Statistical Review
of World Energy
2021 | 70th edition
Contents
1
For 66 years, the BP Statistical Review of World
Energy has provided high-quality objective and
globally consistent data on world energy markets.
The review is one of the most widely respected
and authoritative publications in the field of energy
Introduction
Naturalfor
gasreference by the media,
Renewable energy
economics, used
Reserves
55 Renewables consumption
Chief executive officer’s
academia,34
world
governments and energy
36 Production
56 Renewable power generation
introduction
38 A
Consumption
57 Generation
by source
companies.
new edition is published
every June.
2020 at a glance
2
3 Chief economist’s analysis
Primary energy
41 Prices
42 Trade movements
Discover more onlineCoal
10 Consumption
foundReserves
in the latest printed
11 Consumption by fuel All the tables and charts46
edition are available at bp.com/statisticalreview
48 Production
13 Consumption per capita
plus a number of extras, including:
49 Consumption
• The energy charting tool – view
51or chart
Prices
anddata
trade movements
Carbon
predetermined reports
specific
CO2
according to energy type, region, country
15 Carbon dioxide emissions
and year.
Nuclear energy
Oil
16
18
22
28
30
32
Reserves
Production
Consumption
Prices
Refining
Trade movements
• Historical data from 1965 for many sections.
52 Consumption
• Additional data for refined oil production
demand, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity,
nuclear energy and renewables.
Hydroelectricity
• PDF versions and PowerPoint
slide packs of
53 Consumption
the charts, maps and graphs, plus an Excel
workbook of the data.
• Regional and country factsheets.
• Videos and speeches.
Energy Outlook
Watch the BP Energy Outlook 2017 video,
containing our projections of long-term energy
to 2035.
Download
the booklet and
All the tables and charts found intrends
the printed
edition
are available
presentation materials at bp.com/energyoutlook
Discover more online
at bp.com/statisticalreview plus a number of extras, including:
Join
the conversation
The energy charting tool – view
predetermined
reports or chart
#BPstats
specific data according to energy
type, region, country and year.
Historical data from 1965 for many sections. Additional
Download the BP World Energy app
country and regional coverage for all consumption tables.
the world
of energy
fromgas,
yourcoal,
tablet or
Additional data for refined oil Explore
production
demand,
natural
smartphone.
Customize charts and perform the
hydroelectricity, nuclear energy
and renewables.
calculations. Review the data online and offline.
PDF versions and PowerPoint slide packs of the charts, maps
Download
thedatabase
app for free
from the
and graphs, plus an Excel workbook
and
format
of Apple
App Store and Google play store.
the data.
58
59
60
61
Solar capacity
Wind capacity
Biofuels production
Biofuels consumption
Electricity
63 Generation
65 Generation by fuel
Key minerals
66 Production
67 Reserves
67 Prices
Appendices
68 Approximate conversion factors
69 Definitions
69 More information
Download the bp World Energy app
Explore the world of energy from your tablet or smartphone.
Customise charts and perform the calculations. Review
the data online and offline. Download the app for free from
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Chief executive officer’s introduction
The fall in carbon emissions from energy use was equally striking,
with emissions falling by over 6% in 2020 – again, the largest decline
since 1945. Although unmatched in modern peacetime, the rate of
decline in carbon emissions last year is similar to what the world needs
to average each year for the next 30 years to be on track to meet the
aims of the Paris Agreement.
Not just green but greening
There are worrying signs that last year’s COVID-induced dip in carbon
emissions will be short lived as the world economy recovers and
lockdowns are lifted. The challenge is to achieve sustained, comparable
year-on-year reductions in emissions without massive disruption to our
livelihoods and our everyday lives.
2020 will forever be remembered as the year COVID-19 turned our daily
lives upside down.
Above all, this is a human tragedy. At the time of writing, around four
million people are estimated to have died due to COVID-19. The true
number is almost certainly far higher, and it continues to rise.
The combination of the pandemic and the actions taken to limit its
impact led to the largest recession in modern peacetime, with that loss
falling disproportionately on those in the world’s poorest and leastdeveloped countries. The economic scars from the pandemic will likely
persist for years to come. And, of course, the pandemic and resulting
economic turmoil spilled over into unparalleled volatility and disruption
in global energy markets.
Companies that are committed to ‘greening’
have a hugely significant part to play in
achieving the Paris goals.
This year’s 70th edition of the bp Statistical Review provides all of us
with the objective and timely data needed to help make sense of the
most tumultuous events affecting energy markets in any of the past
seven decades.
Energy in 2020
Global energy demand is estimated to have fallen by 4.5% in 2020.
This is the largest recession since the end of World War II, driven by an
unprecedented collapse in oil demand, as the imposition of lockdowns
around the world decimated transport-related demand. The drop in oil
consumption accounted for around three-quarters of the total decline in
energy demand. Natural gas showed greater resilience, helped primarily
by continuing strong growth in China.
Despite the disorder of 2020, renewable energy, led by wind and solar
energy, continued to grow prolifically. Remarkably, wind and solar capacity
increased by a colossal 238 GW last year – 50% larger than any previous
expansion. Likewise, the share of wind and solar generation in the global
power mix recorded its largest ever increase. The relative immunity of
renewable energy to the events of last year is encouraging.
Since the Paris Conference of Parties (COP21) in 2015 there has been
a huge increase in countries’ ambitions to decarbonize. Around 70% of
the world’s carbon emissions are now covered by net zero targets and
pledges. But this rising ambition has yet to be translated into a decisive
reduction in emissions. The next big staging post for that challenge
will occur later this year in Glasgow, Scotland which will host COP26
– arguably the most important UN climate change conference since
the Paris meeting. I hope that, in years to come, we all talk about the
Glasgow Agreement with the same importance and reverence as we
do the Paris goals.
I sincerely believe that companies like bp with net zero ambitions,
coherent plans, and near, medium, and long-term aims – companies
that are committed to ‘greening’ – have a hugely significant part to play
in achieving the Paris goals. Yes, the world needs more low carbon
companies. But maybe more than anything, it also needs existing energy
companies to decarbonize and in so doing use their scale and expertise
to help bring about the deep and complex rewiring and replumbing of the
global energy system that the world wants and needs to see over the
next 30 years.
It will take producers and consumers, as well as companies,
governments, and society, all working together to bring about the
necessary change.
100th anniversary of the Statistical Review
In 30 years, the Statistical Review will celebrate its 100th anniversary
reporting and analyzing energy developments in 2050, a year which has
become the focal point for so many net zero ambitions and aims. What
events and developments will our successors be able to look back on in
30 years’ time? Did the world respond quickly and decisively enough to
reduce the impacts of climate change?
We at bp are committed to playing our role. And I hope this year’s
Statistical Review will be useful to everyone pursuing a similar transition.
The Review would not be possible without the continuing co-operation
and transparency of governments and statistical agencies around the
world who each year contribute their official data, and the bp team who
make it so accessible and useful. You have my heartfelt thanks. And as
ever, Spencer Dale and the team welcome any feedback you might have.
Bernard Looney
Chief executive officer
July 2021
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
1
2020 at a glance
The COVID-19 pandemic had a dramatic impact
on energy markets, with both primary energy
and carbon emissions falling at their fastest rates
since the Second World War. Nevertheless,
renewable energy continued to grow, with solar
power recording its largest ever increase.
Energy developments
Primary energy consumption fell by 4.5% in 2020 – the largest decline
since 1945.
The drop in energy consumption was driven mainly by oil, which
contributed almost three-quarters of the net decline, although natural
gas and coal also saw significant declines.
Wind, solar and hydroelectricity all grew despite the fall in overall
energy demand.
By country, the US, India and Russia contributed the largest declines
in energy consumption. China posted the largest increase (2.1%), one
of only a handful of countries where energy demand grew last year.
Carbon emissions
Carbon emissions from energy use fell by 6.3%, to their lowest level
since 2011. As with primary energy, this was the largest decline since
the end of World War II.
Oil
The oil price (Dated Brent) averaged $41.84/bbl in 2020 – the lowest
since 2004.
Oil consumption fell by a record 9.1 million barrels per day (b/d),
or 9.3%, to its lowest level since 2011.
Oil demand fell most in the US (-2.3 million b/d), the EU (-1.5 million b/d)
and India (-480,000 b/d). China was virtually the only country where
consumption increased (220,000 b/d).
Global oil production shrank by 6.6 million b/d, with OPEC accounting
for two-thirds of the decline. Libya (-920,000 b/d) and Saudi Arabia
(-790,000 b/d) saw the largest OPEC declines, while Russia (-1.0 million
b/d) and the US (-600,000 b/d) led non-OPEC reductions.
Refinery utilization fell by a record 8.0 percentage points to 74.1%,
the lowest level since 1985.
-4.5% and -6.3%
Decline in global primary energy
consumption and carbon emissions,
the largest falls since 1945
Natural gas
Natural gas prices declined to multi-year lows: US Henry Hub averaged
$1.99/mmBtu in 2020 – the lowest since 1995, while Asian LNG
prices (Japan Korea Marker) registered their lowest level on record
($4.39/mmBtu).
Natural gas consumption fell by 81 billion cubic metres (bcm), or 2.3%.
Nevertheless, the share of gas in primary energy continued to rise,
reaching a record high of 24.7%.
Declines in gas demand were led by Russia (-33 bcm) and the
US (-17 bcm), with China (22 bcm) and Iran (10 bcm) contributing the
largest increases.
Inter-regional gas trade reduced by 5.3%, completely accounted for
by a 54 bcm (10.9%) drop in pipeline trade.
LNG supply grew by 4 bcm or 0.6%, well below the 10-year average
rate of 6.8% p.a. US LNG supply expanded by 14 bcm (29%), but this
was partially offset by declines in most other regions, notably Europe
and Africa.
Coal
Coal consumption fell by 6.2 exajoules (EJ), or 4.2%, led by declines in
the US (-2.1 EJ) and India (-1.1 EJ), with OECD coal consumption falling
to its lowest level in our data series back to 1965.
China and Malaysia were notable exceptions, increasing their
consumption by 0.5 EJ and 0.2 EJ respectively.
Global coal production was down 8.3 EJ (5.2%). As with consumption,
production growth in China (1.1 EJ) was outweighed by sharp declines
in several countries, including the US (-3.6 EJ), Indonesia (-1.3 EJ) and
Colombia (-1.0 EJ).
Renewables, hydro and nuclear
Renewable energy (including biofuels but excluding hydro) rose by
9.7%, slower than the 10-year average (13.4% p.a.) but the increment
in energy terms (2.9 EJ) was similar to increases seen in 2017, 2018
and 2019.
Solar electricity rose by a record 1.3 EJ (20%), however, wind (1.5 EJ)
provided the largest contribution to renewables growth.
Solar capacity expanded by 127 GW, while wind capacity grew 111 GW
– almost double its previous highest annual increase.
China was the largest individual contributor to renewables growth (1.0 EJ),
followed by the US (0.4 EJ). Europe, as a region, contributed 0.7 EJ.
Hydroelectricity grew by 1.0%, again led by China (0.4 EJ), while
nuclear energy fell 4.1%, driven mainly by declines in France (-0.4 EJ),
the US (-0.2 EJ) and Japan (-0.2 EJ).
Electricity
Electricity generation fell by 0.9% – more than the decline in 2009
(-0.5%), the only other year in our data series (which starts in 1985)
when electricity demand fell.
The share of renewables in power generation increased from 10.3%
to 11.7%, while coal’s share fell 1.3 percentage points to 35.1% – a new
low in our data series.
Key minerals
Lithium production fell 4.6% on a drop in Australian output, while
Cobalt output rose 2.9% as production in the Democratic Republic
of Congo partially recovered from its dip in 2019.
Rare earth metals production expanded by 23.2%, driven by strong
growth in Australia and the US.
2
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Chief economist’s analysis
Global energy demand and carbon emissions
Primary energy consumption
CO2 emissions from energy use
Annual change
Annual change
15%
15%
10%
10%
5%
5%
0%
0%
-5%
-5%
-10%
-10%
-15%
-15%
-20%
-20%
1940 50 60 70 80 90 00 10 2020
1940 50 60 70 80 90 00 10 2020
developed economies – is expected to persist for many years after the
virus is brought under control. Long COVID can take many different forms.
For the global energy system, the combination of the pandemic, together
with efforts to mitigate its impact, led to developments and outturns
unmatched in modern peacetime.
Energy in 2020: the year of COVID
For energy, 2020 was a year like no other.
This is the 70th anniversary of the bp Statistical Review – something we
are incredibly proud of.
The aim in this analysis is to use the new Statistical Review data to try to
shed light on those developments, focusing on three key questions.
Since it was first published in 1952, the Statistical Review has provided
a constant source of objective, comprehensive – and, most importantly
– trusted data to help industry, governments and commentators make
sense of developments in global energy markets.
First, over the past year, we have been bombarded with daily headlines
of unprecedented developments and volatility. Standing back from all the
noise, what exactly happened last year in the world of energy and how
surprising was it?
Over those 70 years, the Statistical Review has borne witness to some
of the most dramatic episodes in the history of the global energy system:
the Suez Canal crisis in 1956, the oil embargo of 1973, soon followed by
the Iranian revolution in 1979, and more recently, the Fukushima disaster
in 2011.
Second, the global pandemic was the mother of all stress tests. Engineers
will tell you that we can learn a lot from how systems behave under
extreme pressure. In that spirit, what have we learnt from the response
of the global energy system to the COVID-19 crisis?
All moments of great turmoil in global energy. But all pale in comparison
to the events of last year.
Most importantly, the pandemic that engulfed the world last year is a
humanitarian tragedy. As of the beginning of July, close to four million
people were reported to have died as a result of COVID-19. The true
number is likely to be far higher, and it continues to rise.
The pandemic also led to huge economic loss. Global GDP is estimated to
have fallen by over 3.5% last year – the largest peacetime recession since
the Great Depression. The IMF estimate that around 100 million people
have been pushed into poverty as a result of the virus. And the economic
scarring from the pandemic – especially for the world’s poorest and least-
Global energy demand: actual versus predicted
And finally, this all took place against a backdrop of increasing societal
and political demands for an accelerated transition to a net zero energy
system. Indeed, Glasgow in Scotland was due to host COP26 last year
– arguably the most important UN climate conference since Paris. In the
event, the conference had to be delayed until November 2021.
So, as we prepare for Glasgow, what lessons can we draw from the past
year – and, more generally, from the developments since Paris – for the
challenges and opportunities for this year’s COP?
Energy in 2020: what happened and how surprising was it?
Starting first with what actually happened last year and how surprising
was it? The headline numbers are dramatic: world energy demand is
estimated to have fallen by 4.5% and global carbon emissions from
energy use by 6.3%.
These falls are huge by historical standards – the largest falls in both
energy demand and carbon emissions since World War II. Indeed, the fall
of over 2 Gt of CO2 means that carbon emissions last year were back to
levels last seen in 2011.
Annual change, %
6
4
It’s also striking that the carbon intensity of the energy mix – the average
carbon emitted per unit of energy used – fell by 1.8%, also one of the
largest ever falls in post-war history.
2
0
-2
-2.1 Gt
-4
-6
2000
2002
2004
2006
Primary energy consumption
Predicted energy consumption
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
fall in carbon emissions,
taking CO2 emissions to
lowest level since 2011
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
3
How should we think about these reductions?
From a historical perspective, the falls in energy demand and carbon
emissions are obviously dramatic. But from a forward-looking
perspective, the rate of decline in carbon emissions observed last year
is similar to what the world needs to average each and every year for the
next 30 years to be on track to meet the Paris climate goals.
Put more concretely, if carbon emissions declined at the same average
rate as last year for the next 30 years, global carbon emissions would
decline by around 85% by 2050. For those of you familiar with bp’s latest
Energy Outlook, that is roughly mid-way between the Rapid and Net
Zero scenarios, which are broadly consistent with maintaining global
temperature rises well below 2˚C and below 1.5˚C respectively.
Last year’s fall in carbon emissions was obviously driven by a huge loss
in economic output and activity. A simple calculation comparing the fall in
emissions with the decline in world output equates to an implied carbon
price of almost $1400/per tonne. Scarily high. The challenge is to reduce
emissions without causing massive disruption and damage to everyday
lives and livelihoods.
It’s interesting to ask how surprising the falls in energy demand and
carbon emissions were last year. Yes: they were the biggest falls seen
for 75 years, but they occurred against the backdrop of a global pandemic
and the largest economic recession in post-war history. So how surprising
were they given everything else that was going on?
The yellow ‘predicted’ line in the global energy demand chart is based on
the same simple framework which we used in the 2019 Statistical Review
to analyse movements in energy demand.
The framework uses GDP growth, changes in oil prices (as a proxy for
energy prices), and the number of unusually hot and cold days to predict
the growth of energy demand at a country level and then aggregates to
global energy1. The neat thing about the framework is that, despite being
embarrassingly simple, it can explain most of the broad contours in energy
demand over the past 20 years or so.
The key feature of last year’s fall in energy demand is that it was
surprisingly big. Even after controlling for the collapse in economic
activity, the decline in energy demand was close to twice the size of the
‘predicted’ fall: 4.5% compared with a predicted fall of around 2.5%. The
source of this surprise can be better understood by looking at the size of
the falls in the different components of energy demand.
-9.3%
decline in oil consumption,
the largest in history
total decline in energy consumption. It’s also the key factor accounting
for the near-record fall in the carbon intensity of the energy mix.
The yellow bars in the energy demand growth chart use a similar modelling
approach to derive predicted movements for each of the demand
components. As you can see, the fall in oil consumption in 2020 was far
bigger than expected based on past relationships. And the extent of that
discrepancy was far greater than for any of the other demand components.
The decline in natural gas was pretty much bang-in-line with the model
prediction and electricity consumption actually fell by less than predicted.
Indeed, for those of you who like to think in statistical terms, the only
statistically significant prediction errors were those for total energy
demand and oil demand. And the surprise in total energy demand can be
entirely explained by the greater-than-expected fall in oil demand.
Oil demand is estimated to have fallen by an unprecedented 9.3%
(9.1 million barrels/day, or Mb/d) in 2020 – far bigger than anything seen
in history and far bigger than the falls in the other demand components.
Indeed, the fall in oil demand accounts for around three-quarters of the
Of course, for all of us who experienced extended lockdowns last
year, this is hardly surprising. The lockdowns detracted from oil
demand in a completely different way to a normal economic downturn,
crushing transport-related demand. Mobility metrics fell across the
board. Use of jet fuel and kerosene is estimated to have plunged by
40% (3.2 Mb/d) as aviation across much of the world was grounded.
Growth in oil demand
Energy demand growth in 2020
Annual change
Annual change
15%
0%
10%
-2%
-4%
5%
-6%
0%
-8%
-5%
-10%
-10%
-12%
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
1 T he country-level model for China also includes a variable to capture the industrial
composition of GDP growth. For more details, see https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/
business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review2019-full-report.pdf
4
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Primary energy
2020
Predicted
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Electricity
Power generation
Renewable power generation
Share of renewables and coal
in global power generation
Annual change, TWh
Share
400
50%
40%
300
30%
200
20%
100
10%
0
0%
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Wind
Solar
Geothermal, biomass and other
Similarly, gasoline demand fell by around 13% (3.1 Mb/d) as road mobility
measures crashed. In contrast, products most closely related to the
petrochemicals sector (naphtha, ethane and LPG) were broadly flat,
supported in part by increasing demand for PPE and other medicaland hygiene-related supplies.
In comparison, natural gas showed far greater resilience. Gas demand
is estimated to have fallen by 2.3% (81 bcm) in 2020, a broadly similar
decline to that seen in 2009 in the aftermath of the financial crisis.
Consumption fell in most regions, with the notable exception of China,
where gas demand grew by almost 7%. The relative immunity of natural
gas was helped by sharp falls in gas prices, which allowed gas generation
to gain share in the US power market and hold its own in the EU.
Electricity consumption is estimated to have experienced the smallest
fall across the main components of final energy demand, declining by just
0.9% in 2020. The relative resilience of electricity usage was aided by
the nature of the lockdowns, with falling power demand in industry and
commercial buildings partially offset by increased domestic use by homebased workers and locked-down families.
The relative resilience of overall power generation disguises a more
significant shift in the generation mix. In particular, despite the fall
in overall power demand, generation from renewables (wind, solar,
bioenergy and geothermal energy, and excluding hydroelectricity)
recorded its largest ever increase (358 TWh). This growth was driven by
strong increases in both wind (173 TWh) and solar (148 TWh) generation.
Encouragingly, the share of renewables in global generation recorded its
fastest ever increase. That continues the strong growth seen in recent
years. Over the past five years, renewable generation has accounted for
around 60% of the growth in global power generation, with wind and solar
power more than doubling.
The growth in renewables last year came largely at the expense of
coal-fired generation, which experienced one of its largest declines
on record (405 TWh, 4.4%). In addition to falling power demand and
increasing deployment of renewables, coal was also hurt by a loss of
competitiveness relative to natural gas, especially in the US and EU.
These trends are exactly what the world needs to see as it transitions to
net zero: strong growth in renewable generation crowding out coal. That
said, the ‘more than doubling’ in wind and solar generation over the past
five years hasn’t made even the smallest dent in total coal generation.
The level of coal generation in 2020 was essentially unchanged from its
level in 2015 as last year’s fall simply offset increases from the previous
few years. It will take more than just strong growth in renewable energy
to remove coal from the global power sector, especially at the pace it
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Coal
Renewables
needs to happen. There is still a long way to go to squeeze coal out of the
power sector.
In the developed world, there needs to be greater progress on energy
efficiency. And as we highlighted in the 2020 Energy Outlook, for many
emerging market economies to make significant inroads into the role of
coal while still ensuring improving energy access, they will likely need to
see an expansion in natural gas alongside renewable energy over the next
15-20 years.
Finally, in terms of this section, how ‘surprising’ was last year’s fall in
carbon emissions? Or put differently, what message should we take from
this fall for future carbon trends? Is this the beginning of the much hoped
for downward trend in emissions or just a temporary COVID-induced dip?
The two elements combining to produce the near-record decline in carbon
emissions – the falls in energy demand and in the carbon intensity of
the energy mix – can both be largely traced back to the unprecedented
decline in oil demand triggered by the lockdowns. This suggests that as
lockdowns around the world are eased and economic activity begins to
recover, there is a significant risk that last year’s fall in carbon emissions
will be reversed. Indeed, the IEA recently estimated that the level of
carbon emissions last December was already back above pre-crisis levels.
What can we learn from the COVID-induced stress test?
Moving to the second question for today: what can we learn from the
behaviour of the energy system in response to the extreme stress test
induced by the pandemic?
The focus here is on the supply response: how did different parts of the
energy industry react to the sudden, unexpected fall in demand? As I have
already mentioned, it’s striking that the relentless expansion of renewable
energy was relatively unscathed by the pandemic. Impressive resilience.
I will say more about the good news story that is renewables later. For
now, I am going to concentrate on oil and natural gas markets which
were affected more severely by the events of last year. Moreover, oil and
natural gas markets could become increasingly challenged as the energy
transition gathers pace. So, it’s interesting to ask whether we can learn
anything about their future behaviour from their response to the stresses
of last year.
358 TWh
increase in renewable power
generation, the largest ever
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
5
Oil
Starting first with oil. Over the year as a whole, global oil production is
estimated to have fallen by 6.6 Mb/d – again the largest fall in post-war
history. To get a sense of the timing and composition of that supply
response it is helpful to split the year into three phases.
Phase 1 covers the onset of the global pandemic from December 2019
to April 2020. This is the period in which global oil consumption literally
collapsed, with demand reaching a trough in April of more than 20 Mb/d
below pre-COVID-19 levels. Off the charts relative to anything seen
in history.
The initial supply response was totally underwhelming. In fact, it was
counterproductive. The obvious source of supply that could react quickly
was OPEC. But as you know, the key OPEC+ meeting in early March
ended in disagreement, with supply actually increasing for a period as
a brief price war broke out.
Oil inventories accumulated at a record pace, increasing by around
750 million barrels in just four months. That scale of imbalance is
unheard of and generated severe logistical issues, in terms of both the
availability of storage and the ability of excess supplies to access storage
sufficiently quickly.
Prices responded accordingly. Brent reached a low of below $20/bbl in
April. And oil markets made frontpage news as US WTI prices turned
negative for the first time ever.
The second phase, from April to August, saw a significant supply
response. The main supply reaction came from OPEC+, who agreed to
cut oil production by 9.7 Mb/d between May and June, later extended to
July. US tight oil also responded, with production falling by around 2 Mb/d
between March and May.
The responsiveness of tight oil is typically framed in terms of the rapid
decline rates in tight oil basins combined with the speed with which
Oil market in 2020
Oil demand and supply
Change (from
beginning to end
of phase), Mb/d
Demand
20
The falls in US tight oil were compounded by falls in conventional supplies.
All told, North American production fell by around 4 Mb/d between March
and May – roughly twice that of Russia.
At the same time, demand partially recovered as lockdowns were eased,
initially in Asia and increasingly in the US and Europe. This resulted in
a convergence of production and consumption levels, with inventories
broadly stable at their new elevated level.
The third and final phase, from August through to the end of the year,
was one of gradual adjustment. Demand continued to edge up, although
second waves of COVID-19 spreading across different regions slowed
the pace of recovery. Some of the supply response, from both OPEC+
and US tight oil, was partially unwound. But continuing OPEC+ constraint
and compliance meant the market moved into deficit and stocks began
to normalize. By the end of the year, around half of the excess stocks
accumulated during the first part of the year had been unwound. And
prices had recovered to around $50/bbl.
What lessons can we draw from this real-world stress test of global
oil markets?
10
0
For me, the main lesson was OPEC+ was both able and willing to step in
and stabilise oil markets. But whether this means it will always be able to
do so, depends on the type of shock affecting oil markets. The nature of
OPEC’s power to shift supply intertemporally from one period to another
means it has the ability to offset temporary, short-lived shocks.
-10
-20
-30
Global oil stocks
Indeed, in response to an economics exam question of what type of
demand shock is OPEC best able to stabilise – a global pandemic followed
by a successful vaccine would be close to the perfect answer: relatively
short-lived, temporary shocks. Which is what makes the initial failure of
OPEC to reach agreement in March 2020 all the more surprising.
Mbbls
9200
8800
8400
8000
In contrast, the ability – and incentive – for OPEC to offset a sustained
and growing fall in oil demand as the world transitions to net zero is less
clear. In this case, there may be a greater incentive for individual OPEC
members to worry more about protecting and growing their market
shares and less about stabilizing markets.
Oil prices (Brent)
$/bbl
80
60
-6.6 Mb/d
40
20
0
Phase 1
(Dec ‘19 – April)
Phase 2
(April – Aug)
Source: EIA (demand), IEA (supply), S&P Global Platts (prices).
6
Supply
new investment can be halted. But the pace of response seen in the
US last spring was far quicker than natural decline, and was largely
driven by producing wells being shut-in, due to a combination of
logistics and economics.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Phase 3
(Aug – Dec)
Fall in global oil production, the
largest drop in post-war history
Natural gas
Turning to natural gas markets. I want to focus on the European gas
market, both because it’s the largest market in which there is active gason-gas competition; and because of the key role it plays as the balancing
market for liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargoes.
So, what can we learn from its behaviour in response to the stress caused
by the pandemic, with European gas imports falling by over 8½ % last year?
The gas-on-gas competition in Europe takes the form of pipeline imports
– predominantly from Russia – competing against LNG imports – largely
from the US as the marginal source of LNG.
As LNG imports have increased in recent years it has raised the question
of the extent to which Russia and other pipeline gas exporters will
compete against LNG to maintain their market share or instead forgo
some of that share to avoid driving prices too low. This issue could
become more acute in a transition in which Europe moves away from
natural gas and competition between different gas supplies intensifies.
Although there is lots of complicating detail, it appears that Russian
exporters were prepared to forgo some market share last year. Pipeline
imports from Russia as a share of European gas demand fell from 35%
in 2019 to 31% in 2020, with much of the reduction happening in the
first half of last year. Some of that reduction initially reflected the record
storage levels which had been built up towards the end of 2019. But
Russian volumes remained low through the second quarter when the
impact of the pandemic on European gas demand was at its height.
In contrast, LNG imports were up year-on-year in the first half of 2020
and their share of European demand for the year as a whole was broadly
unchanged at 21%. However, as to whether this provides a guide to the
future behaviour of Russian pipeline exports is less clear.
The argument here is similar to the point we just discussed in the context
of OPEC. In response to a fall in demand that is expected to be relatively
short-lived, it may be entirely rational for pipeline exporters to use their
flexibility to reduce supply temporarily to help stabilise the market and
support prices. But the possible response to a sustained and growing
contraction in gas imports as Europe transitions away from fossil fuels
could be very different, with a stronger incentive for Russian pipeline
exporters to compete to be the last producer standing.
One of the factors affecting the response of pipeline exporters last year
was their perception of how low European prices would need to fall to
shut-in LNG exports. Which takes us to the second aspect I mentioned,
Europe as the balancing market for LNG flows. Until last year, this
question of the shut-in price for LNG exports was largely hypothetical –
shut-ins had never really occurred at scale. That all changed last year.
As European LNG forward prices fell below these operating costs, this
triggered a significant shut-in of US LNG exports. Average utilization rates
of US LNG facilities began to fall in April last year, reaching a low of around
30-35% at the height of the summer. US LNG exports still increased by
around 30% in 2020 helped by three new LNG trains coming on stream
and several others ramping up. But had it not been for the cancelling of
cargoes, the growth in US exports would have been closer to 80%.
US LNG: operating costs and utilization rates
$/mmBtu
10
8
6
4
2
0
UK NBP forward*
US exporters’ operating costs (Europe)†
100%
50%
0%
Jan 19
Apr 19
Jul 19
Oct 19
Jan 19
Apr 19
Jul 19
Oct 19
US LNG utilization rate
* UK NBP represents the average of forward prices 2 months ahead
† US exporters operating costs to Europe = Henry Hub* 1.15 + LNG voyage costs (Platts)
That accolade went to Sweden, which in June 2017 pledged to reach
carbon neutrality by 2045.
Fast forward to today, and 10 countries together with the European
Union have passed net zero targets into law and a further 34 countries
have either proposed legislation or outlined formal policy intentions
with the same intent. The IEA recently estimated that together these
commitments and intentions account for around 70% of global carbon
emissions2. Although still early days, there are encouraging signs that
the collective jolt and huge costs of COVID-19 may have led to renewed
determination to prevent an even more damaging global trauma in the
form of climate change.
That rising level of ambition is also evident at the corporate level. On last
count, the number of companies with stated aims or ambitions to get
to net zero had increased more than six-fold since 2019 to more than
3000 companies. This rise in corporate ambition has coincided with
growing societal expectations for companies to both increase further their
transparency about climate-related risks and demonstrate their strategies
and actions are consistent with Paris.
One manifestation of those changing societal expectations is the
explosion in ESG-related investments. Inflows into ESG-related funds
2 https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/20959e2e-7ab8-4f2a-b1c6-4e63387f03a1/
NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf (page 33).
Progress since Paris – how is the world doing?
Finally, question three. With the build-up to the Glasgow COP gathering
pace, I want to spend a few minutes putting last year’s developments
into the broader context of progress made since the Paris COP in 2015.
The goals agreed at Paris are widely seen as a watershed in terms of
achieving global alignment on ambitions for limiting temperature rises and
all countries agreeing to make their contribution to achieving those aims.
So almost six years on from Paris, how is the world doing?
One of the biggest changes since 2015 is the marked increase in focus
and ambition on getting to net zero. At the time of the Paris convention,
no major country had made a formal commitment to achieve net zero.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
7
modern energy for all’. The good news is that there have been significant
improvements in energy access over the past six years.
IEA’s 2015 World Energy Outlook and carbon emissions
Gt CO2
The number of people without access to electricity has fallen from close
to 1 billion in 2015, to a little over 750 million by 2019 – around 10% of the
world’s population, down from 15% in 2015.
35
34
33
Encouraging progress. However, just as with emissions, the progress
comes with caveats.
32
31
*For the purposes of comparison, actual carbon emissions have been rebased to match the level
of emissions reported for 2013 in the International Energy Agency’s 2015 World Energy Outlook.
The improvements have been uneven, with three-quarters of the global
population without access to electricity situated in sub-Saharan Africa.
Moreover, the impact of COVID-19 has reversed some of that progress.
The World Bank estimates that the pandemic has made basic electricity
services unaffordable for 30 million more people, the first time the
number of people without access to electricity has increased for six years.
And access to clean cooking facilities – the other focus of SDG 7 – lags far
behind with around 2.6 billion people estimated not to have access.
have increased from less than $30 billion in 2015 to over $330 billion in
2020 – an 11-fold increase in just five years. The world of investing seems
to have changed for good – in both senses of the word.
Moreover, the concept of ‘energy access’ is somewhat nebulous. The
UN defines access to electricity in terms of a minimum level of residential
consumption. But the level of energy needed to support strong,
sustainable economic growth is likely to far exceed that.
30
29
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Actual carbon emissions*
Current Policies Scenario
New Policies Scenario
450 Scenario
Although these developments are hugely encouraging, they come with
two major caveats. First, countries’ pledges still don’t go far enough.
Despite the substantial increase in net zero aims and intentions at
national and regional levels, the UN NDC Synthesis Report, published last
December, concluded that ‘the current levels of climate ambition are not
on track to meet our Paris Agreement goals’3.
Second, there is a mismatch between these ambitions and the outcomes
the world needs and wants to see. The Paris agreement was met with
huge hope and optimism, but that hasn’t yet been reflected in a marked
improvement in the actual emissions data.
The IEA’s World Energy Outlook (WEO) published in November 2015, just
prior to the Paris COP, contained three scenarios for carbon emissions
based on different assumptions about the future setting of global energy
policies: a continuation of current policies (shown in red in the chart); the
implementation of declared policy intentions (in green); and a set of policies
consistent with limiting global temperature increases to 2˚C (in purple).
Until last year, carbon emissions had continued their unrelenting rise,
broadly in line with the policy intentions that had been declared prior to
the Paris meeting. Importantly, there was no sign of the decisive shift
envisaged by the ‘less than 2˚C’ purple scenario. The COVID-induced
fall in carbon emissions last year put emissions closer to the 2-degree
pathway, but as discussed earlier, there is a good chance that much of
that dip proves transitory.
Hope and ambition need to be translated into tangible, concrete differences.
Energy access
Although much of the attention of the Paris Agreement is on the response
to climate change, the Agreement stipulates that this response should
be in ‘the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate
poverty’4. The UN Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 (UN SDGs),
which were adopted around the same time as the Paris COP, provide
a natural benchmark for monitoring progress on this aspect of the
Paris Agreement.
There are several strong inter-connections between these goals and
the energy system, including on conservation and biodiversity, both on
land (SDG 15) and in our oceans (SDG 14). But perhaps the closest to
home is SDG 7: ‘ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and
3 Additional targets have been announced since December and the UN will publish an updated
report prior to COP 26.
4 https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf
5 https://www.energyforgrowth.org/projects/modern-energy-minimum/
8
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Energy is vital for productive uses as well as household consumption.
For example, the Energy for Growth Hub propose a Modern Energy
Minimum of 1000 kWh per person per year, which they argue is
consistent with countries reaching a lower-middle income status5.
This is around four times greater than the UN definition. Importantly,
the Energy for Growth Hub estimates that more than 3.5 billion people
– close to half the world’s population – are living below the Modern
Energy Minimum.
Half the world’s population – it makes you think.
Renewables
Arguably, the single most important element of the energy system
needed to address both aspects of the Paris Agreement – respond to the
threat of climate change and support sustainable growth – is the need for
rapid growth in renewable energy. I am pleased to say that the progress
on renewable energy over the past five or six years has been a perfect
example of that tangible, concrete progress I mentioned.
If we start with what happened last year, focusing on wind and solar
energy which is where most of the action is. Despite the huge disruptions
associated with the global pandemic and the collapse in GDP, wind and
solar capacity increased by a colossal 238 GW in 2020 – 50% larger than
at any time in history.
The main driver was China, which accounted for roughly half of the
global increase in wind and solar capacity. The expansion in Chinese
wind capacity (72 GW) is particularly striking and it’s likely that some of
the reported increase reflects various changes to Chinese subsidy and
accounting practices. But even controlling for that, it seems clear that
2020 was a record year for the build-out of wind and solar capacity.
Viewed over a slightly longer period, wind and solar capacity more than
doubled between 2015 and 2020, increasing by around 800 GW, which
equates to an average annual increase of 18%. To put that in context,
in bp’s Rapid and Net Zero scenarios, wind and solar capacity increase
at an average annual rate of around 14% and 18% respectively over the
next 10 years. So, the current pace of growth is broadly on track with
those scenarios.
238 GW
increase in wind and solar capacity,
50% larger than any increase in history
Wind and solar power capacity
Wind capacity
Solar capacity
Annual change, GW
Annual change, GW
140
140
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
China
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Rest of world
The challenge is to maintain the recent pace of growth as the overall size
of renewable energy expands. In that context, what has underpinned the
strong growth over the past five years?
Along with many other forecasters, we materially underestimated the
growth of wind and solar power over the past five years. A key factor
underpinning this under-estimation is that costs of renewable energy have
fallen by far more than projected in bp’s 2016 Energy Outlook. The costs
of onshore wind and solar power have fallen by around 40% and 55%
respectively over the past five years6. Far more than the 15% and 20%
assumed in the 2016 Outlook.
Although it’s a gross simplification, cost reductions for renewables are
often summarised in terms of a ‘learning-by-doing’ framework. As everincreasing amounts of renewable capacity are produced and installed,
the supply chain learns how to become more and more efficient, driving
costs progressively lower. Viewed in this way, renewable costs can fall by
more than expected, either because the build-out of renewables is greater
– hence allowing for ‘more learning’ – or because costs fall by more for
a given level of build out – ‘faster learning’.
Our analysis shows that the biggest factor accounting for the larger-thanexpected falls in renewables costs is ‘faster learning’ – which explains
around three-quarters of the error on wind costs and two-thirds for
solar costs.
Interestingly, the majority of the ‘more learning’ contributions for both
wind and solar over the past five years stem from China, as renewables
have gained share from coal more quickly than expected. This transition
has gone hand-in-hand with a massive scaling up of China’s renewable
manufacturing capacity, which has helped reduce the cost of wind and
solar power around the world.
So, an upbeat message on renewables.
But it’s important to remember that this pace of progress on renewable
energy needs to be matched by the many other dimensions of the energy
transition: energy efficiency; the growth of new energy vectors, such as
hydrogen, to help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors; and the build-out
of carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS).
Continued rapid growth in renewable energy is necessary to get to net
zero, but it’s not sufficient.
6 C osts based on LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) averaged across three major demand
centres (US, China and Europe).
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the many contacts
worldwide who provide the publicly available data for this publication, and to
the researchers at the Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy,
Heriot-Watt University who assist in the data compilation.
Conclusion
70th birthdays are important milestones, providing an opportunity to
reflect on the events that have shaped your life. There have certainly been
many, many changes in global energy markets since the Statistical Review
was first conceived in 1952.
But as my mother-in-law said to me recently, even at 70 you can still be
surprised. And for the Statistical Review – like so many of us – 2020 will
go down as one of the most surprising and most dramatic years in its life,
with the largest declines in energy demand and carbon emissions seen
in modern peacetime.
But the importance of the past 70 years pales into insignificance as we
consider the challenges facing the energy system over the next 10, 20,
30 years as the world strives to get to net zero.
Will 2020 be seen as a turning point when the shock of COVID-19
finally caused the world to take decisive action to mitigate the threat
of climate change?
Will the good intentions and increased ambitions of the past few years
be translated into a sharp and sustained fall in emissions?
Will renewable energy be able to maintain the rapid rates of growth seen
over the past five years?
And how important will the private sector – in the form of green and
greening companies, prompted and supported by growing societal
expectations – be in the eventual success or otherwise of the
energy transition?
If 70th birthdays are important, 100-year anniversaries are really special.
What events will the 100-year-old Statistical Review report as it analyses
energy developments in 2050?
Spencer Dale
Chief economist
July 2021
In detail
Carbon dioxide emissions now include CO2 emissions from natural gas
flaring. Wind and solar capacity data have been included in the book for
the first time.
