DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS 1
QUESTION 1
Multicasting in computer network is a group communication, where a sender(s) send
data to multiple receivers simultaneously.
Broadcasting in computer network is a group communication, where a sender sends data
to receivers simultaneously. This is an all − to − all communication model where each
sending device transmits data to all other devices in the network domain.
unicast is a one-to-one transmission from one point in the network to another point; that
is, one sender and one receiver, each identified by a network address.
A firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network
traffic and decides whether to allow or block specific traffic based on a defined set of
security rules.
Multiplexing is a technique by which different analog and digital streams of transmission
can be simultaneously processed over a shared link.
Modem stands for Modulation Demodulation. A modem converts the digital data signals
into analogue data signals
In Full duplex mode, the communication is bi-directional, i.e., the data flow in both the
directions. Both the stations can send and receive the message simultaneously.
Half-duplex data transmission means that data can be transmitted in both directions on a
signal carrier, but not at the same time.
Simplex mode is a type of transmission mode; where data can be sent only in one
direction i.e. communication is unidirectional.
QUESTION 2
Hub works at physical layer and is responsible to transmit the signal to port to respond
where the signal was received whereas Switch enable connection setting and terminating
based on need. Whereas
Switch is a network device which is used to enable the connection establishment and
connection termination on the basis of need. Switch is operated on Data link layer.
Logical Address is generated by CPU while a program is running. Whereas
Physical Address identifies a physical location of required data in a memory.
A thin client is a computer system that runs on a server based computing environment.
Whereas
A thick client is a system which can be connected to the server even without the
network.
QUESTION 4

File sharing - you can easily share data between different users, or access it remotely if
you keep it on other connected devices.

Resource sharing - using network-connected peripheral devices like printers, scanners
and copiers, or sharing software between multiple users, saves money.

Sharing a single internet connection - it is cost-efficient and can help protect your
systems if you properly secure the network.

Increasing storage capacity - you can access files and multimedia, such as images and
music, which you store remotely on other machines or network-attached storage devices.

Faster Problem-solving –
Since an extensive procedure is disintegrated into a few littler procedures and each is
taken care of by all the associated gadgets, an explicit issue can be settled in lesser
time.

Security through Authorization –
Security and protection of information are additionally settled through the system.

Reduced cost:
Cost is one of the crucial factors that one needs to consider while evaluating the pros and
cons of a particular technology.
QUESTION 5
The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the
Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet
connection.
An Intranet is a private, secured online network where employees can create content,
communicate, collaborate, manage tasks and events, and develop the company culture.
An Extranet is a private network similar to an intranet, but typically open to external
parties, such as business partners, suppliers, key customers, etc. The main purpose of an
extranet is to allow users to exchange data and applications, and share information.
In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems which are connected to each other
via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between systems on the network without the
need of a central server.
A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in one
physical location, such as a building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large,
ranging from a home network with one user to an enterprise network with thousands of
users and devices in an office or school.
QUESTION 3
i.
Bus topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is connected
to a single cable or backbone. Depending on the type of computer network card, a coaxial
cable or an RJ-45 network cable is used to connect them together.
Advantage
It works well when you have a small network.
Disadvantage
Bus topology is not great for large networks
ii.
Star topology is one of the most common network setups. In this configuration,
every node connects to a central network device, like a hub, switch, or computer.
Advantage
Easy to add another computer to the network.
Disadvantage
The central network device determines the performance and number of nodes the network
can handle.
iii.
A ring topology is a network configuration where device connections create a
circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a
circle.
Advantage
Data can transfer between workstations at high speeds.
Disadvantage
The entire network will be impacted if one workstation shuts down.
iv.
Serial Transmission is the type of transmission in which a single communication link is
used to transfer the data from an end to another.
Advantage
More reliable
Disadvantage
Data transmission rate is low.
v.
Parallel Transmission is the transmission in which multiple parallel links are used that
transmit each bit of data simultaneously.
Advantage
It is easier to program.
Disadvantage
It is a costly transmission system.