DalGwt dfux¿ lnlvt ¿kdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 / o;/L k|:t't ePsf dfux¿sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/fO{ dGqfno, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cfof]u cfk}m+n] lg0f{o u/L k"/f ug{ ;lsg] hfoh dfux¿ PSsfO; lbg leq k"/f ug]{ / cGo lgsfodf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ljifosf xsdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L 6«]8 o'lgognfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / tt\tt\ lgsfon] klg ;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd'lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf] k|loqmofaf6 PSsfO; lbg leq ;dfwfg vf]Hg' kg]{5 . ;f] adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df ;f]sf] ljj/0f ;lxt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -u_ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xs lxt;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf lnlvt ¿kdf dfux¿ k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k]z ePsf ljifox¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogaLr 5nkmn u/L ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg' b'j}sf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] tTk/tf gb]vfPdf jf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg PSsfO{; lbg leq lg:sg g;s]df cflwsfl/s o'lgogn] pQm ljifo 5nkmnsf nflu sd{rf/Lsf jLrdf n}hfg]5 . cflwsfl/s o'lgogsf s]Gb|, ljefu / lhNnf u/L s'n ;f7L k|ltzt sfo{ ;ldltn] pQm dfux¿df ;dy{g hgfPdf ;f] ;dy{g ;d]t ;+nUg /fvL k"gM ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf dfux¿ k]z ul/g]5 . o;/L dfux¿ k]z ePsf] PSsfO{; lbg leq cfk;L ;xdltåf/f ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg gePdf pQm ljifox¿sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnodf k7fOg]5 . -3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf ljifodf >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnon] b'j} kIf jLr jftf{ u/fO{ PSsfO{; lbg leq ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|oTg ug'{ kg]{5 . 102 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhd ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg x'g g;sL sd{rf/Ln] lj/f]w sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ rfx]df cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] cfˆgf] dfu bfjL / cf}lrTo ;lxtsf] ;"rgf tL; lbg cufj} ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno ;dIf s]Gb|, ljefu / lhNnf:t/sf 6]«8 o'lgogdf cfj4 ;b:ox¿sf] ;f7L k|ltzt dtåf/f kfl/t u/]sf] k|:tfj / ;f] ;DaGwL lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{ To;sf] hfgsf/L >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfno, u[x dGqfno / >d /f]huf/ k|jw{g ljefunfO{ lbO{ qmdzM k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{, sfnf] k§L afFWg], sfo{ jlx:sf/ ug]{, zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{g ug]{ / zflGtk"0f{ x8tfn ug]{ ;Ddsf ;fd'lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf ¿kx¿ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/, -!_ s;}sf] OR5f lj?4 hf]/ ha/h:tL ug]{, s/sfk ug]{, clzi6 ¿kn] k|:t't x'g], ;fj{hlgs ;DkQLsf] tf]8kmf]8 ug]{, sfof{nodf tfnfjGbL ug]{, rSsfhfd / g]kfn jGb h:tf sfo{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g . -@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] :yfg, ljz]if kl/l:ylt egL x8tfn ug{ lgif]w u/]sf] cj:yf tyf cTofjZos ;]jfx¿sf] ;~rfngdf cj/f]w k'¥ofpg / x8tfn ug{ kfOg] 5}g . -r_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o'lgogn] o; pklgod adf]lhd k|:t't u/]sf cfly{s dfux¿ d'n'ssf] cfly{s cj:yf tyf IfdtfnfO{ aLrf/ u/L k"/f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|oTg ug]{5 / o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGqkl/ifb_ sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . -5_ o; pklgoddf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} Pp6f sfof{nosf] ;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ cGo sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf k'–ofpg / x8tfn ug{ kfOg]5}g . 103 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -!%_ pklgod -!$_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ adf]lhdsf k|s[of rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf / ;f] cufj} pklgod -!$_ sf] v08 -ª_ adf]lhd lj/f]wsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -!^_ pklgod -!$_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf nflu jftf{ u/fpFbf b'j} kIfsf] a/fa/ ;+Vofdf k|ltlglwTj u/fpg' kg]{5 . -!&_ pklgod -!$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfo adf]lhdsf dfu jf bfjL k|:t't ug{ kfOg] 5}g M– -s_ ;+ljwfg k|lts"n x'g], -v_ ck|dfl0ft jf cfwf/lxg cf/f]ksf] cfwf/df s;}sf] lxt k|lts"n x'g], -u_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut cfr/0fdf c;/ kg]{ ljifo, -3_ lghfdtL sd{rf/L;Fu c;DalGwt ljifo, o; v08 adf]lhd s'g} ljifo lghfdtL sd{rf/L;Fu ;DalGwt xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ljifodf ljjfb ePdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . -ª_ ;fdflhs ;+jfb / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhL ePsf] b'O{ jif{ Joltt geO{ . -!*_ o; lgod adf]lhd ljjfbsf] 6+'uf] nufpg ul/Psf] ;+emf}tf >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnodf btf{ ul/g]5 . o; adf]lhd btf{ ul/Psf] ;+emf}tfdf nfu" x'g] ldlt pNn]v ePsf]df ;f]xL ldltb]lv / ldlt pNn]v gePsf]df >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnodf btf{ ePsf] ldltaf6 nfu" x'g]5 . ;+emf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{x¿ Kffngf ug'{ b'j} kIfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -!(_ ;+emf}tf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf cfk;L 5nkmnaf6 ;dfwfg ul/g]5 . 5nkmnaf6 ;d]t ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df ;+emf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu >d cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 . ;f] ljifodf >d cbfntsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . 233 !!&v= sd{rf/L ;DaGw ;ldltM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfnfO{ ;do ;fk]If ;'wf/ u/L hgd'vL agfpg, sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]jn clej[l4 ug{ / c;n sfo{ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{sf] 233 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 104 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np nflu cfk;L 5nkmn aLrf/ ljdz{ u/L ;'emfj lbg / ;d;fdoLs ljifox¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ b]xfosf] ;ldlt /xg]5 M -s_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL –cWoIf -v_ d'Vo ;lrj – ;b:o -u_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj –;b:o -3_ >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dGqfnosf ;lrj –;b:o -ª_ cy{ dGqfnosf ;lrj – ;b:o -r_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o"lgogsf cWoIf / dxf;lrj – ;b:o -@_ ;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ cWoIfn] af]nfpg] 5 . -#_ cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o"lgogsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] ax'dtn] lg0f{o u/L a}7s jf]nfpgsf] nflu cWoIf ;dIf lnlvt lgj]bg lbPdf lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbg leq cWoIfn] a}7s af]nfpg ;Sg]5 . -$_ ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfk}m+n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . 234 !!*= ;Dklt ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{M -!_ k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L lbgleq cg';"rL–!* adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f ;DalGwt sfof{no dfk{mt lghfdtL lstfjvfgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ gofF lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f lgo'lQm ePsf] ;f7L lbg leq k]zug'{ kg]{5 . !!(= crn ;DklQ vl/b u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{M lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf]] jf cfˆgf]] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf] gfddf s'g} crn ;DklQ vl/b u/L jf cGo tl/sfåf/f k|fKt u/]df To;/L vl/b jf k|fKt u/]sf] Ps dlxgfleq To;afkt nfu]sf] df]n;d]tsf] ljj/0f vf]nL cfˆgf]] sfof{nodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . !@)= ax'–ljjfx, afn– afn–ljjfx, cgd]n ljjfxdf k|ltaGwM s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] d'n'sL P]g laxfjf/Lsf] dxnsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ax'–ljjfx, afn–ljjfx / cgd]n ljjfx ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g . 235 !@)s= lghfdtL sd{ sd{rf/Lsf] kl/ro kq ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf] ;dodf k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kl/rokq nufpg' kg]{5 . 234 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 105 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/rokqsf] 9fFrf cg';"rL – !( adf]lhd x'g]5 . !@!= xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg' gx'g]M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] c;fjwfgL;fy jf cg'zf;gdf g/xL jf hfghfg q'l6k"0f{ 9+uaf6 sfd u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/L sfof{nonfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] xflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg' x'b}g . !@@= v6fOPsf] sfof{no jf :yfgdf sfd ug'{kg]{M s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ kb:yfkg jf ;?jf ul/Psf] sfof{no jf :yfgdf xflh/ eO{ tf]lsPsf] sfdsfh ug'{ kg]{5 . !@@s= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] g}lts bfloTjM lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngf 236 ubf{ b]xfosf g}lts bfloTjnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{5 M– -s_ ;]jfu|fxLx¿ k|lt ;dfg lsl;dsf] Jojxf/ ug]{, -v_ /fi6« / hgtfsf] j[xQ/ lxtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg], -u_ j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ljt/0fsf] dfkb08 / sfo{ljlwsf] kf/blz{tf sfod /fVg], -3_ ;fj{hlgs ;DkQLsf] ;+/If0f ug]{, -ª_ ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] ldtJolotfk"j{s kl/rfng ug]{, -r_ sfo{;Dkfbg k|s[ofnfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug]{, -5_ Go"gtd ;dodf sfo{ lhDd]jf/L ;Dkfbg ug{ k|oTg/t /xg], -h_ cfwf/e"t dfgjLo d"No / dfGotf k|lt ;Ddfg ug]{, -em_ ;a} ;d'bfo / If]q k|lt ;dfg b[li6sf]0f /fvL ;dfg Jojxf/ / ;Ddfg ug]{ . !@#= klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgfM -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhd u0fgf ul/g]5M– -s_ a9'jfsf] nflu Ho]i7tf u0fgfsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ klxn] 237lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw -aLrdf 6'6]sf] eP 6'6]sf] cjlw s6fO{_ afkt ztk|ltzt / klxn] ljsf;tkm{sf] kbdf ;]jf u/L ;f] ;]jfnfO{ cljlR5Gg /fvL tyf klxn] 238lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;fwf/0ftkm{sf] kbdf Ps jif{eGbf a9L c:yfoL ;]jf u/L ;f] 235 ;ftf}F ;ftf}F 237 ;ftf}F 238 ;ftf}F 236 ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . yk . ;+zf]lwt . yk . 106 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;]jfnfO{ cljlR5Gg /fvL lghfdtL ;]jftkm{ :yfoL lgo'lQm kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;fljssf] ljsf; jf c:yfoL ;]jf cjlwsf] u0fgf b]xfoadf]lhd ul/g]5M– -!_ /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwafkt -@_ /fhkqf+lst – t]QL; k|ltzt låtLo >]0fLdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwafkt -#_ /fhkqf+lst t[tLo – krf; k|ltzt >]0fLdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwafkt -$_ – 5};¶L k|ltzt /fhkq cg+lst >]0fL / kl/r/ kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwafkt 239-v_ – krxQ/ k|ltzt lgj[Qe/0fsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ klxn] ;/sf/L ;]jf jf kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw -aLrdf 6'6]sf] eP 6'6]sf] cjlw s6fO{_ / 240======= ljsf;tkm{sf] kbdf ldlt @)@^.*.!! eGbf klxn] lgo'lQm eO{ To:tf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jfnfO{ cljlR5Gg /fvL :yfoL ;]jfdf cfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] To:tf] ;fwf/0f tyf ljsf;tkm{sf] kbdf 241:yfoL ¿kdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg klxn] u/]sf] s'g} 242;/sf/L ;]jfafkt pkbfg kfO;s]sf] JolQm k'gM lghfdtL kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghn] klxn] kfPsf] pkbfgsf] /sd lkmtf{ u/]df dfq lghsf] klxn]sf] ;]jf cjlw o; lgodadf]lhd xfnsf] kbdf u0fgf ul/g]5 . 243-#_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt lghfdtL ;]jfdf sfo{/t /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq / of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePkl5 lgo'lQm kfPsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm kfPsf] ldltn] Ps 239 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 241 cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 242 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 243 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 240 107 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np jif{leq o; lgodadf]lhd ;]jf cjlw hf]8fO{ ;s]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . pQm cjlwleq ;]jf cjlw ghf]8fPdf To:tf] ;]jf cjlw kl5 hf]l8g] 5}g . 244-#s_ o; lgoddf n]lvPb]lv afx]s cGo s'g} k|lqmofåf/f klxn]sf] ;]jf cjwL hf]8fpg / ;]jf cjwL yk u/L ;'ljwf lng kfOg] 5}g . 245-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd klxn] u/]sf] ;]jf cjlw xfnsf] ;]jfdf hf]8fpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf hf]8fpg' klxn] lnPsf] cWoog labf, c;fwf/0f labf, cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ / aLdf clen]vsf] ljj/0f lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . 246:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu …;/sf/L ;]jfÚ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fHosf]ifaf6 lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] lghfdtL ;]jf, ;+;b ;]jf / :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{{ ;+emg' k5{ . !@$= a/a'emf/y ug'{kg]{M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf &$ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"n] a'emfpg' kg]{ gubL, lhG;L jf sfuhkq h] hlt cfˆgf]] lhDdfdf 5 ;f] ;a} g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cGoyf tf]lsPdf afx]s PSsfO; lbgleq ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / a'‰g'kg]{ sd{rf/Ln] klg ;f]xL Dofbleq a'‰g' kg]{5 . -@_ k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] axfnL ug{ rfx]sf] lbgsf] ;"rgf ;flasjfnfnfO{ ;s];Dd rfF8f] lbg' kg]{5 / ;flasjfnfn] klg ToxL lbg a/a'emf/y ug{ tof/ /xg' kg]{5 . -#_ a/a'emf/y ug]{ sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 To;sf] ;"rgf tfn's sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 . xfnjfnfn] axfn ul/;s]sf] geP ;flasjfnfn] cfkm"eGbf lgs6td tNnf] sd{rf/LnfO{ a/a'emf/y u/L Dofbleq gofF sfof{nodf axfn ug{ hfg' kg]{5 / ;f] sd{rf/Ln] klg a'lemlng' kg]{5 . -$_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] a/a'emf/ysf] lgldQ cfˆgf] efO, 5f]/f jf kTof/sf dflg; jfl/; v8f u/L a'‰g] jf a'emfpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 . !@%= glthfd"ns sfo{tflnsf agfpg' kg] kg{M -!_ k|To]s sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] k|To]s kbsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] sfd st{Jo tyf lhDd]jf/Lsf cfwf/df cfkm" dftxtsf 244 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 246 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 245 108 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{ ljefhg :ki6 v'Ng] u/L jflif{s sfo{tflnsf agfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfo{tflnsf agfpFbf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ glthfd"ns t'Nofpg] b[li6sf]0f /fvL sfdsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f, kl/df0f, nfut / ;do cjlw;d]t oyf;Dej v'nfpg' kg]{5 . !@^= sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\ \ sg ofªsg 247 kmf/fd ;DaGwL Joj:yf M lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -^u_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s clVtof/jfnfn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd uf]Ko u/L /flvg]5 . 248!@&= ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ;ldltM -!_ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] xfl;n u/]sf] z}lIfs pkflw ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt 5 jf 5}g eGg] låljwf ePdf ;f] ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] lg0f{o ug]{5 M— -s_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf] k|d'v -v_ — cWoIf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] cfof]usf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t -u_ — ;b:o ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t — ;b:o -3_ g]kfnsf] s'g} ljZj laBfnosf]] ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt k|fWofks jf ljz]if1 Ps hgf -ª_ — ;b:o ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf] k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] clws[t —;b:o–;lrj -@_ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] xfl;n u/]sf] tflndsf] ljifo, >]0fL / :t/ ;DaGwdf låljwf ePdf ;f] ljifodf ;dsIf lgwf{/0f ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ;ldlt /xg]5 M– 247 248 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 109 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -s_ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf] k|d'v -v_ –cWoIf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lghn] tf]s]sf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf clws[t -u_ –;b:o nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t -3_ –;b:o ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ tflndsf] laifo;Fu ;DalGwt k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg jf tflnd s]Gb|sf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] k|ltlglw Pshgf -ª_ –;b:o ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf lgsfosf] k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] tflnd;+u ;DjlGwt ljifos]f ljz]if1 -r_ –;b:o ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfosf]] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] clws[t –;b:o–;lrj -#_ a9'jfsf] ;+efJo pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t;Fu k]z u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / tfnLdsf] ;DaGwdf a9'jf ;ldltsf] a}7s a:g' eGbf cufl8 pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf ;ldltn] ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f u/]df To:tf] z}lIfs of]Uotf / tfnLdsf] cÍ ;d]t a9'jfsf] nflu u0fgf ul/g]5 . -$_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf ;ldltåf/f ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf z}lIfs of]Uotfsf ljifox¿ ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfno jf lgsfon] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{5 . -%_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt dGqfnodf /xg]5 . 110 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 249!@&s= k"j{ :jLs[tL lng' kg] kg]{ M -!_ of] lgod k|f/De ePkl5 :jb]z jf ljb]zdf lghL k|of;df cWoog ug{ rfxg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{ :jLs[tL lng' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fOe]6 k/LIffyL{sf] ¿kdf k/LIffdf ;fd]n x'g tyf sfo{/t :yfgdf sfof{no ;do afx]ssf] ;dodf cWoog ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ 5}g . t/ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] cfk"m sfo{/t lgsfodf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . !@*= rf8kj{ vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #@ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 250 lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] Ps dlxgfsf] tnj a/fa/sf] rf8kj{ vr{ k|To]s jif{ lghn] rf8kj{ vr{ lng rfx]sf] d'Vo rf8kj{sf] kGw| lbg cufj} kfpg] 5 . o;/L rf8kj{ vr{ lbFbf pQm rf8kj{ eGbf cl3Nnf] dlxgf e'Qmfg eO{ g;s]sf] eP tfklg cl3Nnf] dlxgfsf] tnj ;d]t vr{ n]vL e'QmfgL lbOg] 5 . -@_ lgod %* sf] pklgod -!)_ sf] cj:yf afx]s c;fwf/0f labf lnPsf] tyf P]gsf] bkmf &!s= adf]lhdsf] j]tnjL labf lnPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;f] labf lnPsf] cjlwdf rf8kj{ vr{ kfpg] 5}g . -#_ of] lgod k|f/De x'Fbfsf jvt ;]jfdf axfn /x]sf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] lgod k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] tyf of] lgod k|f/De eP kl5 lgo'Qm x'g] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] xflh/ ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf leq cfk"mn] rf8kj{ vr{ lng] d'Vo rf8kj{ / ;f] rf8kj{ kg]{ ;+efljt dlxgfsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt sfof{nodf lnlvt ¿kdf hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L lgj]bg lbO{ ;s] kl5 ;f] sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] ;]jf cjlwe/ csf]{ rf8kj{df vr{ dfu ug{ kfpg] 5}g . 251 !@*s= !@*s= /fhLgfdf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] :j]R5fn] cfˆgf] kbaf6 /flhgfdf lbg rfx]df cfk"m sfo{/t sfof{nodf lnlvt ¿kdf /fhLgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfof{nodf k]z x'g cfPsf] /flhgfdfdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ ;gfvt u/fpg' kg]{5 . 249 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 251 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 250 111 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np t/ g]kfn aflx/ /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] /flhgfdf ;gfvt u/fpg' kbf{ g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; ;dIf / g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; gePsf] d'n'sdf /x]sf] ePdf ;DalGwt d'n'ssf] gf]6/L klJns ;dIf ;gfvt u/fO k7fpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] /flhgfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M– -s_ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL / ;f] eGbf dflysf] kbsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbn], -v_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo / t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf ;]jf ;+rfng ug]{ dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] ljefuLo k|d'vn], -u_ /fhkq cglÍt / >]0fL ljxLg kbsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'vn] . !@(= cjsfzkqM lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ cjsfzsf] kq lbg] clwsf/ clVtof/jfnfnfO{ x'g]5 . !@(s= clwsf/ kq kq ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf #& adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f 252 kfpg] lghfdtL sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz x'Fbf kfpg] pkbfg, lgj[Qe/0f, kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f / cGo ;'ljwf / j[lQsf] /sd k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ kq ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;df lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] lbg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lghfdtL lstfjvfgfaf6 Ps k6s hf/L eO{ ;s]sf] clwsf/kqsf] kfgf l;l4O{ jf clwsf/kq x/fO{ k|ltlnlk lbg' k/]df jf lgj[Qe/0fkq jf kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0fkq jfxs JolQmsf] d[To' eO{ kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] JolQmsf] gfd kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]df lgj[Qe/0f e'Qmflg lnO{ /x]sf] j}+s /x]sf] lhNnfsf] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 lgodfg';f/ gofF clwsf/kq lbOg]5 . o;/L gofF clwsf/ kq lbPsf] hfgsf/L sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] lghfdtL lstfjvfgf / sf}ifL tf]iffvfgfnfO{ lbg' kg]]{5 . -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] clwsf/ kq lbFbf b]xfosf sfuhftsf] cfwf/df lbg' kg]{5 M -s_ 252 gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnkL, ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 112 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ lgj[Qe/0fkq afxs JolQmsf] d[To' eO{ kfl/jfl/s lgj[Qe/0f kfpg] JolQmsf] gfd kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf klxn]sf] clwsf/kq, d[To' btf{sf] k|df0fkq tyf gftf k|dfl0ft ;d]t . -$_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfk"m cjsfz x'g] cjlw eGbf j9L ;]jfdf /xL tnj eQf e'Qmfg lnPsf] ePdf To:tf sd{rf/Ln] e'QmfgL lnPsf] tnj eQf lghn] kfpg] lgj[Qe/0faf6 c;"n u/]/ dfq lgj[Qe/0f clwsf/kq agfpg' kg]{5 .Æ !#)= ;]jfaf6 avf{:t x'g]x¿sf] clen]v /fVg]M -!_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ePsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf avf{:t ul/Psf] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/Ln] To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] tLg k':t] v'n]sf] x'lnof;d]tsf] ;"rgf nf]s;]jf cfof]u, k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no / lghfdtL lstfavfgfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To:tf] ;"rgf k|x/L k|wfg sfof{non] k|To]s lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf] JolQm lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf k'gM lgo'Qm ePdf lghn] To;/L k'gM lgo'Qm eO{ kfPsf] tna lghaf6 lkmtf{ u/fO{ lghnfO{ t'?Gt ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/g]5 . 253 !#)s=k| !#)s=k|ltlnlk lbg'kg]{M s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] lghfdtL lstfavfgfdf /x]sf] cfkm";Fu ;DalGwt clen]vsf] k|ltlnlk dfu ubf{ cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] dGqfno, ;lrjfno, ljefu jf sfof{nodfkm{t\ dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] sfof{nodfkm{t\ k|ltlnlk dfu ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf eO{ l;w} k|ltlnlk dfu u/]df lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] d'n'sL P]g sfuh hfFrsf] dxnsf] !& g+= adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L clen]vsf] k|ltlnlk lbg' kg]{5 . 254 !#!= aLdf ;DjGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf $)s= adf]lhdsf] ;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]ifsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L :jb]z leq /x]sf s'g} aLdf sDkgL jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd u7g ePsf] ;+:yfnfO{ ;f] sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] sf/f]jf/, ljlQo Ifdtf cflb ;d]t aLrf/ u/L ;fjlws hLjg aLdf ;+rfngsf] nflu tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . 253 254 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 113 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfdf P]gsf] bkmf $)s= sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]if /xg]5 . -#_ c;fwf/0f labf jf j]tnaL cWoog labf jf j]tnjL labf lnPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf sd{rf/Ln] aLdf afkt /sd hDdf u/]df dfq To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f] cjlwsf] /sd yk u/L sf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 . -$_ eljiodf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t lghsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd / To;df kfs]sf] Jofh kfpg]5 . -%_ o; lgod adf]lhd aLdf+s /sd k|bfg ubf{ ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] gfddf hDdf ePsf] /sd eGbf a9L /sd k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ ePdf a9L x'g] /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sDkgL jf ;+:yfdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 . -^_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] ;+:yfn] aLdf sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] k|To]s lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 5'§f5'§} lx;fa b]lvg] u/L clen]v cBfjlws u/L k|To]s jif{sf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 . -&_ ;fjwLs hLjg aLdf sf]if ;+rfng / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/L nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 . !#@= Onfsf 5f]8g]\g; ] DaGwL Joj:yfM Joj:yfM ;/sf/L sfhdf vl6Psf] jf labfdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] labf lbg] clwsf/Lsf] Ohfht a]u/ cfˆgf]] sfof{no /x]sf] lhNnf jf Onfsf 5f]8L cGoq hfg' x'Fb}g . t/ ckem{6 k/L sfof{no 5f]8L hfg'kg]{ ePdf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] To;sf] sf/0f vf]nL lgj]bg lbO{ cfˆgf]] sfof{no k|d'vsf] Ohfht lnO{ jf Ohfht lng gEofPdf hfg'kg]{ sf/0f;d]t vf]nL ;DalGwt sfof{no, ljefu jf ;lrjfnodf lnlvt jf df}lvs k|ltj]bg lbO{ b]zleq jf aflx/ hfg x'G5 . To;/L hfFbf sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf gkg]{ / ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] lxgfldgf gx'g] k|aGw ldnfO{ hfg'kg]{5 . !##= plrt / Gofo;+ut sf/afxLM s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] of] lgodfjnL nfu" x'g'cl3 kfO/x]sf] ;x'lnot jf ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf o; lgodfjnLadf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] ;x'lnot jf ;'ljwfaf6 dsf{ k/]sf] egL k]z u/]sf] lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/n] plrt / Gofo;+ut tl/sfaf6 sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg]5 . 114 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np !##s= lk/dsf{ u'gf;f] / ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ P]gsf] bkmf &#s= adf]lhd 255 lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿n] cfk"mnfO{ k/]sf] lk/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] ;DalGwt ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf sfof{no k|d'v ;dIf k]z u/]sf]df ;f] txaf6 ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df To:tf] lk/dsf{ tyf u'gf;f] b]xfosf] ;ldlt ;dIf /fVg ;Sg]5g\ M– -s_ lhNnf tyf If]qLo:t/Lo sfof{no u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt -c_ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v –;+of]hs -cf_ If]qLo :t/sf] sfof{nosf] xsdf k"g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no jf lhNnf :t/sf sfof{nosf] xsdf lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf] clws[t k|ltlglw -O_ –;b:o lhNnf:t/sf] sfof{nosf] xsdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] clws[t lghfdtL sd{rf/L / If]qLo :t/sf sfof{nosf] xsdf If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 tf]lsPsf] clws[t k|ltlglw -O{_ –;b:o lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o"lgogsf] ;DalGwt lhNnf jf If]qsf] cWoIf -v_ –;b:o dGqfno,cfof]u,;lrjfno,ljefu jf s]Gb|Lo lgsfo :t/Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt -c_ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] k|d'v -cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g –;+of]hs dGqfnosf] sDtLdf /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] k|ltlglw 255 –;b:o ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 115 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -O_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf] ;x–GofoflwjQmf -O{_ –;b:o lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o"lgogsf] ;DalGwt ljefuLo cWoIf -u_ –;b:o s]Gb|Lo u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt -c_ d'Vo ;lrj –;+of]hs -cf_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj -O_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] tf]s]sf] gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmf -O{_ –;b:o –;b:o lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s 6«]8 o"lgogsf] s]Gb|Lo cWoIf –;b:o -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsn] tf]s]sf] sfof{nodf /xg]5 . -#_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lk/dsf{ / u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . !#$= kbk"lt{sf] aGb]hM lghfdtL ;]jfsf l/Qm kbx¿df P]g / o; lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ePb]lv afx]s cGo tl/sfaf6 kbk"lt{ ul/g] 5}g . !#$s= a]kQf ePsf] dflgg]M P]gsf] bkmf #(s adf]lhd x/fO{ a]kQf ePsf] lghfdtL 256 sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] lgj[Qe/0f / pkbfg lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] lghfdtL sd{rf/L sDtLdf 257b'O{ jif{;Dd x/fO{ a]kQf eO{ d/] afFr]sf] kQf gnfu]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . !#%= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM gM -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; lgodfjnLadf]lhd cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ o; lgodfjnLadf]lhd s'g} clwsf/LnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ cfˆgf]] ;fdfGo /]vb]vdf /xL k|of]u ug]{ u/L lghn] cfkm"d'lgsf lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 . 256 257 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 116 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np !#^= cg';'rLdf x]/km]/ tyf yk36 ug]{ clwsf/M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cg';"rL tyf cg';"rLdf /x]sf] Joxf]/fnfO{ ;do–;dodf x]/km]/ tyf yk36 ug{ ;Sg]5 . !#&= g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf sd{rf/L;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg 258g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhd Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ Pj+ If]q tf]lsPsf] ljifodf pQm ;+ljwfg, Gofo ;]jf cfof]u;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"g / g]kfn Gofo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] >]0fL ljefhg, egf{ ;?jf / a9'jf;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf n]lvPhlt s'/fdf ;f]xLadf]lhd / c¿df o; lgodfjnLadf]lhd x'g]5 . !#*= vf/]hL / arfpM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)@! vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 . -@_ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)@! adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxLx¿ o;} lgodfjnLadf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 . 259-#_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;DaGwdf o; lgodfjnLdf n]lvP hlt s'/fdf o;} adf]lhd / c¿df a]Unfa]Un} ;]jf jf ;d"xsf] nflu k[ys ¿kn] nfu" x'g] u/L ag]sf lgodx¿df n]lvP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -$_ pklgod -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg a9'jfsf] ;DaGwdf o;} lgodfjnLadf]lhd x'g]5 . 258 259 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 117 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– ! -lgod @ sf] v08 -v_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ljefuLo k|d'vx¿ != clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] k|d'v cfo'Qm . @= nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf . #= k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm . $= dxfGofoflwjQmf . %= dGqfno÷;lrjfno÷;+j}wflgs c+u / lgsfo tyf cGo :yfoL cfof]usf ;lrjx¿ 260===== ^= ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ . &= 261gfoj *= dxfn]vf lgoGqs . (= /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf] cWoIf . !)