Additional information – including historical time series for the fuels reported
in the review; additional country and regional coverage for fuels
consumption; further details on renewable forms of energy – together
with the full version of Spencer Dale’s presentation is available at
bp.com/statisticalreview.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
9
Primary energy
Consumption*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
13.27
7.31
92.91
113.50
3.23
10.95
1.33
1.44
0.55
0.81
0.84
3.36
3.67
26.19
1.48
2.76
1.84
1.30
10.65
13.70
1.34
0.99
7.27
4.10
1.73
4.18
1.08
1.42
6.08
2.16
1.23
4.50
5.10
8.92
6.70
88.53
0.47
1.09
2.24
27.99
0.90
1.88
0.67
35.23
8.72
1.45
0.99
1.41
0.87
1.20
8.74
3.50
2.46
29.33
1.58
3.24
0.70
5.26
5.21
15.99
5.33
0.90
104.29
1.16
22.48
6.40
21.11
3.35
0.83
2.65
1.22
2.87
10.82
0.24
4.77
4.39
1.87
1.94
196.60
505.38
234.19
271.19
65.07
13.78
7.66
92.05
113.49
3.34
11.46
1.44
1.48
0.59
0.90
0.83
3.44
3.79
27.27
1.38
2.58
1.79
1.22
10.24
13.20
1.31
0.96
7.13
3.92
1.75
4.20
1.03
1.46
5.97
2.13
1.17
4.81
5.27
8.43
6.55
86.50
0.52
1.08
2.53
28.92
1.00
1.95
0.71
36.71
9.11
1.54
1.02
1.45
0.94
1.40
9.18
3.67
2.32
30.63
1.67
3.30
0.73
5.20
5.14
16.04
5.48
0.98
112.54
1.19
23.80
6.88
20.02
3.47
0.83
2.65
1.24
2.99
11.33
0.25
4.73
4.56
2.13
1.93
206.99
517.64
231.74
285.90
63.12
13.81
7.71
89.62
111.14
3.46
11.67
1.48
1.59
0.62
0.93
0.81
3.61
3.84
27.99
1.45
2.47
1.78
1.18
10.23
13.37
1.23
0.90
6.92
3.79
1.94
4.07
0.94
1.40
5.93
2.26
1.23
5.11
5.17
8.53
6.26
86.18
0.54
1.17
2.66
28.98
1.09
1.93
0.74
37.10
9.21
1.63
1.06
1.51
1.03
1.60
9.74
3.87
2.20
31.84
1.83
3.47
0.75
5.12
5.48
16.64
5.42
1.05
117.05
1.14
25.04
7.32
19.89
3.73
0.84
2.47
1.28
3.00
11.44
0.25
4.70
4.87
2.24
2.02
213.73
524.61
229.51
295.10
62.36
14.14
7.74
92.04
113.92
3.59
12.10
1.49
1.60
0.64
0.94
0.83
3.65
3.84
28.70
1.44
2.54
1.75
1.19
10.33
13.74
1.16
0.85
6.60
3.68
1.82
4.09
1.03
1.31
5.62
2.12
1.26
5.07
4.89
8.48
6.32
85.29
0.55
1.03
2.67
28.65
0.97
1.96
0.71
36.53
9.55
1.76
0.98
1.55
1.15
1.73
9.78
4.08
2.11
32.68
1.93
3.45
0.77
5.14
5.82
17.10
5.49
1.08
121.38
1.17
26.02
7.56
19.73
3.90
0.84
2.69
1.38
3.06
11.47
0.25
4.80
4.95
2.35
1.97
220.09
534.32
231.63
302.69
61.82
14.19
7.70
92.99
114.88
3.59
12.38
1.46
1.68
0.67
0.97
0.82
3.47
3.84
28.89
1.38
2.36
1.71
1.15
9.89
13.16
1.09
0.85
6.24
3.47
1.87
3.93
1.05
1.35
5.51
2.11
1.21
5.23
4.33
7.99
6.11
82.01
0.56
1.07
2.73
28.72
1.00
2.02
0.73
36.82
9.98
1.69
0.97
1.57
1.14
1.87
10.49
4.04
2.08
33.83
2.11
3.44
0.78
5.20
6.22
17.75
5.54
1.12
124.82
1.14
27.79
7.02
19.22
3.94
0.88
2.77
1.45
3.15
11.57
0.27
4.90
5.09
2.57
2.13
225.38
539.56
229.65
309.91
59.59
14.26
7.69
92.09
114.04
3.66
12.20
1.50
1.70
0.67
1.02
0.80
3.43
4.01
28.97
1.38
2.39
1.68
1.14
9.95
13.40
1.10
0.90
6.42
3.52
1.89
3.97
1.03
1.36
5.59
2.17
1.18
5.72
3.59
8.08
6.25
82.72
0.62
0.97
2.74
28.23
1.20
1.93
0.72
36.41
9.93
1.68
1.02
1.61
1.21
2.13
10.82
4.46
1.95
34.82
2.22
3.52
0.79
5.09
6.47
18.09
5.67
1.31
126.53
1.18
28.68
7.09
18.92
4.00
0.89
2.92
1.59
3.35
11.75
0.29
4.90
5.21
2.86
2.22
229.36
544.41
230.25
314.16
60.35
14.11
7.79
91.96
113.85
3.63
11.89
1.57
1.78
0.66
1.09
0.71
2.99
4.21
28.53
1.43
2.58
1.65
1.16
9.79
13.62
1.08
0.91
6.45
3.59
1.91
4.15
1.10
1.36
5.64
2.14
1.11
6.01
3.75
7.99
6.40
83.81
0.61
0.96
2.73
28.82
1.19
1.85
0.73
36.88
10.40
1.93
1.04
1.62
1.21
2.08
10.96
4.64
1.94
35.82
2.22
3.69
0.80
5.33
6.55
18.59
5.70
1.33
128.63
1.21
29.95
7.17
18.70
4.21
0.89
3.18
1.73
3.48
12.03
0.31
4.90
5.32
3.09
2.41
234.24
551.74
231.16
320.58
61.03
14.24
7.90
92.26
114.40
3.64
12.04
1.58
1.82
0.69
1.11
0.75
2.93
4.20
28.75
1.46
2.61
1.72
1.13
9.72
13.78
1.13
0.96
6.52
3.53
1.92
4.31
1.07
1.38
5.72
2.21
1.11
6.37
3.49
7.96
6.52
84.64
0.60
0.98
2.94
29.00
1.17
1.85
0.76
37.30
10.79
1.91
1.09
1.65
1.30
2.02
10.93
4.65
1.96
36.30
2.25
3.80
0.84
5.30
6.85
19.03
5.67
1.38
132.80
1.29
31.14
7.47
18.91
4.27
0.91
3.37
1.90
3.59
12.27
0.33
4.93
5.41
3.31
2.46
241.41
561.82
233.28
328.54
61.80
14.44
7.84
95.64
117.92
3.59
12.12
1.64
1.85
0.73
1.17
0.71
2.47
4.29
28.58
1.43
2.59
1.72
1.16
9.88
13.44
1.13
0.97
6.57
3.53
1.90
4.37
1.08
1.41
5.79
2.16
1.13
6.29
3.62
7.95
6.63
84.74
0.62
1.07
3.24
30.11
1.31
1.92
0.83
39.08
11.42
2.00
1.09
1.65
1.37
1.78
10.65
4.59
1.92
36.47
2.42
3.85
0.86
5.10
7.27
19.50
5.70
1.47
137.58
1.30
33.14
8.07
18.80
4.33
0.91
3.48
1.96
3.61
12.43
0.35
4.99
5.53
3.73
2.50
249.85
576.13
236.85
339.28
61.79
14.45
7.55
94.90
116.90
3.38
12.42
1.68
1.91
0.74
1.19
0.71
1.95
4.35
28.33
1.50
2.67
1.70
1.13
9.67
13.05
1.19
0.98
6.45
3.51
1.78
4.24
1.03
1.38
5.60
2.24
1.18
6.51
3.42
7.73
6.53
83.46
0.65
1.05
3.15
29.90
1.43
1.92
0.80
38.90
11.97
2.20
1.13
1.67
1.39
1.93
10.68
4.55
1.99
37.51
2.50
3.86
0.94
5.21
7.36
19.87
5.88
1.64
142.03
1.24
33.89
8.65
18.37
4.43
0.93
3.51
2.02
3.53
12.25
0.36
4.90
5.51
4.17
3.23
256.54
581.51
234.48
347.04
60.74
13.63
6.48
87.79
107.90
3.15
12.01
1.61
1.77
0.65
1.00
0.62
1.44
3.95
26.19
1.38
2.19
1.54
1.10
8.70
12.11
1.00
0.97
5.86
3.37
1.93
4.01
0.93
1.33
4.97
2.20
1.08
6.29
3.31
6.89
5.97
77.15
0.62
0.98
3.11
28.31
1.40
1.87
0.82
37.12
12.03
2.06
1.05
1.51
1.37
1.71
10.56
4.19
1.96
36.44
2.30
3.65
0.88
4.90
6.86
18.58
5.57
1.59
145.46
0.93
31.98
7.63
17.03
4.11
0.84
3.47
1.82
3.42
11.79
0.33
4.82
5.12
4.09
3.25
253.25
556.63
217.11
339.52
55.74
-5.9%
-14.5%
-7.7%
-8.0%
-7.1%
-3.6%
-4.9%
-7.7%
-13.6%
-16.1%
-12.5%
-26.3%
-9.3%
-7.8%
-7.9%
-18.1%
-9.7%
-2.8%
-10.3%
-7.5%
-16.4%
-1.5%
-9.3%
-4.2%
8.2%
-5.5%
-9.8%
-3.5%
-11.4%
-2.2%
-8.6%
-3.6%
-3.3%
-11.0%
-8.8%
-7.8%
-4.3%
-7.0%
-1.7%
-5.5%
-1.9%
-2.8%
1.5%
-4.8%
0.2%
-6.3%
-7.4%
-9.9%
-1.8%
-11.3%
-1.4%
-8.2%
-1.8%
-3.1%
-8.4%
-5.8%
-7.1%
-6.1%
-7.0%
-6.7%
-5.5%
-3.2%
2.1%
-25.3%
-5.9%
-12.0%
-7.5%
-7.4%
-9.9%
-1.4%
-9.7%
-3.4%
-4.0%
-8.8%
-2.0%
-7.4%
-2.1%
0.1%
-1.6%
-4.5%
-7.7%
-2.4%
-8.5%
1.0%
0.6%
0.5%
0.6%
0.8%
2.2%
2.4%
3.4%
4.1%
5.2%
-0.9%
-5.6%
1.9%
1.3%
0.5%
0.3%
-0.4%
-0.6%
-0.7%
-0.1%
-1.6%
0.1%
-0.9%
-1.0%
-0.1%
0.8%
*In this review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity.
◆
-0.3%
-0.6%
1.0%
-0.7%
4.3%
-3.3%
-1.2%
0.1%
-0.2%
3.2%
0.3%
4.2%
1.1%
5.5%
0.2%
2.1%
1.4%
3.4%
4.9%
1.9%
3.1%
6.7%
6.4%
3.1%
3.2%
-2.0%
3.1%
4.5%
2.3%
4.1%
◆
4.1%
2.5%
0.9%
6.4%
3.8%
1.1%
4.7%
4.0%
-0.8%
3.1%
1.4%
2.9%
5.5%
2.8%
2.1%
4.9%
1.0%
2.9%
9.7%
6.3%
3.3%
1.9%
0.4%
3.1%
-0.3%
Energy from all sources of non-fossil power generation is accounted for on an input-equivalent basis. See the appendix or bp.com/statisticalreview for more details on this methodology.
than 0.05%.
Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
◆Less
10
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Share
2020
2.4%
1.2%
15.8%
19.4%
0.6%
2.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.7%
4.7%
0.2%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
1.6%
2.2%
0.2%
0.2%
1.1%
0.6%
0.3%
0.7%
0.2%
0.2%
0.9%
0.4%
0.2%
1.1%
0.6%
1.2%
1.1%
13.9%
0.1%
0.2%
0.6%
5.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
6.7%
2.2%
0.4%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
1.9%
0.8%
0.4%
6.5%
0.4%
0.7%
0.2%
0.9%
1.2%
3.3%
1.0%
0.3%
26.1%
0.2%
5.7%
1.4%
3.1%
0.7%
0.2%
0.6%
0.3%
0.6%
2.1%
0.1%
0.9%
0.9%
0.7%
0.6%
45.5%
100.0%
39.0%
61.0%
10.0%
Primary energy: Consumption by fuel*
2019
Exajoules
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Oil
Natural
gas
Coal
4.78
3.24
37.13
45.15
1.15
4.81
0.76
0.68
0.49
0.54
0.08
0.59
2.74
11.84
0.55
1.33
0.42
0.39
3.14
4.66
0.64
0.35
2.55
1.64
0.39
1.36
0.50
0.45
2.70
0.59
0.44
2.01
0.48
3.08
2.59
30.27
0.21
0.30
0.76
6.72
0.29
0.19
0.18
8.64
3.53
1.47
0.50
0.83
0.48
0.60
6.67
1.86
1.09
17.03
0.85
1.48
0.56
1.17
4.21
8.28
2.11
0.38
27.94
0.87
9.99
3.16
7.32
1.59
0.36
0.90
0.91
3.05
5.16
0.25
1.98
2.62
1.10
0.96
70.67
191.89
90.16
101.73
23.17
4.24
3.17
30.57
37.98
1.68
1.29
0.23
0.48
0.02
0.30
0.63
0.92
0.33
5.88
0.32
0.63
0.30
0.07
1.57
3.19
0.19
0.35
2.55
1.33
0.16
0.75
0.22
0.39
1.30
0.04
0.12
1.56
1.02
2.78
1.08
19.93
0.42
0.69
0.63
16.00
1.14
1.60
0.20
20.67
8.04
0.70
0.39
0.83
0.90
1.32
4.00
2.57
0.84
19.60
1.63
2.12
0.04
0.15
1.66
5.59
1.52
1.11
11.10
0.11
2.13
1.58
3.89
1.61
0.18
1.60
0.15
0.45
2.02
–
0.84
1.83
0.35
0.41
30.89
140.54
64.80
75.74
14.08
0.63
0.54
11.34
12.52
0.03
0.65
0.31
0.20
–
0.03
–
†
0.23
1.45
0.12
0.13
0.60
0.15
0.27
2.25
0.22
0.08
0.28
0.27
0.03
1.86
0.05
0.21
0.16
0.08
†
1.76
1.08
0.22
1.34
11.13
†
0.06
1.66
3.57
–
0.08
0.09
5.45
0.07
–
0.21
0.01
0.01
–
†
0.08
0.01
0.40
0.02
0.08
0.28
3.64
0.30
4.32
1.75
0.14
81.79
0.26
18.60
3.41
4.91
0.95
0.06
0.56
0.73
0.02
3.44
0.06
1.67
0.71
2.07
1.23
122.37
157.64
32.30
125.34
7.32
2020
Nuclear
Hydroenergy electricity
0.90
0.10
7.60
8.59
0.08
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.22
–
0.39
0.27
0.22
3.56
0.67
–
0.15
–
0.03
–
–
–
0.10
0.52
0.59
0.23
–
0.74
0.50
0.34
8.29
–
–
–
1.86
–
–
0.02
1.88
0.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.06
–
–
–
0.12
–
0.12
–
–
3.11
–
0.40
–
0.59
–
–
0.08
–
–
1.30
–
0.29
–
–
–
5.77
24.93
17.78
7.15
6.82
3.38
0.21
2.54
6.14
0.33
3.55
0.19
0.48
0.22
0.28
–
0.43
0.76
6.25
0.36
†
0.02
0.11
0.50
0.18
0.04
†
0.41
†
1.12
0.02
0.08
0.14
0.20
0.58
0.34
0.79
0.06
0.05
0.60
5.60
0.01
†
0.09
1.73
†
0.06
0.32
2.21
0.26
0.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.02
0.30
†
0.12
0.01
0.01
1.08
1.22
0.13
0.01
11.34
–
1.44
0.15
0.66
0.23
0.23
0.32
0.07
–
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.60
0.61
15.97
37.69
12.87
24.81
2.83
Renewables
Total
0.51
0.30
5.71
6.52
0.12
1.99
0.18
0.06
0.01
0.04
†
†
0.29
2.69
0.15
0.19
0.09
0.19
0.63
2.10
0.12
0.05
0.65
0.23
0.07
0.25
0.18
0.10
0.73
0.36
0.04
0.39
0.05
1.09
0.58
8.24
†
†
0.01
0.02
†
†
†
0.04
0.01
†
0.03
†
†
†
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.12
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.11
0.11
0.34
0.37
†
6.75
†
1.33
0.35
1.01
0.04
0.10
0.05
0.15
0.01
0.30
0.01
0.07
0.28
0.04
0.01
10.87
28.82
16.56
12.26
6.51
14.45
7.55
94.90
116.90
3.38
12.42
1.68
1.91
0.74
1.19
0.71
1.95
4.35
28.33
1.50
2.67
1.70
1.13
9.67
13.05
1.19
0.98
6.45
3.51
1.78
4.24
1.03
1.38
5.60
2.24
1.18
6.51
3.42
7.73
6.53
83.46
0.65
1.05
3.15
29.90
1.43
1.92
0.80
38.90
11.97
2.20
1.13
1.67
1.39
1.93
10.68
4.55
1.99
37.51
2.50
3.86
0.94
5.21
7.36
19.87
5.88
1.64
142.03
1.24
33.89
8.65
18.37
4.43
0.93
3.51
2.02
3.53
12.25
0.36
4.90
5.51
4.17
3.23
256.54
581.51
234.48
347.04
60.74
Oil
Natural
gas
Coal
4.26
2.46
32.54
39.27
1.03
4.61
0.69
0.55
0.40
0.40
0.08
0.48
2.37
10.62
0.48
0.93
0.37
0.35
2.68
4.21
0.51
0.33
2.13
1.51
0.37
1.28
0.41
0.44
2.21
0.55
0.37
1.82
0.45
2.39
2.28
26.07
0.18
0.28
0.75
6.39
0.28
0.16
0.16
8.19
3.31
1.29
0.42
0.76
0.42
0.45
6.51
1.51
1.03
15.71
0.72
1.33
0.50
1.02
3.62
7.19
1.83
0.33
28.50
0.61
9.02
2.34
6.49
1.38
0.30
0.88
0.75
2.93
4.90
0.21
1.89
2.39
0.98
0.94
66.68
173.73
78.52
95.21
20.03
4.05
3.11
29.95
37.11
1.58
1.16
0.22
0.50
0.02
0.25
0.54
0.68
0.29
5.24
0.31
0.61
0.30
0.07
1.46
3.12
0.21
0.37
2.44
1.32
0.16
0.78
0.22
0.41
1.17
0.04
0.12
1.67
1.06
2.61
1.07
19.48
0.43
0.64
0.60
14.81
1.13
1.55
0.22
19.38
8.39
0.75
0.41
0.74
0.93
1.26
4.04
2.51
0.86
19.88
1.55
2.08
0.03
0.15
1.70
5.51
1.47
1.10
11.90
0.18
2.15
1.50
3.76
1.37
0.16
1.48
0.14
0.45
2.04
–
0.90
1.69
0.31
0.42
31.02
137.62
63.28
74.34
13.68
0.50
0.21
9.20
9.91
0.03
0.58
0.30
0.27
–
0.02
–
†
0.28
1.48
0.09
0.11
0.49
0.13
0.19
1.84
0.11
0.07
0.21
0.18
0.03
1.67
0.02
0.15
0.07
0.07
†
1.66
0.98
0.19
1.10
9.40
†
0.06
1.64
3.27
–
0.10
0.11
5.17
0.07
–
0.17
†
0.01
–
†
0.11
0.01
0.38
0.02
0.03
0.28
3.48
0.30
4.11
1.69
0.15
82.27
0.14
17.54
3.26
4.57
1.14
0.06
0.62
0.73
0.02
3.03
0.07
1.63
0.73
2.10
1.23
120.97
151.42
27.46
123.96
5.91
Nuclear
Hydroenergy electricity
0.87
0.10
7.39
8.35
0.09
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.23
–
0.31
0.27
0.21
3.14
0.57
–
0.14
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.10
0.52
0.48
0.20
–
0.68
0.45
0.34
7.44
–
–
–
1.92
–
–
0.02
1.94
0.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.01
–
0.07
–
–
–
0.14
–
0.14
–
–
3.25
–
0.40
–
0.38
–
–
0.08
–
–
1.42
–
0.28
–
–
–
5.82
23.98
16.67
7.31
6.11
3.42
0.24
2.56
6.22
0.27
3.52
0.18
0.39
0.22
0.27
–
0.28
0.72
5.87
0.36
†
0.02
0.14
0.54
0.17
0.03
†
0.41
†
1.25
0.02
0.11
0.13
0.24
0.65
0.33
0.69
0.06
0.06
0.59
5.82
0.01
†
0.09
1.89
†
0.06
0.31
2.36
0.19
0.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.02
0.23
†
0.12
0.01
†
1.13
1.27
0.13
0.01
11.74
–
1.45
0.17
0.69
0.18
0.22
0.36
0.06
–
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.61
0.64
16.41
38.16
13.14
25.02
3.04
Renewables
Total
0.54
0.36
6.15
7.04
0.13
2.01
0.21
0.05
0.01
0.05
†
†
0.29
2.75
0.14
0.23
0.09
0.19
0.68
2.21
0.14
0.06
0.67
0.33
0.11
0.27
0.17
0.10
0.77
0.41
0.05
0.45
0.09
1.20
0.60
8.94
†
†
0.03
0.04
†
†
†
0.08
0.01
†
0.05
†
†
†
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.17
0.01
0.09
0.06
0.11
0.11
0.38
0.45
†
7.79
†
1.43
0.37
1.13
0.04
0.10
0.04
0.15
0.01
0.36
0.01
0.09
0.28
0.08
0.02
12.36
31.71
18.04
13.67
6.97
13.63
6.48
87.79
107.90
3.15
12.01
1.61
1.77
0.65
1.00
0.62
1.44
3.95
26.19
1.38
2.19
1.54
1.10
8.70
12.11
1.00
0.97
5.86
3.37
1.93
4.01
0.93
1.33
4.97
2.20
1.08
6.29
3.31
6.89
5.97
77.15
0.62
0.98
3.11
28.31
1.40
1.87
0.82
37.12
12.03
2.06
1.05
1.51
1.37
1.71
10.56
4.19
1.96
36.44
2.30
3.65
0.88
4.90
6.86
18.58
5.57
1.59
145.46
0.93
31.98
7.63
17.03
4.11
0.84
3.47
1.82
3.42
11.79
0.33
4.82
5.12
4.09
3.25
253.25
556.63
217.11
339.52
55.74
*In this review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity.
Energy from all sources of non-fossil power generation is accounted for on an input-equivalent basis. See the appendix or bp.com/statisticalreview for more details on this methodology.
†Less than 0.005.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
11
World consumption
Shares of global primary energy
Exajoules
Percentage
600
Renewables
Hydroelectricity
Nuclear energy
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Oil
Coal
Natural gas
Hydroelectricity
Nuclear energy
Renewables
50
500
40
400
30
300
20
200
10
100
95
00
05
10
15
20
0
Primary energy consumption decreased by 4.5% last year, the first decline in
energy consumption since 2009. The decline was driven largely by oil (-9.7%),
which accounted for almost three quarters of the decrease. Consumption for all
fuels decreased, apart from renewables (+9.7%) and hydro (+1.0%). Consumption
fell across all the regions, with the largest declines in North America (-8.0%) and
Europe (-7.8%). The lowest decrease was in Asia-Pacific (-1.6%) due to the growth
in China (+2.1%), the only major country where energy consumption increased in
2020. In the other regions, the decline in consumption ranged between -7.8%
in South and Central America to -3.1% in the Middle East.
95
00
05
10
15
20
0
Oil continues to hold the largest share of the energy mix (31.2%). Coal is the
second largest fuel in 2020, accounting for 27.2% of total primary energy
consumption, a slight increase from 27.1% in the previous year. The share
of both natural gas and renewables rose to record highs of 24.7% and 5.7%
respectively. Renewables has now overtaken nuclear which makes up only
4.3% of the energy mix. Hydro’s share of energy increased by 0.4 percentage
points last year to 6.9%, the first increase since 2014.
Regional consumption pattern 2020
Percentage
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
0
Oil remains the dominant fuel in Africa, Europe and the Americas, while natural gas dominates in CIS and the Middle East, accounting for more than half of the energy mix
in both regions. Coal is the dominant fuel in the Asia Pacific region. In 2020 coal’s share of primary energy fell to its lowest level in our data series in North America and
Europe to 12% and 9%, respectively.
12
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Primary energy: Consumption per capita*
Growth rate per annum
Gigajoules per capita
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
388.8
64.1
300.7
248.2
79.1
56.0
77.9
31.8
36.8
28.0
633.9
118.2
35.1
54.9
175.7
252.6
174.3
242.8
169.4
169.6
123.1
99.8
122.6
245.5
354.0
109.1
101.7
69.4
129.5
229.8
157.4
62.2
111.3
140.5
106.7
134.4
51.9
115.6
137.5
195.1
176.6
66.0
33.4
152.1
118.2
48.8
135.0
472.6
284.9
646.7
318.6
409.2
39.6
135.3
43.9
39.2
21.6
102.7
6.2
15.4
240.5
6.1
76.2
166.0
18.2
26.5
164.2
118.8
188.9
14.8
13.0
559.5
218.3
11.7
205.5
65.3
21.3
11.6
50.7
72.6
182.1
47.8
148.1
398.9
66.2
295.4
245.7
80.7
58.0
83.8
32.5
38.4
30.7
618.8
119.1
35.8
56.5
163.7
234.2
169.8
225.8
161.9
163.3
121.2
97.2
119.6
234.4
354.3
109.8
97.3
71.7
126.8
225.2
147.6
65.5
115.6
131.6
104.5
130.9
57.0
115.1
153.6
201.2
192.7
67.4
35.3
157.5
122.1
50.0
135.6
458.7
289.8
686.1
324.9
410.7
36.7
138.2
45.6
39.1
22.4
99.9
6.0
15.0
243.3
6.6
81.8
169.2
19.0
28.1
155.8
121.1
187.9
14.4
13.0
567.1
227.5
12.2
203.1
67.5
24.0
11.3
52.9
73.5
179.0
49.7
143.4
395.5
65.7
285.4
238.4
82.9
58.5
84.9
34.5
39.9
31.4
605.3
122.8
35.8
57.4
170.7
223.0
168.5
218.5
161.0
165.1
114.5
90.9
115.6
225.9
386.3
106.6
89.3
69.4
126.1
236.6
153.8
68.4
113.7
132.1
100.1
129.9
58.0
124.3
158.7
201.3
206.4
65.4
36.2
158.1
121.9
51.2
139.3
451.1
293.5
726.4
334.0
423.2
34.3
140.6
48.9
40.2
22.4
96.9
6.2
15.2
236.5
6.9
84.6
161.7
19.8
29.5
154.9
128.3
187.1
13.2
13.2
558.3
228.5
12.2
201.3
71.8
24.9
11.7
54.0
73.6
176.1
50.7
141.4
400.7
65.1
290.9
242.1
85.2
60.2
84.9
34.4
40.6
31.7
612.4
122.7
35.4
58.3
168.5
227.6
165.0
218.8
161.7
169.3
107.8
86.5
109.7
218.5
358.0
107.1
98.1
64.8
119.7
220.3
155.9
66.7
108.0
130.5
101.3
128.2
58.8
109.5
157.1
198.5
180.0
65.4
34.0
154.7
124.8
53.1
127.3
438.6
304.9
740.3
325.5
443.9
32.5
141.4
50.7
39.0
22.7
95.7
6.4
15.2
235.9
7.1
87.2
165.1
20.3
30.0
153.7
132.5
186.2
14.0
13.9
561.8
227.8
12.3
204.7
72.7
25.9
11.3
55.1
74.1
176.6
51.3
140.0
398.0
64.0
291.8
242.0
84.2
61.1
82.4
35.8
42.0
32.2
605.4
115.7
35.0
58.1
160.4
210.2
161.3
210.1
154.1
161.6
101.8
86.6
103.3
205.7
363.9
103.3
100.6
67.5
117.9
217.5
146.8
67.7
95.9
122.1
98.2
122.8
59.2
113.1
157.6
198.5
183.1
66.4
34.4
154.8
128.9
49.0
123.2
425.9
283.8
759.6
339.4
438.2
31.8
143.6
54.2
38.1
22.7
95.3
6.7
15.4
234.8
7.3
89.2
160.2
21.4
27.5
149.9
131.9
192.6
14.2
14.4
570.5
228.6
13.0
208.7
74.3
28.1
12.0
55.9
73.9
174.0
51.8
134.8
395.9
63.1
287.0
238.2
84.9
59.7
83.2
35.7
41.2
33.3
584.0
114.1
36.1
57.7
159.5
211.9
158.0
207.9
154.4
163.8
103.3
91.5
106.0
208.0
364.4
104.5
99.2
68.2
119.8
222.6
142.0
72.9
79.9
122.7
100.6
123.5
64.0
102.7
156.1
194.7
215.3
62.4
33.7
152.0
126.5
47.3
128.0
420.9
283.1
829.6
341.1
481.9
29.5
145.2
56.0
38.0
22.8
91.9
6.7
15.3
237.0
8.4
89.9
163.5
21.9
27.4
147.9
132.0
192.3
14.6
15.5
599.5
231.2
13.9
208.0
75.8
30.9
12.4
56.4
73.8
173.4
51.9
136.3
387.7
63.1
284.7
235.9
83.5
57.7
86.2
37.1
40.3
35.1
515.4
100.2
37.6
56.3
163.5
227.1
155.6
210.9
151.3
165.7
101.7
93.8
106.3
211.3
364.5
109.3
106.3
68.6
121.0
217.3
132.3
75.3
83.9
120.5
103.3
124.7
62.6
102.1
152.9
198.4
209.5
58.7
33.5
153.0
130.8
52.8
128.1
408.3
270.2
783.2
337.7
495.9
29.0
146.7
54.8
39.1
22.7
94.8
6.6
15.3
234.8
8.4
91.0
166.5
22.6
27.4
146.4
137.1
191.7
15.6
16.7
615.3
235.9
14.7
207.6
77.1
33.0
13.3
57.1
73.9
173.1
52.3
137.7
387.8
63.3
283.8
235.1
82.9
57.9
85.5
37.1
40.9
35.4
544.4
99.5
37.0
56.2
166.0
228.2
162.0
205.7
149.8
166.7
107.1
98.7
107.5
207.5
362.9
113.7
103.8
70.4
122.5
222.8
131.4
78.6
78.5
119.3
105.4
125.5
60.7
104.0
162.6
199.3
203.9
57.9
34.3
153.7
133.8
50.8
131.7
406.1
278.7
740.8
330.2
490.6
29.0
146.2
54.2
39.4
23.5
92.9
6.8
15.3
230.5
8.6
93.5
177.0
23.3
28.2
148.3
137.2
193.2
16.2
18.1
628.8
240.1
15.5
208.0
78.2
35.0
13.4
58.3
74.4
173.6
52.9
139.2
389.4
62.1
292.4
240.5
80.9
57.8
87.8
37.3
42.5
36.7
513.1
85.6
37.5
55.4
160.8
225.3
161.2
209.5
152.1
161.6
107.6
99.6
108.4
206.8
356.2
115.1
105.8
72.2
124.0
216.6
132.3
76.4
81.8
118.4
107.3
125.3
61.9
113.2
176.8
206.6
223.4
59.0
36.9
160.0
139.6
52.0
129.9
398.4
283.9
639.7
315.9
476.7
28.0
144.5
57.2
39.2
24.0
88.2
7.0
15.3
228.8
9.1
96.4
176.6
24.5
30.1
147.8
137.3
191.1
16.4
18.3
626.3
242.9
16.3
210.4
79.6
39.0
13.4
59.8
75.5
175.3
54.0
139.0
386.3
59.2
288.4
236.6
75.5
58.9
88.9
37.9
42.8
36.5
509.5
68.4
37.6
54.4
167.2
231.2
158.9
203.4
148.5
156.3
113.9
101.2
106.5
205.4
330.6
111.8
100.9
71.1
119.7
223.4
136.9
78.0
77.7
114.4
105.8
123.1
64.5
111.5
169.8
204.9
240.1
58.2
35.3
158.4
144.4
55.9
132.5
396.6
279.5
679.7
311.7
466.0
28.6
146.2
58.1
38.5
25.9
88.9
6.9
15.2
233.2
10.1
99.1
166.9
24.8
32.0
144.8
138.7
194.4
16.2
18.6
607.8
239.1
16.8
206.2
79.2
43.2
17.1
60.9
75.4
172.7
54.6
136.5
361.1
50.2
265.2
216.8
69.7
56.5
84.1
34.7
36.6
30.2
445.7
50.7
33.8
49.9
153.6
189.0
143.6
197.9
133.3
144.6
96.0
100.2
97.0
196.8
356.0
106.0
91.5
69.2
106.3
217.8
124.5
74.6
75.8
101.6
96.8
113.6
61.3
103.9
165.4
194.0
232.7
56.0
35.4
150.4
143.2
51.3
121.0
352.9
268.2
594.2
303.3
423.7
27.6
139.6
52.4
35.6
23.8
82.7
6.2
13.9
218.4
9.7
101.1
123.9
23.2
27.9
134.7
127.1
174.3
15.7
16.7
583.9
229.9
15.3
202.3
73.3
42.0
17.0
59.6
71.4
159.1
52.8
125.2
-6.8%
-15.4%
-8.3%
-8.6%
-8.0%
-4.3%
-5.7%
-8.6%
-14.9%
-17.3%
-12.8%
-26.0%
-10.3%
-8.6%
-8.4%
-18.4%
-9.9%
-3.0%
-10.5%
-7.8%
-16.0%
-1.2%
-9.2%
-4.5%
7.4%
-5.4%
-9.6%
-2.9%
-11.4%
-2.8%
-9.3%
-4.6%
-2.8%
-11.5%
-8.7%
-8.0%
-5.2%
-7.0%
-2.8%
-5.6%
-3.3%
-4.2%
0.1%
-5.3%
-1.1%
-8.4%
-8.9%
-11.3%
-4.3%
-12.8%
-2.9%
-9.3%
-3.7%
-4.7%
-10.1%
-7.6%
-8.2%
-7.3%
-9.4%
-9.0%
-6.6%
-4.1%
1.7%
-25.9%
-6.8%
-13.0%
-7.3%
-8.6%
-10.6%
-3.4%
-10.9%
-4.2%
-4.1%
-9.2%
-2.1%
-7.6%
-3.0%
-1.2%
-2.3%
-5.5%
-8.1%
-3.6%
-8.5%
-0.1%
-0.6%
-0.2%
-0.3%
-0.2%
1.4%
1.3%
2.2%
2.4%
4.0%
-1.5%
-5.8%
0.8%
0.4%
-0.2%
-0.3%
-0.6%
-1.0%
-1.1%
-0.4%
-1.2%
0.3%
-1.1%
-1.2%
-1.2%
0.9%
0.4%
0.4%
-0.6%
0.2%
-1.8%
2.7%
-2.8%
-1.9%
0.3%
-0.6%
1.9%
0.2%
2.7%
0.9%
3.7%
-1.4%
0.6%
0.8%
2.1%
1.7%
0.2%
-1.0%
1.0%
0.9%
0.5%
1.0%
-3.4%
1.2%
2.4%
0.1%
2.8%
-1.5%
1.3%
-0.1%
-0.6%
5.2%
3.3%
0.4%
3.5%
2.7%
-0.6%
1.7%
0.4%
0.8%
3.8%
1.2%
1.7%
4.3%
0.7%
2.5%
8.6%
4.9%
2.4%
0.7%
-0.2%
1.8%
-0.5%
*In this review, primary energy comprises commercially traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity.
Energy from all sources of non-fossil power generation is accounted for on an input-equivalent basis. See the appendix or bp.com/statisticalreview for more details on this methodology.
Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
13
Energy per capita by region
S. & Cent. America
Africa
North America
Middle East
Gigajoules per head
CIS
World
Europe
Asia Pacific
300
250
200
150
100
50
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0
20
Average global energy consumption per capita decreased by 5.5% in 2020 to 71.4 GJ/head, driven by declines in North America (-8.6%) and Europe (-8%). Energy
demand per head fell in all other regions. North America is the region with the highest consumption per capita (217 GJ/head), followed by CIS (150 GJ/head) and the
Middle East (140 GJ/head). Africa remains the region with the lowest average consumption (14 GJ/head).
Energy per capita: Distribution across countries
Cumulative
share of world
population
%
2020
2000
1980
100
80
60
40
20
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Energy per capita (GJ/head)
In 2020 63.7% of the global population lived in countries where average energy demand per capita was less than 100 GJ/head, a significant decrease from 81% in 2019,
as energy demand per capita in China increased to 101 GJ/head from 99 GJ/head in 2019. The share of the global population consuming less than 75 GJ/head increased
from 57% in 2019 to 60.6% last year.
14
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
0
CO2
Carbon
Carbon dioxide emissions
Growth rate per annum
Million tonnes of carbon dioxide
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
550.1
454.8
5495.0
6499.9
168.8
403.1
76.1
73.4
33.1
40.8
26.1
180.6
196.3
1198.5
67.8
133.5
116.5
63.9
360.4
783.2
94.6
48.7
397.1
226.5
38.6
323.8
51.5
78.2
300.1
56.9
42.1
276.3
287.9
530.0
399.8
4677.5
27.4
60.2
183.9
1526.6
55.1
104.6
23.1
1980.9
537.5
113.7
71.6
87.8
51.6
61.9
472.0
215.7
153.9
1765.6
104.4
186.8
49.1
474.9
356.4
1171.6
396.5
50.6
8145.8
88.3
1652.1
446.5
1197.9
215.3
34.8
145.7
80.5
185.3
578.9
13.1
273.2
248.7
123.1
120.9
13997.5
31291.4
13046.1
18245.3
3386.4
554.7
473.0
5348.4
6376.1
174.8
427.2
87.0
70.5
33.8
45.4
26.0
185.6
203.8
1254.1
64.7
120.6
113.1
56.6
333.8
763.7
94.5
48.7
388.5
219.4
38.4
324.0
51.4
85.1
308.5
52.0
40.1
298.8
302.5
495.2
400.7
4600.4
30.7
57.0
208.5
1591.1
60.9
109.6
24.6
2082.3
549.8
123.0
72.9
89.4
54.0
69.8
499.8
222.6
146.8
1828.1
107.7
188.3
52.9
466.3
346.8
1162.0
400.7
56.5
8827.2
92.0
1730.0
488.3
1206.1
216.2
34.7
144.1
81.3
192.7
604.5
14.8
278.1
253.5
136.1
112.6
14869.5
32172.5
12857.6
19314.9
3300.3
551.1
476.7
5101.5
6129.4
183.7
445.7
89.4
79.0
35.2
46.4
25.5
200.2
203.1
1308.2
62.2
116.2
109.3
50.8
335.3
773.0
88.2
44.6
371.0
212.2
38.1
308.1
50.7
81.7
306.3
49.1
41.4
314.4
299.1
512.5
377.0
4541.3
30.8
58.5
218.4
1605.0
66.6
109.7
26.6
2115.7
557.2
134.6
79.0
92.4
60.1
79.9
525.0
233.9
139.1
1901.2
115.8
198.6
53.9
462.1
368.0
1198.4
393.1
60.4
9004.2
88.7
1844.5
529.0
1292.1
229.3
36.3
145.7
83.8
192.0
601.3
16.1
272.0
270.6
134.0
116.8
15309.8
32504.0
12667.9
19836.1
3218.7
564.6
483.2
5268.3
6316.1
189.4
485.8
91.2
82.3
38.1
47.3
26.3
203.1
201.5
1365.0
62.9
117.4
105.0
51.9
334.8
797.6
79.2
42.2
341.5
208.3
37.0
310.5
49.4
69.9
274.8
48.2
43.6
303.3
286.1
500.8
370.4
4434.7
31.1
58.2
220.8
1581.1
62.8
113.9
25.5
2093.5
569.2
146.4
69.3
97.7
70.3
90.1
539.5
249.9
134.7
1967.1
133.3
201.8
54.3
463.3
375.0
1227.8
391.3
62.7
9247.4
91.5
1930.2
538.6
1279.8
239.5
35.7
146.7
92.1
191.7
608.0
14.0
273.8
274.8
140.2
108.9
15667.0
33071.2
12767.2
20303.9
3147.0
571.8
471.2
5277.6
6320.5
189.5
508.0
88.5
87.3
40.4
48.4
25.4
194.5
203.7
1385.7
58.6
108.9
102.0
47.6
301.4
751.2
75.6
41.3
318.9
197.6
36.2
293.4
49.6
71.2
272.2
46.1
38.7
335.2
247.3
458.8
352.2
4204.1
31.7
57.3
223.8
1579.2
64.5
116.7
27.4
2100.5
583.4
143.7
66.7
99.5
70.3
97.9
574.6
245.7
134.3
2016.1
142.1
207.5
56.5
467.7
389.8
1263.6
396.4
65.4
9293.2
89.7
2083.8
487.6
1246.5
249.4
35.8
153.3
97.7
191.1
602.8
17.3
281.1
281.6
156.7
120.8
15850.1
33140.7
12553.9
20586.7
2982.4
570.2
475.2
5165.6
6211.0
192.8
490.7
89.0
88.3
39.6
50.8
24.5
192.2
214.0
1381.9
60.7
115.3
102.8
44.8
307.4
755.7
73.3
43.9
334.5
206.9
36.3
293.4
53.1
72.0
288.0
46.4
39.5
340.7
195.4
440.5
361.9
4212.4
34.1
53.1
222.2
1549.5
75.2
110.7
28.6
2073.4
576.9
148.1
69.8
100.1
73.5
112.3
592.4
267.9
123.8
2064.8
148.4
210.9
56.7
455.5
402.8
1274.4
405.4
78.1
9279.7
90.5
2151.9
502.6
1207.1
253.7
36.6
160.9
106.7
202.8
609.4
17.9
281.4
289.7
185.5
128.5
15988.3
33206.1
12473.1
20733.1
3045.6
553.3
480.4
5060.8
6094.5
191.5
454.1
94.2
92.7
37.7
55.3
22.6
169.8
221.8
1339.7
61.6
117.0
104.8
47.7
313.0
770.5
69.9
45.0
331.3
210.0
35.1
306.2
52.5
69.6
280.7
46.6
38.0
359.1
215.8
416.4
370.1
4260.8
33.6
53.5
216.9
1567.0
74.5
105.8
29.2
2080.4
605.3
167.4
69.1
100.5
74.6
110.0
605.3
278.2
121.4
2131.8
147.2
219.5
57.0
474.4
408.1
1306.2
403.2
79.2
9279.0
92.7
2243.2
502.3
1190.0
258.3
35.7
176.6
116.8
217.1
614.5
20.3
283.9
296.4
198.1
141.0
16148.5
33361.9
12377.7
20984.2
3077.2
565.9
486.1
5003.2
6055.2
189.7
460.6
92.5
86.7
36.4
54.2
21.8
162.4
218.4
1322.7
64.5
118.9
102.7
45.0
317.7
761.0
74.0
46.9
335.3
202.9
34.6
315.6
57.3
73.0
298.4
45.7
38.8
397.2
188.4
404.0
378.8
4300.5
32.4
54.5
232.2
1548.6
73.5
105.0
29.4
2075.6
616.1
165.6
71.0
101.7
79.5
106.0
599.6
280.3
124.2
2143.9
149.4
222.0
60.0
470.1
426.4
1327.9
400.7
83.1
9466.4
98.9
2324.7
526.9
1181.4
247.4
37.8
190.4
129.1
229.0
631.1
21.7
292.5
297.1
199.5
143.4
16501.1
33726.9
12396.3
21330.6
3115.3
576.2
477.1
5166.0
6219.4
187.5
445.5
93.1
88.6
38.8
56.9
21.1
138.3
224.0
1293.8
62.2
125.5
101.7
46.5
306.7
734.5
72.1
47.5
335.9
198.7
35.1
320.3
54.3
73.4
291.3
44.7
37.2
390.9
199.0
397.8
375.7
4251.0
34.0
59.3
255.3
1606.0
80.6
111.3
33.2
2179.7
653.7
170.9
69.8
101.7
81.4
92.7
581.3
275.2
120.3
2146.9
156.7
222.9
61.6
451.9
449.7
1342.7
396.6
89.3
9652.7
99.5
2449.4
575.3
1158.4
255.0
37.7
198.3
134.0
225.4
646.4
21.4
290.5
299.6
241.0
147.2
16917.6
34351.1
12494.8
21856.3
3070.5
578.0
459.8
5029.4
6067.1
175.8
444.9
94.7
94.9
37.5
56.7
21.1
112.3
236.5
1274.5
63.7
121.7
98.5
43.4
299.0
681.5
76.7
47.5
330.3
194.1
33.9
301.5
50.7
71.6
271.0
47.2
38.2
385.5
185.6
380.2
369.7
4091.3
35.9
58.6
246.3
1595.7
87.2
110.7
31.3
2165.6
674.7
181.5
72.1
101.5
82.9
101.8
579.6
272.0
124.1
2190.2
160.9
222.1
67.7
462.4
451.4
1364.5
401.0
100.6
9810.5
94.7
2471.9
624.5
1117.7
263.0
39.4
197.4
140.9
217.2
623.2
23.3
284.9
294.3
292.1
206.7
17203.3
34356.6
12140.1
22216.5
2936.7
517.7
373.2
4457.2
5348.1
164.1
417.5
87.7
92.7
30.7
44.6
18.6
88.5
213.3
1157.7
55.3
88.8
85.1
39.0
251.1
604.9
58.2
45.7
287.2
175.9
32.0
279.6
41.3
66.3
220.4
45.4
32.4
369.5
177.4
319.4
321.9
3596.8
34.1
54.6
241.0
1482.2
86.2
108.2
33.1
2039.5
678.2
170.0
64.5
91.6
80.4
87.7
570.8
245.9
121.1
2110.1
148.6
204.3
62.8
434.5
403.8
1254.0
372.3
98.0
9899.3
68.2
2302.3
545.4
1027.0
256.0
34.1
196.0
127.4
211.0
577.8
20.8
275.9
277.1
283.9
205.2
16778.0
32284.1
10778.1
21506.0
2550.9
-10.7%
-19.0%
-11.6%
-12.1%
-6.9%
-6.4%
-7.6%
-2.6%
-18.4%
-21.6%
-12.4%
-21.4%
-10.1%
-9.4%
-13.5%
-27.2%
-13.8%
-10.3%
-16.2%
-11.5%
-24.3%
-3.9%
-13.3%
-9.6%
-5.8%
-7.5%
-18.8%
-7.7%
-18.9%
-4.0%
-15.3%
-4.4%
-4.7%
-16.2%
-13.2%
-12.3%
-5.3%
-7.0%
-2.4%
-7.4%
-1.4%
-2.5%
5.4%
-6.1%
0.2%
-6.6%
-10.8%
-10.0%
-3.2%
-14.2%
-1.8%
-9.8%
-2.7%
-3.9%
-7.9%
-8.2%
-7.6%
-6.3%
-10.8%
-8.4%
-7.4%
-2.9%
0.6%
-28.2%
-7.1%
-12.9%
-8.4%
-2.9%
-13.6%
-1.0%
-9.8%
-3.1%
-7.5%
-10.8%
-3.4%
-6.1%
-3.1%
-1.0%
-2.7%
-6.3%
-11.5%
-3.5%
-13.4%
0.8%
0.1%
-0.5%
-0.4%
0.9%
2.2%
2.4%
3.4%
2.6%
4.9%
-1.1%
-4.8%
2.0%
1.3%
◆
-0.2%
-1.4%
-2.5%
-1.7%
-1.0%
-2.9%
-0.2%
-1.7%
-1.1%
-0.9%
-0.1%
-1.2%
-1.2%
-1.5%
-1.2%
-1.5%
3.4%
-3.8%
-3.0%
-0.5%
-1.1%
2.2%
0.3%
3.6%
0.7%
5.4%
0.4%
2.9%
1.2%
2.5%
5.5%
0.5%
2.8%
6.4%
5.6%
3.1%
2.8%
-2.3%
2.7%
4.2%
2.3%
4.1%
-0.3%
3.0%
1.8%
-0.1%
7.4%
2.4%
0.9%
4.5%
4.5%
-0.1%
3.1%
1.2%
3.1%
6.5%
2.1%
1.8%
5.8%
1.2%
2.2%
10.9%
6.1%
2.6%
1.4%
-0.4%
2.5%
-1.2%
Share
2020
1.6%
1.2%
13.8%
16.6%
0.5%
1.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.7%
3.6%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.8%
1.9%
0.2%
0.1%
0.9%
0.5%
0.1%
0.9%
0.1%
0.2%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
1.1%
0.5%
1.0%
1.0%
11.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.7%
4.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
6.3%
2.1%
0.5%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
1.8%
0.8%
0.4%
6.5%
0.5%
0.6%
0.2%
1.3%
1.3%
3.9%
1.2%
0.3%
30.7%
0.2%
7.1%
1.7%
3.2%
0.8%
0.1%
0.6%
0.4%
0.7%
1.8%
0.1%
0.9%
0.9%
0.9%
0.6%
52.0%
100.0%
33.4%
66.6%
7.9%
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Notes: The carbon emissions above reflect only those through consumption of oil, gas and coal for combustion related activities and natural gas flaring, and are based on ‘Default CO2 Emissions
Factors for Combustion’ listed by the IPCC in its Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006). This does not allow for any carbon that is sequestered, for other sources of carbon
emissions, or for emissions of other greenhouse gases. Our data is therefore not comparable to official national emissions data.