= 262====== !!= g]kfn ;/sf/sf s]Gb|Lo :t/sf ljefux¿sf k|d'v . !@= ljefu:t/Lo sfof{no tyf /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf clws[t k|d'v x'g] s]Gb|Lo dxfGofoflwjQmf . :t/sf sfof{nosf k|d'vx¿ . !#= anflws[t, k|aGw/yL, sfo{/yL jf aflxgLkltx¿ -lghfdtL sd{rf/L sfo{/t lgsfodf dfq_ . !$= If]qLo:t/sf sfof{nosf k|d'vx¿ . !%= ljb]zl:yt !^= hn tyf zlQm cfof]usf !&= k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx¿ . !*= k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf /lhi6«f/x¿ . !(= k'g/fj]bg ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf 260 261 262 263 264 265 263========= g]kfnL b"tfjf; tyf lgof]usf k|d'vx¿ . 264;lrj . 265;x–GofoflwjQmfx¿ . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . @)^$.(.$ sf] /fhkqsf] ;"rgfåf/f lemlsPsf] . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 118 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np @)= :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Lx¿ . @!= k|zf;sLo cbfntsf] /lhi6«f/ . @@= g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;do–;dodf tf]s]sf c¿ clwsf/Lx¿ . 266@#= 267@$= >d cbfntsf] cWoIf jf Pshgf dfq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ePsf]df ;f]xL clwsf/L . pk–k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{nosf sfof{no k|d'v . 268@$s=If]qLo 269@%= /fli6«o ;t{stf s]Gb|sf k|d'v clws[t . 270@^= uf]Zjf/f 271@&= k|zf;g sfof{nosf If]qLo k|zf;sx¿ . x'nfs sfof{nosf k|d'v x'nfs xflsd . g]kfn k|ltlnlk clwsf/ /lh:6«f/sf] sfof{nosf /lhi6«f/ . 272@*= ljz]if cbfntsf /lhi6«f/ . 273@(= C0f c;'nL k'g/fj]bg Gofoflws/0fsf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L . 266] ldlt @)%#.^.!$ sf] ;"rgfåf/f ;dfj]z ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%#.^.!$_ 267 ldlt @)%$.$.@) sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt )%$.$.@)_ 268 ldlt @)%*.!.!& sf] ;"rgfåf/f ;dfj]z ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt )%*.!.!&_ 269 @)^).^.( sf] /fhkq ;"rgfåf/f yk . 270 ldlt @)%*.(.!^ sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt )%*.(.!^_ 271 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 272 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 273 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 119 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– @ -lgod @ sf] v08 -u_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ sfof{nox¿sf] gfd != nf]s;]jf cfof]usf c~rn sfof{nox¿ . @= lhNnf cbfntx¿ . #= lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nox¿ . $= 274============= %= lhNnfl:yt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nox¿ . ^= 275============= 276&= s[ifL ljefu cGtu{tsf lgDg sfof{nox¿M– -s_ If]qLo s[lif tflnd s]Gb|x¿ . -v_ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox¿ . -u_ If]qLo jLp ljhg k|of]uzfnf . -3_ If]qLo jfnL ;+/If0f k|of]uzfnf . -ª_ KnfG6 Sjf/]G6Lg sfof{nox¿ . -r_ dT:o k|of]uzfnfx¿ . 277&s= kz' ;]jf ljefu cGtu{tsf lgDg sfof{nox¿M– -s_ lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{nox¿ . -v_ kz' Sjf/]G6fOg sfof{nox¿ . -u_ If]qLo k|of]uzfnfx¿ . -3_ If]qLo tflnds]Gb|x¿ . -ª_ kmfd{÷s]Gb|x¿ . -r_ k|hgg s]Gb|x¿ . 274 g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% åf/f vf/]h . P]hgåf/f vf/]h . 276 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 277 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 275 120 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 278&v= vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefu cGtu{tsf lgDg sfof{nox¿M– -s_ If]qLo vfB k|ljwL tyf u'0f lgoGq0f sfof{nox¿ . -v_ vfB Sjf/]G6fOg k|of]uzfnfx¿ . -u_ :ofp k|zf]wg s]Gb|, h'Dnf . *= 279l8lehg (= ;xsf/L ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb| . !)= lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox¿ . 280!!= zfvf tyf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f sfof{nox¿ . tYof+s sfof{nox¿ . !@= 281l8lehg !#= 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nox¿ . !$= /fli6«o oftfoft Joj:yf ljefucGtu{tsf c~rn sfof{nox¿ . !%= ;8s ljefucGtu{tsf !^= g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefucGtu{tsf c~rn sfof{nox¿ . !&= jfl0fHo dGqfnocGtu{tsf jfl0fHo sfof{nox¿ . !*= ejg, cfjf; tyf zx/L ljsf; ljefucGtu{tsf !(= vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefucGtu{tsf @)= lhNnf jg sfof{nox¿ . @!= 285/fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If, lzsf/ cf/If tyf ;+/If0f sfof{no . @@= 286======== jg:klt pBfg uf]bfj/L . @#= lhNnf e"–;+/If0f sfof{nox¿ . @$= jg:klt ljefusf lhNnfl:yt sfof{nox¿ . @%= d"n eG;f/ sfof{nox¿ . 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 l;+rfO sfof{nox¿ . 282l8lehg:t/Lo sfof{nox¿ . 283l8lehg:t/Lo 284l8lehg:t/Lo sfof{nox¿ . sfof{nox¿ . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ldlt @)%@.!!.!) sf] ;"rgfåf/f x]/km]/ ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%@.!!.!)_ ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . @)^$.(.$ sf] /fhkqsf] ;"rgfåf/f lemlsPsf] . 121 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np @^= 287 cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{nox¿ . 288==== @&= @*= 289======= @(= 290 #)= ko{6g sfof{no, kf]v/f tyf ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|x¿ . #!= 291 ======== ====dfnkf]t sfof{nox¿ . #@= e"ld ;'wf/ sfof{nox¿ . 292 ##= gfkL ljefucGtu{tsf gfkL 294 293 uf]Zjf/f gfkL sfof{no tyf gfkL tflnd s]Gb|x¿ . #$= ====== #%= ====== 295 296 #^= ====== #&= s]Gb|Lo txl;n sfof{no . #*= x'nfs ;]jf ljefu cGtu{tsf lgDg sfof{nox¿M– 287 288 -s_ /fhkqf+lst clws[t k|d'v ePsf lhNnf x'nfsx¿ . -v_ s]Gb|Lo l6s6 e08f/ . -u_ s]Gb|Lo wgfb]z sfof{no . -3_ x'nfs k|lzIf0f s]Gb| . -ª_ 297 -r_ g]kfn lkmnf6]lns Ao'/f] . =========== ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 289 ldlt @)%#.^.!$ sf] ;"rgfåf/f lemlsPsf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%#.^.!$_ 290 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 291 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 292 ldlt @)%!.^.@# sf] ;"rgfåf/f x]/km]/ ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%!.^.@#_ 293 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 294 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] 295 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] 296 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] 297 ldlt @)%*.(.!^ sf] ;"rgfåf/f lemlsPsf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt )%*.(.!^_ 122 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -5_ /fhkqf+lst clws[t k|d'v x'g] Onfsf x'nfs sfof{nox¿ . 298 #(= /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/L k|d'v x'g] >d sfof{nox¿ . $)= /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/L k|d'v x'g] ;dfh sNof0f s]Gb|x¿ . $!= 299 $@= 300 ejg lgdf{0f ;+ef/ l8lehg lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnocGtu{tsf k':tsfnox¿ . $#= /fli6«o clen]vfno . $$= k'/ftTj ljefucGtu{tsf ;+u|xfnox¿ . $%= s]Gb|Lo ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f k|of]uzfnf . $^= 301 $&= b/af/ x]/rfx c•fx¿ . $*= k'/ftTj au}+rf . $(= 302=========== %)= 303=========== %!= 304=========== %@= sf}zL tf]iffvfgf . %#= ;b/ sf/fuf/ c:ktfn . %$= h'4 af?0foGq . %%= 305============ %^= ========g]kfnL ;}lgs clen]vfno . g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;do–;dodf tf]s]sf cGo sfof{nox¿ . 306%&= /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/L sfof{no k|d'v x'g] Onfsf k|zf;g zfvf / ;Ldf k|zf;g zfvf . 298 ldlt @)%*.(.!^ sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt )%*.(.!^_ 299 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 300 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 301 @)^$.(.$ sf] /fhkqsf] ;"rgfåf/f lemlsPsf] . 302 g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% åf/f vf/]h . 303 g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% åf/f vf/]h . 304 g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% åf/f vf/]h . 305 ldlt @)%!.!.!% sf] ;"rgfåf/f @)%).!!.! b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L lemlsPsf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%!.!.!%_ 123 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 307%*= gu/kflnsfx¿ . 308%(= /fhkqf+lst sd{rf/L k|d'v x'g] cWofudg sfof{nox¿ . 309^)= /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefucGtu{tsf OsfO sfof{nox¿ . 310^!= lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no . 311^@= /fhkqflÍt sd{rf/L k|d'v x'g] sf/fuf/ zfvfx¿ . 312^#= dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no . 313^$= C0f c;'nL Gofoflws/0f . 314^%= sf/fuf/ sfof{nox¿ . 306 ldlt @)%!.!.!% sf] ;"rgfåf/f ;dfj]z ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%!.!.!%_ 307 ldlt @)%!.^.@# sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%!.^.@#_ 308 ldlt @)%@.!.!* sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%@.!.!*_ 309 ldlt @)%#.!@.@% sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . 310 ldlt @)%$.!@.@$ sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%$.!@.@$_ 311 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]] ldlt @)^!.$.!* sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . 312 ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^!.^.$ sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . 313 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 314 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 124 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– # -lgod * ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lghfdtL ;]jfdf /xg] ;d"x tyf pk– pk–;d"xx¿ lghfdtL ;]jfx¿df b]xfoadf]lhdsf ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿ /xg]5g\M– -s_ g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jfcGtu{t /xg] ;d"xx¿M– -!_ ;fdfGo k|zf;g ;d"x -@_ n]vf ;d"x -#_ /fh:j ;d"x 315-$_ ============ 316-%_= ============== 317of] lgodfjnL k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt s'6g}lts ;d"xdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ g]kfn k//fi6« ;]jfdf kl/0ft x'g]5g\ / To:tf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;dfg >]0fLsf] kbdf :jtM kl/0ft ePsf] dflgg]5 . -v_ g]kfn jg ;]jfcGtu{t /xg] ;d"xx¿M– -!_ hg/n km/]i6«L -@_ km/]i6 l/;r{ -#_ :jfon P08 jf6/ sGh/e];g -$_ jf]6gL -%_ 318================ -^_ xfQL;f/ -&_ g]zgn kfs{; P08 jfON8 nfOkm 319-u_ ================= 320-3_ g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª ;]jfcGtu{t /xg] ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿M– 315 kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 316 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 317 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 318 ldlt @)%).!@.@( b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L x6fOPsf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%).!@.@(_ 319 g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% åf/f vf/]h . 320 ldlt @)%!.@.( b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L x]/km]/ tyf yk36 ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%!.@.(_ 125 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -!_ -@_ l;len OlGhlgol/ª -s_ hg/n -v_ xfOj] -u_ :oflg6/L -3_ ljlN8ª P08 cfls{6]S6 -ª_ Ol/u]zg -r_ xfO8«f]–kfj/ -5_ xfO8«f]nhL -h_ Pc/kf]6{ On]lS6«sn OlGhlgol/ª -s_ hg/n On]lS6«sn OlGhlgol/ª -v_ PleP;g On]lS6«sn OlGhlgol/ª -#_ On]S6«f]lgs P08 6]lnsDo'lgs]zg OlGhlgol/ª -$_ d]sflgs OlGhlgol/ª -s_ hg/n d]sflgsn OlGhlgol/ª -v_ PlePzg d]sflgsn OlGhlgol/ª -u_ lgdf{0f pks/0f ;Def/ -%_ P/f]gl6sn OlGhlgol/ª -^_ dfOlgª OlGhlgol/ª -&_ s]ldsn OlGhlgol/ª -*_ d]6fnlh{sn OlGhlgol/ª -(_ d]6«f]nhL -!)_ d]6]l/of]nhL -!!_ lhof]nhL -!@_ -s_ hg/n lhof]nhL -v_ xfO8«f]lhof]nf]hL -u_ OlGhlgol/ª lhof]nhL l;len PleP;g ck/]zg P08 OlGhlgol/ª -s_ l;len PleP;g ck/]zg -v_ ˆnfO6 ck/]zG; 126 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -u_ -ª_ PleP;g kmfo/ ;le{;]h -!#_ ;e]{ -!$_ s]ldi6«L -!%_ Pu[ Ol/u];g OlGhlgol/ª g]kfn lzIff ;]jfcGtu{t /xg] ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿M– -!_ l6lrª -@_ hg/n Ph's];g -#_ -s_ Ph's];g P8ldlgi6«];g -v_ ;fOG; -u_ DofyDofl6S; -3_ ;f]l;on :6l8h -ª_ Pu[sNr/ -s[lif lzIff_ -r_ O08li6«on Ph's];g -5_ OËln; -h_ g]kfnL -em_ xf]d ;fOG; -u[x lj1fg_ -`_ ;]qm]6]l/on ;fOG; -6_ P8N6 Ph's];g -7_ ;+:s[t lk|lG6ª -d'b|0f_ -s_ k|]; OlGhlgol/ª -v_ k|]; Dofg]hd]G6 -d'b|0f Joj:yfkg_ -$_ lkmlhsn Ph's];g -%_ k]lG6ª P08 kmf]6f]u|fkmL -s_ k]lG6ª -v_ kmf]6f]u|fkmL -^_ cfls{of]nhL -&_ ufO8]G; P08 sfpG;]lnª -*_ 6]i6 P08 d]h/d]G6 -s_ Ph's];g 6]i6 P08 d]h/d]G6 127 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ k;f]{gn 6]i6 P08 d]h/d]G6 -(_ nfOa|]/L ;fOG; -r_ -5_ g]kfn s[lif ;]jfcGtu{t /xg] ;d"xx¿M– -!_ Pu[ PS;\6]G;g, -@_ xl6{sNr/, -#_ lkm;l/h -$_ nfOe:6s, kf]N6«L P08 8]/L 8]enkd]G6, -%_ Pu|f]gf]dL -^_ KnfG6 Kofyf]nhL, -&_ PG6f]df]nhL -*_ Pu[ Osf]gf]ldsn, dfs]{l6ª P08 :6fl6li6S;, -(_ :jfon ;fOG; -!)_ e]6l/g/L, -!!_ Pu[ OlGhlgol/ª -!@_ km'8 k|f];]l;ª, Pgfn]l;; P08 Go'l6«;g g]kfn cfly{s of]hgf tyf tYof+s ;]jfcGtu{t /xg] ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿M– -!_ cfly{s of]hgf ;d"x -@_ tYofÍ ;d"x 321-5!_= -s_ hg/n :6fl6li6S; -v_ afof] :6fl6li6S; -u_ Pu[sNr/ :6fl6li6S; -3_ 8]df]u|fkmL g]kfn ;+;b ;]jf cGtu{t /xg] ;d"xx¿M– -!_ k|zf;g ;d"x -@_ dof{bf kfng ;d"x 322-5@_ g]kfn Gofo ;]jfcGtu{t /xg] ;d"xx¿M– -!_ Gofo ;d"x, 321 ldlt @)%!.!@.!( sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%!.!@.!(_ 322 ldlt @)%!.#.^ sf] ;"rgfåf/f yk ul/Psf] . -g]= /f= k= ldlt @)%!.#.^_ 128 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -h_ -@_ sfg"g ;d"x, -#_ ;/sf/L jsLn ;d"x g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L ;do–;dodf tf]s]sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf cGo ;d"x tyf pk;d"xx¿ 129 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 323cg';"rL– L– $ -lgod ( sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ sfo{ ljj/0f kmf/fdsf] 9fF Frf 9frf g]kfn ;/sf/ sfo{ljj/0f kmf/d != @= #= $= &= qm=;++ != @= #= $= kbsf] gfdM===================== :yfoL÷c:yfoL tna -dfl;s_M =================== sfd ug]{ ;doM=================== sd{rf/Lsf] gfd / ;Í]t g+=M================ kb ;Í]t ;]jfM ;d"x÷pk;d"xM >]0fLM %= ==================================dGqfno ===================================ljefu ===================================ljefu ===============zfvf===============kmfF6 ^= ===========c~rn=============lhNnf============ :yfg====================kmf]g g+= lj:t[t ¿kdf kbsf] sfd, clwsf/ / pQ/bfloTj sfd clwsf/ pQ/bfloTj sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsfÍ ;"rsfÍsf] cfwf/ -;|f]t_ *= st{Jo != @= #= $= (= cfjZos of]UotfM d]/f] kb;Fu ;DalGwt pko'{Qm sfd, st{Jo, o; kb;Fu ;DalGwt pko'{Qm sfd, st{Jo, pQ/bfloTj pQ/bfloTj tyf clwsf/sf] ljj/0f k"0f{ Pj+ tyf clwsf/sf] ljj/0f k"0f{ Pj+ 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] . 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] . =============================== gfdM -lgs6td clwsf/Lsf] b:tvt_ ============================== ldltM =============== ======================= sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt gfdM -sfof{no k|d'vsf] b:tvt_ ldltM =============== ldltM ===================== 323 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 130 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– % -lgod !( ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkqsf] gd"gf g]kfn lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ==========sfof{nosf] ============;]jfsf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g'ePsf >L ===================nfO{ d}n] hfFRbf s'g} ;?jf jf s8f /f]u nfu]sf] jf s'g} lsl;dsf] zf/Ll/s ljs[lt jf cfGtl/s /f]u ePsf] kfOg . lghdf ==============/f]u eP tfklg lghnfO{ To;n] pk/f]Qm lghfdtL kbdf sfd ug{ c;dy{ agfpFb}g . lghsf] x'lnof ======================= 5 . -s_ bfofF xftsf] a'9L cf}+nfsf] 5fkM– =========== -v_ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] b:tvtM– ========== -u_ ldltM– ===================== k|dfl0ft ug]{ lrlsT;ssf]– -s_ gfdM– ======================= -v_ b:tvtM– ========================= -u_ g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;n /lhi6«]g gDa/M– ============= -3_ ldltM– ==================== 131 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– ^ -lgod @) ;Fu ;DalGwt_ zkyu|x0f kmf/fdsf] gd"gf d =======================================O{Zj/sf] gfddf zky lnG5' ls lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otn] dnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfd d]/f] 1fg ljj]sn] hfg] a'em];Dd Odfg, wd{ tyf st{Jo ;DemL b]z / ;/sf/k|lt akmfbf/ /xL eo, kIfkft jf å]if g/fvL nf]e nfnr df]nlxhf gu/L cg'zf;gdf /xL lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) tyf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL cfˆgf]] st{Josf] kfngf ug]{5' . dnfO{ 1ft x'g cfPsf] s'g} ;/sf/L uf]Ko s'/f clws[t JolQmnfO{ afx]s c¿ s;}nfO{ d ;]jfdf jxfn /x] jf g/x]sf] h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kn] eGg] jf ;+s]t ug]{ 5}g . zkyu|x0f ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] zkyu|x0f u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] -s_ gfdM– -s_ gfdM– -v_ b:tvtM– -v_ b:tvtM– -u_ ldltM– -u_ ldltM– -3_ ;]jfM– -3_ kbM– -ª_ ;d"x÷pk;d"xM– -ª_ sfof{noM– -r_ >]0fLM– 132 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– & -lgod @@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0f -l;6/f]n_ lgb]{lzsfM– -!