Separate data for gas flaring and associated carbon emissions are available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
15
Oil
Total proved reserves
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Italy
Norway
Romania
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union
Canadian oil sands: Total
of which: Under active development
Venezuela: Orinoco Belt
At end 2000
Thousand
million
barrels
At end 2010
Thousand
million
barrels
At end 2019
Thousand
million
barrels
Thousand
million
barrels
181.5
24.6
30.4
236.5
3.0
8.5
2.0
2.7
0.9
0.9
76.8
1.3
96.0
1.1
0.6
11.4
1.2
4.7
2.1
21.0
1.2
5.4
112.1
0.5
0.6
0.3
120.1
99.5
112.5
96.5
5.8
16.9
262.8
2.3
97.8
2.4
0.2
696.7
11.3
6.0
0.9
1.5
3.6
0.8
2.4
36.0
29.0
n/a
0.3
0.4
0.7
92.9
4.9
1.2
15.2
5.3
5.1
2.1
0.5
2.0
1.3
37.7
1300.9
262.7
1038.2
833.0
468.0
3.9
174.9
11.7
–
174.8
10.4
35.0
220.3
2.5
14.2
1.9
2.1
1.2
0.8
296.5
0.8
320.1
0.9
0.6
6.8
0.6
2.8
1.9
13.6
7.0
30.0
105.8
0.6
0.6
0.3
144.2
151.2
115.0
101.5
5.5
24.7
264.5
2.5
97.8
3.0
0.3
765.9
12.2
9.1
1.5
2.0
4.5
1.7
2.0
47.1
37.2
n/a
5.0
0.4
2.3
124.9
3.8
1.1
23.3
5.8
4.2
3.6
0.4
4.4
1.1
47.8
1636.9
238.5
1398.3
1137.7
499.1
3.2
169.2
25.9
220.0
169.1
6.1
68.8
243.9
2.5
12.7
2.0
1.3
0.8
0.2
303.8
0.7
324.0
0.4
0.6
8.5
0.6
2.5
1.6
14.2
7.0
30.0
107.8
0.6
0.6
0.3
146.2
157.8
145.0
101.5
5.4
25.2
297.6
2.5
97.8
3.0
0.2
836.0
12.2
7.8
1.5
2.9
3.1
1.1
2.0
48.4
36.9
3.5
1.5
0.4
3.7
125.0
2.4
1.1
26.0
4.7
2.5
2.7
0.3
4.4
1.4
45.3
1734.8
261.5
1473.3
1214.7
520.1
2.4
162.4
19.9
261.8
168.1
6.1
68.8
242.9
2.5
11.9
2.0
1.3
0.7
0.2
303.8
0.8
323.4
0.4
0.6
7.9
0.6
2.5
1.6
13.6
7.0
30.0
107.8
0.6
0.6
0.3
146.2
157.8
145.0
101.5
5.4
25.2
297.5
2.5
97.8
3.0
0.2
835.9
12.2
7.8
1.5
2.9
3.1
1.1
2.0
48.4
36.9
3.5
1.5
0.4
3.8
125.1
2.4
1.1
26.0
4.5
2.4
2.7
0.3
4.4
1.3
45.2
1732.4
260.0
1472.4
1214.7
517.7
2.4
161.4
18.9
261.8
At end 2020
Thousand
million
Share
tonnes
of total
27.1
0.9
8.2
36.1
0.3
1.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
†
48.0
0.1
50.8
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.2
1.8
1.0
3.9
14.8
0.1
0.1
†
19.9
21.7
19.6
14.0
0.7
2.6
40.9
0.3
13.0
0.4
†
113.2
1.5
1.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.3
6.3
5.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.5
16.6
0.3
0.1
3.5
0.6
0.3
0.4
†
0.6
0.2
6.1
244.4
38.3
206.1
171.8
72.6
0.3
26.2
3.1
42.0
9.7%
0.4%
4.0%
14.0%
0.1%
0.7%
0.1%
0.1%
◆
◆
17.5%
◆
18.7%
◆
◆
0.5%
◆
0.1%
0.1%
0.8%
0.4%
1.7%
6.2%
◆
◆
◆
8.4%
9.1%
8.4%
5.9%
0.3%
1.5%
17.2%
0.1%
5.6%
0.2%
◆
48.3%
0.7%
0.4%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
2.8%
2.1%
0.2%
0.1%
◆
0.2%
7.2%
0.1%
0.1%
1.5%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
◆
0.3%
0.1%
2.6%
100.0%
15.0%
85.0%
70.1%
29.9%
0.1%
9.3%
1.1%
15.1%
R/P
ratio
89.4
8.7
11.4
28.2
11.3
10.8
7.1
7.4
15.5
8.7
*
10.9
151.3
16.2
14.7
10.8
22.7
6.6
14.9
10.4
26.7
45.3
27.6
7.6
34.7
17.3
29.6
139.8
96.3
103.2
15.4
38.1
73.6
158.8
73.1
86.7
2.6
82.6
25.0
16.1
32.5
25.7
14.0
18.7
26.4
339.2
56.1
56.4
47.9
32.7
33.2
49.8
13.9
27.3
18.2
16.1
9.0
12.5
1.7
58.1
17.4
16.6
53.5
25.2
66.9
108.3
24.5
16.8
Source of data – the estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources, third-party data from the OPEC Secretariat, World Oil, Oil & Gas Journal and
Chinese reserves based on official data and information in the public domain.
†Less than 0.05.
Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
*More than 500 years.
Notes: Total proved reserves of oil – generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from
known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved oil reserves does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for
determining proved reserves at company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent bp’s view of proved reserves by country.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – if the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves
would last if production were to continue at that rate.
Canadian oil sands ‘under active development’ are an official estimate. Venezuelan Orinoco Belt reserves are based on the OPEC Secretariat and government announcements.
Reserves and R/P ratio for Canada includes Canadian oil sands. Reserves and R/P ratio for Venezuela includes the Orinoco Belt. Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves include NGLs from 2017.
Reserves include gas condensate and natural gas liquids (NGLs) as well as crude oil.
Shares of total and R/P ratios are calculated using thousand million barrels figures.
◆
16
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years
History
2020 by region
150
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe
CIS
Middle
East
Africa
Asia
Pacific
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
150
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
World
120
120
90
90
60
60
30
30
0
90
95
00
05
10
15
20
0
Global proved oil reserves were 1732 billion barrels at the end of 2020, down 2 billion barrels versus 2019. The global R/P ratio shows that oil reserves in 2020 accounted
for over 50 years of current production. OPEC holds 70.2% of global reserves. The top countries in terms of reserves are Venezuela (17.5% of global reserves), closely
followed by Saudi Arabia (17.2%) and Canada (9.7%).
Distribution of proved reserves in 2000, 2010 and 2020
Percentage
Middle East
S. & Cent. America
North America
CIS
Africa
Asia Pacific
Europe
0.8
2.6
48.3
7.2
0.8
2.9
46.8
8.4
7.2
1.6
2.9
53.6
2020
Total 1732.4
thousand million
barrels
8.8
7.1
2010
Total 1636.9
thousand million
barrels
9.2
2000
Total 1300.9
thousand million
barrels
14.0
13.5
18.2
7.4
19.6
18.7
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
17
Oil: Production in thousands of barrels per day*
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Italy
Norway
Romania
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
3332
2959
7559
13850
712
2125
786
488
165
145
2842
144
7407
249
106
2139
90
1358
342
4284
1037
1676
10379
226
78
36
13431
4421
2469
2564
865
1630
9865
385
2937
306
192
25634
1689
1812
122
314
725
306
233
1799
2533
n/a
462
83
149
10227
550
172
4077
901
1003
733
393
312
318
8459
83293
19341
63952
33784
49509
626
3515
2940
7883
14338
667
2173
915
501
159
136
2755
144
7450
225
110
2040
89
1114
336
3913
932
1684
10533
234
77
36
13496
4452
2773
2918
885
1824
11079
353
3300
220
201
28007
1642
1670
114
301
714
301
236
516
2461
n/a
291
77
198
8520
483
165
4074
937
952
659
429
316
302
8318
84042
19513
64529
34404
49638
600
3740
2911
8929
15580
657
2132
944
505
157
117
2704
147
7362
204
112
1917
83
947
336
3600
882
1664
10656
244
68
35
13549
3810
3079
3173
918
1928
11622
171
3425
178
184
28487
1537
1734
101
280
715
320
221
1539
2412
31
103
82
196
9270
479
159
4155
926
917
663
471
347
291
8407
86255
20464
65791
35853
50402
572
4000
2875
10100
16975
644
2096
1010
527
171
116
2680
152
7397
178
114
1838
86
865
344
3426
888
1737
10807
256
63
35
13786
3609
3099
3134
942
1991
11393
59
3566
197
208
28199
1485
1738
91
243
710
282
213
1048
2279
100
118
76
225
8607
407
135
4216
926
883
627
466
346
274
8281
86670
21669
65001
34769
51901
560
4271
2784
11804
18859
638
2341
990
557
175
114
2692
155
7662
167
120
1886
84
854
339
3450
861
1710
10927
263
61
35
13857
3714
3239
3106
943
1975
11519
33
3603
153
214
28498
1589
1701
89
253
714
284
211
518
2276
155
120
71
231
8213
436
126
4246
905
847
649
464
325
296
8295
88834
23600
65235
34706
54129
552
4388
2587
12789
19763
646
2525
1006
543
153
109
2631
146
7758
158
113
1946
83
964
331
3596
851
1695
11087
271
59
36
13998
3853
3986
3069
981
1933
11998
27
3898
63
213
30021
1558
1796
111
234
726
260
214
437
2201
148
109
64
262
8118
384
127
4309
893
838
696
481
352
298
8377
91632
24616
67015
36134
55498
535
4464
2456
12361
19280
610
2591
886
548
141
97
2347
135
7355
142
78
1997
79
1015
313
3623
838
1655
11342
270
58
36
14199
4578
4423
3150
1004
1938
12406
25
4038
43
214
31818
1577
1745
117
232
691
223
221
412
1900
137
104
60
255
7672
359
121
3999
874
876
726
489
317
281
8041
91989
24019
67969
37251
54738
471
4813
2224
13154
20192
590
2721
854
531
136
99
2096
133
7160
138
86
1971
76
1005
303
3579
793
1838
11374
271
61
37
14374
4854
4538
3009
971
1882
11892
25
3910
71
208
31359
1540
1671
98
270
660
195
210
929
1969
147
95
48
300
8134
327
113
3846
885
838
718
486
284
273
7771
92568
24828
67741
37084
55484
465
5244
2068
15334
22646
591
2679
865
517
139
87
1475
128
6481
116
97
1851
75
1092
308
3538
796
1904
11562
260
64
38
14624
4608
4632
3050
978
1898
12261
24
3912
94
207
31665
1511
1519
116
330
674
176
193
1165
2007
144
100
52
300
8288
344
112
3798
869
808
718
472
257
234
7610
94852
27258
67593
36840
58012
448
5372
1918
17072
24363
620
2876
886
531
144
82
918
148
6206
103
89
1737
75
1118
302
3424
775
1919
11679
253
62
39
14727
3399
4779
2976
971
1863
11832
34
3999
95
214
30162
1487
1420
127
336
653
160
218
1306
2102
172
98
42
331
8452
458
121
3836
830
781
663
471
236
231
7628
94961
28992
65968
34933
60028
415
5135
1910
16476
23521
600
3026
781
479
131
76
540
207
5841
72
112
2001
72
1029
292
3579
716
1811
10667
216
47
39
13496
3084
4114
2686
951
1809
11039
43
3657
95
188
27664
1332
1324
126
307
616
161
207
390
1798
170
86
36
314
6865
470
110
3901
771
743
596
418
207
210
7425
88391
28216
60175
30636
57755
394
-4.4%
-0.4%
-3.5%
-3.5%
-3.2%
5.2%
-11.8%
-9.7%
-8.8%
-7.3%
-41.2%
40.0%
-5.9%
-30.0%
26.4%
15.2%
-3.3%
-8.0%
-3.3%
4.5%
-7.6%
-5.6%
-8.7%
-14.7%
-25.1%
1.3%
-8.4%
-9.3%
-13.9%
-9.7%
-2.1%
-2.9%
-6.7%
27.8%
-8.6%
-0.1%
-12.5%
-8.3%
-10.4%
-6.8%
-0.5%
-8.8%
-5.7%
0.4%
-5.0%
-70.2%
-14.5%
-1.2%
-12.2%
-16.2%
-5.0%
-18.8%
2.5%
-9.3%
1.7%
-7.2%
-4.9%
-10.1%
-11.3%
-12.4%
-9.0%
-2.7%
-6.9%
-2.7%
-8.8%
-12.3%
-3.8%
-4.9%
2009-19
Share
2020
5.3%
5.8%
-4.3%
2.2%
8.9% 18.6%
6.1% 26.6%
-1.6%
0.7%
3.6%
3.4%
2.8%
0.9%
0.8%
0.5%
-0.8%
0.1%
-5.9%
0.1%
-11.3%
0.6%
0.9%
0.2%
-1.7%
6.6%
-9.0%
0.1%
-0.7%
0.1%
-3.0%
2.3%
-2.2%
0.1%
-2.7%
1.2%
-1.6%
0.3%
-3.0%
4.0%
-2.8%
0.8%
1.8%
2.0%
1.4% 12.1%
1.4%
0.2%
-4.1%
0.1%
◆
0.7%
1.1% 15.3%
-2.3%
3.5%
6.9%
4.7%
1.7%
3.0%
1.8%
1.1%
2.8%
2.0%
2.0% 12.5%
◆
-21.9%
3.6%
4.1%
-11.1%
0.1%
1.1%
0.2%
1.9% 31.3%
-1.8%
1.5%
-2.1%
1.5%
0.7%
0.1%
2.0%
0.3%
-1.1%
0.7%
-7.0%
0.2%
-1.0%
0.2%
-2.8%
0.4%
-0.5%
2.0%
n/a
0.2%
-14.6%
0.1%
◆
-7.4%
6.2%
0.4%
-1.6%
7.8%
-1.7%
0.5%
-3.2%
0.1%
0.1%
4.4%
-0.1%
0.9%
-2.4%
0.8%
-0.4%
0.7%
2.0%
0.5%
-3.6%
0.2%
-3.5%
0.2%
-0.6%
8.4%
1.5% 100.0%
4.2% 31.9%
0.6% 68.1%
0.5% 34.7%
2.2% 65.3%
-4.4%
0.4%
Source: includes data from FGE Iran Service.
*Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, condensates (lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining) and NGLs (natural gas liquids – ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the
production of natural gas).
Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biofuels and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. This also excludes liquid fuel adjustment factors such as refinery processing gain.
Excludes oil shales/kerogen extracted in solid form.
◆
Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
18
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Oil: Production in million tonnes*
Growth rate per annum
Million tonnes
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Italy
Norway
Romania
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
160.6
145.6
333.1
639.4
33.3
111.3
41.4
26.1
7.3
6.2
145.8
7.3
378.7
12.2
5.1
98.6
4.3
63.0
16.9
200.0
51.3
79.7
512.3
11.1
3.6
1.8
659.9
212.0
120.8
123.4
42.2
70.9
463.3
18.5
135.2
14.3
9.4
1210.1
73.8
88.9
6.4
16.0
35.0
14.5
11.6
84.6
122.1
n/a
22.8
3.9
7.4
487.0
24.6
8.4
203.0
41.3
48.6
33.1
15.2
15.3
14.0
403.5
3978.6
898.9
3079.6
1612.1
2366.5
30.5
170.1
144.5
346.1
660.7
31.2
113.8
48.2
26.8
7.0
5.9
141.5
7.3
381.7
10.9
5.3
93.4
4.2
52.0
16.7
182.5
46.1
80.1
519.5
11.5
3.6
1.8
662.5
212.5
135.8
140.9
43.2
77.7
522.7
16.9
150.5
10.2
9.9
1320.4
71.7
82.0
6.0
15.3
34.6
14.2
11.8
24.3
118.4
n/a
14.3
3.6
9.8
406.0
21.5
8.1
202.9
42.9
46.3
29.7
15.8
15.4
13.2
395.8
4009.6
906.1
3103.5
1641.7
2367.9
29.2
182.9
143.9
395.1
721.9
30.8
111.9
49.9
27.1
6.9
5.2
139.3
7.4
378.6
10.0
5.4
87.0
4.0
44.6
16.7
167.7
43.7
79.3
526.7
12.0
3.2
1.8
666.7
180.5
151.3
154.0
45.0
82.2
549.2
8.1
156.2
8.1
9.0
1343.7
67.2
85.3
5.3
14.2
34.7
15.2
11.1
72.6
116.4
1.5
5.1
3.8
9.8
442.2
21.4
7.8
207.5
42.5
44.6
30.1
17.3
17.0
12.8
400.9
4121.6
953.9
3167.8
1712.6
2409.1
28.0
195.4
141.8
448.5
785.8
30.2
109.7
53.2
28.2
7.3
5.1
137.8
7.6
379.1
8.7
5.5
82.9
4.1
40.6
17.1
159.0
43.8
82.3
532.2
12.5
2.9
1.8
675.5
169.7
151.9
151.4
46.1
84.2
538.4
2.7
162.8
9.0
10.3
1326.5
64.8
85.2
4.8
12.3
34.4
13.2
10.7
49.4
109.5
4.9
5.8
3.5
11.2
409.5
17.8
6.6
210.0
42.5
42.7
28.7
17.1
16.9
12.1
394.4
4129.8
1008.3
3121.4
1657.0
2472.8
27.4
209.8
137.1
524.5
871.4
29.8
122.5
52.2
29.8
7.5
5.1
138.5
7.8
393.1
8.1
5.8
85.0
4.1
39.9
16.9
159.8
42.5
81.1
537.4
12.9
2.8
1.8
678.4
174.0
158.8
150.2
46.2
83.5
543.8
1.5
163.4
6.9
10.5
1338.9
68.8
83.3
4.7
12.9
35.1
13.3
10.5
24.4
109.3
7.7
5.9
3.3
11.4
390.5
19.1
6.2
211.4
41.6
41.0
29.8
16.9
15.9
13.3
395.1
4227.2
1095.6
3131.5
1651.2
2575.9
27.0
216.1
127.5
567.4
911.0
30.0
132.2
53.0
29.1
6.5
4.8
135.4
7.3
398.4
7.7
5.5
87.6
4.0
45.3
16.5
166.6
42.0
80.2
544.6
13.2
2.7
1.8
684.5
180.2
195.6
148.2
48.0
81.2
568.0
1.2
176.1
2.6
10.5
1411.8
67.2
88.2
5.8
11.9
35.4
12.1
10.7
20.5
105.7
7.3
5.4
2.9
13.0
386.1
17.0
6.2
214.6
41.2
40.6
32.2
17.6
17.2
13.4
399.8
4358.1
1140.9
3217.2
1719.8
2638.2
26.1
218.8
121.4
542.9
883.1
28.6
136.2
46.8
29.5
5.8
4.3
121.0
6.8
379.1
6.9
3.8
90.3
3.8
47.4
15.6
167.9
41.4
78.6
558.5
13.2
2.6
1.8
696.1
216.1
217.6
152.7
49.3
81.6
586.7
1.1
182.4
1.6
10.6
1499.8
68.4
85.8
6.1
11.9
33.8
10.3
11.0
19.3
91.3
6.8
5.1
2.8
12.7
365.4
15.5
5.9
199.7
40.2
42.8
33.3
18.1
15.5
12.6
383.6
4375.1
1107.0
3268.1
1774.7
2600.4
23.0
236.6
109.5
574.9
921.0
27.2
142.3
45.0
28.5
5.7
4.4
107.6
6.7
367.4
6.7
4.1
88.9
3.6
46.6
15.0
165.0
39.1
87.0
558.5
13.1
2.8
1.8
702.4
231.4
222.4
145.0
47.6
79.1
559.3
1.1
176.2
3.0
10.2
1475.2
66.6
81.6
5.2
13.8
32.2
9.0
10.5
43.8
94.5
7.3
4.7
2.2
14.8
386.1
14.1
5.5
191.5
40.4
41.0
32.9
17.6
13.9
12.2
368.9
4385.9
1138.9
3247.0
1761.6
2624.2
22.7
257.7
102.3
670.2
1030.3
27.5
140.2
45.6
27.7
5.9
3.9
75.6
6.4
332.9
5.6
4.7
83.3
3.6
50.9
15.2
163.3
39.2
90.5
567.9
12.6
2.9
1.9
714.9
218.7
227.0
146.8
47.8
79.5
576.8
1.1
176.7
4.1
10.2
1488.6
65.3
74.1
6.1
16.9
32.8
8.1
9.7
54.9
96.4
7.1
4.9
2.4
14.8
393.5
14.7
5.4
189.1
39.5
39.5
32.7
16.9
12.4
10.5
360.7
4484.2
1247.3
3236.9
1747.1
2737.1
21.9
263.5
94.9
747.8
1106.2
28.8
150.8
46.7
28.5
6.1
3.7
46.6
7.2
318.3
5.0
4.3
78.5
3.6
51.8
15.0
158.2
38.0
91.0
573.4
12.2
2.8
1.9
719.4
157.8
234.2
143.4
47.3
77.7
556.6
1.5
180.5
4.1
10.4
1413.5
64.3
69.1
6.7
17.2
31.8
7.4
10.9
61.5
101.1
8.4
4.8
2.0
16.3
401.6
19.3
5.9
191.0
37.6
38.2
30.2
16.8
11.4
10.3
360.8
4478.0
1323.6
3154.4
1650.7
2827.3
20.2
252.2
95.1
712.7
1060.0
27.6
159.2
41.3
25.8
5.4
3.4
27.4
10.2
300.3
3.5
5.4
92.0
3.5
48.1
14.6
167.1
35.1
86.1
524.4
10.3
2.1
2.0
660.1
142.7
202.0
130.1
46.1
75.9
519.6
2.0
165.6
4.1
9.1
1297.3
57.6
64.5
6.6
15.8
30.0
7.5
10.4
18.3
86.9
8.4
4.2
1.7
15.5
327.3
19.7
5.4
194.8
35.1
36.4
27.2
15.0
10.0
9.5
353.1
4165.1
1281.4
2883.8
1448.4
2716.7
19.3
-4.5%
-0.1%
-5.0%
-4.4%
-4.4%
5.3%
-11.8%
-9.7%
-11.9%
-6.4%
-41.4%
40.9%
-5.9%
-30.0%
26.4%
16.8%
-3.3%
-7.4%
-3.1%
5.3%
-7.9%
-5.7%
-8.8%
-15.4%
-24.2%
1.3%
-8.5%
-9.8%
-14.0%
-9.5%
-2.8%
-2.6%
-6.9%
29.7%
-8.5%
-0.1%
-12.8%
-8.5%
-10.7%
-6.8%
-0.5%
-8.8%
-5.9%
1.0%
-5.0%
-70.3%
-14.3%
-1.2%
-12.2%
-16.5%
-4.9%
-18.7%
1.8%
-9.1%
1.7%
-6.8%
-4.9%
-10.1%
-10.7%
-12.6%
-8.5%
-2.4%
-7.2%
-3.5%
-8.8%
-12.5%
-4.2%
-4.9%
2009-19
Share
2020
5.6%
6.1%
-4.3%
2.3%
8.8% 17.1%
5.9% 25.4%
-1.6%
0.7%
3.6%
3.8%
2.8%
1.0%
0.9%
0.6%
-1.2%
0.1%
-6.0%
0.1%
-11.4%
0.7%
0.5%
0.2%
-1.7%
7.2%
-9.0%
0.1%
-0.7%
0.1%
-3.2%
2.2%
-2.3%
0.1%
-2.7%
1.2%
-1.6%
0.3%
-3.1%
4.0%
-2.9%
0.8%
1.8%
2.1%
1.4% 12.6%
1.2%
0.2%
-4.5%
0.1%
◆
0.7%
1.1% 15.8%
-2.7%
3.4%
6.9%
4.9%
1.7%
3.1%
1.8%
1.1%
2.2%
1.8%
1.9% 12.5%
◆
-22.5%
3.4%
4.0%
-11.8%
0.1%
1.0%
0.2%
1.8% 31.1%
-1.8%
1.4%
-2.2%
1.5%
0.7%
0.2%
2.0%
0.4%
-1.0%
0.7%
-7.2%
0.2%
-1.0%
0.2%
-2.8%
0.4%
-0.6%
2.1%
n/a
0.2%
-14.6%
0.1%
◆
-7.3%
6.0%
0.4%
-1.6%
7.9%
-2.2%
0.5%
-3.3%
0.1%
0.1%
4.7%
-0.1%
0.8%
-2.3%
0.9%
-0.5%
0.7%
1.2%
0.4%
-3.7%
0.2%
-3.4%
0.2%
-0.7%
8.5%
1.4% 100.0%
4.0% 30.8%
0.5% 69.2%
0.4% 34.8%
2.0% 65.2%
-4.4%
0.5%
Source: includes data from FGE Iran Service.
*Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, condensates (lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining) and NGLs (natural gas liquids – ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the
production of natural gas).
Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biofuels and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. This also excludes liquid fuel adjustment factors such as refinery processing gain.
Excludes oil shales/kerogen extracted in solid form.
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes figures.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
19
Oil: Crude oil and condensate production in thousands of barrels per day*
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Italy
Norway
Romania
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2849
2577
5484
10911
589
2055
786
486
123
98
2695
125
6957
249
106
1871
86
1234
319
3865
1023
1676
10150
216
78
36
13179
4068
2424
2307
865
1307
8423
350
2603
284
182
22813
1461
1793
122
307
663
286
233
1748
2455
n/a
462
79
149
9759
473
159
4077
762
945
653
242
304
270
7885
75368
15902
59467
30804
44565
606
3021
2553
5667
11241
553
2105
915
500
117
92
2623
126
7031
225
110
1758
84
1028
316
3521
919
1684
10287
224
77
36
13226
4048
2728
2645
885
1399
9566
319
2853
197
191
24831
1416
1656
114
292
649
280
236
508
2373
n/a
291
70
198
8083
411
153
4074
793
902
583
224
308
256
7705
75638
15951
59687
31226
44412
581
3250
2548
6521
12319
549
2061
944
504
112
82
2580
131
6963
204
112
1612
79
885
317
3209
872
1662
10395
231
68
35
13263
3398
3037
2890
918
1491
9987
146
2946
154
173
25140
1320
1714
101
268
649
299
221
1499
2330
31
103
70
196
8802
405
146
4155
786
859
598
239
339
246
7773
77469
16736
60734
32489
44980
556
3486
2522
7494
13502
540
2024
1010
526
118
81
2564
135
6998
178
114
1532
83
810
327
3045
877
1720
10528
239
63
35
13463
3192
3058
2847
942
1520
9875
45
3084
173
199
24933
1275
1716
91
234
643
261
213
1025
2193
100
118
64
225
8158
335
122
4216
789
825
588
241
337
237
7690
77790
17741
60049
31537
46253
546
3758
2429
8789
14976
532
2255
990
557
121
81
2578
140
7255
167
120
1562
82
791
324
3045
849
1701
10479
246
61
35
13371
3273
3198
2830
943
1508
9941
23
3063
128
204
25112
1329
1672
89
245
667
266
211
510
2188
155
120
59
231
7742
353
114
4246
778
789
610
233
315
261
7699
79201
19227
59974
31305
47896
540
3863
2267
9446
15576
532
2437
1006
543
104
79
2514
133
7347
158
113
1608
80
903
317
3180
840
1672
10617
254
59
36
13478
3392
3945
2782
981
1463
10420
19
3284
38
203
26527
1290
1780
111
227
662
242
214
422
2119
148
109
54
262
7639
322
115
4309
771
786
662
248
342
265
7820
81567
19951
61616
32631
48936
523
3868
2154
8852
14873
511
2510
886
548
91
71
2242
122
6982
142
78
1647
76
933
297
3173
826
1637
10863
250
58
36
13671
4090
4375
2860
1004
1465
10688
17
3384
16
204
28104
1316
1722
117
225
631
204
221
397
1822
137
104
51
255
7199
290
109
3999
744
831
667
258
308
250
7455
81457
19097
62360
33545
47912
457
4216
1948
9371
15536
480
2622
854
531
88
72
1992
118
6757
138
86
1620
73
913
284
3114
781
1813
10898
248
61
37
13838
4490
4473
2704
971
1432
10175
17
3279
44
198
27783
1287
1632
98
263
603
174
210
909
1890
147
95
43
300
7651
263
101
3846
744
801
660
240
275
241
7171
81851
19645
62205
33479
48372
451
4596
1833
10964
17394
489
2587
865
517
92
63
1386
114
6114
116
97
1516
72
1002
289
3092
783
1900
11083
236
64
38
14104
4240
4568
2737
978
1427
10533
16
3308
67
196
28069
1259
1479
116
323
617
157
193
1144
1922
144
100
43
299
7797
284
100
3798
719
772
653
228
243
208
7004
83574
21504
62070
33249
50325
436
4690
1701
12248
18639
509
2788
886
531
95
59
839
109
5815
103
89
1437
71
1019
286
3005
762
1903
11186
228
62
39
14180
3020
4712
2678
971
1387
10145
25
3360
67
196
26559
1239
1373
127
329
597
144
218
1279
2014
172
98
40
330
7959
361
110
3836
677
745
604
228
225
205
6991
83148
22759
60389
31349
51799
403
4469
1705
11315
17489
480
2940
781
479
77
57
488
171
5475
72
112
1713
68
947
277
3190
702
1796
10192
189
47
39
12965
2730
4049
2438
951
1359
9430
33
3087
67
169
24314
1098
1277
126
300
560
146
207
374
1734
170
86
33
313
6424
356
100
3901
636
708
541
202
195
189
6828
76685
21687
54999
27359
49326
385
-4.7%
0.3%
-7.6%
-6.2%
-5.6%
5.5%
-11.8%
-9.7%
-18.9%
-3.8%
-41.8%
57.3%
-5.9%
-30.0%
26.4%
19.2%
-3.3%
-7.1%
-3.0%
6.2%
-7.8%
-5.6%
-8.9%
-16.9%
-25.1%
1.3%
-8.6%
-9.6%
-14.1%
-9.0%
-2.1%
-2.0%
-7.0%
34.0%
-8.1%
–
-13.5%
-8.5%
-11.4%
-7.0%
-0.5%
-8.9%
-6.2%
1.4%
-5.0%
-70.7%
-13.9%
-1.2%
-12.2%
-17.3%
-5.0%
-19.3%
-1.4%
-8.3%
1.7%
-6.0%
-5.0%
-10.5%
-11.5%
-13.0%
-7.9%
-2.3%
-7.8%
-4.7%
-8.9%
-12.7%
-4.8%
-4.6%
2009-19
Share
2020
5.7%
5.8%
-4.2%
2.2%
8.6% 14.8%
5.7% 22.8%
-1.7%
0.6%
3.6%
3.8%
2.8%
1.0%
0.9%
0.6%
-2.0%
0.1%
-5.8%
0.1%
-11.6%
0.6%
-1.0%
0.2%
-1.7%
7.1%
-9.0%
0.1%
-0.7%
0.1%
-3.5%
2.2%
-2.4%
0.1%
-2.6%
1.2%
-1.5%
0.4%
-3.2%
4.2%
-2.8%
0.9%
1.7%
2.3%
1.2% 13.3%
0.8%
0.2%
-4.1%
0.1%
0.7%
0.1%
1.0% 16.9%
-2.8%
3.6%
7.0%
5.3%
1.6%
3.2%
1.8%
1.2%
1.9%
1.8%
1.9% 12.3%
◆
-23.6%
3.0%
4.0%
-13.5%
0.1%
0.7%
0.2%
1.7% 31.7%
-2.0%
1.4%
-2.3%
1.7%
0.7%
0.2%
2.0%
0.4%
-1.1%
0.7%
-7.4%
0.2%
-1.0%
0.3%
-2.7%
0.5%
-0.6%
2.3%
n/a
0.2%
-14.6%
0.1%
◆
-7.1%
6.2%
0.4%
-1.7%
8.4%
-2.4%
0.5%
-3.4%
0.1%
0.1%
5.1%
-0.2%
0.8%
-2.4%
0.9%
-0.9%
0.7%
-0.4%
0.3%
-3.8%
0.3%
-3.1%
0.2%
-0.8%
8.9%
1.2% 100.0%
3.7% 28.3%
0.4% 71.7%
0.3% 35.7%
1.7% 64.3%
-4.3%
0.5%
Source: includes data from FGE Iran Service.
*Includes crude oil, shale/tight oil, oil sands, lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining. Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and synthetic derivatives
of coal and natural gas.
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
20
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Oil: Natural gas liquids production in thousands of barrels per day*
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Italy
Norway
Romania
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Chad
Republic of Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Nigeria
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
OPEC
Non-OPEC
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
483.0
382.3
2074.1
2939.4
122.5
70.4
n/a
2.0
42.4
47.2
146.8
19.2
450.6
n/a
n/a
268.0
3.8
124.6
22.7
419.0
13.5
0.1
228.3
10.5
n/a
–
252.3
352.2
44.8
257.4
n/a
322.8
1441.8
35.0
333.8
22.6
10.3
2820.7
228.4
19.2
n/a
7.0
61.3
19.7
n/a
50.5
78.2
n/a
n/a
4.2
n/a
468.5
77.1
12.7
n/a
139.6
58.1
79.3
151.6
7.7
48.2
574.2
7924.8
3439.2
4485.6
2979.8
4944.9
19.8
493.4
387.7
2216.1
3097.2
113.8
67.7
n/a
1.0
41.9
44.0
131.8
18.9
419.1
n/a
n/a
281.1
4.7
85.9
20.1
391.7
13.3
0.1
246.8
10.5
n/a
–
270.6
404.1
45.1
272.6
n/a
425.8
1513.0
33.8
446.8
23.2
10.8
3175.3
225.1
14.0
n/a
8.8
65.2
20.7
n/a
8.5
88.0
n/a
n/a
6.6
n/a
436.8
71.3
12.8
n/a
143.7
50.2
76.3
204.9
7.8
46.1
613.0
8403.7
3562.0
4841.7
3178.6
5225.1
18.4
489.9
363.2
2408.1
3261.3
107.3
70.4
n/a
1.0
45.5
35.2
123.9
16.1
399.3
n/a
n/a
305.9
3.9
61.8
18.7
390.3
10.4
1.7
260.4
13.6
n/a
–
286.2
412.0
41.5
282.9
n/a
436.7
1635.0
25.0
479.1
23.8
10.5
3346.5
216.4
19.9
n/a
11.5
65.9
20.2
n/a
40.0
81.6
n/a
n/a
12.5
n/a
468.0
73.2
12.9
n/a
139.6
58.0
65.1
232.1
8.2
45.0
634.1
8785.6
3727.8
5057.8
3364.0
5421.7
16.6
514.4
352.6
2605.8
3472.9
104.4
72.1
n/a
1.0
53.7
34.4
116.0
16.6
398.4
n/a
n/a
305.3
2.8
55.0
17.0
380.1
11.4
16.6
278.5
16.8
n/a
–
323.3
417.6
41.5
287.0
n/a
471.1
1518.1
14.2
482.5
24.5
9.6
3266.0
210.1
22.3
n/a
9.0
66.7
20.7
n/a
22.4
85.6
n/a
n/a
12.2
n/a
449.1
72.2
13.1
n/a
136.4
58.0
38.8
224.9
9.5
37.6
590.6
8880.2
3927.9
4952.3
3232.7
5647.5
14.1
2014
2015
2017
2018
2019
2020
666.3
513.0
525.2
595.4
596.8
647.4
682.0
204.5
355.4
319.7
302.3
275.9
235.1
217.4
3014.6 3342.3 3509.2 3783.0 4369.5 4824.3 5161.2
3883.0 4187.2 4406.9 4655.7 5252.0 5723.8 6032.0
120.0
105.5
113.9
99.1
110.4
101.8
111.8
85.6
86.8
87.5
81.4
99.2
92.3
88.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
54.0
53.8
49.3
49.8
48.4
47.0
48.6
19.6
32.9
30.1
25.2
26.9
23.8
23.4
51.7
114.0
117.0
105.0
104.0
88.4
79.6
35.3
14.4
12.9
12.5
14.6
13.9
38.7
366.3
407.4
410.8
373.0
403.5
367.3
390.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
288.1
324.0
337.9
349.0
351.5
335.3
299.4
3.9
2.8
3.2
3.7
3.1
2.9
4.0
82.0
62.4
60.3
81.5
92.0
89.6
98.8
15.3
15.2
14.4
16.3
18.6
18.7
16.6
389.3
404.4
415.8
450.5
465.1
446.5
418.9
14.2
12.2
10.8
11.1
11.3
12.3
13.2
14.5
9.0
22.8
17.7
25.0
3.9
15.5
474.9
448.1
470.2
479.2
475.5
479.1
492.7
26.8
16.8
16.8
20.0
23.2
23.9
25.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
530.4
486.1
520.7
528.0
535.0
519.2
546.9
354.0
441.2
460.5
488.0
364.0
368.0
379.0
64.3
40.3
40.7
47.6
64.5
64.4
67.7
248.0
276.0
287.8
289.7
305.0
313.1
298.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
450.3
466.2
469.8
473.3
450.2
470.8
476.1
1577.4 1577.7 1717.8 1717.0 1728.3 1687.3 1609.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.0
569.3
539.5
613.8
653.6
630.5
604.3
638.9
27.6
25.1
25.7
26.3
27.0
27.6
27.6
18.1
10.2
10.0
10.1
9.6
11.0
18.6
3385.8 3494.0 3714.6 3575.8 3595.6 3602.7 3350.6
233.6
260.2
267.8
261.2
253.6
251.7
247.4
46.6
29.7
16.1
23.2
39.0
40.3
46.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.7
8.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
55.9
47.0
64.2
60.0
57.3
57.6
56.1
15.2
18.8
17.4
19.4
21.2
19.1
16.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
15.3
7.5
15.0
15.0
20.0
21.2
27.1
63.6
88.2
82.3
78.2
79.7
84.8
88.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.8
11.8
10.0
8.7
4.8
8.6
2.8
0.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.5
0.8
440.5
471.3
479.9
472.8
482.7
490.8
492.6
114.3
82.5
62.0
69.3
64.0
60.1
97.7
9.6
12.1
11.4
11.8
12.6
12.0
11.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
134.9
127.5
122.3
129.5
140.9
150.4
153.8
34.7
58.3
51.9
44.7
36.9
36.4
36.2
54.7
38.8
34.7
59.3
57.7
64.9
58.2
215.7
231.0
232.7
231.0
246.5
243.6
242.5
11.7
9.6
9.2
9.9
9.3
13.4
11.8
21.1
35.6
32.7
30.7
32.0
25.9
25.6
596.8
595.5
556.9
586.1
599.9
606.6
637.5
9633.5 10065.2 10531.9 10717.7 11277.8 11812.9 11705.9
4372.6 4665.8 4922.5 5182.0 5754.2 6233.9 6529.8
5260.8 5399.4 5609.4 5535.7 5523.6 5579.0 5176.1
3400.8 3503.2 3705.9 3605.6 3590.7 3583.9 3277.3
6232.6 6562.0 6826.0 7112.2 7687.1 8229.0 8428.5
9.7
12.6
12.6
13.6
13.7
12.1
11.1
*Includes ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the production of natural gas. Excludes condensates.
†Less than 0.05.
2016
2020
2009-19
Share
2020
-2.3%
3.2%
5.7%
-5.9%
-5.4%
1.7%
7.0%
9.7% 44.1%
5.4%
7.5% 51.5%
7.4%
-1.2%
1.0%
-3.2%
2.5%
0.7%
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a -100.0%
–
11.1%
2.4%
0.5%
-16.0%
-6.0%
0.2%
-35.0%
-6.7%
0.4%
-8.8%
9.9%
0.3%
-6.2%
-1.5%
3.1%
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.8%
0.2%
2.5%
◆
-3.4%
1.3%
-17.0%
-3.5%
0.7%
-8.2%
-4.2%
0.1%
-7.1%
-1.0%
3.3%
7.6%
0.6%
0.1%
-6.8%
45.1%
0.1%
-3.6%
8.2%
4.1%
5.1%
9.3%
0.2%
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
–
-3.0%
8.2%
4.5%
-6.6%
3.5%
3.0%
-5.0%
5.2%
0.5%
-16.9%
2.9%
2.1%
n/a
n/a
n/a
-5.4%
6.1%
3.8%
-4.6%
2.7% 13.7%
11.1%
-12.7%
0.1%
-10.9%
7.9%
4.9%
-0.3%
2.3%
0.2%
-2.6%
6.6%
0.2%
-7.0%
3.9% 28.6%
-5.6%
-0.4%
2.0%
-0.3%
8.9%
0.4%
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.6%
–
0.1%
-0.3%
-1.5%
0.5%
-8.7%
-2.9%
0.1%
n/a
n/a
n/a
-43.7%
-6.2%
0.1%
-27.7%
1.9%
0.5%
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
◆
-0.3%
-10.9%
◆
2.1%
n/a
-10.6%
-0.3%
3.8%
17.0%
1.5%
1.0%
-18.5%
-1.5%
0.1%
n/a
n/a
n/a
-12.3%
0.4%
1.2%
-4.1%
-2.2%
0.3%
-6.0%
7.1%
0.5%
-11.0%
5.1%
1.8%
-0.7%
3.7%
0.1%
-17.6%
-6.6%
0.2%
-6.4%
1.9%
5.1%
-0.9%
4.7% 100.0%
4.7%
6.5% 55.8%
-7.2%
3.1% 44.2%
-8.6%
2.8% 28.0%
2.4%
5.7% 72.0%
-13.3%
-6.5%
0.1%
Source: Includes data from FGE Iran Service, ICIS.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
21
Oil: Total liquids consumption in thousands of barrels per day*
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
2414
2043
19178
23634
597
2714
343
266
220
196
45
739
1175
6294
273
671
194
210
1760
2441
369
146
1538
964
229
593
272
184
1430
329
242
694
284
1622
1215
15659
72
150
206
2878
118
92
63
3579
1685
569
241
480
135
186
3124
653
723
7796
329
749
258
526
1606
3467
898
81
9442
359
3339
1450
4429
688
148
411
313
1157
2319
87
1077
1123
332
310
27963
88392
46916
41476
12282
2445
2068
18896
23408
629
2832
371
275
226
216
42
721
1204
6517
256
632
199
204
1721
2365
352
142
1495
972
225
591
256
191
1370
310
234
673
283
1589
1188
15248
89
172
270
3074
125
80
65
3874
1715
628
255
467
146
244
3285
723
714
8176
349
707
275
533
1520
3384
940
104
9795
361
3510
1587
4419
725
153
414
298
1208
2339
92
995
1186
361
320
28807
89414
46386
43028
11935
2482
2086
18482
23050
669
2884
376
296
233
220
40
785
1193
6695
256
611
196
197
1669
2352
307
133
1401
926
218
570
231
191
1285
309
238
704
287
1532
1138
14751
92
211
288
3119
129
77
75
3992
1763
665
295
467
157
260
3451
767
677
8503
370
733
277
543
1632
3555
968
110
10235
344
3708
1677
4683
760
150
402
309
1202
2404
95
988
1249
371
331
29986
90532
45975
44557
11483
2477
2038
18967
23481
713
3100
362
294
247
231
45
835
1172
7000
263
633
188
212
1657
2404
285
132
1289
900
229
537
241
174
1191
307
249
756
267
1517
1121
14552
101
144
297
3163
137
88
78
4009
1876
715
223
477
178
302
3444
849
625
8690
387
743
282
554
1727
3693
1000
108
10744
352
3751
1677
4503
807
152
442
326
1217
2414
82
1024
1300
380
349
30629
92055
46037
46018
11243
2478
1965
19100
23544
709
3214
353
310
260
229
41
746
1177
7039
255
629
199
206
1610
2344
284
147
1220
866
218
538
247
187
1188
305
224
774
245
1522
1118
14328
99
164
304
3300
143
80
76
4166
1764
680
214
488
185
312
3760
858
625
8885
401
795
272
546
1737
3750
1003
120
11207
336
3871
1676
4288
809
155
458
347
1259
2408
92
1053
1310
391
374
31157
92868
45658
47210
11057
2498
1945
19532
23975
727
3138
355
330
254
244
45
697
1242
7034
256
646
191
206
1611
2336
297
157
1293
837
223
558
246
191
1233
303
227
917
214
1563
1165
14670
100
139
364
3197
145
80
78
4103
1582
686
227
467
184
357
3879
949
544
8873
425
820
268
602
1764
3879
992
127
12138
368
4188
1570
4124
759
161
505
397
1329
2513
90
1078
1356
437
424
32557
95091
46408
48683
11228
2507
1956
19692
24155
711
2957
377
337
240
260
47
537
1287
6755
261
654
179
210
1596
2374
297
157
1284
854
217
605
248
202
1278
319
216
976
226
1612
1209
14975
98
137
344
3266
143
84
86
4158
1585
757
231
449
187
371
3865
1034
523
9002
412
840
275
577
1803
3907
994
138
12572
380
4593
1562
4000
847
165
566
427
1372
2706
105
1083
1392
466
426
33795
96746
46947
49799
11407
2486
1890
19952
24327
711
3030
364
332
237
270
44
493
1293
6773
263
664
213
208
1607
2443
301
168
1304
830
223
662
246
213
1291
321
222
1025
234
1619
1256
15312
99
137
385
3273
144
87
82
4207
1644
723
255
470
224
337
3799
1017
531
9000
408
786
290
577
1896
3957
1035
156
13204
428
4767
1657
3967
809
175
589
459
1406
2747
114
1068
1439
492
438
34948
98525
47477
51048
11656
2566
1842
20512
24920
680
3026
379
344
255
278
41
410
1310
6723
267
703
214
209
1605
2325
298
180
1331
858
231
685
245
219
1325
305
215
993
241
1602
1269
15321
104
151
409
3323
145
95
96
4323
1717
704
250
468
232
348
3617
1015
529
8879
416
731
286
576
2037
4047
1045
178
13661
435
5032
1716
3839
811
176
498
464
1431
2735
114
1075
1453
525
464
35652
99865
47964
51901
11710
2605
1705
20543
24852
603
3142
379
358
249
285
39
296
1331
6682
277
662
218
206
1599
2339
308
182
1277
826
223
702
253
230
1325
325
220
1000
247
1572
1268
15258
104
144
387
3398
149
98
91
4371
1841
716
254
446
240
375
3635
969
535
9011
430
734
292
569
2075
4100
1036
176
14103
409
5214
1739
3704
851
179
446
474
1401
2719
123
1022
1464
557
479
36094
100369
47668
52701
11666
2342
1319
18120
21781
525
3019
347
294
203
219
38
242
1151
6038
240
490
191
188
1370
2127
249
171
1079
771
217
660
208
225
1078
290
183
906
234
1230
1114
13221
92
132
379
3243
142
86
79
4154
1715
628
213
411
209
296
3544
798
507
8321
366
659
261
492
1783
3561
895
154
14314
285
4738
1346
3282
737
148
437
391
1332
2575
104
974
1329
491
472
34003
91078
41761
49318
10149
-10.1%
-22.6%
-11.8%
-12.4%
-12.9%
-3.9%
-8.6%
-17.9%
-18.6%
-22.9%
-2.6%
-18.3%
-13.5%
-9.6%
-13.3%
-26.0%
-12.4%
-8.7%
-14.4%
-9.1%
-19.2%
-6.0%
-15.5%
-6.7%
-2.5%
-6.1%
-17.8%
-2.2%
-18.7%
-10.6%
-17.0%
-9.4%
-5.0%
-21.7%
-12.1%
-13.4%
-11.8%
-8.5%
-2.0%
-4.6%
-4.8%
-12.6%
-12.3%
-5.0%
-6.8%
-12.4%
-16.1%
-7.8%
-12.7%
-21.0%
-2.5%
-17.7%
-5.3%
-7.7%
-14.9%
-10.2%
-10.5%
-13.5%
-14.1%
-13.1%
-13.6%
-12.2%
1.5%
-30.2%
-9.1%
-22.6%
-11.4%
-13.5%
-17.1%
-1.9%
-17.6%
-4.9%
-5.3%
-15.6%
-4.7%
-9.2%
-11.9%
-1.6%
-5.8%
-9.3%
-12.4%
-6.4%
-13.0%
1.2%
-1.7%
0.9%
0.7%
0.9%
2.3%
-0.1%
3.6%
2.7%
4.6%
-1.2%
-8.3%
1.3%
1.1%
0.6%
0.3%
0.7%
0.2%
-1.3%
-0.3%
-2.7%
1.6%
-2.0%
-1.3%
0.1%
2.2%
-0.8%
1.7%
-0.8%
◆
-1.6%
3.5%
-2.0%
-0.5%
0.3%
-0.3%
3.7%
-2.3%
6.8%
2.0%
3.4%
0.1%
3.6%
2.3%
0.4%
3.0%
0.9%
0.5%
7.3%
8.3%
2.6%
4.9%
-3.7%
1.9%
2.8%
0.3%
2.2%
1.2%
3.1%
2.2%
1.6%
9.3%
5.5%
2.1%
4.8%
2.5%
-1.7%
2.3%
1.9%
0.7%
4.7%
2.9%
1.8%
3.5%
-0.1%
3.1%
6.2%
6.1%
3.3%
1.6%
0.3%
3.1%
-0.5%
Share
2020
2.6%
1.4%
19.9%
23.9%
0.6%
3.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
◆
0.3%
1.3%
6.6%
0.3%
0.5%
0.2%
0.2%
1.5%
2.3%
0.3%
0.2%
1.2%
0.8%
0.2%
0.7%
0.2%
0.2%
1.2%
0.3%
0.2%
1.0%
0.3%
1.4%
1.2%
14.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.4%
3.6%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
4.6%
1.9%
0.7%
0.2%
0.5%
0.2%
0.3%
3.9%
0.9%
0.6%
9.1%
0.4%
0.7%
0.3%
0.5%
2.0%
3.9%
1.0%
0.2%
15.7%
0.3%
5.2%
1.5%
3.6%
0.8%
0.2%
0.5%
0.4%
1.5%
2.8%
0.1%
1.1%
1.5%
0.5%
0.5%
37.3%
100.0%
45.9%
54.1%
11.1%
*Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are
also included.
than 0.05%.
Note: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels,
and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
◆Less
22
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Oil: Consumption in thousands of barrels per day*
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2386
2040
18322
22747
585
2271
343
252
220
191
45
739
1162
5809
261
663
189
206
1703
2373
366
142
1508
957
227
577
265
181
1396
315
242
694
284
1593
1204
15344
72
149
206
2878
118
92
63
3578
1685
569
241
480
135
186
3124
653
723
7796
329
749
258
525
1605
3467
892
81
9390
359
3308
1443
4424
688
148
411
307
1157
2312
87
1076
1104
332
310
27828
86568
45684
40884
11998
2400
2065
17997
22462
612
2432
371
259
226
211
42
721
1190
6065
244
624
191
199
1666
2294
350
138
1465
962
222
574
249
186
1330
295
234
672
283
1561
1175
14914
89
172
270
3074
125
80
65
3873
1715
628
254
467
146
244
3285
723
714
8176
349
707
275
532
1519
3383
933
104
9739
360
3475
1579
4412
724
152
414
292
1208
2331
92
994
1167
361
320
28658
87530
45074
42456
11632
2424
2083
17586
22093
647
2509
376
279
233
212
40
785
1179
6260
244
602
189
192
1609
2276
305
129
1367
916
215
552
225
186
1237
292
238
702
287
1508
1121
14393
92
210
288
3119
129
77
75
3991
1763
665
295
467
157
260
3451
767
677
8502
370
733
277
542
1632
3553
961
110
10170
344
3674
1663
4676
757
150
402
301
1202
2396
95
986
1225
371
331
29815
88607
44628
43979
11154
2419
2034
18011
22465
688
2655
362
277
247
222
45
835
1158
6491
252
624
181
207
1596
2336
282
129
1261
889
226
520
235
170
1169
291
249
748
265
1490
1103
14223
101
143
297
3163
137
88
78
4008
1876
715
223
477
178
302
3444
849
625
8690
387
743
282
552
1727
3691
992
108
10668
352
3717
1657
4496
803
152
442
316
1217
2402
82
1022
1266
380
349
30421
89988
44656
45333
10954
2419
1960
18131
22510
678
2725
353
292
260
221
41
746
1162
6478
242
620
192
196
1544
2273
281
142
1196
856
216
521
241
184
1165
285
224
771
244
1491
1099
13980
99
163
304
3300
143
80
76
4165
1764
680
214
488
185
312
3760
858
625
8885
401
795
272
544
1737
3749
994
120
11120
336
3832
1642
4279
802
155
458
336
1259
2398
92
1052
1270
391
374
30911
90677
44239
46438
10748
2442
1939
18524
22906
694
2558
355
312
254
235
45
697
1227
6377
241
640
184
195
1544
2269
294
153
1264
826
219
542
238
186
1209
279
226
915
212
1538
1144
14319
100
139
364
3197
145
80
78
4102
1582
686
226
467
184
357
3879
949
544
8873
425
820
268
601
1764
3877
985
127
12066
367
4147
1552
4113
751
161
505
384
1329
2503
90
1077
1313
437
424
32332
92787
44950
47836
10911
2452
1950
18622
23025
675
2433
377
320
239
251
47
537
1271
6151
249
644
172
206
1529
2307
293
152
1255
843
210
594
242
195
1252
289
214
973
225
1587
1188
14619
98
136
344
3265
143
84
86
4156
1585
757
230
449
187
371
3865
1034
523
9002
412
840
275
576
1803
3906
988
138
12499
380
4544
1508
3988
838
165
566
413
1372
2696
105
1083
1347
466
426
33523
94381
45426
48954
11090
2423
1883
18878
23184
670
2481
364
313
236
259
44
493
1277
6136
252
653
205
199
1540
2374
298
164
1274
818
211
646
240
206
1260
287
219
1022
233
1594
1234
14929
99
137
385
3271
144
87
82
4205
1644
723
255
470
224
337
3799
1017
531
9000
408
786
290
576
1896
3956
1030
156
13137
428
4724
1610
3953
801
175
589
445
1406
2738
114
1067
1390
492
438
34690
96099
45916
50184
11318
2501
1836
19447
23784
640
2392
379
322
255
268
41
410
1293
6000
255
692
207
201
1538
2255
294
175
1300
843
222
663
239
212
1286
273
212
989
240
1569
1243
14908
104
151
409
3320
145
95
96
4320
1717
704
250
468
232
348
3617
1015
529
8879
416
731
286
574
2037
4045
1041
178
13576
435
4974
1649
3824
801
175
498
450
1431
2720
114
1074
1400
525
464
35330
97265
46372
50892
11348
2537
1698
19475
23710
563
2438
379
337
249
275
39
296
1314
5889
265
650
209
196
1528
2270
304
177
1259
807
212
679
247
221
1287
291
216
996
244
1531
1239
14826
104
144
387
3393
149
98
91
4367
1841
716
254
446
240
375
3635
969
535
9011
430
734
292
567
2075
4098
1031
176
14005
408
5148
1626
3689
841
178
446
459
1401
2703
123
1022
1405
557
479
35698
97598
46056
51542
11298
2282
1312
17178
20772
503
2323
347
275
202
210
38
242
1137
5274
230
476
182
178
1305
2045
244
164
1054
746
206
637
202
216
1050
260
179
903
232
1192
1085
12788
92
132
379
3238
142
86
79
4149
1715
628
213
411
209
296
3544
798
507
8321
366
659
261
490
1783
3559
890
154
14225
285
4669
1230
3268
728
148
437
378
1332
2560
104
973
1271
491
472
33615
88477
40282
48195
9774
-10.0%
-22.7%
-11.8%
-12.4%
-10.7%
-4.8%
-8.6%
-18.5%
-18.7%
-23.8%
-2.6%
-18.3%
-13.5%
-10.4%
-13.3%
-26.8%
-13.1%
-9.1%
-14.6%
-9.9%
-19.7%
-7.3%
-16.2%
-7.5%
-2.5%
-6.1%
-18.0%
-2.2%
-18.4%
-10.7%
-17.3%
-9.3%
-4.9%
-22.2%
-12.4%
-13.8%
-11.8%
-8.5%
-2.0%
-4.6%
-4.8%
-12.6%
-12.3%
-5.0%
-6.8%
-12.4%
-16.1%
-7.8%
-12.7%
-21.0%
-2.5%
-17.7%
-5.3%
-7.7%
-14.9%
-10.2%
-10.5%
-13.5%
-14.1%
-13.1%
-13.7%
-12.2%
1.6%
-30.2%
-9.3%
-24.4%
-11.4%
-13.5%
-17.1%
-1.9%
-17.7%
-4.9%
-5.3%
-15.6%
-4.7%
-9.5%
-11.9%
-1.6%
-5.8%
-9.3%
-12.5%
-6.5%
-13.5%
2009-19
Share
2020
1.1%
2.6%
-1.7%
1.5%
0.8% 19.4%
0.6% 23.5%
0.2%
0.6%
1.6%
2.6%
-0.1%
0.4%
3.4%
0.3%
2.7%
0.2%
4.4%
0.2%
◆
-1.2%
-8.3%
0.3%
1.3%
1.3%
0.6%
6.0%
0.7%
0.3%
0.2%
0.5%
0.5%
0.2%
-0.1%
0.2%
-1.4%
1.5%
-0.3%
2.3%
-2.8%
0.3%
1.6%
0.2%
-2.0%
1.2%
-1.5%
0.8%
-0.4%
0.2%
2.1%
0.7%
-0.9%
0.2%
1.4%
0.2%
-1.1%
1.2%
-0.8%
0.3%
-1.8%
0.2%
3.5%
1.0%
-2.1%
0.3%
-0.6%
1.3%
0.1%
1.2%
-0.4% 14.5%
3.7%
0.1%
-2.3%
0.1%
6.8%
0.4%
2.0%
3.7%
3.4%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
3.6%
0.1%
2.2%
4.7%
0.4%
1.9%
3.0%
0.7%
0.9%
0.2%
0.5%
0.5%
7.3%
0.2%
8.3%
0.3%
2.6%
4.0%
4.9%
0.9%
-3.7%
0.6%
2.0%
9.4%
2.8%
0.4%
0.3%
0.7%
2.2%
0.3%
1.2%
0.6%
3.1%
2.0%
2.2%
4.0%
1.6%
1.0%
9.3%
0.2%
5.4% 16.1%
2.1%
0.3%
4.8%
5.3%
1.9%
1.4%
-1.7%
3.7%
2.2%
0.8%
1.9%
0.2%
0.7%
0.5%
4.5%
0.4%
2.9%
1.5%
1.8%
2.9%
3.5%
0.1%
-0.1%
1.1%
2.9%
1.4%
6.2%
0.6%
6.1%
0.5%
3.2% 38.0%
1.5% 100.0%
0.2% 45.5%
3.0% 54.5%
-0.7% 11.0%
*Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are
excluded. Derivatives of coal and natural gas are included.
than 0.05%.
Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute
fuels, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
◆Less
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
23
Oil: Consumption in exajoules*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
4.57
3.91
35.61
44.08
1.18
4.54
0.69
0.51
0.45
0.38
0.10
1.51
2.45
11.80
0.55
1.38
0.38
0.42
3.53
4.89
0.77
0.28
3.07
1.94
0.44
1.16
0.54
0.37
2.94
0.66
0.50
1.37
0.57
3.20
2.53
31.50
0.14
0.31
0.42
5.77
0.24
0.19
0.13
7.20
3.37
1.16
0.48
0.91
0.28
0.29
5.74
1.34
1.49
15.05
0.65
1.52
0.52
1.08
3.30
7.08
1.79
0.17
18.99
0.77
6.60
2.90
8.78
1.29
0.30
0.88
0.62
2.57
4.48
0.18
2.12
2.07
0.67
0.64
55.81
172.53
90.50
82.02
24.78
4.58
3.97
34.91
43.46
1.22
4.83
0.76
0.52
0.46
0.42
0.09
1.46
2.51
12.27
0.51
1.29
0.39
0.41
3.45
4.73
0.74
0.28
2.98
1.97
0.43
1.16
0.51
0.38
2.81
0.61
0.48
1.34
0.57
3.14
2.47
30.64
0.17
0.36
0.55
6.16
0.25
0.16
0.13
7.79
3.43
1.28
0.51
0.88
0.29
0.36
6.03
1.44
1.47
15.69
0.69
1.43
0.55
1.10
3.11
6.88
1.88
0.22
19.68
0.77
6.91
3.16
8.78
1.38
0.31
0.88
0.59
2.68
4.51
0.19
1.96
2.16
0.73
0.66
57.46
174.19
89.26
84.93
24.02
4.64
4.04
34.11
42.78
1.30
4.98
0.76
0.57
0.47
0.42
0.09
1.59
2.50
12.67
0.51
1.24
0.38
0.39
3.34
4.70
0.64
0.26
2.78
1.87
0.42
1.11
0.46
0.38
2.62
0.60
0.49
1.41
0.58
3.05
2.36
29.62
0.18
0.44
0.59
6.26
0.26
0.15
0.15
8.04
3.54
1.36
0.60
0.88
0.32
0.38
6.34
1.51
1.39
16.32
0.74
1.49
0.56
1.13
3.35
7.26
1.94
0.23
20.63
0.74
7.33
3.33
9.37
1.45
0.31
0.86
0.61
2.67
4.65
0.20
1.94
2.26
0.74
0.68
59.94
176.64
88.53
88.10
23.05
4.61
3.93
34.70
43.24
1.38
5.26
0.73
0.56
0.50
0.44
0.10
1.71
2.43
13.12
0.53
1.28
0.37
0.41
3.29
4.80
0.59
0.26
2.54
1.77
0.44
1.04
0.48
0.35
2.47
0.59
0.51
1.51
0.53
3.00
2.31
29.07
0.20
0.30
0.60
6.30
0.27
0.17
0.15
7.99
3.77
1.46
0.44
0.90
0.36
0.46
6.36
1.68
1.28
16.71
0.77
1.51
0.56
1.15
3.54
7.53
2.00
0.23
21.54
0.75
7.38
3.29
8.95
1.54
0.31
0.94
0.64
2.69
4.64
0.17
1.99
2.34
0.76
0.71
60.88
178.54
88.02
90.52
22.47
4.61
3.75
34.94
43.30
1.37
5.43
0.71
0.59
0.53
0.43
0.09
1.52
2.44
13.11
0.50
1.26
0.39
0.39
3.19
4.67
0.59
0.28
2.42
1.69
0.41
1.04
0.49
0.38
2.46
0.58
0.46
1.55
0.48
3.00
2.30
28.53
0.20
0.34
0.62
6.60
0.28
0.15
0.15
8.34
3.50
1.39
0.42
0.92
0.37
0.48
6.98
1.67
1.28
17.02
0.80
1.63
0.53
1.13
3.56
7.65
2.01
0.26
22.39
0.72
7.59
3.25
8.50
1.54
0.32
0.97
0.68
2.76
4.62
0.19
2.06
2.35
0.78
0.76
61.72
179.65
87.07
92.58
22.02
4.62
3.70
35.66
43.99
1.39
5.09
0.72
0.63
0.51
0.46
0.09
1.42
2.57
12.90
0.50
1.30
0.38
0.39
3.19
4.67
0.61
0.30
2.56
1.65
0.42
1.09
0.48
0.38
2.54
0.57
0.47
1.85
0.43
3.08
2.40
29.25
0.20
0.29
0.73
6.34
0.28
0.15
0.15
8.16
3.09
1.40
0.45
0.88
0.38
0.57
7.24
1.82
1.11
16.92
0.85
1.68
0.52
1.25
3.61
7.91
1.99
0.27
24.24
0.78
8.20
3.05
8.16
1.43
0.33
1.06
0.77
2.91
4.84
0.18
2.11
2.44
0.87
0.86
64.50
183.63
88.43
95.20
22.38
4.61
3.73
35.92
44.27
1.35
4.83
0.76
0.65
0.48
0.49
0.10
1.08
2.67
12.42
0.52
1.32
0.35
0.41
3.17
4.76
0.61
0.30
2.54
1.71
0.40
1.20
0.49
0.40
2.63
0.59
0.44
1.98
0.45
3.18
2.49
29.93
0.20
0.29
0.69
6.48
0.28
0.16
0.17
8.26
3.07
1.55
0.46
0.84
0.39
0.60
7.16
1.97
1.07
17.11
0.83
1.72
0.54
1.20
3.69
7.97
2.00
0.30
25.06
0.81
8.99
2.96
7.94
1.60
0.34
1.18
0.83
3.02
5.22
0.21
2.12
2.54
0.93
0.86
66.91
186.87
89.53
97.34
22.81
4.57
3.59
36.28
44.44
1.34
4.90
0.73
0.63
0.47
0.51
0.09
1.00
2.66
12.33
0.53
1.34
0.42
0.40
3.18
4.87
0.63
0.33
2.57
1.64
0.40
1.30
0.49
0.42
2.64
0.58
0.45
2.07
0.46
3.19
2.58
30.47
0.20
0.29
0.77
6.46
0.28
0.16
0.16
8.32
3.13
1.48
0.50
0.88
0.46
0.54
6.99
1.95
1.09
17.01
0.81
1.60
0.57
1.19
3.86
8.03
2.09
0.33
26.20
0.92
9.26
3.15
7.82
1.51
0.36
1.22
0.89
3.10
5.27
0.23
2.09
2.60
0.97
0.88
68.91
189.50
90.20
99.30
23.20
4.73
3.51
37.14
45.38
1.27
4.72
0.76
0.65
0.51
0.52
0.09
0.82
2.69
12.04
0.53
1.42
0.42
0.40
3.17
4.63
0.62
0.35
2.63
1.68
0.41
1.33
0.49
0.43
2.69
0.55
0.43
2.00
0.47
3.15
2.60
30.41
0.21
0.32
0.81
6.56
0.28
0.18
0.19
8.55
3.27
1.45
0.49
0.88
0.47
0.55
6.60
1.94
1.08
16.73
0.83
1.47
0.55
1.19
4.14
8.18
2.13
0.38
27.06
0.93
9.68
3.22
7.58
1.52
0.36
1.02
0.89
3.14
5.22
0.23
2.09
2.61
1.04
0.94
70.03
191.33
90.86
100.46
23.25
4.78
3.24
37.13
45.15
1.15
4.81
0.76
0.68
0.49
0.54
0.08
0.59
2.74
11.84
0.55
1.33
0.42
0.39
3.14
4.66
0.64
0.35
2.55
1.64
0.39
1.36
0.50
0.45
2.70
0.59
0.44
2.01
0.48
3.08
2.59
30.27
0.21
0.30
0.76
6.72
0.29
0.19
0.18
8.64
3.53
1.47
0.50
0.83
0.48
0.60
6.67
1.86
1.09
17.03
0.85
1.48
0.56
1.17
4.21
8.28
2.11
0.38
27.94
0.87
9.99
3.16
7.32
1.59
0.36
0.90
0.91
3.05
5.16
0.25
1.98
2.62
1.10
0.96
70.67
191.89
90.16
101.73
23.17
4.26
2.46
32.54
39.27
1.03
4.61
0.69
0.55
0.40
0.40
0.08
0.48
2.37
10.62
0.48
0.93
0.37
0.35
2.68
4.21
0.51
0.33
2.13
1.51
0.37
1.28
0.41
0.44
2.21
0.55
0.37
1.82
0.45
2.39
2.28
26.07
0.18
0.28
0.75
6.39
0.28
0.16
0.16
8.19
3.31
1.29
0.42
0.76
0.42
0.45
6.51
1.51
1.03
15.71
0.72
1.33
0.50
1.02
3.62
7.19
1.83
0.33
28.50
0.61
9.02
2.34
6.49
1.38
0.30
0.88
0.75
2.93
4.90
0.21
1.89
2.39
0.98
0.94
66.68
173.73
78.52
95.21
20.03
-11.1%
-24.0%
-12.6%
-13.3%
-10.1%
-4.5%
-9.1%
-19.0%
-19.8%
-24.9%
-3.2%
-18.6%
-13.7%
-10.6%
-13.4%
-30.2%
-12.6%
-9.4%
-15.1%
-9.9%
-20.0%
-7.4%
-16.6%
-8.0%
-4.9%
-5.8%
-18.4%
-1.9%
-18.4%
-8.1%
-17.1%
-9.4%
-5.2%
-22.8%
-12.5%
-14.1%
-12.6%
-8.5%
-1.6%
-5.1%
-5.3%
-13.6%
-12.9%
-5.5%
-6.5%
-12.5%
-16.1%
-8.6%
-13.0%
-25.4%
-2.6%
-18.9%
-5.4%
-8.0%
-15.3%
-10.4%
-11.4%
-13.7%
-14.3%
-13.4%
-13.5%
-12.2%
1.7%
-29.8%
-9.9%
-26.2%
-11.5%
-13.9%
-17.3%
-2.5%
-18.2%
-4.0%
-5.3%
-16.2%
-5.0%
-9.3%
-11.7%
-2.4%
-5.9%
-9.7%
-13.1%
-6.7%
-13.8%
0.9%
-1.8%
0.6%
0.4%
0.5%
1.5%
-0.3%
3.5%
2.5%
4.1%
-1.2%
-8.4%
1.1%
0.5%
0.5%
◆
0.4%
-0.4%
-1.5%
-0.3%
-2.9%
1.5%
-2.1%
-1.5%
-0.9%
2.1%
-1.0%
1.4%
-1.1%
-1.0%
-1.8%
3.6%
-2.4%
-0.5%
0.1%
-0.5%
3.7%
-2.5%
6.5%
1.9%
3.0%
-0.5%
3.2%
2.1%
-0.2%
3.0%
0.7%
0.3%
7.2%
8.5%
2.5%
4.1%
-3.8%
1.6%
2.8%
0.2%
1.9%
1.2%
2.9%
2.1%
1.8%
9.5%
5.3%
2.1%
4.5%
1.5%
-1.7%
2.2%
1.9%
0.2%
4.3%
2.7%
1.7%
3.1%
-0.2%
2.7%
6.0%
5.8%
3.0%
1.4%
◆
2.8%
-0.8%
Share
2020
2.5%
1.4%
18.7%
22.6%
0.6%
2.7%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
◆
0.3%
1.4%
6.1%
0.3%
0.5%
0.2%
0.2%
1.5%
2.4%
0.3%
0.2%
1.2%
0.9%
0.2%
0.7%
0.2%
0.3%
1.3%
0.3%
0.2%
1.0%
0.3%
1.4%
1.3%
15.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.4%
3.7%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
4.7%
1.9%
0.7%
0.2%
0.4%
0.2%
0.3%
3.7%
0.9%
0.6%
9.0%
0.4%
0.8%
0.3%
0.6%
2.1%
4.1%
1.1%
0.2%
16.4%
0.4%
5.2%
1.3%
3.7%
0.8%
0.2%
0.5%
0.4%
1.7%
2.8%
0.1%
1.1%
1.4%
0.6%
0.5%
38.4%
100.0%
45.2%
54.8%
11.5%
*Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and derivatives of coal and natural gas are
excluded. Derivatives of coal and natural gas are included.
than 0.05%.
Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels,
and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using exajoules figures.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
Oil consumption data expressed in million tonnes is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
◆Less
24
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Oil: Production by region
Oil: Consumption by region
Million barrels daily
Million barrels daily
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
CIS
95
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
00
05
10
15
20
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
95
00
05
10
15
20
0
World oil production fell for the first time since 2009 by 6.6 million b/d in 2020 driven by both OPEC (-4.3 million b/d) and non-OPEC (-2.3 million b/d). Country wise,
Russia (-1 million b/d), Libya (-920,000 b/d) and Saudi Arabia (-790,000 b/d). Production only increased in a few countries, mainly Norway (260,000 b/d) and Brazil
(150,000 b/d). Oil consumption also dropped for the first time since 2009 by a massive 9.1 million b/d. The decline was in both the OECD (-5.8 million b/d) and the nonOECD (-3.3 million b/d). The US (-2.3 million b/d), the European Union (-1.5 million b/d) and India (-480,000 b/d) reported the largest declines. China was one of the few
countries where demand increased in 2020 (220,000 b/d).
Oil: Consumption per capita 2020
GJ per capita
0-20
20- 40
40-60
60-100
> 100
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
25
Oil: Regional consumption – by product group
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
North America
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total North America
of which: US
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total US
S. & Cent. America
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total S. & Cent. America
of which: Brazil
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total Brazil
Europe
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total Europe
of which: European Union
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total European Union
CIS
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total CIS
Middle East
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total Middle East
Africa
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total Africa
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
3022
379
9696
1618
4940
803
2289
22747
3098
366
9432
1604
5010
727
2226
22462
3116
332
9356
1582
4790
657
2259
22093
3293
379
9492
1631
4814
580
2276
22465
3230
350
9566
1676
5032
451
2206
22510
3314
337
9801
1767
4986
423
2277
22906
3380
329
9967
1842
4794
472
2240
23025
3410
285
9945
1920
4880
517
2227
23184
3744
291
9949
1964
5144
472
2219
23784
3809
263
9899
2000
5035
396
2309
23710
3874
228
8456
1199
4554
304
2158
20772
1.7%
-13.4%
-14.6%
-40.0%
-9.6%
-23.1%
-6.6%
-12.4%
2.8% 18.6%
-1.4%
1.1%
0.1% 40.7%
2.4%
5.8%
0.7% 21.9%
-7.1%
1.5%
0.2% 10.4%
0.6% 100.0%
2162
256
8168
1452
3995
532
1756
18322
2212
254
7926
1438
4022
459
1685
17997
2239
236
7858
1403
3816
367
1666
17586
2441
270
7993
1440
3838
317
1711
18011
2384
231
8056
1479
4060
256
1665
18131
2446
223
8280
1555
4005
258
1757
18524
2468
219
8394
1623
3845
325
1749
18622
2527
228
8393
1687
3925
341
1776
18878
2875
233
8400
1712
4133
317
1777
19447
2935
207
8372
1750
4094
275
1841
19475
2984
185
7222
1086
3756
217
1729
17178
1.7%
-10.8%
-13.7%
-38.0%
-8.3%
-21.1%
-6.1%
-11.8%
3.7% 17.4%
-1.7%
1.1%
0.1% 42.0%
2.2%
6.3%
0.7% 21.9%
-5.9%
1.3%
0.7% 10.1%
0.8% 100.0%
640
187
1258
270
2029
709
716
5809
675
184
1382
284
2120
688
732
6065
712
185
1450
297
2219
698
699
6260
715
161
1504
303
2326
677
805
6491
707
156
1526
322
2317
689
761
6478
695
168
1488
326
2289
684
727
6377
711
154
1516
330
2213
624
604
6151
716
171
1525
331
2204
561
628
6136
715
150
1443
346
2217
525
604
6000
674
179
1377
352
2220
518
568
5889
667
156
1153
190
2104
477
527
5274
-1.0%
-13.1%
-16.3%
-46.0%
-5.2%
-8.0%
-7.2%
-10.4%
0.4% 12.7%
-0.2%
3.0%
1.6% 21.9%
3.6%
3.6%
1.8% 39.9%
-3.4%
9.0%
-1.8% 10.0%
0.6% 100.0%
267
173
393
108
849
152
329
2271
290
168
468
120
901
126
359
2432
300
169
514
126
961
126
315
2509
316
147
549
125
1009
139
371
2655
307
142
575
129
1034
161
376
2725
296
155
522
127
986
149
323
2558
299
145
541
116
933
112
287
2433
305
163
556
115
944
110
287
2481
304
142
483
124
959
90
290
2392
305
171
481
120
987
91
282
2438
302
149
449
61
988
94
279
2323
-1.1%
-13.0%
-6.5%
-49.3%
3.8%
-1.1%
-4.8%
1.7% 13.0%
0.2%
6.4%
3.9% 19.4%
2.5%
2.6%
3.0% 42.5%
-6.5%
4.1%
-1.1% 12.0%
1.6% 100.0%
1021
1119
2301
1249
6381
1325
1947
15344
1010
996
2201
1253
6256
1277
1921
14914
1003
963
2084
1226
6137
1158
1823
14393
1123
947
2015
1247
6200
1033
1658
14223
1147
906
1983
1278
6105
959
1601
13980
1160
881
1932
1347
6396
914
1689
14319
1207
897
1935
1391
6496
953
1740
14619
1241
921
1939
1474
6642
967
1745
14929
1260
837
2008
1542
6597
979
1686
14908
1208
782
2037
1571
6620
941
1667
14826
1131
812
1768
737
6077
661
1602
12788
-6.4%
3.8%
-13.2%
-53.1%
-8.2%
-29.7%
-3.9%
-13.8%
1.6%
8.8%
-2.9%
6.3%
-1.8% 13.8%
2.3%
5.8%
0.5% 47.5%
-4.3%
5.2%
-1.7% 12.5%
-0.4% 100.0%
667
1045
1673
825
5087
1148
1553
11998
662
931
1602
836
4947
1106
1547
11632
677
896
1516
817
4782
1003
1463
11154
786
884
1470
817
4810
885
1302
10954
796
848
1466
824
4713
820
1280
10748
781
808
1441
858
4913
784
1327
10911
798
817
1449
898
4973
822
1334
11090
822
835
1463
961
5068
825
1344
11318
838
762
1543
1012
5036
852
1305
11348
799
700
1573
1036
5077
824
1287
11298
720
742
1377
463
4673
568
1230
9774
-9.9%
5.9%
-12.5%
-55.3%
-7.9%
-31.0%
-4.5%
-13.5%
1.9%
7.4%
-3.3%
7.6%
-1.2% 14.1%
2.4%
4.7%
0.1% 47.8%
-3.9%
5.8%
-2.1% 12.6%
-0.7% 100.0%
387
193
971
280
870
332
545
3578
442
191
984
312
970
354
620
3873
468
176
1031
317
985
352
661
3991
421
119
1075
313
1096
398
586
4008
418
115
1087
291
1137
467
649
4165
439
125
1069
271
1150
380
668
4102
456
126
1063
350
1060
401
700
4156
476
138
1056
391
1111
340
694
4205
488
156
1067
362
1166
357
724
4320
523
151
1052
345
1191
376
729
4367
564
151
971
293
1126
323
720
4149
8.0%
0.2%
-7.8%
-15.0%
-5.4%
-14.1%
-1.3%
-5.0%
2.8% 13.6%
-1.7%
3.6%
1.3% 23.4%
2.7%
7.1%
4.2% 27.2%
1.0%
7.8%
2.0% 17.4%
2.2% 100.0%
1578
258
1379
437
1852
1918
374
7796
1736
291
1416
428
1971
1947
386
8176
1844
300
1495
442
2046
2010
365
8502
1806
275
1587
504
2121
2036
361
8690
1892
333
1613
488
2057
2123
379
8885
1923
335
1639
575
1900
2064
437
8873
2050
335
1678
601
1798
2038
502
9002
2106
342
1785
573
1704
2043
447
9000
2141
306
1823
558
1677
1964
411
8879
2076
365
1852
588
1773
1925
432
9011
2047
368
1521
282
1732
1996
376
8321
-1.4%
0.9%
-17.9%
-52.1%
-2.3%
3.7%
-12.9%
-7.7%
4.8% 24.6%
3.5%
4.4%
3.3% 18.3%
2.8%
3.4%
-0.4% 20.8%
0.6% 24.0%
0.2%
4.5%
2.0% 100.0%
363
27
810
320
1312
442
192
3467
373
7
810
304
1323
379
187
3383
381
3
866
308
1380
429
186
3553
387
4
880
319
1480
428
194
3691
388
6
898
301
1539
427
192
3749
386
5
975
261
1634
418
198
3877
396
6
1043
254
1605
410
192
3906
414
7
1080
261
1636
379
179
3956
430
7
1182
263
1643
338
183
4045
439
7
1204
262
1679
321
186
4098
432
6
999
161
1522
275
165
3559
-1.6%
-10.3%
-17.1%
-38.6%
-9.3%
-14.6%
-11.2%
-13.1%
2.3% 12.1%
-13.7%
0.2%
4.5% 28.1%
-1.2%
4.5%
3.2% 42.8%
-2.8%
7.7%
-1.0%
4.6%
2.2% 100.0%
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Table continues on next page.
26
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
◆
2009-19
Share
2020
2010
Oil: Regional consumption – by product group (continued)
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
Asia Pacific
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total Asia Pacific
of which: China
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total China
of which: India
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total India
of which: Japan
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total Japan
World
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total World
OECD
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total OECD
Non-OECD
Ethane and LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Jet/kerosene
Diesel/gasoil
Fuel oil
Others
Total Non-OECD
2009-19
Share
2020
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2757
3504
4619
2208
7767
3053
3919
27828
2872
3523
4796
2216
8115
3105
4030
28658
2958
3690
5075
2248
8524
3225
4094
29815
3058
3823
5456
2319
8617
2968
4179
30421
3228
3975
5579
2361
8646
2801
4322
30911
3369
4228
6107
2441
8843
2812
4532
32332
3745
4287
6343
2584
8847
2866
4851
33523
4012
4460
6550
2720
9068
2737
5144
34690
4222
4494
6766
2831
9223
2574
5220
35330
4291
4531
6991
2835
9283
2328
5439
35698
4240
4534
6458
1925
8650
2358
5451
33615
-1.2%
0.1%
-7.6%
-32.1%
-6.8%
1.3%
0.2%
-5.8%
5.0% 12.6%
3.5% 13.5%
4.9% 19.2%
3.3%
5.7%
2.4% 25.7%
-2.6%
7.0%
4.6% 16.2%
3.2% 100.0%
677
778
1591
437
3005
666
2235
9390
691
811
1738
459
3196
588
2257
9739
689
868
1863
495
3453
560
2243
10170
771
914
2143
546
3503
564
2227
10668
884
1032
2236
588
3506
584
2290
11120
1028
1115
2601
654
3540
622
2505
12066
1207
1188
2707
731
3420
593
2653
12499
1351
1277
2813
821
3427
555
2895
13137
1408
1338
2983
903
3435
556
2953
13576
1403
1444
3111
956
3430
563
3098
14005
1458
1569
2942
795
3501
644
3316
14225
3.9%
8.7%
-5.4%
-16.9%
2.1%
14.5%
7.0%
1.6%
8.2% 10.2%
9.2% 11.0%
8.2% 20.7%
10.2%
5.6%
2.2% 24.6%
-1.6%
4.5%
5.6% 23.3%
5.4% 100.0%
490
231
288
301
1216
199
583
3308
534
243
302
300
1299
178
618
3475
548
262
321
279
1404
147
713
3674
558
250
353
274
1408
117
756
3717
613
240
382
276
1416
107
798
3832
661
285
441
280
1491
113
875
4147
750
288
490
274
1571
136
1035
4544
858
238
539
249
1627
122
1092
4724
971
238
575
254
1701
120
1115
4974
1047
225
621
235
1728
114
1178
5148
1056
250
553
132
1477
110
1092
4669
0.9%
11.2%
-11.0%
-44.0%
-14.5%
-3.3%
-7.3%
-9.3%
8.6% 22.6%
-1.3%
5.4%
9.1% 11.8%
-2.4%
2.8%
4.3% 31.6%
-6.5%
2.4%
7.0% 23.4%
4.8% 100.0%
492
677
1001
550
841
442
422
4424
496
632
974
527
816
577
391
4412
536
614
975
539
821
824
367
4676
508
666
945
528
817
646
387
4496
492
637
915
516
803
532
384
4279
443
680
905
495
786
433
373
4113
419
642
896
504
786
371
370
3988
424
675
881
514
782
284
393
3953
402
621
865
499
782
269
388
3824
352
632
842
486
771
210
397
3689
324
574
774
367
722
190
317
3268
-7.8%
-9.2%
-8.1%
-24.4%
-6.4%
-9.5%
-20.1%
-11.4%
-3.5%
9769
5666
21034
6384
25150
8583
9982
86568
10207
5558
21022
6401
25764
8477
10102
87530
10483
5649
21358
6420
26081
8529
10087
88607
10803
5708
22009
6636
26655
8118
10060
89988
11009
5841
22251
6717
26832
7917
10109
90677
11287
6079
23011
6988
27198
7695
10528
92787
11945
6133
23545
7352
26813
7764
10828
94381
12374
6324
23881
7670
27243
7544
11063
96099
12998
6240
24237
7865
27669
7209
11046
97265
13020
6278
24412
7953
27801
6805
11330
97598
12955
6255
21325
4787
25765
6393
10998
88477
-0.5%
-0.4%
-12.6%
-39.8%
-7.3%
-6.0%
-2.9%
-9.3%
3.5% 14.6%
1.9%
7.1%
1.6% 24.1%
2.6%
5.4%
1.5% 29.1%
-2.4%
7.2%
1.7% 12.4%
1.5% 100.0%
4924
3099
13500
3777
12855
2789
4741
45684
4968
2986
13111
3744
12838
2769
4658
45074
5008
2987
12943
3716
12566
2848
4561
44628
5265
3057
13011
3781
12665
2449
4428
44656
5190
3000
13044
3851
12790
2097
4267
44239
5222
3042
13267
4006
13067
1932
4415
44950
5356
3047
13454
4160
12993
1986
4430
45426
5408
3145
13428
4340
13244
1903
4448
45916
5741
2991
13487
4453
13473
1850
4378
46372
5731
2884
13459
4510
13379
1637
4457
46056
5686
2726
11615
2565
12250
1282
4159
40282
-0.8%
-5.5%
-13.7%
-43.1%
-8.4%
-21.7%
-6.7%
-12.5%
1.8% 14.1%
◆
6.8%
-0.2% 28.8%
2.0%
6.4%
0.7% 30.4%
-5.7%
3.2%
-0.7% 10.3%
0.2% 100.0%
4845
2567
7534
2607
12296
5794
5241
40884
5239
2571
7911
2656
12926
5709
5444
42456
5475
2662
8415
2705
13515
5681
5526
43979
5537
2651
8999
2854
13990
5670
5632
45333
5819
2842
9208
2866
14042
5820
5842
46438
6065
3037
9744
2982
14131
5763
6113
47836
6589
3086
10091
3192
13819
5778
6398
48954
6966
3179
10453
3330
14000
5641
6615
50184
7258
3249
10751
3412
14196
5359
6668
50892
7289
3394
10954
3443
14422
5167
6873
51542
7269
3529
9710
2222
13515
5111
6839
48195
-0.3%
4.0%
-11.4%
-35.5%
-6.3%
-1.1%
-0.5%
-6.5%
5.1% 15.1%
3.8%
7.3%
4.5% 20.1%
3.5%
4.6%
2.2% 28.0%
-1.0% 10.6%
3.5% 14.2%
3.0% 100.0%
◆
-1.6%
-1.1%
-0.8%
-7.3%
-0.7%
-1.7%
9.9%
17.6%
23.7%
11.2%
22.1%
5.8%
9.7%
100.0%
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Notes: Gasoline includes motor and aviation gasoline, gasolines and light distillate feedstock (LDF).
Diesel/gasoil includes marine gasoil.
‘Fuel oil’ includes marine bunkers and crude oil used directly for fuel.
‘Others’ consists of refinery gas, solvents, petroleum coke, lubricants, bitumen, wax, other refined products and refinery fuel and loss.
Gasoline and naphtha belong to the category ‘Light Distillates’.
Diesel/gasoil and jet/kerosene make up ‘Middle Distillates’.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
27
Spot crude prices
US dollars per barrel
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Dubai
$/bbl*
Brent
$/bbl†
Nigerian
Forcados
$/bbl
West Texas
Intermediate
$/bbl‡
27.53
13.10
16.95
13.18
15.59
20.21
16.70
17.18
14.99
14.69
16.08
19.26
18.31
12.30
16.90
26.27
22.78
23.60
26.75
33.51
46.78
61.48
67.92
94.28
61.14
77.78
105.93
109.06
105.47
97.02
51.22
41.02
53.02
70.15
63.71
42.41
27.56
14.43
18.44
14.92
18.23
23.73
20.00
19.32
16.97
15.82
17.02
20.67
19.09
12.72
17.97
28.50
24.44
25.02
28.83
38.27
54.52
65.14
72.39
97.26
61.67
79.50
111.26
111.67
108.66
98.95
52.39
43.73
54.19
71.31
64.21
41.84
27.75
14.46
18.39
15.00
18.30
23.85
20.11
19.61
17.41
16.25
17.26
21.16
19.33
12.63
17.98
28.42
24.23
25.04
28.68
38.13
55.69
67.07
74.48
101.43
63.35
81.05
113.65
114.21
111.95
101.35
54.41
44.54
54.31
72.47
64.95
42.31
27.98
15.05
19.19
15.98
19.67
24.46
21.53
20.57
18.45
17.21
18.42
22.16
20.61
14.39
19.31
30.37
25.93
26.16
31.06
41.49
56.59
66.04
72.20
100.06
61.92
79.45
95.04
94.13
97.99
93.28
48.71
43.34
50.79
65.20
57.03
39.25
*1973-1985 Arabian Light, 1986-2020 Dubai dated.
†1976-1983 Forties, 1984-2020 Brent dated.
‡1976-1983 Posted WTI prices, 1984-2020 Spot WTI (Cushing) prices.
Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2020, S&P Global Inc.
Crude oil prices 1861-2020
US dollars per barrel
World events
Yom Kippur war
Iranian revolution
Post-war reconstruction
Fears of shortage in US
Growth of Venezuelan
production
Pennsylvanian
oil boom
Russian
oil exports
began
East Texas field
discovered
Sumatra Discovery of
production Spindletop,
began
Texas
Netback
pricing
introduced
Loss of Iranian
supplies
Suez crisis
Iraq
invaded
Kuwait
Asian financial crisis
Invasion
of Iraq
‘Arab
Spring’
Covid-19
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1861-69
1870-79
1880-89
1890-99
1900-09
1910-19
1920-29
$ 2020 (deflated using the Consumer Price Index for the US)
$ money of the day
28
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
1930-39
1940-49
1950-59
1960-69
1970-79
1980-89
1990-99
2000-09
2010-19
2020-29
0
1861-1944 US average.