_ pd]/ v'n]sf] z}lIfs k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] hGd ldlt n]Vg] . -@_ o;cl3 ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /xL :yfoL kbdf sfd u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f :ki6;Fu pNn]v u/L tT;DaGwL sfuhftsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z ug]{ . -#_ z}lIfs of]Uotf / gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf k|ltlnlkx¿ k]z ug]{ . sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM– ;+s]t g+= -lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] eg]{_M– kmf/fd g+= )! 133 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kmf/d g+= )! j}olQms ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/ ===============================================;lrjfno÷cfof]u÷dGqfno÷ljefu÷sfof{no )!= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] k"/f gfd / y/M– )@= :yfoL 7]ufgfM c~rnM )^= %* jif{ pd]/ k'Ug] ldltM lhNnfM )&= ;]jf cjlw #) ufpF÷gu/M jif{ k'Ug] ldltM jf8{ gDa/M )*= gful/stfM ufpF÷6f]nM )(= wd{M Ans gDa/M !)= ln+uM )#= c:yfoL 7]ufgf sd{rf/Lsf] t:jL/ b'j} sfg b]lvg] ! !× !@ t:jL/ 6fF:g] !!= x'lnofM c~rnM 324-!!s=_ lhNnfM !@= ljjflxt eP klt÷kTgLsf] gfdM >L÷>LdtL÷ ufpF÷gu/M !#= klt÷kTgLsf] k]zfM jf8{ gDa/M !$= 5f]/fsf] ;+VofM ufpF÷6f]nM !%= 5f]/Lsf] ;+VofM Ans gDa/M !^= afa'sf] gfdM hflt M )$= 3/ ePsf] lhNnfM !&= afa'sf] k]zfM )%= hGd]sf] ldltM !*= afh]sf] gfdM ;fnM dlxgfM 325!*s= cfdfsf] gfd M ut]M 326!*v=cfdfsf] k]zf M 324 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 325 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 326 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 134 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np !(= OR5fOPsf] JolQmsf] gfd, y/M @!= o;cl3 ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /xL :yfoL kbdf sfd 7]ufgfM u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0fM c~rnM lhNnfM ufpF÷gu/M sfof{nosf] gfdM jf8{ gDa/M ufpF÷6f]nM Ans gDa/M kbM sd{rf/Lsf] lgh;Fu ;DaGwM >]0fLM @)= lgo'lQmsf] ljj/0fM sfof{nosf] gfdM lgo'lQm ldltM kbM 5f]8]sf] ldltM >]0fLM ;]jf÷;d"xM lgo'lQm ldltM ;fnM dlxgfM ut]M dfly n]lvPsf] ljj/0f 7Ls 5 . ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo x'g] u/L dnfO{ s'g} ;hfo ePsf] 5}g . s'g} s'/f em'¶f] n]lvPsf] jf hfgfhfgL ;fFrf] s'/f bafpg] n'sfpg] p2]Zon] n]lvPsf] 7x/] sfg"gadf]lhd ;hfo :jLsf/ ug]{5' egL ;lx5fk ug]{– sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvtM -a'9L cf}+nfsf] 5fk_ k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfof{no k|d'vsf] b:tvtM sfof{nosf] 5fk bfofF afofF 135 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] k|of]u ug]{ != sd{rf/Lsf] ;+s]t g+=M @= %* jif{ pd]/ k'Ug] ldltM #= ;]jf cjlw #) jif{ k"/f x'g] ldltM ljefuLo k|d'v jf clwsf/ k|fKt clws[tsf] b:tvtM sfof{nosf] 5fkM 136 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kmf/fd g+= )@ ;]jfsf] ljj/0f sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM qm=;+= ;]jf / ;d"x )! )@ ;Í]t g+=M kbsf] gfd )# >]0fL sfof{nosf] gfd )$ )% gof“ lgo'lQm, ;?jf a9'jf )^ axfnL ldlt )& lg0f{o ldlt )* tna tna )( eQf lstfa btf{ kfgf s}lkmot g+= -lghfdtL eQf lstfavfgfn] eg]{ !) !! !@ 137 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np z}lIfs of]Uotf, tflnd, ;]ldgf/, ;Dd]ng -P;=Pn=;L= jf lghfdtL dWodf k/LIffaf6 pRrtd pkflw;Ddsf] l8u|L, l8Knf]df_ sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM qm=;+= ;l6{lkms]6 jf pkflw )! )@ ;Í]t g+=M cWoogsf] ljifo )# sfof{nosf] gfd b]lv )$ ;Dd )% lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] >]0fL )^ gfd )& 7]ufgf )* tflnd ;]ldgf/ jf s}lkmot ;Dd]ngsf] ljj/0f )( !) 138 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kmf/fd g+= )$ 327lje"if0f k|z+;fkqsf ljj/0f sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM qmd ;+Vof ;+s]t g+= ======= lje"if0f k|z+;fkqsf] k|fKt ldlt ljj/0f )! )@ lje"if0f÷k|z+;fkq ;x'lnot kfPsf] sf/0f )# )$ )% 327 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 139 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kmf/fd g+= )% ljefuLo ;hfosf] ljj/0f sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM ;+s]t g+= ======= qmd ;+Vof ;hfosf] k|sf/ ;hfosf] cfb]z )! )@ k'g/fj]bgsf] ldlt 7x/ ldlt )# )$ )% s}lkmot )^ 140 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kmf/d g+= )^ ljbf / cf}iflw pkrf/sf] ljj/0f sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM ljj/0f )! 3/ ljbf ;Í]t g+= la/fdL ljbf 328k|;'lt cWoog ljbf c;fwf/0f ljbf ljbf÷k|;'lt :ofxf/ ljbf hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL kfpg] vr{ afFsL cjlw )@ )# )$ )% )^ )& )* )( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ uon ePsf] cjlw !& pkrf/ vr{ s}lkmot lnPsf] /sd ldlt !* !( @) 328 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 141 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kmf/d g++ )& juL{s[t If]qx¿df sfd u/]sf] ljj/0f sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM ;Í]t g+=M kb:yfkg sfd ePsf] u/]sf] :yfg jf :yfg jf b]lv ;Dd If]q If]q )@ )$ )% cjlw qm=;+= )! )# of] lrGx -_ lbO{ sfd u/]sf] ;DalGwt If]qsf] ju{ hgfpg] sd{rf/Lsf] jf )^ k|dfl0ft ug]{ s v u clws[tsf] 3 ju{ ju{ ju{ ju{ ! @ # $ s}lkmot 329 b:tvt )& )! )@ )# )$ )% )^ 329 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 142 www.lawcommission.gov.np )* www.lawcommission.gov.np sd{rf/Lsf] gfdM ;+s]t g+= dfly pNn]v ePafx]s yk36 ug'{kg]{ eP lghfdtL sd{rf/L clen]v lstfavfgfn] eg]{M -!_ 7]ufgf kl/jt{gM -@_ OR5fOPsf] JolQm kl/jt{g ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0fM -#_ cGo s'g} ljj/0f yk36 ePdf ;f]sf] ljj/0fM ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ clws[tsf] b:tvtM ldltM b:tvtM ldltM 143 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 330cg';"rL–* -lgod #) sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ >]0fL ljxLg tyf /fhkqcglÍt Frf}+ >]0fLsf kbx¿ /fhkqcglÍt kfF kfrf} kbx¿ != xn'sf / ef/L ;jf/L rfns @= sfof{no ;xof]uL jf ;f] ;/xsf kbx¿ #= ;DalGwt ;]jf,;d"x ;DaGwL lgodx¿df tf]lsPsf kbx¿ $= g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf cGo kbx¿ 330 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 144 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 331cg';"rL – *s -lgod #$u= sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf ug{ ;lsg] sfof{no / ;+emf}tf ug]{ kbflwsf/Lx¿ kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] x¿sf] ljj/0f sfo{ k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfof{nosf kbflwsf/Lx¿ aLr sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;+emf}tf ug{ ;lsg]5 . !_ dxflgb]{zs, s[lif ljefu, sfof{no k|d'v cGtu{t sfof{no / cfof]hgf k|d'v cGtu{tsf] cfof]hgf @_ dxflgb]{zs, kz';]jf ljefu Æ Æ #_ dxflgb]{zs, ;8s ljefu Æ Æ $_ dxflgb]{zs, vfg]kfgL tyf 9nlgsf; lgdf{0f Æ Æ %_ dxflgb]{zs, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu Æ Æ ^_ dxflgb]{zs, l;+rfO{ ljefu Æ Æ &_ dxflgb]{zs, hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f ljefu Æ Æ *_ dxflgb]{zs, eG;f/ ljefu Æ Æ (_ dxflgb]{zs, cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefu Æ Æ !)_ dxflgb]{zs, :yflgo k"jf{wf/ tyf u|fld0f ;8s ljefu Æ Æ !!_ dxflgb]{zs, lzIff ljefu Æ Æ !@_ k|d'v, z}lIfs hgzQmL ljsf; s]Gb| Æ Æ !#_ k|d'v, kf7\qmd ljsf; s]Gb| Æ Æ !$_ k|d'v, cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb| Æ Æ !%_ dxflgb]{zs, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu Æ Æ !^_ dxflgb]{zs, dlxnf ljsf; ljefu Æ Æ !&_ dxflgb]{zs, pBf]u ljefu Æ Æ !*_ dxflgb]{zs, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu Æ Æ !(_ dxflgb]{zs, u'0f:t/ gfktf}n ljefu Æ Æ @)_ dxflgb]{zs, jfl0fHo ljefu Æ Æ @!_ dxflgb]{zs, vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu Æ Æ @@_ dxflgb]{zs, jg ljefu Æ Æ 331 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 145 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np @#_ dxflgb]{zs, e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f ljefu Æ Æ @$_ dxflgb]{zs, /fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If, lzsf/ cf/If tyf ;+/If0f ljefu @%_ dxflgb]{zs, jg:ktL ljefu æ æ @^_ dxflgb]{zs, lghfdtL lstfjvfgf Æ Æ @&_ dxflgb]{zs, >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefu Æ Æ @*_ dxflgb]{zs, oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu Æ Æ @(_ dxflgb]{zs, cf}ifwL Joj:yf ljefu Æ Æ #)_ /lhi6«f/, sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no Æ Æ #!_ dGqfno,cfof]u,;lrjfno jf s]Gb|sf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf k|d'vn] ljefusf ljefuLo k|d'v jf sfof{no k|d'v cfof]hgf k|d'v;Fu 146 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 332cg';"rL– L –( -lgod #^ sf] pklgod -!&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ;?jf dfu ug]{ lgj]bgkqsf] 9fF F rf 9frf ldlt–@)=====.===.=== ljifoM– ;?jf x'g kfpF . >Ldfg\ ============================Ho", ==================================== dxf]bo, tn plNnlvt lgsfodf ;?jf eO{ /fi6« ;]jf ug{] cj;/ kfpg d]/f] ePsf] ;To tYo ljj/0fx¿ ;lxt ;Da4 sfuhft o;} ;fy ;+nUg /fvL of] lgj]bg u/]sf]÷u/]sL 5' . sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f M sfof{nosf] kb ;]jf÷;d"x÷ gfd >]0fL hGd ldlt pk;d"x ;f] sfof{nodf 3/ 7]ufgf / xflh/ ePsf] gf=k|=kq g+=,ldlt ldlt -lhNnf_ o;eGbf cufl8 sfo{ u/]sf] ljj/0f -qmdfut kl5Nnf] cfwf/df _ sfof{nosf] kb gfd ;]jf÷;d"x÷ >]0fL ===b]lv=====;Dd jif{÷dlxgf ef}uf]lns If]q pk;d"x ! @ # $ % 332 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 147 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;?jf x'g rfx]sf] sf] lhNnf / sfof{no -k|fyldstfqmdsf] cfwf/df_ != @= #= ;+nUg sfuhftx¿ sfuhftx¿ != ;DalGwt sfof{nodf sfdsfh u/]sf] k'i6\ofOF x'g] sfuh @= ;?jf x'g rfx]sf] sf/0f / k|df0f o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f ;fFrf] xf], e'm§f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo ef]Ug tof/ 5' . lgj]bs gfd y/ M kbM s=;Í]t g+= sfof{noM ;?jf lgj]bg ljZn]if0f ;"rL -(Checklist) !_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, lgodfjnL Pj+ ;?jf gLlt adf]lhd ef}uf]lns If]qdf÷sfof{nodf sfd ug'{kg{] cjlw k"/f ePsf k"/f gePsf] @_ klxn] ;f] sfof{nodf sfo{ u/L;s]sf] k|ydk6s bf]xf]¥ofO{ #_ 3/ kfos kg{] gkg{] $_ klt klTg b'j} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf ePsf] gePsf] %_ sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ ^_ kmflhndf /x] g/x]sf] &_ cWoog jf tflnd sfh÷cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfdf sfd u/]sf] ljsf; ;ldlt tyf %) jif{ gk'u]sf] %)jif{ k'u]sf] /x]sf] g/x]sf] cfof]hgf sfhdf uPsf] cj:yf kbflwsf/ ;fg{] *_ dGqfno÷ljefusf] ;xdltkq ePsf] (_ ;?jf x'g rfx]sf] lgsfodf tTsfn b/jGbL l/Qmsf] cj:yf l/Qm /x]sf] gePsf] l/Qm g/x]sf] 148 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np !)_ ldlt @)^$.$.! kZrft\ /fhkq cglÍt kbdf lgo'QmL x'g]sf] xsdf ;DalGwt c~rndf bz jif{ k'u]sf] bz jif{ gk'u]sf] !!_ clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g] cjlw Ps jif{ eGbf sd Ps jif{ eGbf a9L !@_ xfn sfo{/t lgsfodf ?h' xflh/ lbg o;df n]lvPsf] Joxf]/f ;fFrf] xf], e'm¶f 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo ef]Ug tof/ 5' . cf1fsf/L gfd y/ M kbM s=;Í]t g+= sfof{noM 149 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– !) -lgod #& ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] /fVg'kg]{ cfkm" cGtu{tsf sfof{nox¿sf] >]0fLut ;?jf;DaGwL ljj/0fsf] 9fF F rf 9frf sfof{noM– lhNnfM– ljj/0f el/Psf] ldltM– qm=;+= >]0fL ! @ ;]jf s'n kb s'n l/Qm kbdf nf]s;]jf v'b l/Qm s}lkmot ;d"x÷ b/aGbL k"lt{ l/Qm kb ;?jf eO;s]sf] cfof]udf ;+Vof pk;d"x ;+Vof # $ ;+Vof t/ sd{rf/L dfu -$–%_ xflh/ eO{ k7fPsf] g;s]sf] ;+Vof ;+Vof & * % ^ -^–&–*_ ( !) gf]6M– M– -!_ of] 9fFrf k|To]s sfof{non] /fVg'kg]{5 . -@_ k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf of] ljj/0f cBfjlws agfpg' kg]{5 . -#_ of] ljj/0f ;]jf ;d"x ;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno, ;DalGwt dGqfno / ljefudf k7fpg'÷/fVg'kg]{5 . tof/ ug]{ clws[tsf]– k|dfl0ft ug]{ clws[tsf]– b:tvtM b:tvtM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM 150 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– !! -lgod #* sf] 333pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ;?jfsf] ljj/0f -JolQmut kmfOndf /xg]_ != gfdM– ^= ;d"xM– @= sd{rf/L ;+s]t gDa/M– &= pk;d"xM– #= kbM– *= z}lIfs of]UotfM– $= >]0fLM– (= tflndM– %= ;]jfM– !)= cGo ljj/0f -s]xL eP_M– ;fljssf] ;?jf jf ;?jf xflh/ ;?jfsf] csf]{ ;?jfsf] sfof{no kb:yfkgf ePsf] ldlt ePsf] sf/0f nflu cjlw ePsf] sfof{no ldlt s}lkmot k'Ug] ldlt b|i6JoM o; kmf/fdcg';f/sf] ljj/0f k|To]s sfof{nosf] k|d'vn] e/L e/fO{ cBfjlws u/fO{ /fVg'kg]{5 . tof/ ug]{ clws[tsf]– k|dfl0ft ug]{ clws[tsf]– b:tvtM b:tvtM kbM kbM ldltM ldltM 333 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 151 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 334cg';"rL– L– !!s -lgod #* sf] pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ;?jfkqsf] gd"gf dxfzo, g]kfn ;/sf/÷============sf] ldlt ============== sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ tkfO{+nfO{ ;?jf ePsf] dGqfno÷;lrjfno÷cfof]u÷sfof{noaf6} cjlw tf]Sg] u/L jf ================ cjlw;Ddsf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhd ;?jf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fljs kb / sfof{no ;?jf ePsf] kb / sfof{no g]kfn ======= ;]jf========;d"x g]kfn ===== ;]jf ======;d"x /fhkqf+lst÷/fhkq cg+lst ====== /fhkqf+lst÷/fhkq cg+lst======= >]0fL ========= >]0fL ========= >L =================== 335sd{rf/L ;Í]t g++================= af]wfy{ tyf sfof{y{M nf]s;]jf cfof]u lghfdtL lstfavfgf sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if 334 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 335 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 152 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– !@ 336-lgod #* sf] pklgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ /dfgfkq g]kfn ;/sf/ ======== dGqfno÷ljefu÷sfof{no kq ;+Vof ldltM >L============================================ To; sfof{nodf ;?jf x'g' ePsf >L ======== nfO{ lghsf] ljj/0f;lxtsf] /dfgfkq lbO{ To; sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g k7fOPsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w ub{5' . != sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/M– @= sd{rf/Lsf] ;+s]t gDa/M– #= ;fljs -s_ kbM -v_ >]0fLM -u_ ;]jfM -3_ ;d"x, pk;d"xM -ª_ sfof{no $= %= ;?jf ePsf] -s_ lg0f{o ldltM -v_ kbM -u_ >]0fLM -3_ ;]jfM -ª_ ;d"x, pk;d"xM -r_ sfof{noM a/a'emf/y;DaGwL ljj/0fM u/]sf] gu/]sf] ^= /dfgf x'g] ldltM &= /dfgfkqsf] ldlt;Dd vr{ ePsf labfM– -s_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf ===== lbg -v_ 3/ labf ===== lbg -u_ la/fdL labf ===== lbg -3_ 337 k|;'tL labf÷k|;'tL :ofxf/ labf ===== k6s 336 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 337 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 153 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -ª_ cWoog labf ==== lbg -r_ c;fwf/0f labf ==== lbg a]tnjL ljbf === lbg 338-5_ *= /dfgfkqsf] ldlt;Dd ;l~rt labf -s_ 3/ labf ==== lbg -v_ la/fdL labf ==== lbg -u_ 339k|;'tL ==== lbg -3_ cWoog labf ==== lbg -ª_ c;fwf/0f labf ==== lbg j]tnjL ljbf ==== lbg 340-r_ 341*s= labf÷k|;'tL :ofxf/ labf sfof{nodf ?h' xflh/ ePsf] lbg M – (= vfOkfO{ cfPsf] dfl;sM !)= tna eQf e'QmfgL lnPsf] clGtd ldltM– !!= sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if s§L /sdM– !@= e'QmfgL lnPsf] pkrf/ vr{sf] /sdM– !#= b}lgs e|d0f eQfafkt lnPsf] k]ZsL /sdM– !$= tna j[l4 x'g z'? ePsf] z'? ldltM– !%= gful/s nufgL sf]if s§L /sdM– !^= cfos/ s§L /sdM– 342!&=-s_ -v_ -s_ tna ?= -v_ tna j[l4 ?= ldltM– ;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] ;fn============ dlxgf ==============ut] ;fjlws hLjg aLdf afkt jflif{s lk|ldod lt/]sf] ;fn======== ========dlxgf===========ut]========= 343!*= -s_ -v_ k'/fgf] lgj[Qe/0f of]hgf ============= gofF lgj[Qe/0f of]hgfsf] z'? ldlt ;fn ============dlxgf=============/ sf]ifdf /sd hDdf eO;s]sf] ldlt ;fn================dlxgf================;Ddsf] 338 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 339 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 340 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 341 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 342 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 343 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 154 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 344!