1945-1983 Arabian Light posted at Ras Tanura.
1984-2020 Brent dated.
Oil product prices (Rotterdam)
Product differentials to crude
(Rotterdam products minus Dated Brent)
US dollars per barrel
US dollars per barrel
Gasoline
Gas oil
High sulphur fuel oil
160
Gasoline
Gas oil
High sulphur fuel oil
140
40
30
20
120
10
100
0
80
-10
60
-20
40
-30
20
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2021, S&P Global Inc.
-40
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-50
Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2021, S&P Global Inc.
Regional refining margins
US dollars per barrel
25
USGC Medium Sour Coking
NWE Light Sweet Cracking
Singapore Medium Sour Hydrocracking
20
15
10
5
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
-5
20
Note: The refining margins presented are benchmark margins for three major global refining centres. US Gulf Coast (USGC), North West Europe (NWE – Rotterdam)
and Singapore. In each case they are based on a single crude oil appropriate for that region and have optimized product yields based on a generic refinery configuration
(cracking, hydrocracking or coking), again appropriate for that region. The margins are on a semi-variable basis, i.e. the margin after all variable costs and fixed energy costs.
Refinery utilization
Percentage (based on average annual capacity)
100
90
80
70
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
10
11
CIS
Middle East
Africa
12
60
Asia Pacific
World
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
50
Global refinery throughput dropped by 7.4 million b/d (-9.0%) in 2020 reflecting the weakness in demand for oil products. This is the largest fall in crude runs on record,
surpassing the previous record -5.4% fall in 1981. Reduced runs were seen in all regions and were greatest in North America (-2.6 million b/d, -13.6%), and Europe (-1.5
million b/d, -11.8%). Refining capacity rose by just 0.2 million b/d, with additions in Asia being offset by closures in the US and Europe. As a result, global refinery utilization
also fell dramatically by 8.0 percentage points to 74.1%, the largest annual decline on record. Utilization in South and Central America and Africa fell to new all-time lows of
53.3% and 54.6% respectively.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
29
Oil: Refinery throughput
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily*
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Curacao
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
1770
1184
14724
17678
531
1787
159
300
64
137
201
126
969
700
4974
158
668
110
159
146
211
1314
1915
393
128
1673
190
1156
259
458
227
217
110
1060
406
392
249
1395
184
13327
124
330
257
5018
170
73
3
5975
265
1830
520
217
892
167
294
1922
571
381
7059
548
580
110
96
400
701
2434
606
8408
3899
853
3619
470
100
190
181
979
2390
876
963
121
96
23775
75223
37635
37588
10841
1681
1166
14806
17653
516
1813
173
306
164
156
193
137
991
704
5153
168
598
102
143
137
225
1313
1876
331
132
1570
189
1115
289
482
206
194
120
1051
374
394
206
1433
158
12953
127
411
326
5185
164
69
3
6286
259
1874
543
218
852
201
278
1884
635
349
7092
520
523
103
108
393
512
2160
627
8686
4085
880
3410
516
108
193
190
1035
2533
809
934
137
100
24267
75564
37321
38244
10452
1753
1199
14999
17951
530
1889
164
305
165
152
190
107
936
326
4764
170
634
118
145
153
215
1138
1901
410
122
1475
181
1110
287
505
221
182
108
1186
417
398
108
1348
132
12793
124
434
331
5438
156
62
2
6548
263
1933
579
220
916
193
292
1953
638
268
7254
478
534
111
92
413
586
2214
600
9199
4302
820
3400
575
109
192
170
1020
2582
897
986
126
89
25090
76614
37583
39031
10513
1719
1223
15312
18254
527
2035
174
284
170
141
186
132
952
286
4887
174
555
113
134
144
227
1117
1857
399
120
1259
192
1065
292
488
239
189
116
1168
332
421
85
1197
136
12173
132
425
341
5636
146
61
2
6742
264
2000
598
221
873
187
270
1876
650
238
7177
492
514
111
97
422
594
2230
588
9599
4462
822
3453
557
105
223
158
936
2484
847
1056
148
98
25563
77027
37212
39815
10005
1615
1155
15848
18618
526
2085
174
247
189
125
188
105
920
277
4836
173
645
104
151
139
225
1096
1833
416
131
1198
160
1090
274
486
217
194
105
1185
380
406
69
1125
128
12082
135
448
361
5926
136
50
4
7060
257
1941
487
226
879
180
261
2201
643
230
7306
615
530
104
64
440
444
2197
538
10165
4475
848
3289
552
101
232
168
839
2516
850
1005
129
95
25826
77925
37297
40628
10029
1640
1064
16188
18892
536
1972
165
244
178
121
188
125
863
275
4667
179
644
121
145
147
197
1152
1875
436
130
1347
170
1157
293
532
278
208
119
1306
401
526
64
1118
141
12810
130
462
342
5773
127
57
7
6899
266
1868
409
232
905
190
253
2447
1098
181
7847
591
530
53
22
453
455
2103
427
10824
4561
836
3258
514
109
257
212
901
2784
838
1107
155
87
26896
80113
38387
41727
10670
1594
933
16187
18714
511
1812
163
339
156
150
194
148
654
231
4359
164
640
125
109
140
226
1122
1887
464
133
1293
187
1172
230
517
279
228
115
1302
395
531
64
1071
148
12666
120
372
339
5715
118
57
8
6730
258
1875
440
213
841
178
280
2753
1078
144
8059
584
509
–
62
474
459
2087
433
11304
4930
885
3280
574
107
242
216
929
2928
861
1056
155
103
28026
80641
38279
42362
10627
1757
767
16590
19114
500
1741
172
355
84
156
213
131
544
201
4097
162
685
136
158
151
226
1149
1870
483
131
1399
197
1180
281
508
284
225
112
1326
392
542
77
1073
165
13032
118
364
355
5703
125
58
9
6732
262
1961
527
223
686
232
379
2802
1119
161
8351
573
508
–
81
447
429
2038
419
11844
5010
885
3214
570
108
261
211
994
3061
848
1093
141
100
28788
82152
39096
43056
10907
1653
612
16969
19234
470
1733
172
383
29
159
209
99
306
249
3808
180
663
118
151
152
233
1085
1775
489
141
1346
195
1192
305
540
252
232
109
1363
406
472
59
1041
166
12787
122
366
374
5864
117
70
11
6923
260
2027
596
238
679
304
397
2770
1096
153
8519
601
519
–
44
455
446
2065
474
12574
5154
916
3059
566
103
275
237
974
3031
889
1131
221
98
29727
83063
38905
44158
10755
1822
592
16563
18977
476
1751
186
384
4
142
192
–
135
241
3512
183
693
137
158
154
240
978
1763
462
137
1355
191
1217
265
546
223
244
103
1318
337
675
64
1044
123
12715
124
359
392
5824
122
60
7
6889
264
2236
611
242
663
257
396
2649
1037
165
8519
569
562
–
7
453
447
2039
465
13433
5119
918
3046
586
110
243
180
930
2922
890
1025
276
130
30303
82954
38478
44476
10542
1585
591
14212
16387
417
1769
177
330
–
116
105
–
123
250
3288
161
544
98
122
142
219
662
1701
445
135
1115
167
1134
235
513
214
206
112
1105
349
654
68
886
112
11211
118
313
367
5498
118
57
4
6475
222
2182
536
193
539
238
366
2326
871
166
7639
557
602
–
0
338
328
1826
388
13857
4493
826
2492
491
76
210
106
798
2679
726
1005
276
241
28685
75512
33449
42063
9240
*Atmospheric distillation capacity on a calendar-day basis.
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
30
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
2020
2009-19
Share
2020
-13.0%
0.5%
2.1%
-0.2%
-6.7%
0.8%
-14.2%
1.5% 18.8%
-13.6%
1.0% 21.7%
-12.4%
-1.1%
0.6%
1.0%
-0.2%
2.3%
-4.8%
-0.3%
0.2%
-14.1%
2.4%
0.4%
-100.0%
-31.4%
–
-18.1%
-0.9%
0.2%
-45.2%
-0.3%
0.1%
n/a -100.0%
–
-8.9%
-17.8%
0.2%
3.4%
-11.2%
0.3%
-6.4%
-3.9%
4.4%
-12.1%
0.8%
0.2%
-21.5%
1.0%
0.7%
-28.4%
0.9%
0.1%
-22.9%
0.6%
0.2%
-7.3%
-0.2%
0.2%
-8.6%
0.9%
0.3%
-32.3%
-3.9%
0.9%
-3.5%
-1.4%
2.3%
-3.7%
3.0%
0.6%
-1.6%
0.7%
0.2%
-17.7%
-1.7%
1.5%
-12.6%
0.9%
0.2%
-6.8%
1.0%
1.5%
-11.3%
-0.5%
0.3%
-6.1%
3.0%
0.7%
-4.4%
0.7%
0.3%
-15.5%
-0.1%
0.3%
8.8%
-1.1%
0.1%
-16.2%
2.2%
1.5%
3.6%
-1.6%
0.5%
-3.1%
6.1%
0.9%
5.9%
-12.9%
0.1%
-15.1%
-3.2%
1.2%
-8.7%
-4.7%
0.1%
-11.8%
-0.5% 14.8%
-5.4%
0.3%
0.2%
-12.7%
-1.9%
0.4%
-6.4%
5.2%
0.5%
-5.6%
2.0%
7.3%
-3.4%
-2.1%
0.2%
-4.9%
-3.7%
0.1%
◆
-43.9%
10.8%
-6.0%
1.7%
8.6%
-16.1%
0.3%
0.3%
-2.4%
2.0%
2.9%
-12.3%
3.9%
0.7%
-20.2%
0.9%
0.3%
-18.6%
-2.7%
0.7%
-7.1%
2.4%
0.3%
-7.6%
9.6%
0.5%
-12.2%
3.2%
3.1%
-16.0%
7.7%
1.2%
0.6%
-8.1%
0.2%
-10.3%
2.3% 10.1%
-2.2%
1.8%
0.7%
7.1%
-0.6%
0.8%
n/a -100.0%
–
◆
-95.6%
-17.1%
-25.4%
1.3%
0.4%
-26.5%
-4.3%
0.4%
-10.5%
-1.2%
2.4%
-16.5%
-2.1%
0.5%
3.2%
6.1% 18.4%
-12.2%
3.5%
6.0%
-10.0%
0.2%
1.1%
-18.2%
-1.7%
3.3%
-16.2%
0.6%
0.6%
-30.9%
1.4%
0.1%
-13.8%
1.5%
0.3%
-41.1%
2.0%
0.1%
-14.2%
1.0%
1.1%
-8.3%
2.4%
3.5%
-18.5%
-0.7%
1.0%
-2.0%
0.9%
1.3%
-0.1%
25.7%
0.4%
84.8%
3.0%
0.3%
-5.3%
3.1% 38.0%
-9.0%
1.3% 100.0%
-13.1%
0.4% 44.3%
-5.4%
2.1% 55.7%
-12.4%
-0.3% 12.2%
Source: includes data from ICIS.
Oil: Refining capacity
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily*
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Curacao
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
1913
1463
17736
21112
625
1992
242
350
320
175
252
165
1303
934
6358
201
787
195
193
189
261
1702
2091
490
165
2396
241
1274
316
560
306
247
122
1421
454
613
686
1757
490
17374
325
460
330
5527
251
232
14
7139
260
1950
914
280
936
222
283
2109
702
496
8152
554
810
131
321
520
973
3309
740
12323
3703
1099
4291
582
136
279
264
1427
2774
1197
1230
162
183
30427
93871
45680
48191
13544
2005
1606
17367
20977
625
2014
250
336
320
175
252
165
1303
1046
6486
193
788
195
193
181
261
1610
2077
495
165
2276
241
1276
329
580
306
229
122
1542
454
596
700
1787
432
17244
325
460
330
5673
251
232
13
7284
260
1950
935
292
936
222
283
2107
707
496
8188
652
810
131
446
520
1014
3573
742
13015
3795
1099
4274
601
136
279
261
1427
2864
1197
1230
159
184
31302
95054
45560
49494
13432
2015
1606
17823
21443
657
2004
254
336
320
175
252
165
1303
420
5886
193
753
195
175
181
261
1513
2097
498
165
2098
241
1279
342
582
330
214
122
1546
454
596
314
1526
460
16315
325
460
330
5767
251
232
16
7381
260
2042
971
292
936
222
283
2107
712
496
8321
652
810
201
446
520
1014
3643
663
13681
4279
1099
4254
606
136
275
261
1422
2878
1197
1230
159
184
32363
95353
45388
49965
13143
1929
1606
17925
21460
657
2097
254
336
320
175
253
165
1303
380
5940
193
776
195
175
181
261
1375
2061
498
165
1861
241
1279
342
582
330
235
122
1546
454
596
1498
410
15591
325
460
350
6229
251
232
18
7865
260
2075
917
294
936
222
283
2507
712
496
8702
647
810
201
446
520
724
3347
662
14503
4319
1099
4123
612
136
390
270
1414
2878
1197
1237
159
190
33231
96136
44893
51243
12777
1929
1522
17967
21418
657
2238
258
336
320
175
253
165
1303
395
6100
193
776
195
175
180
261
1375
2077
498
165
1900
241
1279
342
582
330
228
122
1546
454
596
258
1337
410
15735
325
460
350
6366
251
232
35
8019
260
2075
791
301
936
222
283
2899
728
496
8991
651
810
201
449
520
726
3357
536
15253
4319
1099
3749
612
136
390
271
1514
3123
1197
1252
159
197
33849
97470
44501
52969
12824
1931
1522
18317
21770
657
2281
258
421
320
175
253
165
1303
403
6236
193
776
195
175
180
261
1375
2049
528
165
1900
241
1298
342
581
330
239
122
1562
454
596
250
1337
410
15703
325
460
350
6472
271
232
44
8154
260
2075
763
301
936
222
283
2899
1149
496
9384
651
810
201
449
520
726
3357
443
15024
4307
1111
3721
612
136
389
271
1514
3128
988
1252
159
197
33294
97898
44787
53111
12871
1934
1522
18617
22073
657
2289
258
421
320
175
253
165
1303
403
6244
193
776
195
175
180
261
1245
2051
528
165
1900
241
1298
342
581
330
256
122
1562
454
596
250
1227
410
15482
325
460
350
6543
271
232
45
8226
260
2075
779
301
936
222
429
2901
1149
496
9548
651
810
201
449
520
726
3357
452
14895
4620
1111
3600
618
136
389
271
1514
3259
988
1235
163
197
33490
98420
44869
53550
12761
1970
1546
18598
22113
657
2285
258
421
320
175
253
165
1303
403
6240
193
776
195
175
181
261
1245
2069
528
165
1900
241
1299
342
568
330
247
122
1562
454
596
250
1227
393
15460
205
490
360
6545
271
232
48
8151
260
2220
779
301
736
304
429
2826
1229
496
9580
657
810
201
449
520
706
3343
454
15231
4699
1111
3343
625
136
401
271
1514
3298
1083
1235
167
197
33808
98696
44700
53995
12757
1939
1558
18808
22305
580
2285
258
421
320
175
253
165
1303
403
6163
193
776
195
175
181
261
1245
2085
528
165
1900
241
1299
342
581
330
254
122
1564
454
818
250
1227
355
15683
120
520
390
6551
271
232
48
8132
260
2330
849
301
736
304
429
2835
1229
496
9769
657
795
201
454
520
711
3338
454
15655
4972
1094
3343
625
136
401
271
1514
3346
1083
1235
367
197
34735
100125
45193
54933
12758
*Atmospheric distillation capacity at year end on a calendar-day basis.
◆Less than 0.05%.
2020
2020
2009-19
2065
2054
1558
1558
18143
18974
21766
22586
580
580
2290
2290
258
258
421
421
320
320
175
175
253
253
165
165
1303
1303
403
403
6168
6168
193
193
776
776
195
195
175
175
181
181
261
261
1245
1245
2085
2085
528
528
165
165
1900
1900
241
241
1229
1291
342
342
581
581
330
330
252
252
122
122
1586
1586
454
454
822
822
250
250
1251
1227
311
355
15617
15700
120
120
520
520
400
400
6736
6676
271
271
232
232
61
51
8340
8270
260
260
2475
2495
919
919
301
301
800
736
304
304
429
429
2905
2905
1331
1307
496
496
10220
10152
657
657
795
795
200
201
460
460
520
520
711
711
3343
3344
456
455
16691
16199
5018
4994
1127
1111
3285
3343
955
625
136
136
411
401
180
271
1514
1514
3572
3393
1131
1083
1245
1235
367
367
358
357
36492
35527
101748 101947
44804
45541
57143
56207
12663
12770
0.5%
–
-4.4%
-3.6%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
-4.9%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.0%
-12.5%
-0.5%
–
–
–
0.9%
–
–
19.3%
0.8%
–
-0.8%
–
–
8.7%
–
–
–
1.8%
–
0.7%
–
–
-0.4%
–
–
–
0.4%
0.6%
0.8%
0.7%
-0.7%
1.4%
0.6%
1.9%
–
–
2019
◆
0.1%
3.0%
0.5%
1.4%
-1.7%
52.8%
–
2.5%
-33.6%
–
5.3%
4.4%
0.8%
–
0.1%
2.7%
0.2%
-1.6%
1.7%
-0.8%
◆
–
–
-8.1%
-0.3%
-0.4%
-0.1%
0.8%
-1.0%
-0.4%
–
-3.9%
-1.2%
2.2%
–
-2.3%
–
0.1%
0.8%
1.7%
0.7%
-1.2%
–
1.5%
–
3.0%
-10.3%
-3.5%
-3.2%
-1.2%
-9.5%
1.2%
1.9%
2.2%
0.8%
–
12.2%
1.7%
–
2.5%
0.7%
0.9%
-2.4%
3.2%
4.2%
3.3%
6.4%
–
2.3%
1.7%
-0.2%
4.4%
7.7%
–
-3.1%
0.4%
-4.7%
3.6%
3.4%
0.1%
-3.2%
0.9%
–
3.8%
0.1%
0.6%
2.1%
-1.0%
◆
8.5%
6.9%
1.8%
0.9%
-0.1%
1.8%
-0.8%
Share
2020
2.0%
1.5%
17.8%
21.4%
0.6%
2.2%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
1.3%
0.4%
6.1%
0.2%
0.8%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
1.2%
2.0%
0.5%
0.2%
1.9%
0.2%
1.2%
0.3%
0.6%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
1.6%
0.4%
0.8%
0.2%
1.2%
0.3%
15.3%
0.1%
0.5%
0.4%
6.6%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
8.2%
0.3%
2.4%
0.9%
0.3%
0.8%
0.3%
0.4%
2.8%
1.3%
0.5%
10.0%
0.6%
0.8%
0.2%
0.5%
0.5%
0.7%
3.3%
0.4%
16.4%
4.9%
1.1%
3.2%
0.9%
0.1%
0.4%
0.2%
1.5%
3.5%
1.1%
1.2%
0.4%
0.4%
35.8%
100.0%
43.9%
56.1%
12.4%
Source: includes data from ICIS.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
31
Oil: Trade movements
Growth rate per annum
Thousand barrels daily
Imports
US
Europe
China
India
Japan
Rest of World
Total World
Exports
Canada
Mexico
US
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Saudi Arabia
Middle East (ex Saudi Arabia)
North Africa
West Africa
Asia Pacific (ex Japan)
Rest of World
Total World
2009-19
Share
2020
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
11689
12407
5886
3749
4567
17048
55346
11338
12489
6295
3823
4494
17634
56072
10587
12721
6675
4168
4743
17812
56706
9859
12920
6978
4370
4637
20012
58776
9241
12957
7398
4155
4383
21193
59328
9451
13993
8333
4380
4332
22026
62515
10056
14354
9214
4945
4180
23776
66526
10148
14700
10241
4920
4142
25663
69814
9943
14151
11028
5196
3940
25853
70111
9142
14866
11826
5394
3780
25397
70404
7863
12611
12865
5030
3310
23381
65061
-14.0%
-15.2%
8.8%
-6.7%
-12.4%
-7.9%
-7.6%
-2.2% 12.1%
1.5% 19.4%
8.8% 19.8%
4.4%
7.7%
-1.2%
5.1%
4.0% 35.9%
2.6% 100.0%
2599
1539
2154
3568
1966
7397
2039
7595
11976
2878
4755
6226
653
55346
2798
1487
2495
3755
2139
7448
2180
8120
12188
1951
4759
6088
663
56072
3056
1366
2682
3830
2181
7457
1962
8468
11742
2602
4724
6299
338
56706
3296
1347
3563
3790
2545
7948
2166
8365
12242
2127
4590
6307
491
58776
3536
1293
4033
3939
2467
7792
2092
7911
12699
1743
4849
6450
524
59328
3836
1323
4521
4107
2926
8313
2100
7968
13537
1701
4880
6780
525
62515
3890
1380
5078
4147
3082
8814
2096
8606
15321
1727
4401
7356
625
66526
4241
1290
5888
3958
3392
8992
2201
8404
16255
2226
4531
7811
625
69814
4500
1316
7041
3739
3375
8117
2023
8581
16154
2422
4557
7731
555
70111
4689
1272
8095
3463
3148
8380
2135
8474
14921
2551
4730
7992
555
70404
4427
1252
8117
3455
2742
7433
2073
8027
13915
1550
4244
7399
428
65061
-5.6%
-1.6%
0.3%
-0.2%
-12.9%
-11.3%
-2.9%
-5.3%
-6.7%
-39.2%
-10.3%
-7.4%
-22.8%
-7.6%
6.4%
6.8%
-1.3%
1.9%
15.3% 12.5%
-0.8%
5.3%
4.3%
4.2%
1.4% 11.4%
1.4%
3.2%
1.5% 12.3%
2.4% 21.4%
-1.4%
2.4%
0.4%
6.5%
3.6% 11.4%
-8.4%
0.7%
2.6% 100.0%
Notes: Unless otherwise stated, this table shows inter-regional trade based on the regional classification in the table ‘Oil trade in 2019 and 2020’.
Bunker fuel use is not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries within Europe) are excluded.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels daily figures.
Oil: Inter-area movements 2020
To
Crude (million tonnes)
From
Canada
Mexico
US
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Iraq
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Other Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total imports
Canada
Mexico
US
S. & Cent.
America
–
–
21.3
0.4
0.9
–
†
–
–
3.7
–
–
–
1.6
†
†
†
–
–
–
†
27.9
–
–
–
†
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
†
179.7
32.8
–
30.3
2.1
3.7
0.9
8.9
1.0
24.9
0.3
–
0.9
7.1
0.4
–
–
–
–
–
0.8
293.7
0.5
0.1
8.5
–
0.7
0.4
0.1
0.3
–
2.9
†
†
1.0
3.3
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
17.8
4.7
8.4
57.9
12.3
–
138.2
66.0
44.9
2.5
41.9
0.4
1.0
31.8
65.4
0.3
†
†
†
–
–
†
475.9
–
†
24.4
0.1
3.2
0.2
†
–
–
†
†
0.1
†
†
†
†
0.2
0.2
†
0.1
0.2
28.7
1.0
–
49.9
0.6
1.8
–
†
–
–
–
–
†
†
†
†
†
0.9
–
0.1
†
0.1
54.4
25.1
4.5
–
6.1
17.4
22.3
0.5
†
0.4
1.1
0.7
1.1
1.7
0.8
†
–
0.2
3.8
1.1
1.2
7.0
95.0
0.9
0.2
71.8
–
7.2
1.2
0.1
†
†
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.8
0.9
0.2
0.1
4.7
2.8
0.2
0.9
1.1
94.5
0.7
0.1
24.6
3.2
–
57.5
6.7
†
1.7
12.4
4.1
5.9
12.6
2.0
0.2
1.2
3.4
6.1
0.3
0.9
4.1
147.7
Europe
Other
CIS
Middle
East
–
–
†
†
†
–
†
†
–
–
†
–
–
†
†
–
–
–
–
–
–
†
–
–
0.1
–
0.1
14.8
–
†
–
0.1
–
†
0.1
†
–
–
†
–
–
–
–
15.2
†
0.1
1.9
1.2
0.5
0.1
7.1
1.0
†
10.6
†
5.7
0.9
4.3
†
0.2
†
†
–
†
0.4
34.0
†
–
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.9
1.4
3.6
8.4
1.1
0.1
†
8.1
†
†
†
†
†
†
0.5
25.5
0.1
–
†
†
0.1
–
0.3
†
–
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
†
0.2
0.7
†
†
†
†
1.0
1.0
–
†
†
†
†
0.1
†
†
†
†
0.1
†
†
†
0.2
2.4
†
†
2.1
0.4
13.2
2.9
0.1
0.5
4.1
5.6
5.5
10.3
0.8
†
1.4
†
1.6
11.9
†
2.2
1.6
64.2
†
0.2
6.2
3.0
43.6
3.0
0.4
†
2.1
9.2
11.1
5.0
0.5
0.6
0.5
†
3.9
10.7
0.1
3.4
5.4
108.9
Russia
Africa Australasia
Japan Singapore
Other
Asia
Pacific
Total
1.0
8.0
10.7
16.0
1.6
2.6
3.6
47.3
9.9
37.6
22.2
12.9
4.5
21.4
0.6
0.1
0.1
–
–
†
4.0
203.9
–
0.1
2.0
2.2
–
5.1
0.9
0.5
11.3
49.6
38.3
11.5
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
–
–
–
1.0
123.5
†
–
2.7
5.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
1.0
3.2
4.8
10.9
7.9
1.1
3.1
†
1.8
0.2
†
–
–
3.4
46.1
0.3
7.0
26.9
5.2
2.9
10.6
6.9
13.6
37.5
79.5
34.6
15.3
4.7
16.0
0.3
5.6
0.7
†
†
1.5
–
269.0
189.3
56.8
155.3
145.7
28.2
260.0
93.2
178.9
96.5
349.1
142.7
107.7
51.0
203.7
3.8
9.4
1.1
0.1
†
1.7
34.6
2108.6
†
†
9.6
0.1
1.1
1.3
0.1
4.0
2.4
6.8
7.6
6.9
0.3
0.1
†
†
0.7
–
0.1
1.6
2.8
45.4
1.2
0.2
12.1
0.7
0.5
1.1
†
0.1
1.8
1.1
3.5
5.2
0.8
†
†
1.5
0.8
1.3
–
0.4
7.8
40.1
0.2
0.3
3.7
6.1
4.9
3.9
†
5.3
1.1
2.7
5.1
2.7
1.8
0.6
0.1
1.4
12.6
5.9
1.8
–
36.8
97.1
0.3
0.1
25.6
4.2
7.8
9.5
1.3
3.6
8.0
7.1
23.4
13.4
3.8
1.5
0.2
0.6
32.1
11.1
4.5
44.0
–
201.9
30.5
5.5
240.2
25.7
104.4
106.8
9.9
13.7
23.0
49.7
67.4
58.4
25.4
7.9
2.7
5.9
65.2
55.9
14.2
71.5
111.5
1095.2
China
India
†
–
3.3
–
†
0.7
0.2
–
–
0.2
3.9
0.2
2.0
1.2
–
–
–
†
†
0.2
6.8
18.7
3.2
0.4
19.8
72.0
18.8
83.4
6.3
60.1
27.5
84.9
31.2
53.1
3.4
71.8
2.1
1.4
–
–
–
–
17.8
557.2
†
†
1.5
†
0.5
†
†
–
†
†
0.4
†
†
†
†
–
4.1
1.3
4.1
8.1
12.3
32.3
1.1
†
8.6
1.3
2.1
3.0
0.4
0.3
1.4
3.3
5.3
7.2
2.3
1.4
†
1.1
–
0.7
1.8
8.6
32.0
81.9
Product (million tonnes)
From
Canada
Mexico
US
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Iraq
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Other Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total imports
†Less than 0.05.
Notes: Does not include biofuels trade. Bunker fuel use is not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries within Europe) are excluded.
Crude imports and exports include condensates.
32
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Major trade movements 2020
Trade flows worldwide (million tonnes)
26.0
19.6
195.7
5.7
7
82.6
86.4
72.7
204.8
12
122.8
45.8
49.9
274.3
44
4.4
37.2
4 6
44.6
38.3
80.3
20.1
114.9
9
67.3
44.0
44.
44
40
157.5
15
42.0
36.4
28.3
32.8
52.5
49.8
23
235.7
40.2
2
US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
45
45.5
19.1
21.5
73.2
73.2
Oil trade in 2019 and 2020
2019
2020
Million tonnes
Crude
imports
Product
imports
Crude
exports
Product
exports
Crude
imports
Product
imports
Crude
exports
Product
exports
Canada
Mexico
US
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Iraq
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total World
34.8
†
338.7
21.1
556.0
†
18.5
†
†
0.1
8.8
26.0
5.8
0.4
19.6
22.9
507.3
221.8
146.9
49.6
287.3
2265.6
32.8
60.3
111.9
109.4
177.0
0.6
1.7
7.2
0.7
10.0
33.3
18.8
32.0
36.1
41.6
32.2
78.4
44.9
39.7
112.4
210.4
1191.5
197.7
58.2
142.5
146.8
28.1
289.0
93.9
204.4
99.9
366.0
135.4
120.5
97.8
226.8
5.5
11.7
0.4
0.1
†
1.9
39.0
2265.6
34.4
5.0
250.3
24.6
123.6
123.3
12.0
13.4
24.1
53.7
77.4
60.7
28.1
8.4
2.6
5.6
72.5
66.2
18.7
76.9
110.1
1191.5
27.9
†
293.7
17.8
475.9
†
15.2
†
†
0.1
11.6
22.3
8.7
0.5
16.3
18.7
557.2
203.9
123.5
46.1
269.0
2108.6
28.7
54.4
95.0
94.5
147.7
0.7
2.4
3.2
0.8
13.6
30.2
16.4
32.1
38.1
38.6
32.3
81.9
45.4
40.1
97.1
201.9
1095.2
189.3
56.8
155.3
145.7
28.2
260.0
93.2
178.9
96.5
349.1
142.7
107.7
51.0
203.7
3.8
9.4
1.1
0.1
†
1.7
34.6
2108.6
30.5
5.5
240.2
25.7
104.4
106.8
9.9
13.7
23.0
49.7
67.4
58.4
25.4
7.9
2.7
5.9
65.2
55.9
14.2
71.5
111.5
1095.2
699
‡
6802
424
11167
‡
372
‡
‡
1
177
522
116
9
393
459
10187
4455
2950
997
5769
45497
686
1261
2340
2287
3699
13
36
150
16
208
696
393
669
754
870
672
1639
940
830
2350
4399
24907
3971
1169
2862
2949
564
5803
1885
4105
2005
7351
2719
2421
1963
4555
110
234
9
1
‡
39
782
45497
719
104
5233
514
2583
2577
250
280
503
1123
1618
1270
587
175
53
117
1516
1384
391
1608
2302
24907
558
‡
5883
357
9532
‡
304
‡
‡
2
233
446
173
11
327
374
11158
4084
2474
924
5387
42229
598
1134
1981
1969
3079
16
50
68
16
283
629
343
670
795
805
673
1707
946
836
2025
4210
22832
3791
1138
3110
2918
564
5207
1866
3583
1933
6991
2857
2156
1021
4079
77
187
22
1
‡
33
693
42229
636
114
5007
537
2177
2226
207
285
479
1035
1405
1217
529
165
56
122
1360
1165
295
1490
2325
22832
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
33
Thousand barrels daily
Canada
Mexico
US
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
Iraq
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
North Africa
West Africa
East & S. Africa
Australasia
China
India
Japan
Singapore
Other Asia Pacific
Total World
†Less than 0.05.
‡Less than 0.5.
Notes: Does not include biofuels trade. Bunker fuel use is not included as exports. Intra-area movements (for example, between countries within Europe) are excluded.
Crude imports and exports include condensates.
Natural gas
Total proved reserves
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
At end 2000
Trillion
cubic
metres
At end 2010
Trillion
cubic
metres
At end 2019
Trillion
cubic
metres
Trillion
cubic
metres
1.6
0.8
4.8
7.3
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
4.6
0.1
6.8
0.1
0.2
0.2
1.6
1.2
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.7
0.2
5.4
1.0
1.7
33.2
1.8
0.9
†
38.6
0.3
25.4
3.0
†
1.5
0.8
14.9
6.0
0.2
5.8
0.3
†
58.3
4.4
1.4
1.2
3.9
1.0
11.9
1.7
0.3
0.4
1.4
0.7
2.7
1.1
0.3
0.5
†
0.4
0.2
0.2
9.8
138.0
13.6
124.4
2.5
1.9
0.4
8.3
10.5
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.4
6.1
0.1
8.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.2
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.3
0.1
4.7
1.0
1.7
34.1
13.6
0.9
†
51.3
0.2
32.3
3.0
0.2
1.7
0.5
25.9
7.5
0.3
5.9
0.3
†
77.8
4.3
2.1
1.4
4.9
1.2
14.0
2.9
0.3
0.3
2.7
1.1
3.0
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.3
13.5
179.9
17.6
162.4
1.6
2.0
0.2
12.6
14.8
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
6.3
0.1
7.9
†
†
†
0.1
1.5
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.2
0.1
3.3
2.5
2.3
37.6
13.6
0.8
†
56.8
0.1
32.1
3.5
0.6
1.7
0.7
24.7
6.0
0.3
5.9
0.3
†
75.8
4.3
2.1
1.4
5.5
1.6
14.9
2.4
0.1
0.2
8.4
1.3
1.4
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.6
0.2
16.8
190.3
20.0
170.3
0.4
2.4
0.2
12.6
15.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
6.3
0.1
7.9
†
†
†
0.1
1.4
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.2
0.1
3.2
2.5
2.3
37.4
13.6
0.8
†
56.6
0.1
32.1
3.5
0.6
1.7
0.7
24.7
6.0
0.3
5.9
0.3
†
75.8
2.3
2.1
1.4
5.5
1.6
12.9
2.4
0.1
0.2
8.4
1.3
1.3
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.6
0.2
16.6
188.1
20.3
167.8
0.4
At end 2020
Trillion
cubic
Share of
feet
total
83.1
6.3
445.6
535.0
13.6
7.5
12.3
3.0
9.2
10.2
221.1
1.9
278.9
1.0
0.7
1.5
4.6
50.5
2.6
2.8
38.5
6.6
3.2
111.9
88.4
79.7
1320.5
480.3
29.9
0.1
1998.9
2.3
1133.6
124.6
20.8
59.9
23.5
871.1
212.6
9.5
209.7
9.4
0.2
2677.1
80.5
75.5
50.5
193.3
55.4
455.2
84.4
3.9
7.9
296.6
46.6
44.2
32.1
15.3
13.6
5.8
5.1
22.8
6.7
584.8
6641.8
716.2
5925.6
15.6
1.3%
0.1%
6.7%
8.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
◆
0.1%
0.2%
3.3%
◆
4.2%
◆
◆
◆
0.1%
0.8%
◆
◆
0.6%
0.1%
◆
1.7%
1.3%
1.2%
19.9%
7.2%
0.4%
◆
30.1%
◆
17.1%
1.9%
0.3%
0.9%
0.4%
13.1%
3.2%
0.1%
3.2%
0.1%
◆
40.3%
1.2%
1.1%
0.8%
2.9%
0.8%
6.9%
1.3%
0.1%
0.1%
4.5%
0.7%
0.7%
0.5%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.1%
8.8%
100.0%
10.8%
89.2%
0.2%
R/P
ratio
14.2
5.9
13.8
13.7
10.1
14.8
14.6
6.5
21.6
9.8
333.9
19.7
51.7
20.3
4.4
10.9
6.5
12.8
18.4
9.1
57.5
4.7
14.3
14.5
96.9
71.2
58.6
230.7
18.0
9.1
70.5
3.9
128.0
336.3
39.7
113.2
18.0
144.0
53.7
89.6
107.1
2618.8
24.7
110.4
28.0
36.6
107.4
110.7
54.8
55.7
16.8
4.5
17.6
43.3
55.6
19.8
12.4
24.4
12.6
13.7
4.4
74.1
11.5
25.4
48.8
13.7
70.6
9.2
Source of data – the estimates in this table have been compiled using a combination of primary official sources and third-party data from Cedigaz and the OPEC Secretariat.
As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar) and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3.
†Less than 0.05.
◆Less than 0.05%.
Notes: Total proved reserves of natural gas – generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the
future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved natural gas does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices
used for determining proved reserves at a company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent bp’s view of proved
reserves by country.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – if the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves
would last if production were to continue at that rate.
34
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years
2020 by region
History
120
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe
CIS
Middle
East
Africa
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
600
Africa
Middle East
Asia Pacific
World
100
500
80
400
60
300
40
200
20
100
0
Asia
Pacific
90
95
00
05
10
15
20
0
World proved gas reserves decreased by 2.2 Tcm to 188.1 Tcm in 2020. A revision to Algeria (-2.1 Tcm) provided the largest decrease, partially offset by a 0.4 Tcm
increase in Canadian reserves. Russia (37 Tcm), Iran (32 Tcm) and Qatar (25 Tcm) are the countries with the largest reserves. The current global R/P ratio shows that gas
reserves in 2020 accounted for 48.8 years of current production. The Middle East (110.4 years) and CIS (70.5 years) are the regions with the highest R/P ratio.
Distribution of proved reserves in 2000, 2010 and 2020
Percentage
Middle East
CIS
Asia Pacific
North America
Africa
S. & Cent. America
Europe
4.2
1.7 40.3
6.9
4.5
2.6 43.2
8.1
7.8
4.9
3.9
42.2
2020
Total 188.1
trillion cubic
metres
5.8
8.6
5.3
7.1
2000
Total 138.0
trillion cubic
metres
7.5
2010
Total 179.9
trillion cubic
metres
8.8
30.1
28.0
28.5
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
35
Natural gas: Production in billion cubic metres*
Growth rate per annum
Billion cubic metres
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
149.6
51.2
575.2
775.9
39.0
13.7
15.0
10.8
7.3
40.3
30.5
3.8
160.4
8.5
11.1
8.0
75.3
106.2
4.3
10.0
19.4
57.9
9.3
310.1
16.3
27.8
598.4
40.1
57.1
0.3
740.0
12.4
143.9
7.1
11.1
25.7
123.1
83.3
8.4
50.0
6.3
3.3
474.6
77.4
59.0
16.0
30.9
18.2
201.5
52.6
19.3
12.0
96.5
47.4
87.0
65.1
12.2
35.3
33.7
9.1
17.9
488.1
3150.8
1130.9
2019.9
125.6
151.1
52.1
617.4
820.5
37.7
15.0
17.2
10.5
11.5
38.7
30.2
3.2
164.1
6.9
10.5
8.0
69.5
100.5
4.5
10.1
19.5
46.1
9.2
284.8
16.0
29.3
616.8
56.3
56.6
0.3
775.4
12.6
151.0
6.3
12.9
27.1
150.4
87.6
7.4
51.0
9.4
4.2
520.0
79.6
59.1
7.5
36.4
18.0
200.6
54.2
19.6
12.5
106.2
42.9
82.7
67.0
12.6
35.3
33.8
8.2
17.7
492.6
3258.0
1151.0
2107.0
117.5
150.3
50.9
649.1
850.3
36.7
17.1
19.8
11.5
12.0
38.5
31.9
3.0
170.6
6.0
9.5
8.2
68.4
113.9
4.5
10.1
19.4
39.2
8.4
287.5
16.8
29.7
601.9
59.0
56.5
0.3
764.2
13.1
156.9
6.3
14.7
28.3
162.5
94.4
6.1
52.9
7.6
2.5
545.5
78.4
58.6
11.6
39.2
18.9
206.7
58.0
21.3
12.3
111.5
37.3
78.3
69.3
12.5
36.6
38.4
9.0
17.7
502.1
3326.8
1187.0
2139.8
113.9
151.9
52.5
655.7
860.1
34.6
19.6
21.9
13.2
12.4
38.7
30.6
2.7
173.8
5.0
8.6
7.4
72.4
107.9
4.4
10.0
20.2
37.0
7.2
280.0
17.4
31.1
614.5
59.0
55.9
0.3
778.3
14.0
157.5
7.1
15.5
30.8
167.9
95.0
5.0
53.2
10.4
6.3
562.6
79.3
54.0
12.2
33.1
20.5
199.1
60.3
22.0
11.9
121.8
31.1
77.6
72.6
12.9
35.6
38.9
9.4
18.2
512.2
3366.1
1196.4
2169.6
113.9
159.0
51.3
704.7
915.0
34.5
20.3
23.3
12.3
13.1
38.1
31.8
2.6
176.0
4.8
8.1
6.8
60.4
107.5
4.3
10.2
20.2
37.4
6.3
266.1
18.4
31.7
591.2
63.5
56.3
0.3
761.4
14.7
175.5
7.5
14.3
29.3
169.4
97.3
4.6
52.9
9.8
7.3
582.6
80.2
47.0
15.7
40.0
20.7
203.5
64.9
23.0
12.7
131.2
29.4
76.4
72.2
16.5
35.0
39.1
9.9
23.0
533.3
3437.9
1242.1
2195.8
99.9
160.8
47.9
740.3
949.0
35.5
19.6
23.8
11.6
12.7
36.0
36.1
2.9
178.0
4.8
7.5
6.4
45.9
116.1
4.3
10.2
18.8
40.7
6.1
260.8
18.8
31.9
584.4
65.9
53.6
0.3
754.9
14.6
183.5
7.3
16.1
30.7
175.8
99.2
4.1
58.6
2.9
8.1
600.8
81.4
42.6
14.7
47.6
21.7
208.0
74.1
25.9
13.3
135.7
28.1
76.2
76.8
19.2
35.0
37.5
10.3
27.9
560.0
3511.7
1281.0
2230.6
84.3
172.0
43.7
727.4
943.0
37.3
18.8
24.1
12.0
14.0
31.3
37.2
3.1
177.9
4.7
6.9
5.5
44.3
115.9
4.1
9.1
19.0
41.7
8.7
259.9
18.3
32.1
589.3
63.2
53.1
0.3
756.3
14.4
199.3
9.9
16.4
31.5
174.5
105.3
3.5
59.5
0.5
9.0
624.1
91.4
40.3
14.8
42.6
22.8
211.9
94.0
26.5
12.9
137.9
26.6
75.1
76.7
18.3
34.7
37.3
10.2
28.9
579.0
3552.1
1296.7
2255.4
82.3
173.9
38.3
746.2
958.3
37.1
18.2
27.2
12.3
13.0
31.9
38.6
3.1
181.4
5.1
6.4
5.3
37.9
123.7
4.0
10.0
19.4
41.9
9.0
262.7
17.8
34.5
635.6
58.7
53.4
0.3
800.2
14.5
213.8
10.1
16.2
32.3
170.5
109.3
3.5
59.5
0.3
9.5
639.5
93.0
48.8
13.6
47.2
26.9
229.5
110.1
26.6
12.9
149.2
27.7
72.7
78.5
17.8
34.7
35.9
9.5
29.1
604.6
3676.2
1331.1
2345.1
76.8
176.8
35.2
840.9
1052.9
39.4
17.0
25.2
12.9
12.8
34.0
31.6
3.0
175.9
4.3
5.5
5.2
32.3
121.3
4.0
10.0
19.7
40.7
8.4
251.4
19.0
34.1
669.1
61.5
57.2
0.3
841.3
14.6
232.0
10.6
16.9
36.3
169.1
112.1
3.5
58.0
0.1
10.1
663.3
93.8
58.6
13.2
48.3
27.6
241.4
126.0
26.6
12.6
161.4
27.5
72.8
77.2
17.0
34.2
34.7
9.7
27.0
626.6
3852.9
1430.9
2422.0
68.8
169.0
31.3
930.0
1130.3
41.6
15.0
25.7
13.2
13.5
34.6
25.6
3.2
172.3
3.2
5.3
4.6
27.8
114.3
4.0
9.6
19.4
39.5
7.4
235.2
24.3
34.0
679.0
63.2
57.3
0.3
858.2
16.3
241.4
11.0
17.9
36.7
172.1
111.2
3.3
58.0
0.1
10.2
678.2
87.0
64.9
14.5
49.3
28.1
243.8
143.1
25.3
13.0
177.6
26.9
67.6
79.3
18.5
32.7
35.8
9.9
28.7
658.2
3976.2
1510.8
2465.4
61.1
165.2
30.1
914.6
1109.9
38.3
14.4
23.9
13.3
12.1
29.5
18.8
2.7
152.9
1.4
4.5
3.9
20.0
111.5
3.9
8.7
19.0
39.5
6.3
218.6
25.8
31.7
638.5
59.0
47.1
0.3
802.4
16.4
250.8
10.5
15.0
36.9
171.3
112.1
3.0
55.4
0.1
15.0
686.6
81.5
58.5
13.3
49.4
28.6
231.3
142.5
24.7
12.6
194.0
23.8
63.2
73.2
17.7
30.6
32.7
8.7
28.4
652.1
3853.7
1478.5
2375.2
47.8
-2.5%
-4.2%
-1.9%
-2.1%
-8.2%
-3.9%
-7.3%
0.2%
-10.7%
-15.0%
-26.9%
-16.3%
-11.5%
-57.0%
-15.9%
-16.4%
-28.5%
-2.7%
-1.7%
-9.8%
-2.5%
-0.4%
-15.0%
-7.3%
6.0%
-7.2%
-6.2%
-6.9%
-18.1%
-0.5%
-6.8%
0.8%
3.6%
-4.6%
-16.7%
0.4%
-0.7%
0.6%
-10.1%
-4.7%
1.0%
46.3%
1.0%
-6.6%
-10.2%
-8.5%
◆
1.6%
-5.4%
-0.7%
-2.5%
-2.9%
9.0%
-11.9%
-6.8%
-7.9%
-4.6%
-6.6%
-8.8%
-11.8%
-1.5%
-1.2%
-3.3%
-2.4%
-3.9%
-21.9%
2009-19
Share
2020
0.9%
4.3%
-5.1%
0.8%
5.2% 23.7%
4.0% 28.8%
0.3%
1.0%
2.3%
0.4%
7.7%
0.6%
2.7%
0.3%
14.2%
0.3%
-1.1%
0.8%
-2.2%
0.5%
-1.7%
0.1%
1.2%
4.0%
◆
-9.6%
-8.3%
0.1%
-4.9%
0.1%
-8.2%
0.5%
1.0%
2.9%
-0.7%
0.1%
-0.8%
0.2%
-0.5%
0.5%
-4.3%
1.0%
-2.2%
0.2%
-2.5%
5.7%
4.3%
0.7%
2.5%
0.8%
2.4% 16.6%
6.6%
1.5%
-0.2%
1.2%
◆
0.3%
2.5% 20.8%
3.0%
0.4%
5.9%
6.5%
4.8%
0.3%
5.1%
0.4%
4.4%
1.0%
6.4%
4.4%
4.1%
2.9%
-5.9%
0.1%
2.0%
1.4%
◆
-18.6%
14.1%
0.4%
5.1% 17.8%
1.3%
2.1%
0.7%
1.5%
-0.4%
0.3%
7.8%
1.3%
5.7%
0.7%
2.5%
6.0%
11.9%
3.7%
3.0%
0.6%
1.6%
0.3%
7.5%
5.0%
-2.9%
0.6%
-1.4%
1.6%
1.8%
1.9%
5.0%
0.5%
-0.6%
0.8%
2.0%
0.8%
2.5%
0.2%
4.5%
0.7%
4.0% 16.9%
3.1% 100.0%
3.2% 38.4%
3.0% 61.6%
-6.3%
1.2%
*E xcludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for gas-to-liquids transformation.
Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service.
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15°C and 1013 mbar); as they are derived directly from measures of energy content using an average
conversion factor and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3, they do not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using billion cubic metres figures.
Natural gas production data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
36
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Natural gas: Production in exajoules*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Denmark
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
5.39
1.84
20.71
27.93
1.40
0.49
0.54
0.39
0.26
1.45
1.10
0.14
5.78
0.31
0.40
0.29
2.71
3.82
0.15
0.36
0.70
2.08
0.34
11.16
0.59
1.00
21.54
1.44
2.06
0.01
26.64
0.45
5.18
0.26
0.40
0.93
4.43
3.00
0.30
1.80
0.23
0.12
17.09
2.79
2.12
0.58
1.11
0.66
7.26
1.89
0.69
0.43
3.48
1.71
3.13
2.34
0.44
1.27
1.21
0.33
0.64
17.57
113.43
40.71
72.72
4.52
5.44
1.88
22.22
29.54
1.36
0.54
0.62
0.38
0.41
1.39
1.09
0.11
5.91
0.25
0.38
0.29
2.50
3.62
0.16
0.36
0.70
1.66
0.33
10.25
0.57
1.06
22.21
2.03
2.04
0.01
27.91
0.45
5.44
0.23
0.46
0.98
5.41
3.16
0.27
1.84
0.34
0.15
18.72
2.87
2.13
0.27
1.31
0.65
7.22
1.95
0.70
0.45
3.82
1.55
2.98
2.41
0.45
1.27
1.22
0.29
0.64
17.73
117.29
41.44
75.85
4.23
5.41
1.83
23.37
30.61
1.32
0.62
0.71
0.41
0.43
1.39
1.15
0.11
6.14
0.22
0.34
0.30
2.46
4.10
0.16
0.36
0.70
1.41
0.30
10.35
0.61
1.07
21.67
2.12
2.03
0.01
27.51
0.47
5.65
0.23
0.53
1.02
5.85
3.40
0.22
1.91
0.27
0.09
19.64
2.82
2.11
0.42
1.41
0.68
7.44
2.09
0.77
0.44
4.01
1.34
2.82
2.49
0.45
1.32
1.38
0.32
0.64
18.08
119.77
42.73
77.03
4.10
5.47
1.89
23.60
30.96
1.24
0.70
0.79
0.48
0.45
1.39
1.10
0.10
6.26
0.18
0.31
0.27
2.61
3.89
0.16
0.36
0.73
1.33
0.26
10.08
0.63
1.12
22.12
2.12
2.01
0.01
28.02
0.50
5.67
0.25
0.56
1.11
6.04
3.42
0.18
1.92
0.37
0.23
20.25
2.86
1.94
0.44
1.19
0.74
7.17
2.17
0.79
0.43
4.39
1.12
2.79
2.61
0.46
1.28
1.40
0.34
0.66
18.44
121.18
43.07
78.11
4.10
5.72
1.85
25.37
32.94
1.24
0.73
0.84
0.44
0.47
1.37
1.14
0.09
6.34
0.17
0.29
0.25
2.17
3.87
0.16
0.37
0.73
1.35
0.23
9.58
0.66
1.14
21.28
2.29
2.03
0.01
27.41
0.53
6.32
0.27
0.51
1.06
6.10
3.50
0.17
1.90
0.35
0.26
20.97
2.89
1.69
0.57
1.44
0.74
7.33
2.34
0.83
0.46
4.72
1.06
2.75
2.60
0.60
1.26
1.41
0.35
0.83
19.20
123.76
44.72
79.05
3.60
5.79
1.73
26.65
34.16
1.28
0.70
0.86
0.42
0.46
1.29
1.30
0.10
6.41
0.17
0.27
0.23
1.65
4.18
0.15
0.37
0.68
1.46
0.22
9.39
0.68
1.15
21.04
2.37
1.93
0.01
27.18
0.53
6.61
0.26
0.58
1.11
6.33
3.57
0.15
2.11
0.10
0.29
21.63
2.93
1.53
0.53
1.71
0.78
7.49
2.67
0.93
0.48
4.88
1.01
2.74
2.77
0.69
1.26
1.35
0.37
1.01
20.16
126.42
46.12
80.30
3.03
6.19
1.57
26.18
33.95
1.34
0.68
0.87
0.43
0.50
1.13
1.34
0.11
6.40
0.17
0.25
0.20
1.59
4.17
0.15
0.33
0.68
1.50
0.31
9.36
0.66
1.16
21.21
2.28
1.91
0.01
27.23
0.52
7.18
0.36
0.59
1.13
6.28
3.79
0.13
2.14
0.02
0.33
22.47
3.29
1.45
0.53
1.53
0.82
7.63
3.38
0.95
0.47
4.97
0.96
2.70
2.76
0.66
1.25
1.34
0.37
1.04
20.85
127.87
46.68
81.19
2.96
6.26
1.38
26.86
34.50
1.34
0.66
0.98
0.44
0.47
1.15
1.39
0.11
6.53
0.18
0.23
0.19
1.37
4.45
0.15
0.36
0.70
1.51
0.32
9.46
0.64
1.24
22.88
2.11
1.92
0.01
28.81
0.52
7.70
0.36
0.58
1.16
6.14
3.93
0.13
2.14
0.01
0.34
23.02
3.35
1.76
0.49
1.70
0.97
8.26
3.96
0.96
0.46
5.37
1.00
2.62
2.82
0.64
1.25
1.29
0.34
1.05
21.77
132.34
47.92
84.42
2.76
6.36
1.27
30.27
37.90
1.42
0.61
0.91
0.46
0.46
1.22
1.14
0.11
6.33
0.15
0.20
0.19
1.16
4.37
0.14
0.36
0.71
1.47
0.30
9.05
0.69
1.23
24.09
2.21
2.06
0.01
30.29
0.53
8.35
0.38
0.61
1.31
6.09
4.04
0.12
2.09
†
0.36
23.88
3.38
2.11
0.47
1.74
0.99
8.69
4.54
0.96
0.45
5.81
0.99
2.62
2.78
0.61
1.23
1.25
0.35
0.97
22.56
138.70
51.51
87.19
2.48
6.08
1.13
33.48
40.69
1.50
0.54
0.93
0.47
0.49
1.24
0.92
0.11
6.20
0.12
0.19
0.17
1.00
4.11
0.14
0.35
0.70
1.42
0.27
8.47
0.88
1.23
24.45
2.27
2.06
0.01
30.89
0.59
8.69
0.39
0.65
1.32
6.20
4.00
0.12
2.09
†
0.37
24.42
3.13
2.34
0.52
1.77
1.01
8.78
5.15
0.91
0.47
6.39
0.97
2.43
2.85
0.67
1.18
1.29
0.35
1.03
23.70
143.14
54.39
88.76
2.20
5.95
1.08
32.93
39.96
1.38
0.52
0.86
0.48
0.44
1.06
0.68
0.10
5.50
0.05
0.16
0.14
0.72
4.01
0.14
0.31
0.68
1.42
0.23
7.87
0.93
1.14
22.99
2.12
1.69
0.01
28.89
0.59
9.03
0.38
0.54
1.33
6.17
4.04
0.11
2.00
†
0.54
24.72
2.93
2.10
0.48
1.78
1.03
8.33
5.13
0.89
0.46
6.98
0.86
2.27
2.64
0.64
1.10
1.18
0.31
1.02
23.47
138.73
53.22
85.51
1.72
-2.5%
-4.2%
-1.9%
-2.1%
-8.2%
-3.9%
-7.3%
0.2%
-10.7%
-15.0%
-26.9%
-16.3%
-11.5%
-57.0%
-15.9%
-16.4%
-28.5%
-2.7%
-1.7%
-9.8%
-2.5%
-0.4%
-15.0%
-7.3%
6.0%
-7.2%
-6.2%
-6.9%
-18.1%
-0.5%
-6.8%
0.8%
3.6%
-4.6%
-16.7%
0.4%
-0.7%
0.6%
-10.1%
-4.7%
1.0%
46.3%
1.0%
-6.6%
-10.2%
-8.5%
0.9%
-5.1%
5.2%
4.0%
0.3%
2.3%
7.7%
2.7%
14.2%
-1.1%
-2.2%
-1.7%
1.2%
-9.6%
-8.3%
-4.9%
-8.2%
1.0%
-0.7%
-0.8%
-0.5%
-4.3%
-2.2%
-2.5%
4.3%
2.5%
2.4%
6.6%
-0.2%
0.3%
2.5%
3.0%
5.9%
4.8%
5.1%
4.4%
6.4%
4.1%
-5.9%
2.0%
-18.6%
14.1%
5.1%
1.3%
0.7%
-0.4%
7.8%
5.7%
2.5%
11.9%
3.0%
1.6%
7.5%
-2.9%
-1.4%
1.8%
5.0%
-0.6%
2.0%
2.5%
4.5%
4.0%
3.1%
3.2%
3.0%
-6.3%
*Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for gas-to-liquids transformation.
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using exajoules figures.
◆
1.6%
-5.4%
-0.7%
-2.5%
-2.9%
9.0%
-11.9%
-6.8%
-7.9%
-4.6%
-6.6%
-8.8%
-11.8%
-1.5%
-1.2%
-3.3%
-2.4%
-3.9%
-21.9%
Share
2020
4.3%
0.8%
23.7%
28.8%
1.0%
0.4%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
0.8%
0.5%
0.1%
4.0%
◆
0.1%
0.1%
0.5%
2.9%
0.1%
0.2%
0.5%
1.0%
0.2%
5.7%
0.7%
0.8%
16.6%
1.5%
1.2%
◆
20.8%
0.4%
6.5%
0.3%
0.4%
1.0%
4.4%
2.9%
0.1%
1.4%
◆
0.4%
17.8%
2.1%
1.5%
0.3%
1.3%
0.7%
6.0%
3.7%
0.6%
0.3%
5.0%
0.6%
1.6%
1.9%
0.5%
0.8%
0.8%
0.2%
0.7%
16.9%
100.0%
38.4%
61.6%
1.2%
Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
37
Natural gas: Consumption in billion cubic metres*
Growth rate per annum
Billion cubic metres
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
92.0
66.0
648.2
806.3
42.1
27.6
5.7
8.7
0.6
5.4
20.7
31.3
5.1
147.3
9.6
19.4
9.4
4.1
49.6
88.1
3.7
11.4
79.1
46.8
4.1
16.2
5.2
12.5
36.2
1.5
3.5
35.8
54.6
98.5
33.5
622.9
8.1
20.7
9.5
423.9
18.3
44.0
5.2
529.8
144.4
7.1
5.1
14.0
16.4
25.4
83.3
59.3
25.6
380.5
25.3
43.4
0.7
4.1
24.6
98.1
31.7
19.3
108.9
3.6
59.0
44.0
99.9
38.0
4.4
35.3
3.5
8.3
45.0
–
15.5
43.2
9.1
6.8
575.6
3160.5
1553.3
1607.1
422.8
101.1
70.8
658.2
830.1
43.8
27.5
5.8
8.5
0.6
6.3
20.5
33.3
5.8
152.1
9.0
16.5
7.9
3.6
43.0
80.9
4.6
10.9
74.2
40.9
4.0
16.5
5.3
12.9
33.6
1.2
3.1
41.8
56.1
81.9
32.3
580.4
8.9
19.2
10.6
435.6
20.7
47.4
5.5
548.0
153.2
6.3
4.7
15.9
18.1
28.7
87.6
61.6
22.1
398.2
26.8
47.8
0.9
4.3
26.4
106.1
32.8
19.6
135.2
2.9
60.3
42.7
112.0
38.3
4.0
35.3
3.8
8.3
48.4
–
17.0
44.3
8.2
7.5
620.7
3235.7
1547.5
1688.2
389.0
99.8
73.7
688.1
861.6
45.7
32.6
5.3
9.5
0.7
6.9
20.2
34.6
6.3
161.8
8.6
16.7
8.0
3.2
44.4
81.1
4.2
9.7
71.4
39.3
4.0
17.4
4.6
12.5
33.2
1.1
3.4
43.3
51.8
76.9
30.8
565.7
9.4
19.4
11.4
428.6
22.9
46.2
5.7
543.7
152.5
6.3
2.4
17.5
19.7
33.6
94.4
63.9
20.6
411.0
29.9
50.6
1.2
4.4
28.7
114.7
33.0
21.3
150.9
2.6
55.7
43.0
123.2
42.0
4.5
36.6
3.6
8.9
52.5
–
17.9
48.6
9.0
8.5
662.0
3320.5
1583.6
1736.9
382.2
105.9
77.8
707.0
890.8
46.0
38.4
5.3
10.5
0.9
6.7
20.4
32.3
6.9
167.3
8.2
16.5
8.1
3.0
45.1
85.0
3.7
9.1
66.7
39.1
4.0
17.4
4.3
11.4
30.3
1.0
3.6
44.0
47.7
76.3
29.8
554.4
9.4
19.3
12.0
424.9
19.3
46.2
4.8
535.7
153.8
7.1
6.6
17.8
21.7
35.3
95.0
64.7
21.3
423.4
32.1
49.5
1.1
4.1
30.2
117.0
34.7
22.0
171.9
2.5
49.0
44.5
123.5
44.6
4.7
35.6
3.4
10.0
55.0
–
17.9
48.9
9.4
8.6
686.1
3374.6
1616.6
1758.1
374.5
110.4
78.8
722.3
911.5
46.2
40.7
4.4
11.4
0.9
7.4
20.5
34.0
7.2
172.6
7.5
14.5
7.2
2.7
37.9
73.9
2.8
8.1
59.0
34.5
4.3
17.0
4.1
10.9
27.5
0.8
3.1
46.6
40.3
70.1
27.2
500.0
9.9
19.1
13.4
422.2
20.0
48.5
5.3
538.4
173.4
7.5
7.2
17.9
21.3
38.4
97.3
63.4
20.9
447.4
36.1
46.2
1.1
4.3
36.4
124.1
37.2
23.0
188.4
2.4
48.5
44.0
124.8
44.7
5.2
35.0
3.5
10.4
50.0
–
18.9
49.9
9.9
10.3
706.0
3400.1
1591.2
1808.9
331.4
110.5
80.8
743.6
934.8
46.7
42.9
4.8
11.2
0.8
7.6
19.6
37.0
7.1
177.8
8.0
15.8
7.5
2.3
40.8
77.0
3.1
8.7
64.3
34.1
4.5
17.1
4.8
10.4
28.5
0.9
3.3
46.0
32.0
72.0
28.1
509.2
11.1
17.9
13.6
408.7
25.4
46.3
5.2
528.2
184.0
7.3
8.1
20.3
23.0
43.3
99.2
71.5
22.5
479.2
37.9
46.0
1.1
4.3
43.1
132.5
38.8
25.9
194.7
3.0
47.8
45.8
118.7
46.8
4.9
36.5
3.3
11.6
45.6
–
20.2
51.0
10.3
11.5
716.4
3478.2
1623.7
1854.5
346.7
106.4
83.0
749.1
938.6
48.2
37.1
5.9
12.1
0.9
8.5
16.9
37.2
7.3
174.2
8.3
16.2
8.2
2.0
44.5
84.9
4.0
9.3
67.5
35.2
4.4
18.3
5.1
10.5
29.1
1.0
3.5
44.5
31.4
80.7
28.9
537.4
10.9
17.8
14.2
420.6
25.1
43.3
5.1
537.1
196.3
9.9
9.2
21.1
22.9
41.2
105.3
71.9
23.1
500.9
38.6
49.4
1.1
3.7
44.3
137.1
37.9
26.5
209.4
3.1
50.8
44.6
116.4
45.0
4.8
38.7
3.8
11.9
47.6
–
21.0
50.6
10.2
11.0
733.3
3558.6
1657.6
1901.0
368.2
110.3
86.0
740.0
936.3
48.3
37.6
5.6
12.4
0.8
7.5
18.3
38.6
7.2
176.3
9.1
16.4
8.4
1.8
44.8
87.7
4.8
9.9
71.6
36.1
4.6
19.2
6.3
11.3
31.7
1.0
3.5
51.6
30.2
78.5
30.3
558.8
10.6
18.2
15.1
431.1
24.8
43.1
5.1
547.9
205.0
11.4
9.9
21.0
23.4
41.2
109.3
72.4
23.2
516.7
39.5
55.9
1.1
4.0
44.4
145.0
37.1
26.6
241.3
3.1
53.7
43.2
117.0
45.0
5.0
40.7
3.8
12.3
49.8
–
23.2
50.1
9.5
11.1
772.6
3653.7
1678.7
1975.0
385.2
116.4
87.6
821.7
1025.7
48.7
35.9
5.6
13.2
0.7
8.0
17.4
31.6
8.0
169.2
8.7
16.9
8.0
2.1
42.8
85.9
4.7
9.6
69.2
35.4
4.4
19.9
5.8
11.6
31.5
1.0
3.3
47.2
30.6
79.5
30.1
548.3
10.8
19.3
17.4
454.5
28.4
44.4
5.9
580.6
219.6
14.6
10.5
21.2
25.0
34.1
112.1
71.2
22.0
530.3
43.4
59.6
1.0
4.4
45.6
154.0
35.8
27.4
283.9
3.0
58.1
44.5
115.7
44.7
4.5
43.6
4.1
12.3
57.8
–
23.7
50.0
9.7
10.9
829.7
3837.9
1763.9
2074.0
378.1
117.8
88.0
849.2
1055.1
46.6
35.7
6.5
13.4
0.6
8.2
17.5
25.6
9.2
163.3
8.9
17.4
8.3
2.0
43.7
88.7
5.2
9.8
70.8
37.0
4.6
20.9
6.1
10.7
36.0
1.0
3.4
43.4
28.3
77.3
30.0
553.5
11.8
19.2
17.4
444.3
31.5
44.4
5.6
574.2
223.4
19.5
10.8
23.0
25.0
36.7
111.2
71.5
23.4
544.5
45.1
58.9
1.0
4.2
46.0
155.3
42.1
30.9
308.4
3.1
59.3
43.9
108.1
44.7
4.9
44.5
4.2
12.5
56.0
–
23.3
50.9
9.9
11.4
858.1
3903.9
1800.0
2104.0
391.2
112.6
86.3
832.0
1030.9
43.9
32.1
6.1
13.9
0.5
7.1
15.1
18.8
8.1
145.6
8.5
17.0
8.5
2.0
40.7
86.5
5.7
10.2
67.7
36.6
4.4
21.6
6.0
11.3
32.4
1.1
3.2
46.4
29.3
72.5
29.6
541.1
11.9
17.9
16.6
411.4
31.3
43.0
6.1
538.2
233.1
20.8
11.3
20.6
25.9
35.0
112.1
69.6
23.9
552.3
43.1
57.8
0.8
4.1
47.3
153.0
40.9
30.4
330.6
4.9
59.6
41.5
104.4
38.2
4.6
41.2
3.8
12.6
56.6
–
24.9
46.9
8.7
11.7
861.6
3822.8
1757.7
2065.1
379.9
-4.7%
-2.2%
-2.3%
-2.6%
-5.9%
-10.4%
-6.3%
3.3%
-13.9%
-14.4%
-13.7%
-26.9%
-11.9%
-11.1%
-4.5%
-2.5%
1.4%
-4.1%
-7.1%
-2.7%
9.7%
3.1%
-4.7%
-1.5%
-3.2%
2.9%
-2.6%
5.1%
-10.1%
3.4%
-5.4%
6.6%
3.4%
-6.5%
-1.3%
-2.5%
0.6%
-7.0%
-4.8%
-7.7%
-1.0%
-3.4%
9.7%
-6.5%
4.0%
6.4%
4.6%
-10.7%
3.4%
-4.9%
0.6%
-2.9%
1.8%
1.2%
-4.8%
-2.2%
-23.0%
-4.8%
2.4%
-1.8%
-3.1%
-1.9%
6.9%
58.2%
0.3%
-5.7%
-3.7%
-14.9%
-7.2%
-7.5%
-9.1%
0.1%
0.8%
n/a
6.7%
-8.3%
-11.8%
2.4%
0.1%
-2.3%
-2.6%
-2.1%
-3.1%
2009-19
Share
2020
2.7%
2.9%
3.0%
2.3%
3.2% 21.8%
3.2% 27.0%
1.1%
1.1%
5.6%
0.8%
8.8%
0.2%
4.8%
0.4%
◆
0.7%
9.4%
0.2%
-0.9%
0.4%
-2.9%
0.5%
6.4%
0.2%
1.9%
3.8%
0.1%
0.2%
-0.1%
0.4%
0.5%
0.2%
-5.9%
0.1%
-0.2%
1.1%
0.5%
2.3%
4.3%
0.1%
-0.8%
0.3%
-0.5%
1.8%
-1.1%
1.0%
1.0%
0.1%
3.3%
0.6%
2.5%
0.2%
-1.4%
0.3%
-0.1%
0.8%
◆
-1.2%
0.8%
0.1%
2.5%
1.2%
-5.3%
0.8%
-1.6%
1.9%
0.1%
0.8%
-0.4% 14.2%
3.2%
0.3%
1.2%
0.5%
7.1%
0.4%
1.1% 10.8%
6.3%
0.8%
0.1%
1.1%
0.4%
0.2%
1.4% 14.1%
5.2%
6.1%
11.0%
0.5%
10.4%
0.3%
6.9%
0.5%
6.3%
0.7%
5.6%
0.9%
4.1%
2.9%
2.2%
1.8%
0.4%
0.6%
4.6% 14.4%
5.6%
1.1%
3.7%
1.5%
◆
4.2%
2.5%
0.1%
7.2%
1.2%
5.1%
4.0%
3.7%
1.1%
5.1%
0.8%
13.1%
8.6%
0.7%
0.1%
1.9%
1.6%
0.4%
1.1%
1.6%
2.7%
1.1%
1.0%
2.0%
0.1%
2.5%
1.1%
1.2%
0.1%
3.2%
0.3%
4.7%
1.5%
n/a
n/a
6.4%
0.7%
2.9%
1.2%
2.5%
0.2%
7.6%
0.3%
5.2% 22.5%
2.9% 100.0%
2.1% 46.0%
3.6% 54.0%
-0.1%
9.9%
Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service.
*Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in gas-to-liquids transformation.
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15°C and 1013 mbar); as they are derived directly from measures of energy content using an average
conversion factor and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3, they do not necessarily equate with gas volumes expressed in specific national terms.
The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable
disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using billion cubic metres figures.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
Natural gas consumption data expressed in billion cubic feet per day is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
38
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Natural gas: Consumption in exajoules*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
3.31
2.38
23.33
29.03
1.52
0.99
0.21
0.31
0.02
0.20
0.75
1.13
0.18
5.30
0.35
0.70
0.34
0.15
1.78
3.17
0.13
0.41
2.85
1.68
0.15
0.58
0.19
0.45
1.30
0.06
0.13
1.29
1.96
3.55
1.21
22.43
0.29
0.75
0.34
15.26
0.66
1.59
0.19
19.07
5.20
0.26
0.18
0.50
0.59
0.91
3.00
2.13
0.92
13.70
0.91
1.56
0.03
0.15
0.88
3.53
1.14
0.69
3.92
0.13
2.12
1.59
3.60
1.37
0.16
1.27
0.13
0.30
1.62
–
0.56
1.56
0.33
0.24
20.72
113.78
55.92
57.86
15.22
3.64
2.55
23.70
29.89
1.58
0.99
0.21
0.31
0.02
0.23
0.74
1.20
0.21
5.48
0.33
0.59
0.29
0.13
1.55
2.91
0.17
0.39
2.67
1.47
0.15
0.59
0.19
0.46
1.21
0.04
0.11
1.51
2.02
2.95
1.16
20.90
0.32
0.69
0.38
15.68
0.75
1.70
0.20
19.73
5.51
0.23
0.17
0.57
0.65
1.03
3.16
2.22
0.79
14.34
0.96
1.72
0.03
0.15
0.95
3.82
1.18
0.70
4.87
0.10
2.17
1.54
4.03
1.38
0.14
1.27
0.14
0.30
1.74
–
0.61
1.60
0.29
0.27
22.35
116.49
55.71
60.77
14.01
3.59
2.65
24.77
31.02
1.64
1.17
0.19
0.34
0.03
0.25
0.73
1.25
0.23
5.82
0.31
0.60
0.29
0.12
1.60
2.92
0.15
0.35
2.57
1.41
0.14
0.63
0.16
0.45
1.20
0.04
0.12
1.56
1.87
2.77
1.11
20.37
0.34
0.70
0.41
15.43
0.83
1.66
0.21
19.57
5.49
0.23
0.09
0.63
0.71
1.21
3.40
2.30
0.74
14.80
1.08
1.82
0.04
0.16
1.03
4.13
1.19
0.77
5.43
0.09
2.01
1.55
4.44
1.51
0.16
1.32
0.13
0.32
1.89
–
0.64
1.75
0.32
0.31
23.83
119.54
57.01
62.53
13.76
3.81
2.80
25.45
32.07
1.66
1.38
0.19
0.38
0.03
0.24
0.73
1.16
0.25
6.02
0.30
0.60
0.29
0.11
1.63
3.06
0.13
0.33
2.40
1.41
0.14
0.63
0.16
0.41
1.09
0.04
0.13
1.58
1.72
2.75
1.07
19.96
0.34
0.69
0.43
15.30
0.70
1.66
0.17
19.29
5.54
0.25
0.24
0.64
0.78
1.27
3.42
2.33
0.77
15.24
1.16
1.78
0.04
0.15
1.09
4.21
1.25
0.79
6.19
0.09
1.76
1.60
4.45
1.60
0.17
1.28
0.12
0.36
1.98
–
0.65
1.76
0.34
0.31
24.70
121.49
58.20
63.29
13.48
3.97
2.84
26.00
32.81
1.66
1.46
0.16
0.41
0.03
0.27
0.74
1.22
0.26
6.21
0.27
0.52
0.26
0.10
1.36
2.66
0.10
0.29
2.12
1.24
0.15
0.61
0.15
0.39
0.99
0.03
0.11
1.68
1.45
2.52
0.98
18.00
0.35
0.69
0.48
15.20
0.72
1.75
0.19
19.38
6.24
0.27
0.26
0.64
0.77
1.38
3.50
2.28
0.75
16.11
1.30
1.66
0.04
0.15
1.31
4.47
1.34
0.83
6.78
0.09
1.75
1.59
4.49
1.61
0.19
1.26
0.13
0.37
1.80
–
0.68
1.80
0.35
0.37
25.42
122.40
57.28
65.12
11.93
3.98
2.91
26.77
33.65
1.68
1.55
0.17
0.40
0.03
0.28
0.71
1.33
0.26
6.40
0.29
0.57
0.27
0.08
1.47
2.77
0.11
0.31
2.32
1.23
0.16
0.62
0.17
0.37
1.03
0.03
0.12
1.65
1.15
2.59
1.01
18.33
0.40
0.64
0.49
14.71
0.91
1.67
0.19
19.02
6.62
0.26
0.29
0.73
0.83
1.56
3.57
2.57
0.81
17.25
1.37
1.66
0.04
0.16
1.55
4.77
1.40
0.93
7.01
0.11
1.72
1.65
4.27
1.69
0.18
1.32
0.12
0.42
1.64
–
0.73
1.83
0.37
0.41
25.79
125.22
58.45
66.76
12.48
3.83
2.99
26.97
33.79
1.74
1.34
0.21
0.44
0.03
0.31
0.61
1.34
0.26
6.27
0.30
0.58
0.29
0.07
1.60
3.06
0.14
0.34
2.43
1.27
0.16
0.66
0.18
0.38
1.05
0.04
0.13
1.60
1.13
2.90
1.04
19.35
0.39
0.64
0.51
15.14
0.90
1.56
0.19
19.34
7.07
0.36
0.33
0.76
0.82
1.48
3.79
2.59
0.83
18.03
1.39
1.78
0.04
0.13
1.60
4.94
1.36
0.95
7.54
0.11
1.83
1.61
4.19
1.62
0.17
1.39
0.14
0.43
1.72
–
0.75
1.82
0.37
0.40
26.40
128.11
59.67
68.44
13.25
3.97
3.10
26.64
33.71
1.74
1.35
0.20
0.45
0.03
0.27
0.66
1.39
0.26
6.35
0.33
0.59
0.30
0.07
1.61
3.16
0.17
0.36
2.58
1.30
0.17
0.69
0.23
0.41
1.14
0.03
0.13
1.86
1.09
2.83
1.09
20.12
0.38
0.66
0.54
15.52
0.89
1.55
0.18
19.73
7.38
0.41
0.36
0.76
0.84
1.48
3.93
2.61
0.84
18.60
1.42
2.01
0.04
0.14
1.60
5.22
1.34
0.96
8.69
0.11
1.93
1.56
4.21
1.62
0.18
1.47
0.14
0.44
1.79
–
0.84
1.80
0.34
0.40
27.81
131.53
60.43
71.10
13.87
4.19
3.15
29.58
36.93
1.75
1.29
0.20
0.48
0.03
0.29
0.63
1.14
0.29
6.09
0.31
0.61
0.29
0.08
1.54
3.09
0.17
0.35
2.49
1.28
0.16
0.72
0.21
0.42
1.13
0.04
0.12
1.70
1.10
2.86
1.08
19.74
0.39
0.70
0.63
16.36
1.02
1.60
0.21
20.90
7.91
0.53
0.38
0.76
0.90
1.23
4.04
2.56
0.79
19.09
1.56
2.15
0.04
0.16
1.64
5.54
1.29
0.99
10.22
0.11
2.09
1.60
4.17
1.61
0.16
1.57
0.15
0.44
2.08
–
0.85
1.80
0.35
0.39
29.87
138.16
63.50
74.67
13.61
4.24
3.17
30.57
37.98
1.68
1.29
0.23
0.48
0.02
0.30
0.63
0.92
0.33
5.88
0.32
0.63
0.30
0.07
1.57
3.19
0.19
0.35
2.55
1.33
0.16
0.75
0.22
0.39
1.30
0.04
0.12
1.56
1.02
2.78
1.08
19.93
0.42
0.69
0.63
16.00
1.14
1.60
0.20
20.67
8.04
0.70
0.39
0.83
0.90
1.32
4.00
2.57
0.84
19.60
1.63
2.12
0.04
0.15
1.66
5.59
1.52
1.11
11.10
0.11
2.13
1.58
3.89
1.61
0.18
1.60
0.15
0.45
2.02
–
0.84
1.83
0.35
0.41
30.89
140.54
64.80
75.74
14.08
4.05
3.11
29.95
37.11
1.58
1.16
0.22
0.50
0.02
0.25
0.54
0.68
0.29
5.24
0.31
0.61
0.30
0.07
1.46
3.12
0.21
0.37
2.44
1.32
0.16
0.78
0.22
0.41
1.17
0.04
0.12
1.67
1.06
2.61
1.07
19.48
0.43
0.64
0.60
14.81
1.13
1.55
0.22
19.38
8.39
0.75
0.41
0.74
0.93
1.26
4.04
2.51
0.86
19.88
1.55
2.08
0.03
0.15
1.70
5.51
1.47
1.10
11.90
0.18
2.15
1.50
3.76
1.37
0.16
1.48
0.14
0.45
2.04
–
0.90
1.69
0.31
0.42
31.02
137.62
63.28
74.34
13.68
-4.7%
-2.2%
-2.3%
-2.6%
-5.9%
-10.4%
-6.3%
3.3%
-13.9%
-14.4%
-13.7%
-26.9%
-11.9%
-11.1%
-4.5%
-2.5%
1.4%
-4.1%
-7.1%
-2.7%
9.7%
3.1%
-4.7%
-1.5%
-3.2%
2.9%
-2.6%
5.1%
-10.1%
3.4%
-5.4%
6.6%
3.4%
-6.5%
-1.3%
-2.5%
0.6%
-7.0%
-4.8%
-7.7%
-1.0%
-3.4%
9.7%
-6.5%
4.0%
6.4%
4.6%
-10.7%
3.4%
-4.9%
0.6%
-2.9%
1.8%
1.2%
-4.8%
-2.2%
-23.0%
-4.8%
2.4%
-1.8%
-3.1%
-1.9%
6.9%
58.2%
0.3%
-5.7%
-3.7%
-14.9%
-7.2%
-7.5%
-9.1%
0.1%
0.8%
n/a
6.7%
-8.3%
-11.8%
2.4%
0.1%
-2.3%
-2.6%
-2.1%
-3.1%
2009-19
Share
2020
2.7%
2.9%
3.0%
2.3%
3.2% 21.8%
3.2% 27.0%
1.1%
1.1%
5.6%
0.8%
8.8%
0.2%
4.8%
0.4%
◆
0.7%
9.4%
0.2%
-0.9%
0.4%
-2.9%
0.5%
6.4%
0.2%
1.9%
3.8%
0.1%
0.2%
-0.1%
0.4%
0.5%
0.2%
-5.9%
0.1%
-0.2%
1.1%
0.5%
2.3%
4.3%
0.1%
-0.8%
0.3%
-0.5%
1.8%
-1.1%
1.0%
1.0%
0.1%
3.3%
0.6%
2.5%
0.2%
-1.4%
0.3%
-0.1%
0.8%
◆
-1.2%
0.8%
0.1%
2.5%
1.2%
-5.3%
0.8%
-1.6%
1.9%
0.1%
0.8%
-0.4% 14.2%
3.2%
0.3%
1.2%
0.5%
7.1%
0.4%
1.1% 10.8%
6.3%
0.8%
0.1%
1.1%
0.4%
0.2%
1.4% 14.1%
5.2%
6.1%
11.0%
0.5%
10.4%
0.3%
6.9%
0.5%
6.3%
0.7%
5.6%
0.9%
4.1%
2.9%
2.2%
1.8%
0.4%
0.6%
4.6% 14.4%
5.6%
1.1%
3.7%
1.5%
◆
4.2%
2.5%
0.1%
7.2%
1.2%
5.1%
4.0%
3.7%
1.1%
5.1%
0.8%
13.1%
8.6%
0.7%
0.1%
1.9%
1.6%
0.4%
1.1%
1.6%
2.7%
1.1%
1.0%
2.0%
0.1%
2.5%
1.1%
1.2%
0.1%
3.2%
0.3%
4.7%
1.5%
n/a
n/a
6.4%
0.7%
2.9%
1.2%
2.5%
0.2%
7.6%
0.3%
5.2% 22.5%
2.9% 100.0%
2.1% 46.0%
3.6% 54.0%
-0.1%
9.9%
Source: includes data from Cedigaz, FGE MENAgas service.
*E xcludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in gas-to-liquids transformation. ◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Notes: The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with
unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.
Annual changes and share of total are calculated using exajoules figures.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
39
Natural gas: Production by region
Natural gas: Consumption by region
Billion cubic metres
Billion cubic metres
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
CIS
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
95
00
05
10
15
20
4000
4000
3500
3500
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
95
00
05
10
15
20
Natural gas consumption decreased by 2.3% or 81 billion cubic metres (bcm), similar to the fall seen in 2009 during the financial crisis. Gas consumption fell in most
regions, with a notable exception in China where demand grew by 6.9%. In contrast, gas demand dropped in North America and Europe by 2.6% and 2.5% respectively.
Gas production fell by 123 bcm (-3.3%), with the largest drops seen in Russia (-41 bcm) and the US (-15 bcm).
Natural gas: Consumption per capita 2020
GJ per capita
0-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
> 80
40
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
0
Prices
LNG
Japan
CIF1
US dollars per million Btu
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Japan Korea
Marker (JKM)2
3.64
3.99
3.62
3.52
3.18
3.46
3.66
3.91
3.05
3.14
4.72
4.64
4.27
4.77
5.18
6.05
7.14
7.73
12.55
9.06
10.91
14.73
16.75
16.17
16.33
10.31
6.94
8.10
10.05
9.94
7.81
Average German
UK
Import Price3 (Heren NBP Index)4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.28
7.72
14.02
15.12
16.56
13.86
7.45
5.72
7.13
9.76
5.49
4.39
2.78
3.23
2.70
2.51
2.35
2.43
2.50
2.66
2.33
1.86
2.91
3.67
3.21
4.06
4.30
5.83
7.87
7.99
11.60
8.53
8.03
10.49
10.93
10.73
9.11
6.72
4.93
5.62
6.66
5.03
4.06
Natural gas
Netherlands TTF
(DA Heren Index)4
US
Henry Hub5
Canada
(Alberta)5
Crude oil
OECD
countries CIF6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.07
7.46
5.93
10.66
4.96
6.77
9.26
9.45
9.75
8.14
6.44
4.54
5.72
7.90
4.45
3.07
1.64
1.49
1.77
2.12
1.92
1.69
2.76
2.53
2.08
2.27
4.23
4.07
3.33
5.63
5.85
8.79
6.76
6.95
8.85
3.89
4.39
4.01
2.76
3.71
4.35
2.60
2.46
2.96
3.12
2.51
1.99
1.05
0.89
0.98
1.69
1.45
0.89
1.12
1.36
1.42
2.00
3.75
3.61
2.57
4.83
5.03
7.25
5.83
6.17
7.99
3.38
3.69
3.47
2.27
2.93
3.87
2.01
1.55
1.58
1.18
1.27
1.58
3.82
3.33
3.19
2.82
2.70
2.96
3.54
3.29
2.16
2.98
4.83
4.08
4.17
4.89
6.27
8.74
10.66
11.95
16.76
10.41
13.47
18.55
18.82
18.25
16.80
8.77
7.04
8.97
11.68
10.82
7.19
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.87
1.96
1.86
1.58
2.71
3.17
2.37
3.33
4.46
7.38
7.87
6.01
10.79
4.85
6.56
9.04
9.46
10.64
8.25
6.53
4.69
5.80
8.06
4.47
3.42
Source:
.
EDMC Energy Trend.
Source: S&P Global Platts ©2020, S&P Global Inc.
Source: 1986-1990 German Federal Statistical Office, 1991-2020 German Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA).
4
Source: ICIS Heren Energy Ltd.
5
Source: Energy Intelligence Group, Natural Gas Week.
6
Source: ©OECD/IEA 2020, Oil, Gas, Coal and Electricity, Quarterly Statistics www.iea.org/statistics.
1
2
3
Note: CIF = cost+insurance+freight (average prices).