(= rf8kj{ vr{ lng] rf8sf] gfd / ;f] rf8 kg]{ ltly / ;+efljt dlxgf M 345@)= lzz' :ofxf/ eQf lnPsf] ljj/0f M af]wfy{M– >L lghfdtL lstfavfgf, xl/x/ ejg . >L sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if, lqb]jL dfu{, 7d]n . >L ========= -;DalGwt sd{rf/L_M– ;?jf ePsf] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g hfg' x'g . 346>L ========================-gofF lgj[Qe/0f of]hgf cg';f/sf] /sd hDdf ePsf] ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf_ 344 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 345 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 346 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 155 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 347cg';"rL– L–!@s -lgod ^#s=;Fu ;DalGwt_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0fdf hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] sa'lnotfgfdfsf] 9fF F rf 9frf -tnjL cWoog labf÷sfh :jLs[ltsf] nflu lbOg] lgj]bg ;fydf g} clgjfo{¿kdf of] sa'lnotgfdf k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 . ===== ====== ==== ==== ==== ===== =dGqfno ÷cfof]u ÷;lrjfno ÷ljefu ÷sfof{nosf] =====================kbdf sfo{/t\ d ===========================n] g]kfn ;/sf/ -============:t/_ sf] ldlt ======================sf] ldlt=========================b]lv lg0fof{g';f/==========================d'n'sdf =====================;Dd ;+rfng x'g]=======================================================ljifosf] cWoog÷ tflnd÷e|d0fdf dgf]gog eP cg'¿k lgs6 eljiodf pQm sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g hfg nfu]sf]n] d}n] lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( -;+zf]wg ;lxt_sf] bkmf $)3= adf]lhd b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sa'lnotgfdf k]z u/]sf] 5' . -s_ plNnlvt cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0fdf ;xefuL x'gsf] nflu lglb{i6 ldltleq cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ ;+:yfdf xflh/ x'g hfg]5' . -v_ ;j} k|sf/sf cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0f cjlwe/ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug]{ Pj+ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfoaf6 lgwf{l/t gLlt÷lgod÷cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] k"0f{¿kdf kfngf ug]{5' . -u_ ;j} k|sf/sf cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0fsf] nflu k"j{ :jLs[t cjlw e'QmfgL x'gf;fy :jb]z kmsL{ cfˆgf]] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] lgsfodf xflh/ x'g]5', tyf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(-;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] bkmf $) -u_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw;Dd clgjfo{¿kn] ;]jf ug]{5' . -3_ plNnlvt cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0f k"/f ugf{;fy lgodfg';f/sf Dofbleq d]/f] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g gcfPdf jf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] bkmf $) -u_ adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $) -3_@ cg';f/ cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0f cjlwdf d}n] 347 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 156 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kfPsf] tnj, eQf Pj+ cGo cfly{s ;'ljwfx¿sf] ;fy} pQm sfo{qmddf efu lng cfp+bf hfbfsf] nflu k|fKt u/]sf] xjfOef8f, bft[–lgsfoaf6 k|fKt 5fqj[lQ tyf cGo cfly{s ;'ljwf j/fj/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd d}n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 e'QmfgL kfpg'kg]{ tnj eQf, k]G;g jf pkbfg, d]/f] gfpFdf /x]sf] sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if / gful/s nufgL sf]if, d}n] ;l~rt u/]sf] 3/ labf / lj/fdL labf jfkt kfpg'kg]{ /sd, cf}iflw pkrf/ jfkt d}n] e'QmfgL kfpg' kg]{ /sd, g]kfn ;/sf/ / d]/f] ;+o'Qm nufgLaf6 ul/Psf] aLdf /sd / g]kfnleq d]/f] gfddf /x]sf] rn–crn ;DkQLaf6 ;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/n] daf6 ;/sf/L jfFsL ;/x c;"n u/]df d]/f] k"0f{ dGh"/L 5 . sa'lnotgfdf u/fpg] clwsf/Lsf],– sa'lnotgfdf ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf],– b:tvt============================ b:tvt============================ gfd, y/ gfd, y/ M kb M kb M sfof{no M sfof{no M ldlt================================ ldlt================================ 157 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 348cg';"rL– L–!@v= -lgod ^#s= ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lgod ^!sf] pklgod -%_ cg';f/ cWoog labf / lgod ^@ sf] pklgod -#_ sf] v08 -v_ cg';f/ c;fwf/0f labf lnO{ cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0fdf hfg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sj'lnotgfdfsf] 9fFrf -labf :jLs[ltsf] nflu lbOg] lgj]bg ;fydf g} clgjfo{¿kdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 ._ ===========================================sfof{no÷;lrjfno÷cfof]u÷ljefu÷sfof{nosf] ===================================== kbdf sfo{/t d ===================================== n] g]kfn ;/sf/ -+============== :t/_ sf] ldlt ===================== sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ldlt ============== b]lv ================== ;Dd ================= d'n'ssf] ============================== ========= ljZjlaBfno÷z}lIfs ;+:yfdf ===========================ljifosf] cWoog÷tflnd÷e|d0f ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] / g]kfn ;/sf/ -==============_ :t/sf] ldlt ================= sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ pko'{Qm k|of]hgsf] nflu d lgs6 eljiodf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] d'n'sdf hfg nfu]sf]n] pQmfg';f/sf] d]/f] :jLs[t labf ;DffKt x'gf;fy d cfˆgf]] kbflwsf/ sfod /x]sf] lgsfodf xflh/ x'g]5' / cWoogjf6 kmls{cfPkl5 d}n] labf lnPsf] cjlw a/fa/sf] cjlw clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;]jf ug]{5' . pQm k|of]hgsf] nflu :jLs[t cWoog labf e'Qmfg x'gf ;fy kbflwsf/ sfod /x]sf] lgsfodf xflh/ x'g gcfPsf] cj:yfdf jf plNnlvt cjlw;Dd ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] cj:yfdf d}n] labf lnPsf]] cjlw d]/f] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf gePdf d]/f] d~h"/L 5 egL of] sj'lnotgfdf k]z u/]sf] 5' . sa'lnotgfdf u/fpg] clwsf/Lsf],– sa'lnotgfdf ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf],– b:tvt============================ b:tvt============================ gfd, y/ gfd, y/ M kb M kb M sfof{no M ldlt================================ 348 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 158 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 349cg';"rL– L–!@u= -lgod ^#s=;Fu ;DalGwt_ /fli6«o tyf cGt/{fli6«o ;+3÷;+:yfdf sfd ug{sf] nflu c;fwf/0f labf dfu ug]{ qmddf lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sa'lnotgfdfsf] 9fFrf -c;fwf/0f labf :jLs[ltsf] nflu lbOg] lgj]bg ;fydf g} clgjfo{¿kdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 ._ ===========================================dGqfno÷;lrjfno÷cfof]u÷ljefu÷sfof{nosf] ================================ kbdf sfo{/t d ===================================== n] g]kfn ;/sf/ -============== :t/_ sf] ldlt ===================== sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ k|fKt u/]sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt cg'¿k ldlt ============== b]lv ================== ;Dd========================== ;+3÷;+:yfdf ;]jf ug{sf] nflu c;fwf/0f labf dfu u/]sf] 5' . pQm labf :jLs[t ePsf] cj:yfdf labfsf] cjlw ;dfKt x'gf;fy d cfˆgf]] kbflwsf/ sfod /x]sf] lgsfodf xflh/ x'g]5' / ;f] labfaf6 kmsL{ cfPkl5 d}n] labf lnPsf] cjlw a/fa/sf] cjlw clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;]jf ug]{5' . sa'lnotgfdf u/fpg] clwsf/Lsf],– sa'lnotgfdf ug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf],– b:tvt============================ b:tvt============================ gfd, y/ gfd, y/ M kb M kb M sfof{no M sfof{no M ldlt================================ ldlt================================ 349 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 159 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– !# -lgod ^$ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ labfsf] lgj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/ ========================sfof{no sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ gfd ================ 350sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+========== dGqfno÷ljefu ================ kb ====================================== sfof{no===================================== lrGx dfu]sf] labfsf] lsl;d labfsf] cjlw sf/0f nufpg] != e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf @= 3/ labf #= la/fdL labf $= 351 k|;'tL labf÷k|;'tL :ofxf/ labf %= lsl/of labf sd{rf/Lsf] ;xL jf kq ^= cWoog labf &= c;fwf/0f labf ldltM– labfsf] ldlt ===================================== b]lv =========================;Dd 350 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 351 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 160 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfn] k|of]u ug]{ labfsf] lsl;d cl3sf] afFsL xfn dfu]sf] ca /xg cfpg] != e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf @= 3/ labf #= la/fdL labf $= 352k|;'tL labf÷k|;'tL :ofxf/ labf %= cWoog labf ^= c;fwf/0f labf ======================= sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvf ldltM ====================== l;kmfl/; gePsf] l;kmfl/; ePsf] labf ;lsg] ldlt ============================ lgs6td dflyNnf] clws[t ldltM ====================== s'g} s'/f eP hgfpg]M– ============================================================= :jLs[t c:jLs[t ======== labf ;lsg] ldlt ======================= :jLs[lt lbg] clws[t ====================== kb 352 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 161 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np sd{rf/Lsf] hfgsf/Lsf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/ ===================== labf :jLs[ltsf] ;"rgf kq ;+VofM ldltM– ==================== >L ============================================ labfsf] lsl;d cjlw z'? x'g] ldlt sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g] ldlt =================================== ;"rgf ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvf 162 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L–!$ -lgod ^( sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ ljbf 3/ labf la/fdL labf lsl/of labf 353k|;'lt cWoog labf c;fwf/0f labf ljj/0f labf÷k|;'lt :ofxf/ pkrf/ vr{ k|dfl0ft jfkt lnPsf ug]{ clws[tsf] labf ! hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL hDdf vr{ afFsL /sd ldlt @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ !& !* !( @) @! @@ @# @$ s}lkmot labf tyf pkrf/ vr{sf] ljj/0f b:tvt @% @^ ljut ;fn ;Ddsf] lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf] 353 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 163 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 354cg';"rL – !% -lgod &* sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt _ /fhkq cglÍt tyf >]0fL ljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg kmf/fd eg]{ lgb]{lzsf != of] kmf/fd k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ->fj0f ! b]lv c;f/ d;fGt;Dd sfd u/]sf] cfwf/df_ eg{' kg]{5 . @= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdnfO{ tLg v08df lgDg cg';f/ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M– v08 s – ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0f / pknlAw v08 v – sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ d"NofÍg v08 u – k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"NofÍg #= v08 -s_ df plNnlvt sfdsf] ljj/0f cGtu{t /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ laifo, nIo / sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ egL tf]lsPsf] dxndf pknlAw ;d]t ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] eg'{ kg]{5 . o;/L sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfd ebf{ sfo{ ljj/0fdf p;n] ug]{ egL tf]lsPsf / jflif{s sfo{ of]hgfdf k/]sf sfdx¿af6 eg'{ kg]{5 . o;f] ubf{ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfo{ ljj/0f / :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{ of]hgfsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f & ut] leqdf cfk"mn] u/]sf ;a} sfdx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd ;d]l6g] u/L a9Ldf kfFr j6f sfdx¿ 5f]6s/Ldf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . lgod &*v adf]lhd el/Psf] aflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf gfd, b:tvt / ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L tf]lsPsf] ;do leqdf btf{ u/L d"NofÍgsf nflu ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{ k5{ jf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg' kg]{ eP tf]lsPsf] ;do leqdf x'nfsdf /lhi68{ btf{ u/L d"NofÍgsf nflu ;'k/Lj]Ifs sxfF k7fpg' k5{ . $= ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Laf6 el/Psf] kmf/fd k|fKt eP kl5 v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] eg]{ / l6Kk0fL ug]{ egL tf]lsPsf] dxndf sd{rf/Låf/f el/Psf] pknlAw ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L l6Kk0fL ug{'kg]{5 . lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] e/]sf] sfdsf] pknlAw / l6Kk0fLsf] cfwf/df ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f d;fGt leq v08 -v_ sf] æ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] d"NofÍgÆ sf] c+z eg'{kg]{5 . o;/L d"NofÍg ubf{ ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] sd{rf/Laf6 cfˆgf] sfo{ljj/0fdf tf]lsPsf / jflif{s sfo{ of]hgfdf k/]sf sfdx¿sf] pknJwLsf] ljj/0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5, 5}g eGg] 354 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 164 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np s'/f x]/L ;f] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L d"NofÍg u/L ;s]kl5 cfˆgf]] gfd, kb, b:tvt / ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L >fj0f d;fGt leq} k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] k|fKt ul/;Sg] u/L ;f] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . %= k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] ;'k/Lj]Ifsaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] kmf/fdsf] v08 -s_ sf] cfwf/df k|To]s jif{sf] efb| kGw| ut] leqdf v08 -v_ æk'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍgÆ sf] c+z eg'{kg]{5 . o;/L el/Psf] kmf/fd k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfˆgf] gfd, kb, b:tvt / ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] k|fKt ul/ ;Sg] u/L k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ^= k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿df k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{ ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf b'j}sf] d"NofÍgdf lrQ ga'e]mdf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;+u k'i6\ofO{sf] dfu ug]{ jf k'gd{"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{ cfwf/ ;lxt k'glj{rf/sf] nflu k7fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L k7fPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf ;'k/Lj]Ifs tyf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfk"msxfF k|fKt ePsf] tLg lbg leq k'gM d"NofÍg u/L jf klxn] u/]sf] d"NofÍgdf ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos geP ;f]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z u/L ;Sg'kg]{5 . o;/L k'gM k]z x'g cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ gcfPdf jf cÍ ;+zf]wg klg eO{ gcfPdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] o; ljifodf l6Kk0fL u/L To:tf ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] clen]v /fVg / lghx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf k'glj{rf/ ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 . &= k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿df ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] d"NofÍg u/]sf] ;d]tsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L k|To]s jif{sf] efb| d;fGt leq} nf]s ;]jf cfof]u / a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . *= Pp6f cjlw leq Ps eGbf a9L ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] ;'kl/j]If0fdf /xL sfd u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] kmf/fd eg'{ kbf{ ;f] cjlwsf] cGtdf hf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs x'G5 p;}n] k"/f cjlwsf] kmf/fd eg'{ kg]{5 . (= P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -^s_ adf]]lhdsf] ;dofjlw kl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ubf{ rfn' cfly{s jif{ leq btf{ ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L btf{ ul/Psf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn]] Ps cÍ 36fpg]5 . 165 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np !)