Prices
$/mmBtu
18
US Henry Hub
Average German Import Price
UK NBP
Netherlands TTF Index
Japan LNG CIF
Japan Korea Marker (JKM)
15
12
9
6
3
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
20
0
41
Natural gas: Inter-regional trade
Growth rate per annum
Billion cubic metres
US
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
LNG exports*
Total exports
Other North America
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
LNG exports*
Total exports
Brazil
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
LNG exports*
Total exports
Other S. & Cent. America
LNG imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
LNG exports*
Total exports
Europe
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
LNG exports*
Total exports
Russia
Pipeline imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
LNG exports
Total exports
Other CIS
Pipeline imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
Total exports
Middle East
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
LNG exports
Total exports
Africa
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
LNG exports
Total exports
China
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
LNG exports*
Total exports
India
LNG imports
Total imports
LNG exports*
Total exports
OECD Asia
Pipeline imports
LNG imports
Total imports
LNG exports*
Total exports
Other Asia
LNG imports
Total imports
Pipeline exports
LNG exports*
Total exports
World
Inter-regional pipeline trade
LNG trade
Total trade
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
Share
2020
90.2
12.1
102.3
29.2
1.5
30.7
85.0
9.9
94.9
39.1
1.8
40.9
80.8
4.9
85.6
45.3
0.8
46.1
75.9
2.7
78.6
42.5
0.2
42.7
71.8
1.7
73.5
40.4
0.4
40.8
71.6
2.5
74.1
47.2
0.7
47.9
79.5
2.4
82.0
58.7
4.0
62.7
80.5
2.2
82.7
65.7
17.1
82.8
76.6
2.1
78.8
67.8
28.6
96.3
73.3
1.5
74.7
75.4
47.4
122.8
68.2
1.3
69.5
76.1
61.4
137.5
-7.2%
-12.3%
-7.3%
0.6%
29.2%
11.6%
-2.0%
-19.3%
-3.1%
10.3%
50.1%
15.5%
7.3%
0.1%
7.4%
8.1%
6.5%
14.6%
29.2
8.1
37.3
90.2
–
90.2
39.1
7.0
46.1
85.0
0.1
85.1
45.3
6.5
51.7
80.8
–
80.8
42.5
8.8
51.3
75.9
–
75.9
40.4
9.8
50.2
71.8
†
71.9
47.2
7.4
54.7
71.6
†
71.6
58.7
5.9
64.5
79.5
†
79.6
65.7
7.0
72.7
80.5
†
80.6
67.8
7.5
75.3
76.6
0.1
76.7
75.4
7.1
82.6
73.3
†
73.3
76.1
3.4
79.5
68.2
†
68.2
0.6%
-53.0%
-4.0%
-7.2%
-54.0%
-7.2%
10.3%
4.1%
9.6%
-2.0%
n/a
-2.0%
8.1%
0.4%
8.5%
7.3%
9.3
2.8
12.1
–
–
9.3
0.7
9.9
–
–
9.5
3.5
13.0
0.5
0.5
11.0
5.2
16.3
0.1
0.1
11.4
7.1
18.5
0.2
0.2
11.2
6.8
18.0
†
†
9.8
2.6
12.4
0.6
0.6
8.4
1.7
10.1
0.2
0.2
7.6
2.9
10.5
0.1
0.1
6.4
3.2
9.7
–
–
6.2
3.3
9.5
–
–
-3.9%
3.4%
-1.4%
n/a
n/a
-1.8%
22.6%
1.8%
n/a
n/a
0.7%
0.4%
1.0%
–
–
6.4
6.4
9.3
21.4
30.7
9.3
9.3
9.3
23.4
32.7
11.1
11.1
9.5
23.4
32.9
12.9
12.9
11.0
24.1
35.1
12.5
12.5
11.4
23.3
34.7
12.1
12.1
11.2
21.4
32.6
12.6
12.6
9.8
19.9
29.7
11.7
11.7
8.4
19.1
27.5
11.6
11.6
7.6
21.4
29.0
9.9
9.9
6.4
22.5
28.9
10.5
10.5
6.2
19.9
26.1
6.1%
6.1%
-3.9%
-11.7%
-9.9%
12.4%
12.4%
-1.8%
1.4%
0.6%
1.1%
1.1%
0.7%
2.1%
2.8%
224.8
89.1
313.9
5.1
5.1
234.4
89.2
323.6
6.1
6.1
228.5
68.2
296.7
8.1
8.1
234.1
51.8
285.8
9.0
9.0
209.4
52.1
261.4
13.0
13.0
214.9
56.0
270.9
11.0
11.0
230.6
56.4
287.0
10.6
10.6
247.2
64.7
311.9
7.9
7.9
247.3
71.3
318.6
11.7
11.7
237.0
119.1
356.0
8.8
8.8
211.3
114.8
326.1
5.6
5.6
-11.1%
-3.8%
-8.6%
-35.9%
-35.9%
0.8%
5.4%
2.1%
10.1%
10.1%
22.5%
12.2%
34.7%
0.6%
0.6%
33.4
33.4
194.0
13.5
207.5
41.2
41.2
210.6
14.3
224.9
39.7
39.7
201.5
14.3
215.8
32.9
32.9
210.7
14.5
225.2
33.1
33.1
189.6
13.6
203.2
26.5
26.5
194.2
14.6
208.8
24.3
24.3
202.0
14.6
216.7
28.6
28.6
219.7
15.4
235.2
24.6
24.6
222.4
24.9
247.3
30.6
30.6
221.0
39.1
260.1
11.0
11.0
197.7
40.4
238.1
-64.2%
-64.2%
-10.8%
3.1%
-8.7%
-2.3%
-2.3%
1.5%
19.0%
2.8%
1.2%
1.2%
21.0%
4.3%
25.3%
26.5
26.5
51.1
51.1
25.4
25.4
71.8
71.8
25.2
25.2
69.7
69.7
24.0
24.0
69.5
69.5
26.3
26.3
75.4
75.4
25.4
25.4
72.6
72.6
26.3
26.3
72.8
72.8
28.8
28.8
78.0
78.0
30.4
30.4
80.8
80.8
29.8
29.8
85.5
85.5
26.7
26.7
61.8
61.8
-10.6%
-10.6%
-27.8%
-27.8%
2.8%
2.8%
5.2%
5.2%
2.8%
2.8%
6.6%
6.6%
13.4
3.0
16.4
8.2
103.8
112.0
13.0
4.4
17.4
9.1
128.7
137.9
5.3
4.2
9.4
9.0
130.3
139.3
6.3
4.3
10.6
8.9
135.2
144.2
7.6
5.3
12.9
9.3
132.2
141.5
9.6
9.8
19.4
8.1
125.4
133.5
7.3
13.7
21.1
8.0
126.0
133.9
4.6
13.0
17.7
11.0
122.3
133.2
2.1
9.4
11.5
8.8
125.9
134.8
1.8
9.4
11.2
8.0
127.5
135.6
1.1
9.2
10.3
7.7
126.9
134.6
-38.4%
-3.1%
-8.8%
-4.0%
-0.8%
-1.0%
-16.3%
26.0%
-0.4%
3.9%
5.9%
5.8%
0.1%
1.0%
1.1%
0.8%
13.5%
14.3%
–
–
–
48.2
58.8
106.9
–
–
–
36.1
56.4
92.4
–
–
–
39.3
54.2
93.5
–
–
–
34.4
47.0
81.4
–
–
–
29.4
49.5
78.8
–
3.9
3.9
30.1
48.5
78.6
–
10.7
10.7
38.7
46.2
84.9
–
8.3
8.3
37.2
55.7
92.9
–
3.2
3.2
37.5
53.6
91.1
–
–
–
28.0
61.2
89.2
2.1
–
2.1
26.1
56.4
82.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
-6.9%
-8.1%
-7.7%
3.4
13.0
16.4
–
–
13.6
16.9
30.5
–
–
20.8
20.1
40.8
–
–
26.4
25.1
51.5
–
–
30.3
27.3
57.5
–
–
32.4
27.0
59.4
–
–
36.8
36.8
73.5
–
–
39.9
52.9
92.8
–
–
47.9
73.5
121.3
–
–
47.7
84.7
132.5
0.1
0.1
45.1
94.0
139.1
–
–
-5.8%
10.6%
4.7%
-100.0%
-100.0%
n/a
26.6%
32.4%
n/a
n/a
4.8%
10.0%
14.8%
–
–
11.5
11.5
–
–
17.4
17.4
–
–
18.4
18.4
–
–
18.0
18.0
–
–
19.1
19.1
–
–
20.0
20.0
0.4
0.4
24.3
24.3
0.1
0.1
26.1
26.1
0.1
0.1
30.6
30.6
–
–
32.4
32.4
0.1
0.1
35.8
35.8
–
–
10.2%
10.2%
-100.0%
-100.0%
9.6%
9.6%
n/a
n/a
3.8%
3.8%
–
–
5.2
141.4
146.5
25.8
25.8
5.3
156.3
161.6
26.0
26.0
5.0
169.6
174.6
28.3
28.3
5.9
175.7
181.6
30.6
30.6
5.2
173.6
178.8
32.2
32.2
5.8
161.6
167.4
40.1
40.1
5.5
159.9
165.3
60.5
60.5
4.9
165.4
170.2
76.8
76.8
4.9
173.2
178.1
91.9
91.9
4.3
161.1
165.5
104.7
104.7
4.4
157.3
161.7
106.3
106.3
1.7%
-2.6%
-2.5%
1.3%
1.3%
-3.1%
2.6%
2.4%
15.3%
15.3%
0.5%
16.7%
17.2%
11.3%
11.3%
15.0
15.0
5.2
72.5
77.6
17.3
17.3
5.3
71.5
76.8
18.5
18.5
5.0
65.0
70.0
22.4
22.4
6.1
66.2
72.3
25.2
25.2
8.1
69.3
77.5
29.8
29.8
9.5
75.0
84.5
33.0
33.0
9.2
75.8
85.0
40.2
40.2
8.1
78.5
86.6
45.5
45.5
7.8
72.4
80.2
55.3
55.3
8.7
72.4
81.1
58.3
58.3
8.3
71.0
79.3
5.1%
5.1%
-4.9%
-2.2%
-2.5%
16.2%
16.2%
3.9%
0.9%
1.2%
6.2%
6.2%
0.9%
7.6%
8.4%
435.3
302.4
737.7
466.3
328.3
794.6
460.0
324.9
784.9
459.0
326.8
785.9
435.4
333.6
769.1
444.6
337.1
781.7
478.7
358.3
836.9
508.7
393.3
902.0
509.3
430.6
939.9
506.3
483.8
990.1
452.2
487.9
940.1
-10.9%
0.6%
-5.3%
◆
7.3%
n/a 0.220%
n/a
–
n/a
0.2%
-4.3%
2.8%
0.9%
6.0%
-1.1%
8.8%
1.8% 48.1%
6.8% 51.9%
4.0% 100.0%
*LNG exports include re-exports.
Pipeline trade excludes intra-regional trade.
†Less than 0.05.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Notes: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15°C and 1013 mbar) and have been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
42
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Natural gas: LNG imports
Growth rate per annum
Billion cubic metres
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Belgium
France
Italy
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
Other EU
Rest of Europe
Total Europe
Egypt
Kuwait
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East & Africa
Total Middle East & Africa
China
India
Japan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total LNG imports
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2.0
6.1
12.1
20.2
1.9
2.8
3.1
1.4
9.2
6.5
14.7
9.3
28.2
7.8
18.8
3.9
†
89.1
–
2.8
0.2
–
3.0
13.0
11.5
96.4
–
–
–
45.0
15.0
–
–
180.9
302.4
3.2
3.8
9.9
16.8
3.7
0.7
3.7
1.9
9.9
6.3
14.4
9.1
23.9
5.9
24.7
4.9
–
89.2
–
3.0
1.4
–
4.4
16.9
17.4
108.6
–
–
–
47.7
16.3
1.1
–
207.9
328.3
1.6
4.9
4.9
11.4
4.7
3.5
4.0
2.4
14.6
4.1
9.8
7.1
21.4
7.6
13.9
4.4
†
68.2
–
2.8
1.4
–
4.2
20.1
18.4
119.8
–
–
–
49.7
17.1
1.4
0.1
226.6
324.9
1.0
7.8
2.7
11.4
6.3
5.2
3.8
2.8
18.1
3.1
8.3
5.8
15.7
5.9
9.2
3.7
–
51.8
–
2.3
1.6
0.5
4.3
25.1
18.0
120.4
2.0
–
1.3
55.3
17.2
2.0
–
241.2
326.8
0.5
9.3
1.7
11.5
6.2
7.1
3.5
2.8
19.6
2.9
6.9
4.5
16.2
7.1
11.2
3.3
†
52.1
–
3.6
1.6
0.1
5.3
27.3
19.1
121.8
2.2
–
2.6
51.8
18.6
1.9
–
245.2
333.6
0.6
6.8
2.5
10.0
5.6
6.8
3.7
2.8
18.9
3.6
6.4
5.9
13.7
7.5
13.7
5.2
–
56.0
3.9
4.3
2.9
2.7
13.7
27.0
20.0
115.9
2.2
1.5
3.0
45.8
19.6
3.6
–
238.5
337.1
0.3
5.6
2.4
8.3
5.1
2.6
4.5
3.0
15.2
2.4
9.1
5.9
13.8
7.6
10.7
6.9
–
56.4
10.7
4.7
4.2
4.8
24.5
36.8
24.3
113.6
1.5
4.0
3.2
46.3
20.4
3.9
–
253.9
358.3
0.4
6.6
2.2
9.2
4.6
1.7
4.4
2.8
13.5
1.3
10.9
8.2
16.6
10.9
6.6
10.2
0.1
64.7
8.3
4.8
3.0
5.3
21.4
52.9
26.1
113.9
2.0
6.1
4.1
51.4
22.7
5.2
–
284.6
393.3
0.6
6.9
2.1
9.6
3.6
2.9
4.3
3.7
14.5
3.3
12.7
8.2
15.0
11.4
7.2
13.4
–
71.3
3.2
4.3
1.0
4.0
12.5
73.5
30.6
113.0
1.8
9.4
4.5
60.2
22.9
6.0
0.8
322.7
430.6
0.5
6.6
1.5
8.6
1.8
3.2
3.3
4.8
13.1
7.2
23.0
13.5
21.9
12.9
17.1
23.4
–
119.1
–
5.1
1.6
2.7
9.4
84.7
32.4
105.5
3.3
11.8
5.0
55.6
22.8
6.7
5.7
333.6
483.8
0.8
2.5
1.3
4.6
1.8
3.3
3.7
5.1
13.9
5.1
19.6
12.1
20.9
14.8
18.6
23.7
0.1
114.8
–
5.7
1.6
1.9
9.2
94.0
35.8
102.0
3.6
10.6
5.7
55.3
24.7
7.5
6.1
345.4
487.9
56.1%
-62.0%
-12.3%
-46.0%
0.7%
3.4%
9.6%
5.5%
5.4%
-29.8%
-15.1%
-10.7%
-5.1%
14.9%
8.2%
1.1%
n/a
-3.8%
n/a
10.6%
-4.3%
-28.3%
-3.1%
10.6%
10.2%
-3.6%
9.3%
-10.0%
15.3%
-0.9%
8.0%
11.4%
6.4%
3.3%
0.6%
Gross LNG trade
◆Less than 0.05%. n/a not available.
Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
Share
2020
-6.1%
0.2%
5.8%
0.5%
-19.3%
0.3%
-6.8%
1.0%
5.7%
0.4%
22.6%
0.7%
17.3%
0.8%
13.3%
1.0%
14.2%
2.8%
0.5%
1.0%
5.6%
4.0%
16.1%
2.5%
-2.2%
4.3%
8.0%
3.0%
5.4%
3.8%
20.2%
4.9%
◆
n/a
5.4% 23.5%
n/a
–
18.6%
1.2%
n/a
0.3%
n/a
0.4%
26.0%
1.9%
26.6% 19.3%
9.6%
7.3%
1.7% 20.9%
n/a
0.7%
n/a
2.2%
n/a
1.2%
4.6% 11.3%
6.3%
5.1%
n/a
1.5%
n/a
1.3%
7.8% 70.8%
6.8% 100.0%
Source: includes GIIGNL, IHS Markit.
†Less than 0.05.
LNG imports by source: Europe
LNG imports by source: Japan
Billion cubic metres
Billion cubic metres
Algeria
Qatar
Algeria
Nigeria
Qatar
US
Nigeria
Russia
US
Others
Russia
Others
2009-19
140
140
120
120
100
100
80
140
Australia
Qatar
Australia
Malaysia
Qatar
Indonesia
Malaysia
Russia
Indonesia
Others
Russia
Others
140
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
80
60
60
40
60
40
40
20
40
20
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
LNG imports by source: China
Billion cubic metres
Australia
Qatar
Australia
Malaysia
Qatar
Indonesia
Malaysia
US
Indonesia
Others
US
Others
100
90
100
80
90
70
80
60
70
50
60
LNG imports by source: South Korea
Billion cubic metres
Australia
Qatar
Australia
Malaysia
Qatar
Indonesia
Malaysia
US
Indonesia
Others
US
Others
100
90
100
80
90
70
80
60
70
50
60
40
50
40
50
30
40
30
40
20
30
20
30
10
20
10
20
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
10
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
43
Natural gas: LNG exports
Growth rate per annum
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
1.5
1.9
19.6
–
22.9
13.5
4.6
0.5
18.6
11.7
77.8
8.7
5.5
103.8
19.5
–
10.0
24.1
5.3
58.8
25.8
9.0
32.4
31.0
–
–
98.3
302.4
1.8
5.2
18.2
0.1
25.2
14.3
4.4
1.7
20.4
11.0
100.7
8.3
8.8
128.7
16.7
–
9.0
25.7
5.0
56.4
26.0
9.6
28.7
33.2
–
–
97.5
328.3
0.8
5.1
18.3
0.5
24.7
14.3
4.6
3.6
22.4
11.1
104.0
8.1
7.1
130.3
14.9
–
6.9
27.9
4.6
54.2
28.3
9.2
24.4
31.4
–
–
93.3
324.9
0.2
5.7
18.4
0.1
24.3
14.5
3.8
5.2
23.5
11.5
105.8
7.9
9.9
135.2
15.0
0.4
3.9
22.5
5.2
47.0
30.5
9.5
23.1
33.6
–
0.1
96.8
326.8
0.4
5.7
17.6
0.2
23.9
13.6
4.6
8.4
26.6
10.6
103.6
8.6
9.4
132.2
17.4
0.4
0.4
26.1
5.0
49.5
32.0
8.6
21.7
34.0
5.0
0.2
101.5
333.6
0.7
5.0
16.4
†
22.1
14.6
5.6
5.4
25.6
10.2
105.6
7.6
1.9
125.4
16.6
–
–
26.9
5.0
48.5
39.9
8.7
21.6
34.3
10.1
0.8
115.5
337.1
4.0
5.5
14.3
0.6
24.5
14.6
6.1
4.5
25.3
11.0
107.3
7.7
–
126.0
15.5
0.9
0.8
24.6
4.4
46.2
60.4
8.6
22.4
33.6
10.9
0.5
136.4
358.3
17.1
5.5
13.5
0.3
36.5
15.4
5.4
2.5
23.4
11.4
103.6
7.3
–
122.3
16.4
5.0
1.2
28.2
4.9
55.7
76.6
9.1
21.7
36.1
11.1
0.8
155.4
393.3
28.6
4.8
16.6
0.1
50.1
24.9
6.8
5.0
36.7
13.6
104.9
7.4
–
125.9
13.1
5.2
2.0
27.9
5.5
53.6
91.8
8.5
20.8
33.0
9.5
0.6
164.3
430.6
47.4
5.3
17.1
0.1
69.9
39.1
6.9
1.9
47.9
14.1
105.8
7.7
–
127.5
16.6
5.8
4.5
28.8
5.5
61.2
104.7
8.8
16.5
35.2
11.6
0.5
177.2
483.8
61.4
5.0
14.3
0.5
81.3
40.4
4.3
1.3
46.0
13.2
106.1
7.6
–
126.9
15.0
6.1
1.8
28.4
5.1
56.4
106.2
8.4
16.8
32.8
11.5
1.4
177.3
487.9
29.2%
-4.9%
-16.3%
392.3%
16.0%
3.1%
-37.8%
-29.3%
-4.1%
-6.3%
Billion cubic metres
US
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Americas*
Total Americas
Russia
Norway
Other Europe*
Total Europe & CIS
Oman
Qatar
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Total Middle East
Algeria
Angola
Egypt
Nigeria
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Brunei
Indonesia
Malaysia
Papua New Guinea
Other Asia Pacific*
Total Asia Pacific
Total LNG exports
Gross LNG trade.
*Largely consists of re-exports.
than 0.05%.
†Less than 0.05.
n/a not available.
Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
◆
-1.0%
n/a
-0.8%
-10.3%
5.4%
-60.4%
-1.5%
-7.5%
-8.1%
1.2%
-4.2%
1.6%
-6.9%
-0.9%
163.9%
-0.3%
0.6%
2009-19
Share
2020
50.1% 12.6%
n/a
1.0%
-1.3%
2.9%
n/a
0.1%
13.2% 16.7%
19.0%
8.3%
8.2%
0.9%
22.7%
0.3%
16.7%
9.4%
1.7%
2.7%
7.4% 21.7%
-0.2%
1.6%
-100.0%
–
5.9% 26.0%
-2.5%
3.1%
n/a
1.2%
-10.0%
0.4%
6.0%
5.8%
0.2%
1.0%
0.9% 11.6%
15.3% 21.8%
-0.3%
1.7%
-4.8%
3.4%
1.5%
6.7%
n/a
2.4%
n/a
0.3%
6.8% 36.3%
6.8% 100.0%
Source: includes GIIGNL, IHS Markit.
◆Less
Natural gas: Trade movements 2020 as LNG*
*Includes re-exports.
†Less than 0.05.
–
0.1
–
0.1
–
–
0.1
–
0.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
40.6
1.4
39.7
2.6
–
3.2
10.9
6.7
1.1
–
106.0
106.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.0
0.1
5.4
1.0
–
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.2
–
8.4
8.4
–
0.3
–
0.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.4
–
3.0
–
0.1
0.4
3.7
1.6
0.3
–
16.4
16.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.3
–
14.8
–
0.1
–
6.7
1.0
1.3
0.6
32.8
32.8
O th
Pac er A sia
ific*
Tot
impal
or t
s
Ma
nes
Indo
nei
a
Bru
–
0.1
–
0.1
–
–
0.7
–
0.7
–
–
0.1
1.0
0.3
–
0.2
–
1.6
–
0.2
–
–
0.2
0.7
1.3
–
–
–
0.1
0.3
–
0.1
0.1
2.5
5.1
trali
–
0.2
0.2
0.4
–
†
–
–
†
–
4.2
0.2
4.0
1.8
0.3
4.0
–
14.6
–
1.0
0.3
0.2
1.5
3.3
4.0
1.9
0.1
0.6
–
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.8
11.9
28.4
Aus
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
–
0.4
–
0.1
–
–
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
–
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
–
1.3
1.8
er A
–
–
–
–
–
0.1
–
–
0.1
0.1
0.2
–
0.4
0.1
–
0.4
–
1.1
–
0.4
0.2
–
0.5
0.5
3.1
–
–
0.1
0.3
0.5
–
–
–
4.4
6.1
O th
eria
Nig
pt
Eg y
ola
A ng
eria
A lg
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.1
0.1
–
4.3
2.8
0.5
5.7
†
0.7
–
13.9
–
0.1
–
–
0.1
0.2
0.3
–
–
0.4
–
–
–
–
0.1
0.9
15.0
ia
a
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
fric
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.4
4.8
1.4
–
0.5
–
0.3
0.3
–
–
7.6
7.6
en
ar
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.9
–
2.8
–
1.9
–
6.8
–
3.1
–
3.1
–
9.0
–
3.5
–
–
– 30.2
–
–
0.2
3.1
0.3
–
–
0.1
0.5
3.2
1.4 11.2
1.8 14.1
3.3 11.9
–
–
0.2
7.1
0.2
0.5
5.4 13.0
0.1
6.9
0.2
3.0
–
4.1
12.7 71.8
13.2 106.1
Yem
–
–
–
–
0.1
–
–
–
0.1
0.9
5.0
–
3.4
0.2
2.9
4.7
0.1
17.2
–
–
0.3
0.3
0.6
6.9
0.7
8.4
–
0.2
0.1
2.8
3.3
–
0.1
22.5
40.4
Unit
Em e d A r a
irate b
s
–
0.1
–
0.1
–
–
–
†
†
–
–
†
0.1
–
–
0.2
–
0.3
–
0.2
–
–
0.2
0.6
0.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.7
1.3
Q at
–
–
0.1
0.1
–
–
–
0.1
0.1
†
0.8
–
0.5
0.1
0.4
2.3
–
4.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.3
–
–
†
†
–
0.1
–
0.3
0.4
–
–
–
0.2
–
–
–
–
0.2
–
–
–
–
–
†
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
†
0.5
an
0.8
0.6
1.0
2.5
0.3
0.4
0.7
2.8
4.2
–
0.5
0.1
2.2
0.6
1.0
0.9
–
5.2
–
–
0.2
0.7
0.9
0.3
0.7
–
–
–
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
–
1.5
14.3
Om
O th
er E
u ro
pe*
Rus
Fed sian
er at
ion
N or
Canada
–
Mexico
0.9
US
–
North America
0.9
Argentina
0.5
Brazil
2.8
Chile
2.1
Other S. & Cent. America
1.8
S. & Cent. America
7.1
Belgium
1.3
France
2.6
Italy
2.1
Spain
5.4
Turkey
2.8
United Kingdom
4.7
Other EU
6.7
Rest of Europe –
Europe
25.6
–
Egypt
0.5
Kuwait
0.3
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East & Africa 0.6
1.3
Middle East & Africa
4.4
China
3.3
India
6.4
Japan
–
Malaysia
1.0
Pakistan
0.8
Singapore
8.0
South Korea
1.5
Taiwan
0.7
Thailand
0.4
Other Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific
26.4
Total exports
61.4
w ay
Trin
Tob idad &
ago
O th
A m er
eric
as*
–
0.1
–
0.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.1
–
0.2
–
–
0.1
–
0.4
–
–
–
–
–
1.5
–
0.9
–
–
–
2.2
–
–
–
4.6
5.0
u
Per
US
To
lays
ia
Pap
Guinua New
ea
From
Billion cubic metres
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.1
–
4.7
–
–
–
0.4
2.2
0.1
–
11.5
11.5
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
0.8
2.5
1.3
4.6
1.8
3.3
3.7
5.1
13.9
5.1
19.6
12.1
20.9
14.8
18.6
23.7
0.1
114.8
–
5.7
1.6
1.9
9.2
94.0
35.8
102.0
3.6
10.6
5.7
55.3
24.7
7.5
6.1
345.4
487.9
Source: includes GIIGNL, IHS Markit.
Note: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar) and has been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3.
44
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.1
–
0.2
–
–
–
0.1
–
–
0.1
1.4
1.4
Major trade movements 2020
Trade flows worldwide (billion cubic metres)
17.2
152.1
4.1
26.1
15.6
106.9
48.6
68.2
25.6
3.9
5.2
21.0
39.2
11.1
4.2
50.6 35.4
37.3
5.1
13.9
54.3
11.1
6.9
30.2
21.8
26.4
11.0
20.8
21.8 7.8
4.5
3.9
20.6
4.0
5.8
40.6 13.1
5.1
6.7
7.2
6.9
6.1
8.4
17.2
7.1
4.6
7.3
4.4
6.2
5.2
3.7
US
Canada
Mexico
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
Pipeline gas
LNG
Source: Includes data from CISStat, FGE, IHS Markit, PIRA Energy Group, Waterborne, Wood Mackenzie.
Natural gas: Trade movements 2020 by pipeline
†Less than 0.05.
–
–
68.2
68.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
68.2
–
–
†
†
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
†
–
–
–
–
5.2
6.2
–
11.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.1
1.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
†
–
–
11.1
–
–
†
2.2
13.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.2
0.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.6
– 56.3
– 19.7
– 11.2
–
–
– 15.6
–
–
–
4.7
– 55.2
–
2.5
– 167.7
– 17.6
–
3.2
7.1
–
0.1
5.3
7.2 26.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.8
3.9
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.8
3.9
14.0 197.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.1
3.8
0.5
4.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
27.2
–
–
–
27.2
31.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.1
2.1
–
2.1
2.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.9
0.9
3.7
1.0
4.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.4
7.0
–
7.3
7.3
anm
ar
O th
e
r
A
Pac
ific sia
Tot
impal
or t
s
My
nes
Indo
er A
O th
a
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.2
ia
a
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.5
–
9.1
–
–
–
0.4
–
21.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.2
5.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
26.1
Liby
eria
A lg
ar
Q at
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20.2
1.6
21.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21.8
fric
ast
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.1
–
–
–
–
5.1
–
–
–
0.5
0.5
–
10.3
10.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16.0
O th
Mider
dle
E
t an
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.7
0.1
0.5
1.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.3
–
–
–
3.3
4.6
Iran
ekis
Uzb
enis
Turk
m
ak h
st an
Rus
Fed sian
er at
ion
K az
rbaij
an
pe
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.4
7.5
1.7
3.8 17.6
1.7
13.0 31.2
1.6
1.6
5.4
8.4
– 20.0
7.2
–
1.2
2.1
–
–
–
–
– 14.7
1.0 23.7
0.3
–
0.3 56.7
0.3
–
6.3
28.1 106.9 100.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
28.1 106.9 100.7
A ze
u ro
er E
O th
w ay
s
N or
land
her
N et
via
Boli
US
21.8
54.3
–
76.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
76.1
O th
A m er S . &
eric
a C e nt .
xico
Me
ad a
Canada
Mexico
US
North America
Argentina
Brazil
Other S. & Cent. America
S. & Cent. America
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other EU
Rest of Europe Europe
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Other CIS
CIS
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Middle East
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Australia
China
Malaysia
Singapore
Thailand
Asia Pacific
Total exports
C an
To
t an
From
Billion cubic metres
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.9
–
–
6.9
10.8
10.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.4
–
–
1.4
–
5.9
5.9
21.8
54.3
68.2
144.3
5.2
6.2
1.1
12.5
17.6
25.8
102.0
50.8
38.4
12.3
31.8
14.7
29.7
112.6
11.3
447.1
17.6
4.1
11.0
6.8
39.5
20.2
15.1
35.3
3.7
8.2
11.9
4.4
45.1
0.4
8.4
6.9
65.2
755.8
Source: includes data from FGE MENAgas service, IHS Markit.
Note: As far as possible, the data above represents standard cubic metres (measured at 15ºC and 1013 mbar) and has been standardized using a gross calorific value (GCV) of 40 MJ/m3.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
45
Coal
Total proved reserves at end 2020
Million tonnes
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Middle East
Total Middle East & Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Mongolia
New Zealand
Pakistan
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
*More than 500 years.
Anthracite
and
bituminous
Subbituminous
and lignite
Total
4346
1160
218938
224444
1547
4554
731
1784
8616
192
1081
–
–
276
22530
11
402
868
550
32039
26
1109
59084
25605
71719
1375
1509
100208
9893
502
4376
1203
15974
73719
135069
105979
23141
340
1170
825
207
326
–
3116
1421
345313
753639
331303
422336
25539
2236
51
30003
32290
5049
–
–
24
5073
2174
2514
35900
2876
2633
5865
280
7112
319
10975
2336
–
5172
78156
–
90447
–
–
90447
–
–
66
–
66
76508
8128
5073
11728
10
1350
6750
2857
–
1063
244
726
114437
320469
177130
143339
53051
6582
1211
248941
256734
6596
4554
731
1808
13689
2366
3595
35900
2876
2909
28395
291
7514
1187
11525
34375
26
6281
137240
25605
162166
1375
1509
190655
9893
502
4442
1203
16040
150227
143197
111052
34869
350
2520
7575
3064
326
1063
3360
2147
459750
1074108
508433
565675
78590
Share
of Total
0.6%
0.1%
23.2%
23.9%
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
0.2%
1.3%
0.2%
0.3%
3.3%
0.3%
0.3%
2.6%
◆
0.7%
0.1%
1.1%
3.2%
◆
0.6%
12.8%
2.4%
15.1%
0.1%
0.1%
17.8%
0.9%
◆
0.4%
0.1%
1.5%
14.0%
13.3%
10.3%
3.2%
◆
0.2%
0.7%
0.3%
◆
0.1%
0.3%
0.2%
42.8%
100.0%
47.3%
52.7%
7.3%
R/P ratio
166
185
*
484
*
90
*
*
240
192
113
334
205
475
282
19
189
282
168
*
16
189
299
226
407
333
336
367
40
153
280
*
60
315
37
147
62
453
58
*
396
320
80
69
33
78
139
363
90
266
Source: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) Energy Study 2021.
than 0.05%.
Notes: Total proved reserves of coal – generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from
known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. The data series for total proved coal reserves does not necessarily meet the definitions, guidelines and practices used for
determining proved reserves at company level, for instance as published by the US Securities and Exchange Commission, nor does it necessarily represent bp’s view of proved reserves by country.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio – if the reserves remaining at the end of any year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves
would last if production were to continue at that rate.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios are calculated excluding other solid fuels in reserves and production.
Shares of total and R/P ratios are calculated using million tonnes figures.
◆Less
46
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years
History
2020 by region
500
800
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
700
Middle East & Africa
Asia Pacific
World
450
400
600
350
500
300
250
400
200
300
150
200
100
100
50
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
& Africa
0
Asia
Pacific
00
05
10
15
20
0
World coal reserves in 2020 stood at 1074 billion tonnes and are heavily concentrated in just a few countries: US (23%), Russia (15%), Australia (14%) and China (13%). Most
of the reserves are anthracite and bituminous (70%). The current global R/P ratio shows that coal reserves in 2020 accounted for 139 years of current production with North
America (484 years) and CIS (367 years) the regions with the highest ratios.
Distribution of proved reserves in 2000, 2010 and 2020
Percentage
Asia Pacific
North America
CIS
Europe
Middle East & Africa
S. & Cent. America
1.5 1.3
2.1
5.4
34.7
12.8
1.6
15.1
13.0
3.7
42.8
32.8
17.8
18.5
21.6
2000
Total 1059053
million tonnes
2020
Total 1074108
million tonnes
2010
Total 897226
million tonnes
24.3
27.3
23.9
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
47
Coal: Production*
Growth rate per annum
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
1.48
0.31
22.09
23.88
0.11
2.14
0.08
0.01
2.35
0.21
0.87
1.92
0.31
0.07
2.32
0.25
0.30
0.14
0.73
1.35
0.48
0.66
9.60
1.99
6.32
0.04
0.04
8.39
0.03
6.03
0.07
0.04
6.15
10.49
69.72
10.57
6.79
0.02
0.48
0.14
0.06
0.04
0.21
1.05
0.87
100.45
150.84
43.99
106.85
6.45
1.48
0.39
22.27
24.15
0.11
2.47
0.08
0.02
2.68
0.26
0.88
1.96
0.31
0.07
2.33
0.28
0.33
0.11
0.75
1.52
0.48
0.66
9.94
2.08
6.60
0.05
0.05
8.77
0.03
6.00
0.07
0.05
6.11
10.26
77.53
10.49
8.72
0.03
0.63
0.13
0.06
0.04
0.25
1.09
0.93
110.16
161.85
44.39
117.46
6.57
1.49
0.31
20.72
22.53
0.12
2.56
0.06
0.02
2.76
0.23
0.85
2.00
0.34
0.07
2.42
0.27
0.31
0.10
0.71
1.64
0.44
0.59
9.96
2.16
7.05
0.04
0.05
9.31
0.03
6.14
0.04
0.18
6.36
11.13
78.44
10.68
9.52
0.03
0.59
0.13
0.06
0.04
0.20
0.99
0.96
112.76
163.71
43.70
120.00
6.59
1.53
0.30
20.05
21.87
0.15
2.46
0.04
0.07
2.72
0.20
0.74
1.89
0.28
0.07
2.39
0.19
0.32
0.07
0.65
1.60
0.33
0.69
9.44
2.15
7.25
0.05
0.06
9.51
0.03
6.08
0.08
0.21
6.38
11.97
79.32
10.71
11.71
0.03
0.64
0.12
0.06
0.03
0.20
0.96
0.98
116.72
166.66
43.43
123.23
6.24
1.51
0.30
20.33
22.15
0.15
2.55
0.02
0.12
2.85
0.21
0.71
1.85
0.27
0.07
2.26
0.19
0.24
0.07
0.68
1.09
0.31
0.66
8.60
2.05
7.39
0.05
0.06
9.56
0.03
6.20
0.16
0.24
6.59
12.81
78.05
11.28
11.30
0.03
0.47
0.10
0.06
0.03
0.19
0.96
0.99
116.30
166.07
44.42
121.65
5.99
1.36
0.29
17.99
19.64
0.12
2.46
0.02
0.10
2.70
0.25
0.71
1.79
0.24
0.06
2.22
0.20
0.30
0.05
0.54
0.72
0.23
0.60
7.90
1.93
7.80
0.04
0.07
9.84
0.03
5.96
0.12
0.25
6.33
12.80
76.59
11.77
11.39
0.03
0.46
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.16
0.98
1.06
115.40
161.85
41.31
120.54
5.83
1.37
0.25
14.70
16.33
0.11
2.60
0.01
0.08
2.81
0.21
0.67
1.66
0.17
0.06
2.18
0.18
0.30
0.03
0.65
0.76
0.12
0.56
7.56
1.85
8.12
0.05
0.07
10.10
0.04
6.01
0.07
0.33
6.42
12.83
70.82
11.89
11.25
0.03
0.67
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.18
0.91
1.33
110.09
153.33
37.81
115.52
5.44
1.33
0.31
15.66
17.30
0.09
2.60
0.01
0.05
2.76
0.24
0.64
1.65
0.19
0.05
2.08
0.19
0.30
0.05
0.63
0.57
0.09
0.57
7.25
2.02
8.62
0.05
0.09
10.78
0.04
5.97
0.08
0.61
6.66
12.50
73.17
11.99
11.38
0.03
0.94
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.17
0.90
1.14
112.41
157.20
38.28
118.92
5.39
1.22
0.28
15.40
16.90
0.10
2.42
†
0.05
2.57
0.22
0.62
1.58
0.18
0.05
1.98
0.17
0.28
0.03
0.69
0.59
0.07
0.82
7.28
2.13
9.23
0.05
0.12
11.52
0.04
6.01
0.09
0.76
6.87
13.09
76.87
12.80
13.76
0.02
1.04
0.08
0.08
0.02
0.16
0.99
1.06
119.99
165.17
38.18
127.00
5.20
1.14
0.23
14.29
15.66
0.09
2.43
0.01
0.03
2.56
0.20
0.56
1.19
0.21
0.04
1.87
0.16
0.29
0.07
0.73
0.58
0.06
0.51
6.48
2.07
9.23
0.05
0.12
11.47
0.05
6.21
0.07
0.55
6.84
13.21
79.76
12.60
15.20
0.02
1.09
0.08
0.13
0.02
0.15
1.09
1.48
124.81
167.86
36.42
131.44
4.56
0.89
0.15
10.71
11.76
0.09
1.46
0.02
0.03
1.60
0.16
0.43
0.98
0.11
0.04
1.68
0.11
0.29
0.08
0.60
0.54
0.05
0.46
5.53
2.04
8.37
0.05
0.12
10.58
0.05
5.97
0.09
0.41
6.47
12.42
80.91
12.68
13.88
0.02
0.82
0.07
0.15
0.02
0.14
1.14
1.37
123.62
159.61
29.93
129.67
3.79
-22.0%
-33.1%
-25.2%
-25.1%
3.9%
-40.2%
181.9%
-10.5%
-37.6%
-20.6%
-24.3%
-17.9%
-49.0%
-10.8%
-10.1%
-30.9%
1.7%
14.3%
-18.1%
-8.0%
-23.0%
-8.6%
-14.8%
-1.7%
-9.6%
1.8%
-2.3%
-8.0%
-0.3%
-4.1%
24.5%
-25.8%
-5.6%
-6.2%
1.2%
0.4%
-9.0%
1.5%
-24.8%
-8.6%
14.0%
-6.3%
-7.3%
4.5%
-7.5%
-1.2%
-5.2%
-18.0%
-1.6%
-17.1%
-2.0%
-1.0%
-4.1%
-3.9%
-3.4%
1.5%
-22.8%
7.4%
0.9%
0.6%
-4.3%
-4.8%
-4.6%
-4.4%
-2.3%
-5.0%
-0.7%
-8.4%
Exajoules
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Total Middle East
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Mongolia
New Zealand
Pakistan
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
◆
Share
2020
0.6%
0.1%
6.7%
7.4%
0.1%
0.9%
◆
◆
1.0%
0.1%
0.3%
0.6%
0.1%
◆
1.1%
0.1%
0.2%
◆
0.4%
0.3%
-8.0%
◆
-18.0%
-2.4%
0.3%
-4.0%
3.5%
1.3%
1.3%
4.5%
5.2%
◆
1.2%
12.8%
0.1%
3.9%
6.6%
◆
3.8%
0.6%
3.7%
4.7%
0.1%
34.3%
0.3%
1.4%
4.1%
2.7%
7.8%
2.2% 50.7%
2.0%
7.9%
9.2%
8.7%
◆
-4.5%
14.7%
0.5%
◆
-3.7%
6.8%
0.1%
◆
-7.9%
-2.8%
0.1%
0.5%
0.7%
6.2%
0.9%
2.9% 77.5%
1.6% 100.0%
-1.7% 18.8%
2.8% 81.2%
-3.6%
2.4%
*Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Includes coal produced for coal-toliquids and coal-to-gas transformations.
†Less than 0.005.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
Coal production data expressed in million tonnes is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
48
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Coal: Consumption*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
1.03
0.53
20.88
22.45
0.05
0.61
0.19
0.20
–
0.03
–
0.01
0.10
1.18
0.14
0.16
0.79
0.28
0.48
3.23
0.33
0.11
0.57
0.32
0.03
2.31
0.07
0.29
0.29
0.12
0.01
1.32
1.60
1.29
1.60
15.34
†
0.03
1.40
3.79
–
0.03
0.04
5.29
0.05
–
0.32
†
†
–
†
0.03
0.01
0.42
0.01
0.02
0.12
3.89
0.15
4.19
2.19
0.03
73.22
0.26
12.16
1.65
4.87
0.62
0.06
0.19
0.29
†
3.23
†
1.63
0.65
0.61
0.67
102.34
151.21
45.99
105.22
10.44
0.93
0.62
19.70
21.25
0.05
0.65
0.24
0.16
–
0.03
–
0.01
0.11
1.26
0.15
0.15
0.77
0.23
0.41
3.28
0.33
0.11
0.64
0.31
0.04
2.30
0.09
0.34
0.54
0.10
0.01
1.42
1.74
1.32
1.71
15.99
†
0.03
1.52
3.94
–
0.04
0.05
5.57
0.06
–
0.33
†
†
–
†
0.02
0.02
0.43
0.01
0.02
0.12
3.79
0.18
4.13
2.13
0.05
79.71
0.31
12.75
1.96
4.62
0.62
0.06
0.17
0.32
†
3.50
0.01
1.69
0.66
0.73
0.56
109.85
158.47
45.12
113.36
10.75
0.89
0.54
17.42
18.85
0.05
0.64
0.28
0.20
–
0.04
–
0.01
0.11
1.32
0.13
0.14
0.74
0.19
0.46
3.37
0.34
0.11
0.66
0.34
0.03
2.14
0.12
0.32
0.65
0.09
0.01
1.53
1.79
1.63
1.55
16.34
†
0.03
1.58
4.12
–
0.05
0.05
5.84
0.05
–
0.37
–
†
–
†
0.06
0.02
0.50
0.01
0.02
0.13
3.70
0.17
4.02
2.00
0.04
80.71
0.31
13.82
2.22
4.88
0.66
0.07
0.17
0.34
†
3.38
0.02
1.65
0.69
0.67
0.58
112.20
159.08
43.29
115.79
10.70
0.86
0.53
18.08
19.48
0.05
0.69
0.32
0.21
–
0.04
–
0.01
0.13
1.45
0.14
0.15
0.71
0.21
0.48
3.47
0.29
0.10
0.57
0.34
0.03
2.23
0.11
0.25
0.48
0.09
0.01
1.32
1.73
1.55
1.55
15.81
†
0.04
1.57
3.79
–
0.07
0.06
5.52
0.06
–
0.30
0.01
†
–
†
0.07
0.02
0.47
0.01
0.02
0.13
3.70
0.22
4.07
1.89
0.05
82.44
0.33
14.79
2.39
5.07
0.63
0.06
0.13
0.42
0.01
3.41
0.02
1.68
0.68
0.72
0.45
115.19
161.97
43.63
118.34
10.50
0.82
0.53
18.04
19.39
0.06
0.73
0.32
0.22
–
0.04
–
0.01
0.14
1.52
0.13
0.14
0.69
0.19
0.36
3.33
0.28
0.09
0.55
0.38
0.04
2.07
0.11
0.24
0.49
0.08
0.01
1.51
1.49
1.25
1.42
14.84
†
0.03
1.55
3.67
–
0.07
0.07
5.39
0.07
–
0.28
0.01
†
–
0.01
0.08
0.03
0.47
0.01
0.02
0.17
3.75
0.32
4.26
1.88
0.03
82.49
0.34
16.23
1.89
4.99
0.64
0.06
0.20
0.45
0.02
3.53
0.04
1.70
0.75
0.87
0.51
116.62
162.50
42.94
119.56
10.00
0.82
0.53
15.58
16.94
0.06
0.74
0.31
0.21
–
0.03
–
0.01
0.15
1.50
0.14
0.14
0.68
0.16
0.36
3.29
0.24
0.10
0.52
0.46
0.03
2.04
0.14
0.25
0.57
0.08
0.01
1.45
1.14
0.97
1.44
14.21
†
0.03
1.43
3.86
–
0.05
0.08
5.45
0.07
–
0.27
0.01
†
–
0.01
0.07
0.02
0.44
0.01
0.03
0.19
3.52
0.28
4.02
1.95
0.09
80.94
0.28
16.55
2.14
5.03
0.73
0.06
0.19
0.49
0.02
3.58
0.05
1.65
0.73
1.10
0.49
116.07
158.64
40.24
118.40
9.99
0.77
0.52
14.26
15.55
0.04
0.67
0.31
0.23
–
0.04
–
0.01
0.16
1.45
0.13
0.13
0.69
0.18
0.35
3.20
0.18
0.09
0.46
0.43
0.03
2.07
0.12
0.22
0.44
0.08
†
1.61
1.36
0.46
1.44
13.70
†
0.03
1.42
3.74
–
0.06
0.08
5.33
0.06
–
0.23
0.01
†
–
†
0.08
0.02
0.41
†
0.05
0.18
3.78
0.26
4.28
1.94
0.07
80.21
0.28
16.84
2.23
5.02
0.78
0.05
0.22
0.55
0.02
3.41
0.05
1.64
0.75
1.19
0.62
115.90
156.61
37.96
118.65
9.58
0.78
0.64
13.87
15.29
0.05
0.70
0.32
0.17
–
0.04
–
†
0.13
1.42
0.13
0.13
0.65
0.17
0.38
3.01
0.20
0.09
0.40
0.39
0.03
2.08
0.14
0.23
0.56
0.08
†
1.65
1.08
0.38
1.43
13.23
†
0.04
1.52
3.51
–
0.06
0.09
5.22
0.07
–
0.21
0.01
†
–
†
0.09
0.02
0.40
0.01
0.05
0.19
3.72
0.31
4.27
1.88
0.08
80.59
0.26
17.44
2.39
5.10
0.87
0.05
0.30
0.65
0.04
3.61
0.06
1.70
0.75
1.19
0.62
117.57
157.40
37.65
119.75
9.44
0.65
0.57
13.28
14.50
0.05
0.69
0.31
0.16
–
0.05
–
†
0.15
1.41
0.12
0.13
0.65
0.18
0.34
2.90
0.19
0.09
0.37
0.35
0.03
2.09
0.11
0.21
0.46
0.08
†
1.71
1.17
0.32
1.39
12.90
†
0.05
1.70
3.63
–
0.09
0.09
5.56
0.07
–
0.20
0.01
†
–
†
0.08
0.02
0.38
0.02
0.09
0.22
3.53
0.35
4.20
1.83
0.09
81.11
0.26
18.59
2.84
4.99
0.93
0.06
0.50
0.68
0.02
3.63
0.05
1.70
0.80
1.58
0.63
120.30
159.26
36.33
122.93
9.03
0.63
0.54
11.34
12.52
0.03
0.65
0.31
0.20
–
0.03
–
†
0.23
1.45
0.12
0.13
0.60
0.15
0.27
2.25
0.22
0.08
0.28
0.27
0.03
1.86
0.05
0.21
0.16
0.08
†
1.76
1.08
0.22
1.34
11.13
†
0.06
1.66
3.57
–
0.08
0.09
5.45
0.07
–
0.21
0.01
0.01
–
†
0.08
0.01
0.40
0.02
0.08
0.28
3.64
0.30
4.32
1.75
0.14
81.79
0.26
18.60
3.41
4.91
0.95
0.06
0.56
0.73
0.02
3.44
0.06
1.67
0.71
2.07
1.23
122.37
157.64
32.30
125.34
7.32
0.50
0.21
9.20
9.91
0.03
0.58
0.30
0.27
–
0.02
–
†
0.28
1.48
0.09
0.11
0.49
0.13
0.19
1.84
0.11
0.07
0.21
0.18
0.03
1.67
0.02
0.15
0.07
0.07
†
1.66
0.98
0.19
1.10
9.40
†
0.06
1.64
3.27
–
0.10
0.11
5.17
0.07
–
0.17
†
0.01
–
†
0.11
0.01
0.38
0.02
0.03
0.28
3.48
0.30
4.11
1.69
0.15
82.27
0.14
17.54
3.26
4.57
1.14
0.06
0.62
0.73
0.02
3.03
0.07
1.63
0.73
2.10
1.23
120.97
151.42
27.46
123.96
5.91
-22.2%
-61.5%
-19.1%
-21.1%
8.8%
-10.9%
-4.4%
31.4%
–
-26.8%
–
-35.1%
21.6%
1.5%
-21.8%
-17.6%
-19.0%
-10.4%
-27.9%
-18.2%
-47.3%
-6.7%
-26.1%
-33.4%
-0.3%
-10.4%
-53.8%
-27.0%
-53.7%
-9.3%
-0.3%
-5.8%
-8.9%
-11.3%
-18.0%
-15.8%
-0.3%
-0.7%
-1.8%
-8.5%
–
32.4%
27.9%
-5.2%
-0.3%
–
-19.8%
-82.3%
90.7%
–
-0.3%
30.6%
0.4%
-3.9%
-0.3%
-62.1%
0.1%
-4.6%
-0.4%
-5.1%
-4.0%
11.1%
0.3%
-46.9%
-6.0%
-4.9%
-7.0%
18.7%
-4.8%
11.0%
-0.9%
2.3%
-12.2%
7.0%
-2.5%
1.6%
1.4%
-0.6%
-1.4%
-4.2%
-15.2%
-1.4%
-19.4%
2009-19
Share
2020
-4.5%
0.3%
2.3%
0.1%
-5.4%
6.1%
-5.1%
6.5%
◆
-1.7%
3.4%
0.4%
6.5%
0.2%
1.8%
0.2%
–
–
◆
-0.9%
–
–
◆
-21.9%
9.5%
0.2%
4.1%
1.0%
-0.1%
0.1%
0.5%
0.1%
-2.3%
0.3%
-4.1%
0.1%
-5.1%
0.1%
-2.9%
1.2%
-4.7%
0.1%
◆
-3.3%
-6.0%
0.1%
-1.5%
0.1%
◆
3.4%
-1.5%
1.1%
◆
-7.9%
-4.1%
0.1%
◆
-8.8%
◆
-0.2%
◆
-4.7%
3.1%
1.1%
-3.3%
0.6%
-16.0%
0.1%
-1.4%
0.7%
-2.7%
6.2%
◆
-16.4%
◆
8.0%
2.5%
1.1%
-0.8%
2.2%
–
–
6.6%
0.1%
7.8%
0.1%
0.3%
3.4%
◆
2.7%
–
–
-4.3%
0.1%
◆
–
◆
61.6%
–
–
◆
16.4%
21.9%
0.1%
◆
6.1%
-0.1%
0.3%
◆
-1.6%
◆
12.3%
9.4%
0.2%
-0.8%
2.3%
7.8%
0.2%
0.2%
2.7%
-2.9%
1.1%
11.0%
0.1%
1.5% 54.3%
-1.5%
0.1%
4.7% 11.6%
9.4%
2.2%
1.4%
3.0%
7.9%
0.8%
◆
-0.5%
10.5%
0.4%
11.2%
0.5%
◆
60.6%
1.8%
2.0%
◆
38.1%
1.0%
1.1%
1.3%
0.5%
16.0%
1.4%
6.0%
0.8%
2.3% 79.9%
0.9% 100.0%
-2.9% 18.1%
2.2% 81.9%
-3.0%
3.9%
*Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous
fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes.