= s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] ;doleq a'emfpg' kg]{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ;dod} e/L btf{ u/]sf]df sfof{nodf eljtJo kl/ cfunflu jf cGo To:t} b}jL ljkQL jf k|fs[lts k|sf]k k/L btf{ u/L ;s]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd gi6 x'g uPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd gi6 x''g'sf] sf/0f / k|df0f ;lxt tfn's dGqfnosf] :jLs[t lnO{ jxfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{n] k|df0f ;d]t ;+nUg u/L ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd k'gM eg{ nufO{ d"NofÍg ug'{kb{5 . o;/L d"NofÍg u/]sf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf d"NofÍgstf{n] k'gM d"NofÍg ug{' kgf{sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L k|df0f ;d]t ;+nUg ug'kb{5 . !!= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ qmddf ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf labfsf] cfj]bg glbO nuftf/ tL; lbg eGbf a9L cg'kl:yt ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ rf/ dWo] pko'Qm Pp6f kIfdf nfut, ;do, kl/df0f / u'0f_ dWo] cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -v_ gl;xt kfPsf] jf u|]8 /f]Ssf jf a9'jf /f]Ssfsf] ;hfo kfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] jif{df sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -u_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sd sfa' jflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]sf] egL sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fPsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s c¿ cj:yfdf cfly{s k|zf;g tyf k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL 5 dlxgfleq km5\of}{6 gu/fPsf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -3_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlwdf /sd lgsf;f / sfo{qmd :jLs[t e};s]kl5 klg jif{e/L krf; k|ltzt nIo k"/f ug{ jf glthf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], 166 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -ª_ sfof{no k|d'v jfx]ssf kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] nIo k|To]s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlw leq sd{rf/Lsf] ;fd"lxs a}7saf6 lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . To;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] nIo To:tf] krf; k|ltzt k"/f ug{ g;Sg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍg df v08 -3_ adf]lhd sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], t/ v08 -3_ / -ª_ df tf]lsPsf] nIo ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0fn] geO{ cGo sf/0fn] k"/f x'g g;s]sf]df cÍ 36fOg] 5}g . -r_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;glxg sfd u/]sf] k|df0f ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -5_ lgod &*v=sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq cw{jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd geg]{ / Dofb leq jflif{s tyf cw{ jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] ;du| u'0f / kl/df0f ;DaGwL b'O{ cfwf/dWo] Pp6fdf cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], !@= qmd;+Vof !! adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cÍ 36fpFbf Pp6} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Ps eGbf a9L cfwf/df cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf Ps jif{df rf/j6f dWo] b'O{ eGbf a9L cfwf/df cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ 5}g . !#= qmd;+Vof !! adf]lhdsf sf/0f ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f] adf]lhdsf] cÍ g36fPsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] d"NofÍg stf{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg df Ps cÍ 36fOg]5 . !$= qmd;+Vof !! adf]lhd cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf klg ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;lxtsf] sfuhft ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . !%= sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg stf{n] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ubf{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg kmf/fddf cÍ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu lglb{i6 ul/Psf] dxndf :ki6 ¿kdf cÍ g} n]vL d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . 167 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np /fhkq cglª\st tyf >]0fL ljxLg lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{no M– btf{ g+= M– ldlt M– sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M sd{rf/L ;Í]tM != kb M @= >]0fL $= ;d"x %= pk;d"x ^= sfof{nosf] gfd M &= xfnsf] kbdf lgo'QmL ldlt M *= o; d"NofÍg sf] cjlwdf ;?jf ePsf sfof{nox¿ d"NofÍg cjlw M =====;fn======dlxgf b]lv=======;fn ====== dlxgf;Dd #= ;]jf -qmdzM_====================================================== (= ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldltM–================================ 168 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np v08 -s_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0f nIo tf]lsPsf / gtf]lsPsf] sfdx¿ sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ ljj/0f kl/df0f nfut ;do u'0f:t/ -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -ª_ cfˆg} kxndf u/]sf cGo sfo{x¿ -s_ -v_ 169 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np s'g} sfd ;Dkfbg x'g g;s]sf] eP To;sf sf/0fx¿ sfdx¿ -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ sf/0fx¿ -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] l6Kk0fL ;dfwfg ug{ ul/Psf] -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -s_ sf/0fsf] cf}lrTo -s_ -s_ -s_ -v_ -v_ -v_ -u_ -u_ -u_ -3_ -3_ -3_ 7Ls -v_ sf/0f ;dfwfg ug{ ul/Psf] k|of; M 7Ls 7Ls a]7Ls ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] b:tvt M sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt M ldlt M ldlt M b|i6JoM 6JoM -!_ -@_ nIo tf]lsPsf] sfdsf] lgldQ lgwf{l/t cfwf/x¿ -kl/df0f, nfut, ;do / u'0f:t/_ ;Dej eP;Dd eg]{ k|of; x'g' kg]{5 . lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] nIo gtf]lsPsf] sfdx¿sf] pknlAw ljj/0f eg{' kbf{ ;Dej eP;Dd kl/df0f, nfut / ;donfO{ cf}+Nofpg' kg]{5 . 170 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np v08 -v_ ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnfsgstf{sf] d"Nofª\sg ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldlt M– sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldlt M– :t/ ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] d"NofÍg clt pQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍg clt pQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g -sfo{ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df_ cÍ ^=@% %=@% $=@% #=@% @=% @ !=% ! -!_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f -@_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| nfut -#_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| ;do -$_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| u'0f hDdf k|fKtfÍ -cÍ / cIf/df_ k"0ff{Í @% k"0ff{Í !) (%Ü eGbf a9L / &%Ü eGbf 36L cÍ ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] gfdM lbbf v'nfpg'kg]{ sf/0f kbM k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] gfdM sd{rf/L ;Í]t sd{rf/L ;Í]t b:tvt M b:tvt ldltM ldlt M kbM 171 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np nfutnfO{ d"NofÍg ug{ ;Dej gb]lvPdf o; afkt 5'6\ofOPsf] cÍ afFsL tLgj6f cfwf/x¿df ;dfg'kflts lx;fadf ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . s'g} dxndf ljj/0f gc6fP 5'§} kfgfdf v'nfO{ k|dfl0ft u/L ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$s / lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &* df tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*v= adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy} lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd (% k|ltzteGbf a9L / &% k|ltzteGbf 36L cÍ k|bfg ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 / &% k|ltzt eGbf 36L cÍ lbPsf]df ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO lghn] k|ltlqmof lbPdf ;f] ;d]t /fvL k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k|fKtfÍdf l6k]S; nufPdf l6k]S; nufpg] d"NofÍgstf{nfO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug]{5 . 172 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np v08 -u_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"NofÍg sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M kbM >]0fLM k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldltM JolQmut u'0f Pj+ cfr/0f :t/ cÍ cltpQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g ! )=&% )=%) )=@% -s_ /fhkq cglÍt sd{rf/Lx¿sf] nflu -!_ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / ;Lk -@_ uf]kgLotf /fVg ;Sg] Ifdtf -#_ lgb]{zg cg';f/ sfd ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf -$_ pkl:ylt, ;dokfngf / cg'zf;g -%_ Odfgbfl/tf / g}ltstf k"0ff{Í % s'n k|fKtfÍM cÍdf cIf/df 173 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -v_ >]0fL laxLg sd{rf/Lx¿sf] nflu :t/ cltpQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g cÍ ! )=&% )=%) )=@% -!_ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / ;Lk -@_ lgb]{zfg';f/ sfd ug]{ Ifdtf -#_ sfddf ?rL, pT;fx -$_ cf1fkfng / cg'zf;g -%_ ;hutf / zL3|tf k"0ff{Í % s"n k|fKtfÍM cÍdf cIf/df k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] gfdM kb sd{rf/L ;Í]t b:tvt != s'n k|fKtfÍ cÍdfM cIf/dfM @= #= ldlt M b|i6Jo M lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] (% k|ltzt eGbf a9L / &% k|ltzt eGbf 36L cÍ k|bfg ug{ k/]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg' kg{]5 . 174 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 355 cg';"rL– L–!%s -lgod &* sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ /fhkqflÍt /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cw{jflif{s / jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ofÍg kmf/fd sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg kmf/fd eg]{ lgb]{lzsf != of] cg';"rLsf] cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofs+g kmf/fd k|To]s cw{jflif{s cjlwsf] cfwf/df / jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nofs+g kmf/fd k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ->fj0f ! b]lv c;f/ d;fGt;Dd sfd u/]sf] cfwf/df_ eg{' kg]{5 . @= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdnfO{ tLg v08df lgDg cg';f/ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M– v08 s – cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd v08 v – jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd -;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍg_ v08 u #= – k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"NofÍg v08 -s_ df plNnlvt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ egL tf]lsPsf ! b]lv $ ;Ddsf dxnx¿df ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] eg'{ kg]{5 . tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf cfk"mn] u/]sf ;a} sfdx¿nfO{ ;s];Dd ;d]l6g] u/L sfdx¿ 5f]6s/Ldf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf egL pNn]v ePsf sfo{x¿ p;sf] sfo{ ljj/0f leq k/]sf / :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{of]hgf leq k/]sf x'g' kg]{5 . sfo{ljj/0f / sfo{ of]hgf leq gk/]sf tyf cGo kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f / sfo{of]hgf leq k/]sf sfdx¿ ;fdfGotof eg{ x'Fb}g . o;/L el/Psf] kmf/fddf b:tvt / ldlt ;lxt tf]lsPsf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|To]s cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ;ft lbg leq ;Dalwt sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] kmf/fd k]z ubf{ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfo{ ljj/0f / :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{ of]hgfsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L /fhkqflÍt sd{rf/Ljf6 e/L cfPsf cw{jflif{s cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿nfO{ ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] u/]sf] egL pNn]v u/sf sfo{x¿ lghsf] sfo{ ljj/0f / :jLs[t sfo{ of]hgf leq k/]sf 5g\ 5}gg\ / :jLs[t sfo{ ljj/0f / sfo{of]hgf leq k/]sf sfo{x¿sf] pknJwL sd{rf/Ln] 355 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 175 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np kmf/fddf pNn]v u/] cg';f/ 5 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] hfFr u/L To;sf] k[i7kf]if0f ;lxt csf]{ ;ft lbg leqdf ;DjlGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{5 . k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f ;ft ut] leq cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdx¿nfO{ pNn]v u/L lgod &*v adf]lhd el/Psf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf gfd, b:tvt / ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L tf]lsPsf] ;do leqdf btf{ u/L d"NofÍgsf nflu ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{ k5{ jf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg' kg]{ eP tf]lsPsf] ;do leqdf x'nfsdf /lhi68{ btf{ u/L d"NofÍgsf nflu ;'k/Lj]Ifs sxfF k7fpg' k5{ . lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] e/]sf] cw{ jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿sf cfwf/df ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f d;fGt leq jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+Ígsf] nflu v08 -v_ sf] æ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] d"NofÍgÆsf] c+z eg'{kg]{5 . $= o;/L d"NofÍg u/L ;s]kl5 ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] cfˆgf]] gfd, b:tvt / ldlt pNn]v u/L] ;f] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd >fj0f d;fGt leq} k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] k|fKt ul/;Sg] u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . %= k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] ;'k/Lj]Ifsaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] cfwf/df k|To]s jif{sf] efb| kGw| ut] leq v08 -u_ sf] æk'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍgÆ sf] c+z eg'{ kg]{5 . o;/L el/Psf] kmf/fddf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfˆgf]] gfd, b:tvt / ldlt pNn]v u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ^= k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿df k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{ ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf b'j}sf] d"NofÍgdf lrQ ga'e]mdf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;+u k'i6\ofO{sf] dfu ug]{ jf k'gd{"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{ cfwf/ ;lxt k'glj{rf/sf] nflu k7fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L k7fPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf ;'k/Lj]Ifs tyf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfk"msxfF k|fKt ePsf] tLg lbg leq k'gM d"NofÍg u/L jf klxn] u/]sf] d"NofÍgdf ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos geP ;f]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L k'gM k]z x'g cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ gcfPdf jf cÍ ;+zf]wg klg eO{ gcfPdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] o; ljifodf l6Kk0fL u/L To:tf ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] clen]v /fVg / lghx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf k'glj{rf/ ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 . 176 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np &= k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] k]z x'g cfPsf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿df ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] u/]sf] d"NofÍg ;d]tsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L k|To]s jif{sf] efb| d;fGt leq} nf]s ;]jf cfof]u / a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . *= Pp6f cjlw leq Ps eGbf a9L ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] ;'kl/j]If0fdf /xL sfd u/]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf of] kmf/fd eg'{ kbf{ ;f] cjlwsf] cGtdf hf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs x'G5 p;}n] k"/f cjlwsf] kmf/fd eg'{ kg]{5 . (= P]gsf] bkmf @$s= sf] pkbkmf -^s_ adf]]lhdsf] ;dofjlw kl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ubf{ rfn' cfly{s jif{ leq btf{ ul/ ;Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L btf{ ul/Psf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn]] Ps cÍ 36fpg]5 . !)= s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] ;doleq a'emfpg' kg]{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ;dod} e/L btf{ u/]sf]df sfof{nodf eljtJo k/L cfunflu jf cGo To:t} b}jL ljkQL jf k|fs[lts k|sf]k k/L btf{ u/L ;s]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd gi6 x'g uPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd gi6 x''g'sf] sf/0f / k|df0f ;lxt tfn's dGqfnosf] l;kmfl/; ;lxt ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnodf :jLs[ltsf] nflu n]lv k7fpg' kg]{5 / ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ePkl5 jxfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{n] k|df0f ;d]t ;+nUg u/L ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd k'gM eg{ nufO{ d"NofÍg ug'{kb{5 . o;/L d"NofÍg u/]sf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf d"NofÍgstf{n] k'gM d"NofÍg ug{'kgf{sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L k|df0f / :jLs[lt kqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk ;d]t ;nUg ug'kb{5 . !!= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ qmddf ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf labfsf] cfj]bg glbO nuftf/ tL; lbg eGbf a9L cg'kl:yt ePsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ rf/ dWo] pko'Qm Pp6f kIfdf nfut, ;do, kl/df0f / u'0f_ dWo] cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -v_ gl;xt kfPsf] jf u|]8 /f]Ssf jf a9'jf /f]Ssfsf] ;hfo kfPsf] lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] jif{df sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], 177 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -u_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sd sfa' jflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]sf] egL sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fPsf] cj:yfdf jfx]s c¿ cj:yfdf cfly{s k|zf;g tyf k]ZsL km5\of}{6 ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL 5 dlxgfleq km5\of}{6 gu/fPsf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -3_ sfof{no k|d'v jf ljefuLo k|d'v jf cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] kbdf /x]sf] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlwdf /sd lgsf;f / sfo{qmd :jLs[t e};s]kl5 klg jif{e/L krf; k|ltzt nIo k"/f ug{ jf glthf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -ª_ sfof{no k|d'v jfx]ssf kbdf sfo{/t lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] nIo k|To]s jif{sf] klxnf] rf}dfl;s cjlw leq sd{rf/Lsf] ;fd"lxs a}7saf6 lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . To;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] nIo To:tf] krf; k|ltzt k"/f ug{ g;Sg] lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍg df v08 -3_ adf]lhd sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], t/ v08 -3_ / -ª_ df tf]lsPsf] nIo ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0fn] geO{ cGo sf/0fn] k"/f x'g g;s]sf]df cÍ 36fOg] 5}g . -r_ s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;glxg sfd u/]sf] k|df0f ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], -5_ lgod &*v=sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq cw{jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd geg]{ / Dofb leq jflif{s tyf cw{ jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg gug]{ lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] ;du| u'0f / kl/df0f ;DaGwL b'O{ cfwf/ dWo] Pp6fdf cTo'Qd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg], !@= qmd;+Vof !! adf]lhdsf] cfwf/df cÍ 36fpFbf Pp6} lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] Ps eGbf a9L cfwf/df cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf Ps jif{df rf/j6fdWo] b'O{ eGbf a9L cfwf/df cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ 5}g . 178 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np !#= qmd;+Vof !! adf]lhdsf sf/0f ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f] adf]lhdsf] cÍ g36fPsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] d"NofÍg stf{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg df Ps cÍ 36fOg]5 . !$= qmd;+Vof !! adf]lhd cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf klg ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;lxtsf] sfuhft ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . !%= sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg stf{n] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ubf{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg kmf/fddf cÍ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu lglb{i6 ul/Psf] dxndf :ki6 ¿kdf cÍ g} n]vL d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . 179 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np v08 – s /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] lgldQ cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf != k|yd cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd d"NofÍ ofÍg cjlwM========== ;fn >fj0f dlxgfb]lv kf}if d;fGt;Dd d;fGt;Dd ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{no=============== = btf{ g+==================ldlt==================== sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M==========================================sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+= M===================== kb / >]0fL M ===== =============;]jfM ====;d"x jf pk;d"xM======================================= xfn sfo{/t sfof{no =================== xfnsf] kbdf lgo'QmL ldlt M========================== o; d"Nofs+g cjlwdf ;?jf ePsf sfof{nox¿ -s|dzM_ M=============================== ;['kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]]sf] ldlt===================== ;Dkflbt sfd -nIo tf]lsPsf / gtf]lsPsf_ -!_ sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rsfÍ -@_ PsfO{ -;Dej cw{ eP;Dd kl/df0f, jflif{s nfut / ;do jflif{s nIo ;d]t pNn]v nIo ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg sfo{ ;DkGg ;"rsfÍ cg';f/ x'g g;s]sf ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] eP ;f]sf] sf/0f k|ult -#_ -$_ sfo{ ljj/0f / jflif{s sfo{qmd adf]lhdsf sfo{x¿M -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -ª_ cfˆg} kxndf u/]sf cGo sfo{x¿ -s_ -v_ !)) k|ltzt !)) k|ltzt cf}ift k|ltzt======= 180 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt M ldlt M sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ nfu]sf] ;dosf] dfkgsf] cfwf/ sfo{;Dkfbgsf]] k|ultsf] dfkgsf] cfwf/ !_ tf]lsPsf] ;do / ;f] eGbf !_ *)Ü b]lv cufj} sfo{ ;DkGg ePdf – cltpQd !))Ü ;Dd cltpQd @_ s'n sfddWo] !%Ü ;Dd sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 ;DkGg u/]df– @_ ^%Ü b]lv pQd &(=((Ü ;Dd pQd #_ s'n sfddWo] #)Ü ;Dd sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 ;DkGg u/]df– #_ %)Ü b]lv ;fdfGo ^$=((Ü ;Dd ;fdfGo $_ s'n sfddWo] #)Ü eGbf a9L sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 Go"g $_ %)Ü eGbf ;DkGg u/]– -s_ sd Go"g ;DjlGwt ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] d"NofÍgsf] :t/, k[i7kf]if0f jf wf/0ff M– ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] b:tvt M– gfd M kb M sd{rf/L ;Í]t ldlt M -v_ ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] egfO / k|ltlqmof M– b|i6Jo M -!_ k|yd cw{jflif{s d"NofÍgsf] nflu pko'{Qm 9fFrfsf] dxn !,@,# / $ ;Ddsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f e/L k|To]s jif{sf] df3 ;ft ut] leq ;DjlGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]] ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0fdf Go"gtd % j6f sfo{x¿ pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ sfd pNn]v ubf{ ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo cg'¿k / kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f ;Fu ldNg' kg]{5 . 181 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -$_ jflif{s nIo z'?df g} tf]Sg gldNg] sfdsf] nflu jif{ e/Ldf ;Dkfbg ul/Psf sfdx¿nfO{ g} jflif{s nIo dfGg' kg]{5 . -%_ ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] cfkm" ;dIf k]z ePsf] cw{jflif{s d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] d"NofÍg ;ft lbg leq u/L Ps k|lt d"NofÍg kmf/fd ;DjlGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 . -^_ ;donfO{ d"NofÍg ug{ ;Dej gb]lvPdf xfl;n u/]]sf] ;du| kl/df0f ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f u/L d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} dxndf ljj/0f gc6fP 5'§} kfgfdf v'nfO{ k|dfl0ft u/L ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . -&_ cÍ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu lglb{i6 ul/Psf] dxndf cÍ g} n]vL d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . 182 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np @= låtLo cw{jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd kmf/fd d"NofÍg cjlwM========== ;fn df3 dlxgfb] dlxgfb]lv======;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd d;fGt;Dd ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{no=============== = btf{ g+==================ldlt=============================== sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M========================sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+= M=================kb / >]0fL M =============== =============;]jfM =============;d"x jf pk;d"xM=================xfn sfo{/t sfof{no=================== xfnsf] kbdf lgo'QmL ldlt M==================================================== o; d"Nofs+g cjlwdf ;?jf ePsf sfof{nox¿ -s|dzM_ M=============================== ;'k/Lj]]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]]sf] ldlt=================================== ;Dkflbt sfd -nIo tf]lsPsf / gtf]lsPsf_ -!_ sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rsfÍ -@_ PsfO{ -;Dej eP;Dd kl/df0f, cw{ nfut / ;do jflif{s ;d]t pNn]v nIo ug'{kg]{ jflif{s nIo sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rsfÍ cg';f/ ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] k|ult -#_ sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf eP ;f]sf] sf/0f -$_ sfo{ ljj/0f / jflif{s sfo{qmd adf]lhdsf sfo{x¿M -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -ª_ cfˆg} kxndf u/]sf cGo sfo{x¿ -s_ -v_ !)) !)) cf}ift k|ltzt k|ltzt k|ltzt===== sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvtM ldltM 183 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ nfu]sf] ;dosf] dfkgsf] cfwf/ !_ tf]lsPsf] ;do / ;f] eGbf cufj} sfo{ ;DkGg ePdf sfo{;Dkfbgsf]] k|ultsf] dfkgsf] cfwf/ !_ *)Ü b]lv cltpQd cltpQd !))Ü ;Dd @_ s'n sfddWo] !%Ü ;Dd sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 pQd pQd @_ ^%Ü b]lv ;DkGg u/]df– &(=((Ü ;Dd #_ s'n sfddWo] #)Ü ;Dd sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 ;fdfGo #_ %)Ü b]lv ;DkGg u/]df– ;fdfGo ^$=((Ü ;Dd $_ s'n sfddWo] #)Ü eGbf a9L sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 Go"g $_ %)Ü eGbf ;DkGg u/]– -s_ Go"g sd – ;DjlGwt ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] d"NofÍgsf] :t/, k[i7kf]if0f jf wf/0ff M– ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] b:tvt M– gfd M kb M sd{rf/L ;Í]t ldlt M -v_ ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] egfO / k|ltlqmof M– b|i6Jo M -!_ låtLo cw{jflif{s d"NofÍgsf] nflu pko'{Qm 9fFrfsf] dxn !,@,# / $ ;Ddsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f e/L k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f ;ft ut] leq ;DjlGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0fdf Go"gtd % j6f sfo{x¿ pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ sfd pNn]v ubf{ ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo cg'¿k / kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f;Fu ldNg' kg]{5 . -$_ jflif{s nIo z'?df g} tf]Sg gldNg] sfdsf] nflu jif{ e/Ldf ;Dkfbg ul/Psf sfdx¿nfO{ g} jflif{s nIo dfGg' kg]{5 . -%_ ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] cfkm" ;dIf k]z ePsf] cw{jflif{s d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] d"NofÍg ;ft lbg leq u/L Ps k|lt d"NofÍg kmf/fd ;DjlGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 . 184 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -^_ ;donfO{ d"NofÍg ug{ ;Dej gb]lvPdf xfl;n u/]]sf] ;du| kl/df0f ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f u/L d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} dxndf ljj/0f gc6fP 5'§} kfgfdf v'nfO{ k|dfl0ft u/L ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . -&_ cÍ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu lglb{i6 ul/Psf] dxndf cÍ g} n]vL d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . 185 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np v08 – v /fhkqflÍt F f /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] lgldQ lgldQ jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍ ofÍg fÍg kmf/fdsf] 9fF 9fr d"NofÍg cjlwM cfly{s jif{========== ==;fn >fj0f dlxgfb]lv ============;fn cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{no=============== = btf{ g+==================ldlt=============== sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M==========================sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+=M=================kb / >]0fL M ========== ;]jfM ========;d"x jf pk;d"xM============== xfn sfo{/t sfof{no================================== xfnsf] kbdf lgo'QmL ldlt M========================== o; d"Nofs+g cjlwdf ;?jf ePsf sfof{nox¿ -s|dzM_ M========================================= ;['kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]]sf] ldlt===================== sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ ;Dkflbt sfd -nIo tf]lsPsf / gtf]lsPsf_ -!_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rsfÍ -@_ PsfO{ -;Dej eP;Dd cw{ jflif{s kl/df0f, nfut / jflif{s nIo ;do ;d]t nIo pNn]v ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg sfo{ ;DkGg ;"rsfÍ x'g g;s]sf eP ;f]sf] cg';f/ sf/0f ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] k|ult -$_ -#_ sfo{ ljj/0f / jflif{s sfo{qmd adf]lhdsf sfo{x¿M -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -ª_ cfˆg} kxndf u/]sf cGo sfo{x¿ -s_ -v_ !)) k|ltzt !)) cf}ift k|ltzt k|ltzt===== 186 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvtM ldltM sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ nfu]sf] ;dosf] dfkgsf] cfwf/ !_ tf]lsPsf] ;do / ;f] eGbf cufj} sfo{ ;DkGg ePdf sfo{;Dkfbgsf]] k|ultsf] dfkgsf] cfwf/ !_ *)Ü b]lv cltpQd cltpQd !))Ü ;Dd @_ s'n sfddWo] !%Ü ;Dd sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 pQd pQd @_ ^%Ü b]lv ;DkGg u/]df– &(=((Ü ;Dd #_ s'n sfddWo] #)Ü ;Dd sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 ;fdfGo #_ %)Ü b]lv ;DkGg u/]df– ;fdfGo ^$=((Ü ;Dd $_ s'n sfddWo] #)Ü eGbf a9L sfd tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf kl5 Go"g $_ %)Ü eGbf ;DkGg u/]– Go"g sd – b|i6Jo M -!_ jflif{s d"NofÍgsf] nflu pko'Qm 9fFrfdf dxn !,@,# / $ ;Ddsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f e/L k|To]s jif{sf] >fj0f ;ft ut] leqdf ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Ln] ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu cfˆgf]] sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0fdf Go"gtd % j6f sfo{x¿ pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ sfd pNn]v ubf{ ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo cg'¿k / kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f tyf jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf;Fu ldNg' kg]{5 . -$_ jflif{s nIo z'?df g} tf]Sg gldNg] sfdsf] nflu jif{e/Ldf ;Dkfbg ul/Psf sfdx¿nfO{ g} jflif{s nIo dfGg' kg]{5 . 187 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍg ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldltM========= sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ -sfo{ ljj/0fsf] k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldltM======= ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] d"NofÍg :t/ cfwf/df s"n clt cÍ pQd pQd k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍg ;fdfGo Go"g ef/ cÍ ^=@% s"n clt cÍ pQd pQd ;fdfGo Go"g @ !=% ! ef/ ^=@% %=@% $=@% #=@% @=% @=% -!_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| kl/df0f -@_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| nflut -#_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| ;do -$_ ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ;du| u'0f hDdf @% !) s"n k|fKtfÍM cÍdf========cIf/df========== s"n k|fKtfÍM cÍdf========cIf/df========== (%Ü eGbf a9L / &%Ü 36L ;'k/Lj]Ifssf] gfdM cÍ lb+bf v'nfpg' kg]{ sf/0f kb k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] gfdM sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+=M sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+=M b:tvtM b:tvtM ldltM ldltM kb s}lkmotM ;donfO{ d"NofÍg ug{ ;Dej gb]lvPdf xfl;n u/]]sf] ;du| kl/df0f ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ljZn]if0f u/L d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 . s'g} dxndf ljj/0f gc6fP 5'§} kfgfdf v'nfO{ k|dfl0ft u/L ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$s= / lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &* df tf]lsPsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*v= adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy} lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf @$s=sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd (% k|ltzteGbf a9L / &% k|ltzteGbf 36L cÍ k|bfg ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg' kb{5 . k|fKtfÍdf l6k]S; nufPdf l6k]S; nufpg] d"NofÍgstf{nfO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug]{5 . 188 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np b|i6Jo M -!_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] e/]sf] cw{jflif{s d"NofÍg kmf/fdx¿sf] cfwf/df ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] /fhkqflÍt lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] d"NofÍg u/L >fj0f dlxgf leq} k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] k|fKt ul/;Sg] u/L k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfkm" ;dIf k]z ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] d"NofÍg u/L efb| kGw| ut] leq} k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] k|fKt ul/;Sg] u/L k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -#_ jflif{s ¿kdf ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg afkt ;'k/Lj]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] (% k|ltzt eGbf a9L / &% k|ltzt eGbf 36L cÍ lbPdf ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 / &% k|ltzt eGbf 36L cÍ lbPsf]df ;DalGwt lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO lghn] k|ltlqmof lbPdf ;f] ;d]t /fvL k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . 189 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np v08 -u_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"NofÍg k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z u/]sf] ldltM========= ;'k/Lj]Ifs / k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] u/]sf] d"NofÍgdf ;xdt eP ;f]xL :t/sf] cÍ lbg] cGo l:yltdf s}lkmot v'nfO{ d"NofÍg ug]{ M sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M kbM >]0fLM :t/ clt pQd ;fdfGo Go"g pQd JolQmut u'0f Pj+ cfr/0f cÍ ! )=&% )=%) )=@% -s_ /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿sf] nflu -!_ gLlt ljZn]if0f ug{] Ifdtf -@_ 5nkmn tyf jftf{ ug]{ Ifdtf -#_ ljj]ssf] k|of]u, lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf / d"NofÍg -$_ g]t[Tj / ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf -%_ k]zfut ;+j]bgzLntf -Odfgbfl/tf, uf]kgLotf cflb_ k"0ff{Í % s'n k|fKtfÍM -v_ /fhkqflÍt låtLo cÍdf >]0fLsf cIf/df :t/ clt pQd ;fdfGo Go"g lghfdtL cÍ pQd ! )=&% )=%) )=@% sd{rf/Lx¿sf] nflu -!_ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / ;Lk -@_ ljj]ssf] k|of]u / lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf -#_ sfo{ rfk axg ug]{ Ifdtf -$_ ;[hgzLntf / cu|;/tf -%_ >f]t ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u k"0ff{Í % s'n k|fKtfÍM cÍdf cIf/df 190 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np :t/ clt pQd pQd -u_ /fhkqflÍt t[tLo >]0fLsf lghfdtL cÍ ! Go"g ;fdfGo )=&% )=%) )=@% sd{rf/Lx¿sf] nflu -!_ ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg / ;Lk -@_ ljj]ssf] k|of]u / lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf -#_ sfo{ rfk axg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf -$_ ;[hgzLntf / cu|;/tf -%_ k]zfut ;+j]bgzLntf -uf]kgLotf / dof{lbt /xg]_ k"0ff{Í % s'n k|fKtfÍM cÍdf cIf/df k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] gfdM kb sd{rf/L ;Í]t != b:tvt s'n k|fKtfÍ cÍdfM cIf/dfM @= #= b|i6Jo M -!_ o;/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofs+g kmf/fdx¿sf] d"NofÍg u/L ;ldltn] efb| d;fGt leq} nf]s ;]jf cfof]u / a9'jf ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k7fO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . -@_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg afkt (% k|ltzt eGbf a9L / &% k|ltzt eGbf 36L cÍ k|bfg ug{ k/]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 . k|fKtfÍdf l6k]S; nufpg] d"NofÍgstf{nfO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug]{5 . 191 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– !^ -lgod *) sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ef}uf]lns If]qsf] ljj/0f æs ju{Æ != d]rL c~rnsf] tfKn]h'ª @= sf]zL c~rnsf] g'd;lxt blIf0f If]qafx]s ;Dk"0f{ ;+v'jf;ef #= ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] ;f]n'v'Da' $= hgsk'/ c~rn, bf]nvf lhNnfsf] nfdf]au/ / /f]Njflnª If]q %= afudtL c~rn, wflbª lhNnfsf] ;]tLjf; pQ/sf] l+;+xf/ If]q ^= u08sL c~rnsf] dgfª / uf]/vfsf] ;}lb{jf; pQ/sf] nfs]{ If]q &= wjnflu/L c~rnsf] 6's'r]eGbf blIf0fL If]q afx]ssf] d':tfª lhNnf / pQ/L afUn'ªsf] 9f]/kf6g If]q *= /fKtL c~rnsf] /f]Nkf / ¿s'd (= s0ff{nL c~rnsf] x'Dnf, h'Dnf, d'u', sflnsf]6 / 8f]Nkf !)= e]/L c~rnsf] hfh/sf]6 !!= ;]tL c~rnsf] aemfª / afh'/f !@= dxfsfnL c~rnsf] bfr'{nf æv ju{Æ != d]rL c~rnsf] kfFry/ @= sf]zL c~rnsf] ef]hk'/, t]x|y'd / ;+v'jf;efsf] g'd;lxt blIf0fL If]q #= ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] cf]vn9'+uf / vf]6fª $= hgsk'/ c~rn, bf]nvf lhNnfsf] nfdf]au/ / /f]Njflnª If]q afx]s afFsL If]q, /fd]5fk %= afudtL c~rnsf] /;'jf lhNnfsf] /fDr]eGbf pQ/sf] If]q ^= u08sL c~rnsf] ndh'ªsf] v'bL pQ/L If]q &= n'lDagL c~rnsf] c3f{vfFrL / u'NdL *= wjnflu/L c~rnsf] DofUbL, kj{t, d':tfª lhNnfsf] 6's'r]eGbf blIf0fL If]q / pQ/L afUn'ªsf] 9f]/kf6g If]q / DofUbL lhNnfsf] lg/sf]6 kxf8af6 blIf0ftkm{ afUn'ª 192 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np lhNnfsf] tf/f ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf kg]{ /ftfdf6f ufpF x'Fb} u'NdL lhNnf pQ/ blIf0f cIff+z /]vfsf] k"jL{ efu afx]ssf] afUn'ª (= /fKtL c~rnsf] ;Nofg / Ko"7fg !)= ;]tL c~rnsf] 8f]6L / c5fd !!= dxfsfnL c~rnsf] 88]Nw'/f / a}t8L !@= e]/L c~rnsf] b}n]v æu ju{ != d]rL c~rnsf] Onfd @= sf]zL c~rnsf] wgs'6f #= ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] pbok'/ $= hgsk'/ c~rnsf] l;Gw'nL %= afudtL c~rnsf] l;Gw'kfNrf]s / ;]tLjf; pQ/sf] l;+xf/ If]qafx]s afFsL wflbª lhNnf / /;'jf lhNnfsf] /fDr];lxt blIf0f If]q ^= u08sL c~rnsf] tgx'F, :ofªhf / ;]bL{jf; pQ/sf] nfs]{ If]qafx]s afFsL uf]/vf / ndh'ª lhNnfsf] v'bL pQ/L If]qafx]ssf] afFsL efu &= n'lDagL c~rnsf] kfNkf *= DofUbL lhNnfsf] lg/sf]6 kxf8af6 blIf0ftkm{ afUn'ª lhNnfsf] tf/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf kg]{ /ftfdf6f ufpF xF'b} u'NdL lhNnfnfO{ 5'g] pQ/, blIf0f cIff+z /]vfb]lv k"j{ kg]{ jfUn'ª lhNnfsf] afFsL efu (= /fKtL c~rnsf] bfª !)= e]/L c~rnsf] alb{of / ;'v]{t !!= ;]tL c~rnsf] s}nfnL !@= dxfsfnL c~rnsf] s~rgk'/ æ3 ju{Æ != d]rL c~rnsf] emfkf @= sf]zL c~rnsf] df]/ª / ;'g;/L #= ;u/dfyf c~rnsf] ;Kt/L / l;/fxf $= hgsk'/ c~rnsf] wg'iff, dxf]Q/L / ;nf{xL 193 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np %= afudtL c~rnsf] g'jfsf]6 / sfe|]knf~rf]s ^= gf/fo0fL c~rnsf] af/f, k;f{, /f}tx6, lrtjg / dsjfgk'/ &= u08sL c~rnsf] sf:sL *= n'lDagL c~rnsf] ¿kGb]xL, gjnk/f;L / slknj:t' (= e]/L c~rnsf] afFs] 356 !)= afudtL c~rnsf] sf7df8f}+, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ æª ju{Æ 357 ========== 356 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 357 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . 194 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– !& -lgod !!@ sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]zsf] lg0f{osf] gd"gf sfof{no÷ljefu÷dGqfno÷cfof]u÷;lrjfnosf >L ============= n] u/]sf] . ;hfo cfb]zsf] lg0f{o kmf/fd >L ============================================================================================= sfof{no÷ljefu÷dGqfno÷cfof]u÷;lrjfnodf==========================================kbdf sfo{/t >L =========================sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+= =========_ 358 hfFra'em ubf{÷u/fpFbf ================== b]lvg cfPsf]n] lgh >L ================ ;Fu lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ^^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ================ lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;kmfO dfu ul/Psf]df lghn] k]z u/]s]f ;kmfOsf] Joxf]/f, ;a'b ================================= sf/0faf6 ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvPg . t;y{ P]gsf] bkmf ================== sf] =================== adf]lhdsf] s;"/df P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 ================== adf]lhdsf] ;hfo lghnfO{ lsg gug]{ < ;f] ug'{ gkg]{ s'g} ;a'b k|df0f jf sf/0f s]xL eP ============= leq :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug'{ egL P]gsf] bkmf ^& adf]lhdsf] :ki6Ls/0f dfu ul/Psf]df lghn] ====================== egL :ki6Ls/0f k]z u/]sf] b]lvof] . o; ;DaGwdf ;+sng ePsf sfuhft, a'lemPsf ;a'b k|df0f / k]z ePsf] :ki6Ls/0fpk/ ;d]t ljrf/ ubf{ ============ ;a'b k|df0faf6 lgh >L ================= n] P]gsf] ============== bkmfsf] pkbkmf ============== adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] lgh >L ================== pk/ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 =============== sf] ;hfo k|:tfljt u/L ;f] ;hfo ug{sf] lgldQ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] =============== sfof{no =============== af6 k/fdz{ k|fKt eP cg'¿k lgh >L ============= nfO{ P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 ================ adf]lhd =============== ;hfo lbg] lg0f{o cfb]z ul/Psf] 5 . of] cfb]zdf lrQ ga'em]df lgod !!$ sf] v08 -3_ sf] Dofbleq ============== ;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 . b:tvt ldltM– 358 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 195 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 359cg';"rL– L– !& -s_ -lgod !)! sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lgj[Qe/0f dfu kmf/fd >L dxflgb]{zsHo", lghfdtL lstfavfgf . lghfdtL ;]jfaf6 ldlt @) ÷ ÷ ÷ b]lv lgDg sf/0faf6 cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ ePsf]÷u/]sf]n] d]/f] ;]jf;DaGwL / cfjZos ljj/0f b]xfodf v'nfPsf] 5' . cjsfz ePsf] sf/0f hgfpg] o:tf] -_lrGx lbg] . -s_ pd]/sf] xbaf6 cjsfz - _ -v_ -u_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #& -!_ adf]lhd aL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlw ;/sf/L ;]jf u/]sf]n] lgj[lQe/0fsf] clwsf/kq tof/ ul/lbg of] kmf/fd e/L k7fPsf] 5' . != 360 gfd y/M– !s= sd{rf/L ;Í]t g+= M– @= :yfoL 7]ufgf -lhNnf, uf= lj= ;=÷g= kf= ;d]t_M– #= cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltdf k"/f x'g] pd]/ ======== jif{ ======= dlxgf ======= lbg $= cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf] ldltsf] bhf{M– %= cjsfz k|fKt ubf{ axfn /x]sf] sfof{noM– ^= z'? egf{ x'Fbfsf] sfof{no / egf{ ldltM– &= z]ifkl5 kfpg] xsbf/sf– -s_ gfd y/M– -v_ 7]ufgf -lhNnf, uf= lj= ;=÷g= kf= ;d]t_M– -u_ ;DaGw -gftf v'nfpg]_M– lghfdtL lstfavfgfn] clwsf/kq tof/ u/]kl5 k7fpg] 7]ufgfM ;lx5fkM ldltM 359 bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 360 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 196 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';'rL– L–!&v 361 -lgod !!^s sf] pklgod -#v_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ kfpg]nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] k|df0f–kqsf] 9f“rf g]kfn ;/sf/ -qm]i6_ >L –––––––––––– ––––––––––––––– ––––––––––––––– tkfO{n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ====================== kbdf /xL ======================================== sfo{ u/] afkt g]kfn ;/sf/n] tkfO{nfO{ cfly{s jif{ =====================÷ ================ sf] ===================== ;jf]{Ts[i6÷pTs[i6÷lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . eljiodf klg tkfO{jf6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljlzi6 of]ubfgsf] cfk]Iff /fv]sf] 5 . ============================= ;lrj ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno ======================== d'Vo ;lrj ======================== dGqL÷/fHodGqL g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dffGo k|zf;g 361 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 197 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 362 cg';"rL– L–!&u -lgod !!&s= sf] pklgod -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6«]8 o"lgogsf] btf{sf] nflu lgj]bgsf] 9f“rf >L >d tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g ljefu dxf]bo, lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o"lgog btf{ ug{] sfo{ ;ldltn] dnfO{ clVtof/ u/]sf] x'gfn] lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod !!&s= sf] pklgod -#_ df plNnlvt sfuhftx¿ ;d]t ;+nUg u/L lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] 6]«8 o"lgog btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu of] lgj]bg u/]sf] 5' . ejlbo, -====================== 6]«8 o"lgogsf] tk{maf6_ 362 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 198 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np cg';"rL– L– !* -lgod !!* ;Fu ;DalGwt_ ;DklQ ljj/0f kmf/fd 363 sd{rf/Lsf] gfd / ;Í]t g+= M ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] sfof{noM >]0fL / kbM gfdM sfof{noM 7]ufgfM -s_ crn ;DklQ -3/ hUuf_ qm=;+ 3/ hUuf gfk / 3/ hUuf s;sf] gfddf s;/L s}lkmot -3/ / cGo cGo /x]sf] 7fpF /x]sf] lghsf] k|fKt eP– tNnf;d]t crn ljj/0f ePsf] pNn]v ug]{_ -ufpF, gu/, gfd / c¿ eP ;DklQsf] lhNnf_ lgh;Fusf] -hUuf eP– ;DaGw /f]kgL jf rNtLsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f gfk n]Vg]_ -v_ gub, hjflx/ft, ;'g, rfFbL cflb qm=;+= ;DklQsf] gfk / tf}n s;/L k|fKt 5f]6s/L ljj/0f kl/df0f ePsf] s}lkmot -u_ z]o/ a}+s Aofn]G;sf] ljj/0f qm=;+ ;DklQsf] sDkgL jf 5f]6s/L a}+ssf] gfd / ljj/0f 7]ufgf hDdf s;sf] gfddf /x]sf] s;/L k|fKt s}lkmot d"No lghsf] gfd / c¿ ePsf] eP lgh;Fusf] ;DaGw 363 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . 199 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -3_ C0f lnPsf]÷lwtf] lbPsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f qm=;+ C0f÷ lnP÷lbPsf] gfd / lwtf]sf] ljj/0f 7]ufgf sf/0f hDdf d"No lkmtf{ ug]{ s}lkmot cjlw -ª_ C0f lbPsf] jf c¿af6 lwtf] lnPsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f qm=;+ C0f÷lwtf]sf] ljj/0f C0f lbPsf] lwtf] sf/0f lnPsf] gfd / hDdf lkmtf{ ug]{ s}lkmot d"No cjlw 7]ufgf d}n] hfg] a'em];Dd dfly n]lvPadf]lhdsf] ljj/0f 7Ls 5 . km/s kg]{ 5}g egL b:tvt ug]{M gfd / kbM ldltM– b|i6JoM != of] ljj/0f k]z ul/;s]kl5 ;DklQdf s'g} yk36 ePdf ;DalGwt lgsfodf ;f] ljj/0f v'nfO{ l;naGbL ¿kdf k]z ug'{k5{ . @= ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lpk/ ul/g] sfg"gadf]lhdsf] sf/afxLb]lv afx]s c¿ s'/fdf of] ljj/0f k|of]u ul/g] 5}g . of] ljj/0f ;DalGwt kbflwsf/Lafx]s c¿n] x]g{ kfOg] 5}g . of] ljj/0f k|sfz gu/L uf]Ko ¿kdf /flvg]5 . 200 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np 364 cg';"rL– L–!( -lgod !@)s= sf] pklgod -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] kl/rokqsf] 9fFrf cufl8 g]kfn ;/sf/ qm]i6 ======================= kmf]6f] gfdM bhf{M gful/stf g+= An8 u|'kM ;Í]t g++=M k5fl8 k|dfl0ft ug{]sf] b:tvt sd{rf/Lsf] ;xL bhf{ - =======================_ - =======================_ Name: Designation: Office: b|i6JoM -!_ sd{rf/L kl/ro kq ( ;]=dL= / nDafO{ %=% ;]=dL=rf}8fO{sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -@_ sd{rf/Lsf] kl/ro kq ;]tf] sfuhsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ kl/ro kqsf] cufl8 kl§ ;jeGbf dflyNnf] efudf !@ KjfOG6sf] cIf/df g]kfn ;/sf/, !$ KjfOG6sf] cIf/df ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] gfd, !* KjfOG6sf] cIf/df sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, !^ KjfOG6sf] cIf/df bhf{ / bhf{ eGbf d'lg gful/stf g+= n]Vg' kg]{5 . -$_ sd{rf/L kl/ro kqsf] cufl8 kl§ dflyNnf] efudf /ftf] /+usf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] qm]i6 5fKg' kg]{ / bfofFkl§sf] tNnf] efudf c6f] ;fO{hsf] kmf]6f] 6fF:g' kg]{5 . 364 ;ftf}F ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . 201 www.lawcommission.gov.np www.lawcommission.gov.np -%_ sd{rf/L kl/ro kqsf] k5fl8sf] efudf !$ KjfOG6sf] cIf/df ;Í]t gDa/ /fvL To;sf] d'lg bfofF kl§ k|dfl0ft ug{]sf] b:tvt / jfofFkl§ sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt n]Vg' kg]{5 . -^_ kl/ro kqsf] k5fl8sf] tNnf] efudf !$ KjfOG6sf] sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, sfof{nosf] gfd / sd{rf/Lsf] bhf{ c+u|]hLdf n]Vg' kg]{5 . -&_ kl/ro kqsf] k5fl8sf] jf+sL efudf !@ KjfOG6sf] æof] kl/ro kq s;}n] kfPdf ;DalGwt sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no jf k|x/L sfof{nodf a'emfO{ lbg' xf]nfÆ eGg] ;"rgf n]Vg' kg]{5 . -*_ dGqfno tyf ljefu cGtu{t sfof{nox¿n] g]kfn ;/sf/ / cf–cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] gfd dfq /fVg' kg]{5 . -(_ sfof{no k|d'v jf lghaf6 clwsf/ k|fKt sd{rf/L k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfd x]g{] clws[tn] kl/ro kq k|dfl0ft ug{' kg]{5 . -!)_ sd{rf/L kl/ro kq Knfli6ssf -kf/bzL{_ vf]ndf /fvL b]j|]tkm{sf] sf+wsf] Ps ljQfd'lg 5ftLdf kg{] u/L cGo JolQmn] /fd|f];+u b]Vg] tl/sfn] nufpg' kg]{5 . -!!_ sd{rf/L kl/ro kq ljt/0f ubf{ ;DalGwt sfof{no s} vr{df klxnf] k6s ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{ / ;f] x/fO{ jf RofltO{ csf{] lng' kbf{ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆg} vr{df lng' kg{]5 . o;/L x/fO{ jf RofltO{ csf]{ kl/ro kq lnPsf] ljj/0f clen]vdf hgfO{ lghaf6 lnOPsf] /sd /fhZjdf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 . t/ ;?jf, a9'jf jf sfod d'sfod ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] g} pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 . -!@_ ;a} ;/sf/L tyf cw{ ;/sf/L sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿n] sfof{noleq k|j]z ubf{ / a:bf clgjfo{ sd{rf/L kl/ro kq nufPsf] x'g' kg{] / cGo :yfgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 . -!#_ kl/ro kq k|of]u ug{] u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] x'g]5 . o;/L kl/ro kq gnufpg] jf glng] sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{nodf k|j]z ug{ glbg] jf sd{rf/Ldf cg'zf;g sfod ug{ sf/jfxL ;d]t sfof{no k|d'vn] ug{ ;Sg]5 . -!$_ s'g} sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 x6]df lghn] cfˆgf] kl/ro kq t'?Gt cfˆgf] sfof{nodf lkmtf{ a'emfpg' kg{]5 . b|i6JoM s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f ¿kfGt/0f ePsf zAbx¿M– æ>L % sf] ;/sf/Æ sf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ . 202 www.lawcommission.gov.np