†Less than 0.005.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement
or conversion of coal supply and demand data.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
49
Coal: Production by region
Coal: Consumption by region
Exajoules
Exajoules
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
CIS
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
95
00
05
10
15
20
180
180
160
160
140
140
120
120
100
100
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
00
95
05
10
15
20
0
World coal consumption fell by 4.2%, its fourth decline in six years. In the non-OECD, the only notable increases in consumption were in China (0.3%) and Malaysia
(18.7%), while significant consumption declines were recorded for India (-6.0%) and Indonesia (-4.9%). OECD demand fell sharply, led by the US (-19.1%) and South Korea
(-12.2%), to the lowest level in our data series (which goes back to 1965). Global coal production declined by -5.2%, with China providing the only significant increase
(1.2%). The largest declines in production also came from the US (-25.2%) and Indonesia (-9.0%).
Coal prices
US dollars per tonne
200
Northwest Europe marker price
US Central Appalachian coal spot price index
Japan steam spot CIF price
China Qinhuangdao spot price
150
100
50
05
50
06
07
08
09
10
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
Coal: Prices
US dollars per tonne
Northwest
Europe
marker price†
US Central
Appalachian coal
spot price index‡
Japan steam
spot CIF price†
China Qinhuangdao
spot price†
35.99
39.03
31.65
43.60
72.13
60.54
64.11
88.79
147.67
70.39
92.35
121.48
92.50
81.69
75.38
56.79
59.87
84.51
91.83
60.86
50.28
29.90
50.15
33.20
38.52
64.90
70.12
57.82
49.73
117.42
60.73
67.87
84.75
67.28
69.72
67.08
51.57
51.45
63.83
72.84
57.16
42.77
–
37.69
31.47
39.61
74.22
64.62
65.22
95.59
157.88
83.59
108.47
126.13
100.30
90.07
76.13
60.10
71.66
95.57
112.73
77.63
69.77
27.52
31.78
33.19
31.74
42.76
51.34
53.53
61.23
104.97
87.86
110.08
127.27
111.89
95.42
84.12
67.53
71.35
94.72
99.45
85.89
83.10
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
†Source: IHS Markit Northwest Europe prices for 2000 are the average of the monthly marker, 2001-2020 the average of weekly prices. IHS Markit Japan prices basis = 6,000 kilocalories per
kilogram NAR CIF. Chinese prices are the average monthly price for 2000-2005, weekly prices 2006-2020, 5,500 kilocalories per kilogram NAR, including cost and freight (CFR).
‡Source: S&P Global Platts ©2020, S&P Global Inc. Prices are for Central Appalachian 12,500 Btu, 1.2 SO2 coal, FOB. Prices for 1999-2000 are by coal price publication date, 2001-2005 by coal price
assessment date. 2006-2020 weekly CAPP 12,500 Btu, 1.6 SO2 coal, FOB.
Note: CIF = cost+insurance+freight (average prices); FOB = free on board.
Coal: Trade movements
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules
Imports
Canada
Mexico
US
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Other Asia Pacific
Total World
Exports
Canada
US
Colombia
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
South Africa
Other Africa
Australia
China
Indonesia
Mongolia
Other Asia Pacific
Rest of World
Total World
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
0.36
0.22
0.51
0.85
4.82
0.37
0.35
0.32
4.45
2.00
4.84
3.11
3.18
25.39
0.24
0.21
0.36
0.99
5.63
0.59
0.43
0.34
5.20
2.37
4.61
3.38
3.29
27.64
0.23
0.22
0.27
0.88
6.09
0.53
0.49
0.31
6.71
3.09
4.87
3.30
3.65
30.61
0.22
0.20
0.24
1.06
5.85
0.56
0.44
0.81
7.63
3.66
5.06
3.32
3.61
32.65
0.26
0.22
0.28
1.06
6.09
0.56
0.49
0.37
6.62
4.65
5.00
3.43
2.73
31.76
0.22
0.23
0.28
1.00
6.03
0.53
0.38
0.44
4.69
4.92
5.05
3.54
3.96
31.27
0.19
0.21
0.25
1.06
5.40
0.48
0.34
0.50
5.65
6.46
5.01
3.53
4.60
33.69
0.22
0.34
0.19
1.21
5.86
0.56
0.36
0.59
5.87
5.25
5.06
3.89
5.05
34.45
0.23
0.34
0.15
1.19
6.44
0.61
0.37
0.80
6.13
5.68
5.01
3.92
5.55
36.42
0.21
0.24
0.17
1.12
5.12
0.65
0.34
0.64
6.40
4.70
4.90
3.73
5.57
33.78
0.18
0.03
0.14
1.04
3.90
0.58
0.31
0.49
6.61
4.22
4.56
3.26
6.45
31.78
-14.7%
-87.1%
-15.3%
-7.4%
-24.0%
-11.0%
-9.3%
-23.0%
3.1%
-10.4%
-7.2%
-12.8%
15.6%
-6.2%
-5.3%
0.6%
3.1%
0.1%
-11.5%
0.4%
5.3%
3.3%
0.2% 12.3%
2.3%
1.8%
-1.7%
1.0%
9.2%
1.6%
6.9% 20.8%
10.1% 13.3%
1.5% 14.3%
3.3% 10.3%
7.1% 20.3%
4.0% 100.0%
0.92
2.02
1.78
0.12
2.50
0.35
1.98
0.11
7.46
0.59
6.20
0.48
0.76
0.13
25.39
1.03
2.50
2.02
0.16
2.86
0.58
2.04
0.04
7.04
0.44
7.18
0.58
1.01
0.16
27.64
0.99
3.02
2.25
0.20
3.23
0.50
2.22
0.13
7.96
0.28
8.16
0.63
0.90
0.15
30.61
1.13
2.88
2.05
0.68
3.55
0.51
2.10
0.11
9.19
0.28
8.57
0.49
0.92
0.19
32.65
1.00
2.38
2.27
0.13
3.78
0.51
2.18
0.18
9.12
0.36
8.42
0.53
0.77
0.14
31.76
0.86
1.89
2.19
0.10
4.11
0.48
2.30
0.26
9.95
0.45
7.48
0.41
0.65
0.14
31.27
0.78
1.52
2.33
0.13
4.47
0.45
2.16
2.02
9.87
0.51
7.73
0.73
0.77
0.22
33.69
0.94
2.38
2.48
0.19
5.09
0.47
2.71
0.62
9.70
0.42
8.08
0.95
0.30
0.12
34.45
1.04
2.88
2.43
0.25
5.78
0.51
3.03
0.22
9.77
0.42
8.56
0.99
0.39
0.15
36.42
1.02
2.19
2.08
0.24
5.79
0.52
1.62
0.27
9.63
0.34
8.49
1.04
0.30
0.25
33.78
0.97
1.62
1.66
0.22
5.66
0.52
1.64
0.15
9.25
0.18
8.51
0.79
0.25
0.37
31.78
-5.9%
-26.4%
-20.5%
-10.0%
-2.4%
-0.1%
0.9%
-43.3%
-4.3%
-47.7%
3.5%
3.0%
4.2%
5.1%
2.5%
5.2%
0.3%
0.7%
9.0% 17.8%
0.4%
1.6%
-1.7%
5.2%
25.4%
0.5%
3.3% 29.1%
-5.3%
0.6%
5.3% 26.8%
19.8%
2.5%
-9.6%
0.8%
5.0%
1.2%
4.0% 100.0%
◆
-24.3%
-17.0%
49.6%
-6.2%
2009-19
Share
2020
2010
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Note: Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Intra-area movements
(for example between countries in Europe) are excluded.
Coal: Inter-area movements 2020
To
Exajoules
From
Canada
US
Colombia
Europe
Russia
Other CIS
South Africa
Other Africa
Australia
China
Indonesia
Mongolia
Other Asia Pacific
Rest of World
Total imports
Canada
Mexico
US
S. &
Cent.
America
–
0.13
0.03
†
0.01
–
–
–
–
†
–
–
†
†
0.18
–
0.02
0.01
†
†
–
–
–
–
†
–
–
†
†
0.03
0.01
–
0.09
†
0.01
–
0.01
†
–
†
0.01
–
†
†
0.14
0.04
0.26
0.46
0.01
0.09
–
0.01
0.01
0.15
0.01
–
–
†
†
1.04
Europe
CIS
Middle
East
Africa
China
India
Japan
South
Korea
Other
Asia
Pacific
Total
0.10
0.60
0.67
–
1.96
0.10
0.08
0.02
0.33
†
0.01
†
0.01
0.02
3.90
†
†
†
0.07
0.10
0.41
–
–
†
†
–
–
†
†
0.58
–
†
0.11
†
0.09
†
0.07
†
0.01
†
0.01
–
0.01
–
0.31
†
0.07
0.01
0.02
0.23
†
0.12
0.02
0.02
†
†
–
†
†
0.49
0.14
0.03
0.05
0.01
1.00
0.01
†
†
2.10
–
2.34
0.79
0.15
†
6.61
0.06
0.14
0.07
0.08
0.16
–
0.62
0.07
0.87
0.01
2.04
–
0.12
0.02
4.22
0.23
0.25
0.02
†
0.58
†
†
†
2.73
0.03
0.69
–
0.02
†
4.56
0.31
0.10
0.13
†
0.71
–
0.04
0.02
1.24
0.04
0.64
†
0.01
†
3.26
0.07
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.73
†
0.69
†
1.79
0.08
2.78
–
0.26
†
6.45
0.97
1.62
1.66
0.22
5.66
0.52
1.64
0.15
9.25
0.18
8.51
0.79
0.58
0.04
31.78
†Less than 0.005.
Note: Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Intra-area movements
(for example, between countries in Europe) are excluded.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
51
Nuclear energy
Consumption*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules (input-equivalent)
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
0.85
0.06
7.97
8.87
0.07
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.20
–
0.45
0.26
0.22
4.02
1.32
–
0.15
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.11
0.58
0.54
0.25
–
0.84
0.58
0.33
9.69
–
–
–
1.60
–
–
0.02
1.62
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.13
–
0.13
–
–
0.70
–
0.22
–
2.74
–
–
0.02
–
–
1.39
–
0.39
–
–
–
5.47
25.99
21.61
4.38
8.02
0.87
0.09
7.76
8.72
0.06
0.15
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.21
–
0.45
0.26
0.22
4.13
1.01
–
0.15
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.11
0.54
0.56
0.25
–
0.84
0.64
0.35
9.55
–
–
–
1.61
–
–
0.02
1.64
†
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
^
–
–
–
0.12
–
0.12
–
–
0.81
–
0.30
–
1.52
–
–
0.04
–
–
1.44
–
0.39
–
–
–
4.51
24.75
20.14
4.61
7.82
0.87
0.08
7.51
8.46
0.06
0.15
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.21
–
0.37
0.28
0.22
3.94
0.92
–
0.15
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.11
0.57
0.59
0.24
–
0.84
0.65
0.34
9.26
–
–
–
1.65
–
–
0.02
1.67
0.01
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.01
–
–
–
0.12
–
0.12
–
–
0.91
–
0.31
–
0.17
–
–
0.03
–
–
1.39
–
0.37
–
–
–
3.18
22.91
18.19
4.72
7.53
0.95
0.11
7.66
8.71
0.06
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.20
–
0.39
0.28
0.22
3.91
0.90
–
0.14
–
0.03
–
–
–
0.11
0.52
0.61
0.24
–
0.77
0.65
0.32
9.09
–
–
–
1.59
–
–
0.02
1.61
0.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.13
–
0.13
–
–
1.03
–
0.31
–
0.13
–
–
0.04
–
–
1.28
–
0.38
–
–
–
3.17
22.95
18.21
4.74
7.43
0.98
0.09
7.69
8.75
0.05
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.19
–
0.31
0.28
0.22
4.00
0.89
–
0.14
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.11
0.53
0.59
0.25
–
0.81
0.58
0.35
9.09
–
–
–
1.66
–
–
0.02
1.68
0.04
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.13
–
0.13
–
–
1.22
–
0.32
–
–
–
–
0.04
–
–
1.43
–
0.39
–
–
–
3.40
23.28
18.22
5.07
7.45
0.92
0.11
7.64
8.67
0.06
0.13
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.20
–
0.24
0.24
0.21
3.98
0.84
–
0.14
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.11
0.52
0.51
0.21
–
0.80
0.64
0.33
8.82
–
–
–
1.78
–
–
0.03
1.81
0.03
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.03
–
–
–
0.11
–
0.11
–
–
1.56
–
0.35
–
0.04
–
–
0.04
–
–
1.50
–
0.33
–
–
–
3.82
23.46
17.98
5.47
7.17
0.91
0.10
7.68
8.69
0.08
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.22
–
0.39
0.22
0.21
3.65
0.77
–
0.15
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.10
0.53
0.57
0.19
–
0.73
0.65
0.33
8.53
–
–
–
1.78
–
–
0.02
1.80
0.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.06
–
–
–
0.14
–
0.14
–
–
1.93
–
0.34
–
0.16
–
–
0.05
–
–
1.47
–
0.29
–
–
–
4.23
23.66
17.86
5.80
6.95
0.91
0.10
7.63
8.63
0.05
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.20
–
0.38
0.26
0.20
3.59
0.69
–
0.14
–
0.03
–
–
–
0.10
0.52
0.59
0.18
–
0.77
0.63
0.33
8.43
–
–
–
1.83
–
–
0.02
1.85
0.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.06
–
–
–
0.13
–
0.13
–
–
2.23
–
0.34
–
0.26
–
–
0.07
–
–
1.34
–
0.20
–
–
–
4.44
23.74
17.64
6.10
6.84
0.90
0.09
7.60
8.58
0.06
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.20
–
0.26
0.27
0.21
3.69
0.68
–
0.14
–
0.03
–
–
–
0.10
0.50
0.61
0.22
–
0.76
0.58
0.33
8.38
–
–
–
1.83
–
–
0.02
1.85
0.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.06
–
–
–
0.10
–
0.10
–
–
2.64
–
0.35
–
0.44
–
–
0.08
–
–
1.19
–
0.25
–
–
–
4.95
24.13
17.59
6.54
6.82
0.90
0.10
7.60
8.59
0.08
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.22
–
0.39
0.27
0.22
3.56
0.67
–
0.15
–
0.03
–
–
–
0.10
0.52
0.59
0.23
–
0.74
0.50
0.34
8.29
–
–
–
1.86
–
–
0.02
1.88
0.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.06
–
–
–
0.12
–
0.12
–
–
3.11
–
0.40
–
0.59
–
–
0.08
–
–
1.30
–
0.29
–
–
–
5.77
24.93
17.78
7.15
6.82
0.87
0.10
7.39
8.35
0.09
0.14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.23
–
0.31
0.27
0.21
3.14
0.57
–
0.14
–
0.04
–
–
–
0.10
0.52
0.48
0.20
–
0.68
0.45
0.34
7.44
–
–
–
1.92
–
–
0.02
1.94
0.06
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.01
–
0.07
–
–
–
0.14
–
0.14
–
–
3.25
–
0.40
–
0.38
–
–
0.08
–
–
1.42
–
0.28
–
–
–
5.82
23.98
16.67
7.31
6.11
-3.6%
-0.8%
-3.0%
-3.1%
25.5%
-5.8%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.0%
–
-21.6%
-1.3%
-3.1%
-11.9%
-14.8%
–
-2.1%
–
3.8%
–
–
–
1.0%
-0.8%
-19.1%
-9.6%
–
-8.8%
-11.1%
0.6%
-10.5%
–
–
–
2.7%
–
–
-5.1%
2.6%
-1.9%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.2%
–
–
–
13.7%
–
13.7%
–
–
4.3%
–
-1.8%
–
-34.9%
–
–
1.1%
–
–
9.1%
–
-3.4%
–
–
–
0.6%
-4.1%
-6.5%
2.0%
-10.7%
0.6%
0.3%
-0.4%
-0.3%
-0.3%
1.6%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.9%
–
-1.4%
0.5%
-0.4%
-0.8%
-6.2%
–
◆
–
-1.4%
–
–
–
-1.0%
0.4%
1.8%
-1.4%
–
-0.6%
-2.6%
-2.5%
-1.3%
–
–
–
1.9%
–
–
-1.8%
1.8%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
n/a
–
–
–
◆
–
◆
–
–
16.7%
–
9.7%
–
-13.8%
–
–
13.0%
–
–
-0.7%
–
-3.0%
–
–
–
1.0%
-0.2%
-1.8%
5.6%
-1.3%
Share
2020
3.6%
0.4%
30.8%
34.8%
0.4%
0.6%
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.0%
–
1.3%
1.1%
0.9%
13.1%
2.4%
–
0.6%
–
0.2%
–
–
–
0.4%
2.2%
2.0%
0.9%
–
2.8%
1.9%
1.4%
31.0%
–
–
–
8.0%
–
–
0.1%
8.1%
0.2%
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.1%
–
0.3%
–
–
–
0.6%
–
0.6%
–
–
13.6%
–
1.7%
–
1.6%
–
–
0.3%
–
–
5.9%
–
1.2%
–
–
–
24.3%
100.0%
69.5%
30.5%
25.5%
*Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. ’Input-equivalent’ energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the
reported electricity output. Details on thermal efficiency assumptions are available in the appendices and definitions page and at bp.com/statisticalreview.
†Less than 0.005.
◆Less than 0.05%.
Notes: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
Nuclear data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
52
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Hydroelectricity
Consumption*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules (input-equivalent)
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
3.30
0.35
2.41
6.06
0.38
3.79
0.20
0.38
0.08
0.19
–
0.72
0.84
6.58
0.36
†
0.03
0.12
0.59
0.20
0.07
†
0.48
†
1.10
0.03
0.15
0.19
0.39
0.62
0.34
0.49
0.12
0.03
0.79
6.10
0.03
†
0.08
1.56
†
0.08
0.29
2.04
0.10
0.03
†
–
–
–
–
–
0.03
0.16
†
0.12
0.03
0.01
0.84
1.01
0.13
0.01
6.68
–
1.02
0.16
0.83
0.06
0.23
0.28
0.07
–
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.27
0.38
10.30
32.25
13.13
19.12
3.50
3.51
0.34
2.95
6.79
0.37
4.00
0.19
0.45
0.10
0.20
–
0.78
0.85
6.94
0.32
†
0.02
0.12
0.42
0.16
0.04
†
0.43
†
1.12
0.02
0.11
0.14
0.29
0.63
0.30
0.49
0.10
0.05
0.56
5.31
0.02
†
0.07
1.52
†
0.05
0.31
1.98
0.10
0.03
†
–
–
–
–
–
0.04
0.17
†
0.12
0.02
0.03
0.86
1.03
0.18
0.01
6.42
–
1.23
0.12
0.77
0.08
0.23
0.29
0.09
–
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.07
0.38
0.44
10.43
32.66
13.40
19.26
2.87
3.53
0.30
2.54
6.36
0.34
3.85
0.19
0.44
0.11
0.20
–
0.76
0.88
6.77
0.41
†
0.02
0.16
0.55
0.20
0.04
†
0.39
†
1.31
0.02
0.05
0.11
0.19
0.73
0.36
0.54
0.10
0.05
0.58
5.80
0.02
†
0.07
1.52
†
0.06
0.31
1.98
0.12
0.04
†
–
–
–
–
–
0.04
0.20
†
0.12
0.02
0.01
0.88
1.03
0.16
0.01
8.00
–
1.07
0.12
0.71
0.09
0.21
0.10
0.10
–
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.49
0.44
11.70
33.84
13.37
20.48
3.07
3.61
0.26
2.46
6.33
0.38
3.60
0.18
0.41
0.10
0.21
–
0.77
0.90
6.54
0.39
†
0.03
0.12
0.65
0.21
0.06
†
0.49
†
1.18
0.02
0.13
0.14
0.34
0.57
0.35
0.55
0.13
0.04
0.71
6.10
0.01
†
0.07
1.67
†
0.06
0.30
2.11
0.13
0.04
†
–
–
–
–
–
0.04
0.22
†
0.12
0.03
0.01
0.93
1.08
0.18
0.01
8.38
–
1.22
0.16
0.73
0.11
0.21
0.29
0.09
–
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.53
0.49
12.60
34.99
13.45
21.54
3.38
3.50
0.36
2.34
6.20
0.37
3.42
0.21
0.41
0.10
0.20
–
0.72
0.84
6.29
0.38
†
0.02
0.12
0.58
0.18
0.04
†
0.54
†
1.24
0.02
0.14
0.17
0.36
0.58
0.35
0.37
0.08
0.05
0.68
5.90
0.01
†
0.08
1.59
†
0.06
0.29
2.03
0.13
0.03
†
–
–
–
–
–
0.02
0.18
†
0.12
0.02
0.02
0.98
1.13
0.13
0.01
9.71
–
1.27
0.14
0.75
0.12
0.22
0.30
0.08
–
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.57
0.49
13.94
35.68
13.17
22.50
3.38
3.48
0.28
2.24
6.01
0.38
3.28
0.22
0.41
0.12
0.22
–
0.67
0.83
6.12
0.34
†
0.02
0.15
0.50
0.17
0.06
†
0.40
†
1.25
0.02
0.08
0.15
0.26
0.69
0.35
0.61
0.05
0.06
0.65
5.79
0.01
†
0.08
1.53
†
0.05
0.28
1.96
0.12
0.02
†
–
–
–
–
–
0.01
0.15
†
0.12
0.02
0.01
0.95
1.09
0.13
0.01
10.15
–
1.21
0.13
0.78
0.13
0.22
0.30
0.08
–
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.52
0.45
14.26
35.38
12.95
22.43
3.04
3.49
0.28
2.39
6.16
0.35
3.45
0.18
0.42
0.14
0.22
–
0.56
0.90
6.21
0.36
†
0.02
0.14
0.54
0.19
0.05
†
0.37
†
1.29
0.02
0.14
0.16
0.33
0.56
0.31
0.61
0.07
0.05
0.67
5.89
0.02
†
0.11
1.67
†
0.07
0.28
2.14
0.14
0.03
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.01
0.18
†
0.12
0.01
0.01
0.92
1.06
0.16
0.01
10.44
–
1.16
0.17
0.72
0.18
0.23
0.31
0.07
–
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.60
0.53
14.74
36.38
13.12
23.26
3.10
3.55
0.29
2.67
6.51
0.37
3.34
0.19
0.52
0.18
0.26
–
0.53
0.91
6.30
0.34
†
0.02
0.13
0.44
0.18
0.04
†
0.31
†
1.28
0.02
0.05
0.13
0.16
0.58
0.31
0.52
0.08
0.05
0.59
5.26
0.02
†
0.10
1.67
†
0.08
0.31
2.17
0.16
0.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.01
0.19
†
0.12
0.01
0.02
0.99
1.13
0.12
0.01
10.49
–
1.22
0.17
0.71
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.09
–
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.80
0.55
15.04
36.60
13.01
23.59
2.62
3.45
0.29
2.59
6.33
0.37
3.48
0.21
0.51
0.19
0.28
–
0.51
0.89
6.43
0.34
†
0.01
0.12
0.57
0.16
0.05
†
0.44
†
1.24
0.02
0.11
0.16
0.31
0.56
0.31
0.54
0.09
0.05
0.71
5.79
0.02
†
0.09
1.71
†
0.05
0.32
2.19
0.10
0.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.01
0.13
†
0.11
0.02
0.01
1.05
1.19
0.16
0.01
10.73
–
1.25
0.15
0.73
0.24
0.24
0.26
0.08
–
0.03
0.06
0.04
0.07
0.76
0.53
15.32
37.37
13.25
24.12
3.07
3.38
0.21
2.54
6.14
0.33
3.55
0.19
0.48
0.22
0.28
–
0.43
0.76
6.25
0.36
†
0.02
0.11
0.50
0.18
0.04
†
0.41
†
1.12
0.02
0.08
0.14
0.20
0.58
0.34
0.79
0.06
0.05
0.60
5.60
0.01
†
0.09
1.73
†
0.06
0.32
2.21
0.26
0.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.02
0.30
†
0.12
0.01
0.01
1.08
1.22
0.13
0.01
11.34
–
1.44
0.15
0.66
0.23
0.23
0.32
0.07
–
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.60
0.61
15.97
37.69
12.87
24.81
2.83
3.42
0.24
2.56
6.22
0.27
3.52
0.18
0.39
0.22
0.27
–
0.28
0.72
5.87
0.36
†
0.02
0.14
0.54
0.17
0.03
†
0.41
†
1.25
0.02
0.11
0.13
0.24
0.65
0.33
0.69
0.06
0.06
0.59
5.82
0.01
†
0.09
1.89
†
0.06
0.31
2.36
0.19
0.02
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.02
0.23
†
0.12
0.01
†
1.13
1.27
0.13
0.01
11.74
–
1.45
0.17
0.69
0.18
0.22
0.36
0.06
–
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.61
0.64
16.41
38.16
13.14
25.02
3.04
0.7%
12.9%
0.5%
1.0%
-18.1%
-0.9%
-4.3%
-19.3%
-0.2%
-3.7%
–
-35.4%
-5.3%
-6.4%
0.6%
-7.2%
6.0%
26.7%
8.7%
-8.3%
-14.1%
10.7%
0.1%
-37.9%
11.9%
7.5%
40.2%
-3.8%
21.5%
11.8%
-0.5%
-12.7%
-4.2%
8.5%
-3.6%
3.7%
-32.2%
-0.3%
-1.8%
-0.1%
-0.3%
-1.5%
-0.4%
-2.2%
2.3%
9.7%
4.1%
–
-6.1%
-0.5%
-0.5%
-0.7%
-1.4%
-2.5%
-0.8%
-0.7%
◆
-2.6%
8.6%
-0.6%
4.4%
-2.3%
6.2%
-27.4%
-1.3%
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.1%
-23.8%
-67.3%
-1.2%
-9.7%
-49.1%
4.4%
3.2%
2.3%
-15.4%
3.2%
–
0.4%
16.8%
4.6%
-21.7%
-5.9%
10.3%
-11.0%
–
38.2%
2.1%
-45.8%
-28.5%
1.2%
3.7%
2.5%
1.0%
1.8%
0.6%
7.2%
◆
-3.5%
-1.0%
-1.2%
-3.2%
-0.6%
-2.5%
◆
-0.5%
-2.1%
-0.6%
-0.1%
8.8%
-6.4%
0.7%
-0.9%
◆
-4.4%
22.1%
3.2%
0.5%
-0.6%
-0.6%
1.7%
0.7%
15.1%
-1.9%
-100.0%
–
–
–
–
–
-4.3%
10.0%
-8.3%
-1.0%
-7.4%
-4.5%
3.5%
2.6%
0.5%
6.4%
6.9%
–
3.7%
3.2%
-0.1%
13.4%
◆
1.8%
-2.5%
–
-0.7%
1.6%
3.4%
-1.6%
7.9%
6.7%
5.7%
2.1%
◆
3.3%
-1.0%
Share
2020
9.0%
0.6%
6.7%
16.3%
0.7%
9.2%
0.5%
1.0%
0.6%
0.7%
–
0.7%
1.9%
15.4%
1.0%
◆
◆
0.4%
1.4%
0.4%
0.1%
◆
1.1%
◆
3.3%
–
0.3%
0.4%
0.6%
1.7%
0.9%
1.8%
0.1%
0.2%
1.5%
15.3%
◆
◆
0.2%
4.9%
◆
0.2%
0.8%
6.2%
0.5%
0.1%
–
–
–
–
–
–
◆
0.6%
◆
0.3%
◆
◆
3.0%
3.3%
0.3%
◆
30.8%
–
3.8%
0.5%
1.8%
0.5%
0.6%
0.9%
0.2%
–
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
1.6%
1.7%
43.0%
100.0%
34.4%
65.6%
8.0%
*Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. ‘Input-equivalent’ energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the
reported electricity output. Details on thermal efficiency assumptions are available in the appendices and definitions page and at bp.com/statisticalreview.
†Less than 0.005.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Notes: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
Hydroelectricity data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
53
Nuclear energy consumption by region
Hydroelectricity consumption by region
Exajoules
Exajoules
Rest of world
Asia Pacific
CIS
30
Europe
North America
40
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
CIS
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
25
35
30
20
25
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
95
00
05
10
15
20
0
95
00
05
10
15
20
0
Nuclear consumption fell by 4.1% (on an input-equivalent basis), its sharpest decline since the Fukushima-related decline in 2011 and 2012. COVID-19 and the associated
economic shock drove power generation lower, and nuclear generation fell the most in France (-0.4 EJ) and the US (-0.2 EJ).
Hydroelectric consumption rose by 1%, below the 10-year average of 2.1%. Growth was led by China (0.4 EJ) and Russia (0.2 EJ), while hydro consumption fell across the
South & Central America region.
Renewables consumption by region
Renewables generation by source
Exajoules
Terawatt-hours
35
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
CIS
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
3500
Solar
Wind
Other
30
3000
25
2500
20
2000
15
1500
10
1000
5
500
0
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
Renewable energy consumption (including biofuels but excluding hydro) grew by 2.9 EJ. The annual growth rate of 9.7% was below the historical 10-year average but the
absolute increase in energy terms was roughly in-line with the last 4 years and the largest for any fuel in 2020. By country, China was by far the largest contributor to
renewables growth (1.0 EJ), followed by the US (0.4 EJ), then Japan, the United Kingdom, India and Germany (all 0.1 EJ).
Wind provided the largest contribution to the growth of renewables electricity generation (173 TWh) followed closely by solar (148 TWh). The share of solar in the power
generation mix has continually increased over the last 10 years and solar now comprises 27% of renewable generation, albeit just 3.2% of total power generation.
54
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
0
Renewable energy
Renewables consumption*
Growth rate per annum
Exajoules (input-equivalent)
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
0.22
0.09
2.70
3.00
0.04
0.89
0.04
0.03
†
0.01
†
†
0.10
1.12
0.08
0.07
0.04
0.11
0.24
0.90
0.03
0.03
0.30
0.11
0.02
0.10
0.13
0.01
0.57
0.17
0.01
0.04
†
0.26
0.24
3.48
†
†
–
0.01
†
–
†
0.01
†
–
†
–
–
–
†
†
†
†
†
0.01
0.01
†
0.04
0.06
0.09
†
0.77
†
0.36
0.10
0.29
0.01
0.08
†
0.10
0.01
0.06
†
0.03
0.06
†
†
1.95
9.63
7.04
2.59
3.11
0.26
0.09
3.03
3.38
0.05
0.85
0.04
0.04
†
0.02
†
†
0.11
1.11
0.08
0.09
0.06
0.12
0.28
1.11
0.04
0.03
0.40
0.13
0.02
0.13
0.13
0.02
0.59
0.19
0.02
0.05
†
0.32
0.29
4.11
–
†
†
0.01
†
–
†
0.01
†
–
†
–
–
†
†
†
†
0.01
†
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.07
0.11
†
1.05
†
0.44
0.10
0.30
0.02
0.08
†
0.10
0.01
0.08
†
0.03
0.07
†
†
2.40
11.08
8.11
2.97
3.65
0.29
0.10
3.27
3.66
0.07
0.87
0.06
0.04
†
0.02
†
†
0.12
1.19
0.09
0.11
0.07
0.12
0.34
1.25
0.06
0.03
0.53
0.13
0.02
0.17
0.14
0.03
0.70
0.21
0.02
0.07
0.01
0.37
0.33
4.79
–
†
†
†
†
–
†
0.01
†
–
†
–
–
†
†
†
†
0.01
†
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.07
0.13
†
1.36
†
0.50
0.11
0.33
0.02
0.08
†
0.11
0.01
0.09
†
0.04
0.09
†
†
2.88
12.60
9.12
3.48
4.25
0.30
0.11
3.70
4.10
0.07
1.02
0.07
0.04
†
0.03
†
†
0.14
1.37
0.10
0.12
0.07
0.13
0.37
1.30
0.08
0.03
0.60
0.13
0.03
0.17
0.16
0.05
0.72
0.22
0.02
0.11
0.01
0.49
0.36
5.26
†
†
†
†
†
–
†
0.01
†
†
0.01
†
†
†
†
†
†
0.01
†
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.08
0.16
†
1.81
†
0.56
0.12
0.39
0.02
0.09
†
0.11
0.01
0.12
†
0.04
0.12
†
†
3.55
14.38
10.12
4.26
4.55
0.31
0.13
3.98
4.42
0.08
1.19
0.06
0.04
†
0.03
†
†
0.16
1.57
0.11
0.13
0.08
0.14
0.41
1.43
0.08
0.03
0.61
0.12
0.03
0.19
0.16
0.07
0.69
0.24
0.02
0.12
0.02
0.59
0.39
5.64
†
†
†
0.01
†
–
†
0.01
†
†
0.01
†
†
†
†
†
†
0.02
†
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.18
†
2.23
†
0.63
0.16
0.49
0.02
0.09
0.01
0.11
0.01
0.15
†
0.04
0.15
†
†
4.28
16.04
10.96
5.08
4.81
0.44
0.16
4.19
4.78
0.08
1.41
0.08
0.05
0.01
0.03
†
†
0.20
1.86
0.12
0.14
0.08
0.14
0.46
1.66
0.09
0.03
0.63
0.14
0.03
0.22
0.16
0.09
0.67
0.29
0.03
0.15
0.02
0.74
0.43
6.32
†
†
†
0.01
†
–
†
0.01
†
†
0.01
†
†
†
†
†
†
0.02
†
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.08
0.18
0.21
†
2.64
†
0.65
0.13
0.64
0.03
0.10
0.01
0.13
0.01
0.18
†
0.04
0.16
†
0.01
4.92
18.10
12.20
5.90
5.30
0.49
0.17
4.74
5.41
0.08
1.46
0.11
0.05
0.01
0.03
†
†
0.23
1.96
0.12
0.14
0.08
0.14
0.47
1.64
0.09
0.03
0.65
0.15
0.04
0.21
0.16
0.09
0.66
0.30
0.03
0.21
0.02
0.74
0.43
6.41
†
†
†
0.01
†
†
†
0.02
†
†
0.02
†
†
†
†
†
0.01
0.03
†
0.02
0.03
0.07
0.08
0.22
0.23
†
3.44
†
0.79
0.20
0.67
0.03
0.10
0.02
0.14
0.01
0.19
†
0.04
0.18
†
0.01
6.06
20.11
13.01
7.10
5.33
0.46
0.19
5.17
5.82
0.09
1.59
0.13
0.05
0.01
0.03
†
†
0.24
2.15
0.13
0.16
0.08
0.17
0.52
1.88
0.10
0.04
0.67
0.18
0.05
0.22
0.16
0.10
0.68
0.33
0.04
0.27
0.02
0.88
0.49
7.14
†
†
†
0.01
†
†
†
0.02
†
†
0.02
†
†
†
†
0.01
0.01
0.05
†
0.02
0.03
0.10
0.09
0.25
0.24
†
4.61
†
0.95
0.21
0.80
0.03
0.10
0.04
0.14
0.01
0.24
0.01
0.05
0.21
†
0.01
7.63
23.06
14.35
8.70
5.84
0.51
0.24
5.44
6.19
0.08
1.80
0.16
0.05
0.01
0.04
†
†
0.27
2.41
0.13
0.17
0.08
0.18
0.56
1.97
0.10
0.04
0.64
0.19
0.05
0.21
0.16
0.09
0.69
0.32
0.04
0.34
0.02
0.99
0.51
7.52
†
†
†
0.02
†
†
†
0.03
0.01
†
0.02
†
†
†
†
0.01
0.02
0.07
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.11
0.10
0.28
0.29
†
5.81
†
1.18
0.26
0.90
0.04
0.10
0.05
0.15
0.01
0.27
0.01
0.06
0.24
†
0.01
9.38
25.88
15.31
10.57
6.00
0.51
0.30
5.71
6.52
0.12
1.99
0.18
0.06
0.01
0.04
†
†
0.29
2.69
0.15
0.19
0.09
0.19
0.63
2.10
0.12
0.05
0.65
0.23
0.07
0.25
0.18
0.10
0.73
0.36
0.04
0.39
0.05
1.09
0.58
8.24
†
†
0.01
0.02
†
†
†
0.04
0.01
†
0.03
†
†
†
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.12
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.11
0.11
0.34
0.37
†
6.75
†
1.33
0.35
1.01
0.04
0.10
0.05
0.15
0.01
0.30
0.01
0.07
0.28
0.04
0.01
10.87
28.82
16.56
12.26
6.51
2020
2020
0.54
4.1%
0.36
19.9%
6.15
7.4%
7.04
7.7%
0.13
10.0%
2.01
0.7%
0.21
12.9%
0.05
-6.6%
0.01
9.4%
0.05
7.0%
†
-0.6%
†
-0.6%
0.29
0.3%
2.75
1.9%
0.14
-4.0%
0.23
21.7%
0.09
1.1%
0.19
0.2%
0.68
7.5%
2.21
4.7%
0.14
18.6%
0.06
17.5%
0.67
2.6%
0.33
39.1%
0.11
52.0%
0.27
6.0%
0.17
-3.8%
0.10
0.7%
0.77
4.8%
0.41
14.0%
0.05
10.0%
0.45
13.4%
0.09
75.9%
1.20
9.9%
0.60
3.6%
8.94
8.2%
†
-3.5%
†
4.2%
0.03 234.3%
0.04
71.3%
†
-0.6%
†
-0.6%
†
-2.5%
0.08
96.9%
0.01
3.4%
†
-0.6%
0.05
70.1%
†
-0.6%
† 1136.7%
†
-0.6%
0.01
-0.6%
0.05
32.3%
0.04
22.7%
0.17
34.2%
0.01
-3.3%
0.09
48.8%
0.06
10.3%
0.11
4.1%
0.11
-2.3%
0.38
10.4%
0.45
19.9%
†
17.1%
7.79
15.1%
†
44.5%
1.43
7.6%
0.37
6.3%
1.13
11.9%
0.04
5.4%
0.10
0.3%
0.04
-7.0%
0.15
-0.5%
0.01
1.4%
0.36
18.5%
0.01
42.1%
0.09
29.4%
0.28
-3.3%
0.08 128.1%
0.02
12.4%
12.36
13.4%
31.71
9.7%
18.04
8.6%
13.67
11.2%
6.97
6.7%
2009-19
Share
2020
11.0%
1.7%
13.8%
1.1%
9.3% 19.4%
9.6% 22.2%
22.0%
0.4%
10.0%
6.3%
18.9%
0.7%
9.0%
0.2%
◆
13.2%
14.4%
0.1%
◆
-15.1%
◆
–
12.8%
0.9%
11.1%
8.7%
6.0%
0.4%
13.5%
0.7%
11.3%
0.3%
7.7%
0.6%
11.1%
2.1%
9.7%
7.0%
14.6%
0.4%
4.1%
0.2%
10.7%
2.1%
7.1%
1.0%
16.9%
0.4%
11.4%
0.8%
5.5%
0.5%
30.4%
0.3%
4.7%
2.4%
9.6%
1.3%
13.6%
0.2%
34.1%
1.4%
40.3%
0.3%
16.8%
3.8%
11.1%
1.9%
10.6% 28.2%
◆
60.2%
◆
12.2%
–
0.1%
16.6%
0.1%
◆
–
◆
–
◆
41.7%
20.5%
0.2%
◆
14.5%
◆
–
39.4%
0.2%
◆
–
◆
–
◆
–
◆
109.2%
90.2%
0.2%
71.8%
0.1%
43.0%
0.5%
◆
–
19.4%
0.3%
31.2%
0.2%
34.1%
0.4%
13.6%
0.3%
21.0%
1.2%
17.2%
1.4%
◆
26.9%
28.9% 24.6%
◆
56.1%
16.2%
4.5%
13.7%
1.2%
14.8%
3.6%
12.3%
0.1%
4.1%
0.3%
98.6%
0.1%
3.3%
0.5%
◆
5.5%
27.0%
1.1%
◆
36.5%
10.5%
0.3%
18.7%
0.9%
48.7%
0.3%
◆
26.8%
21.5% 39.0%
13.4% 100.0%
10.5% 56.9%
19.4% 43.1%
9.3% 22.0%
*Includes renewable power (apart from hydro, which is reported separately) and biofuels.
Consumption of renewable power is based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. “Input-equivalent” energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by
thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. Details on thermal efficiency assumptions are available in the appendices and definitions page and at bp.com/statisticalreview.
†Less than 0.005.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Notes: Annual changes and share of total are calculated using exajoules figures and incorporate adjustments for assumed changes in thermal efficiency.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
Other renewables data expressed in terawatt-hours is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
55
Renewables: Renewable power generation*
Growth rate per annum
Terawatt-hours
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
19.3
8.7
173.7
201.7
2.0
34.1
3.7
1.1
0.2
0.7
†
†
9.0
50.9
6.6
6.2
3.1
11.3
15.5
84.2
3.1
2.8
25.8
11.1
1.2
8.0
12.2
0.4
54.6
15.7
1.4
3.9
0.2
22.6
23.6
313.6
†
0.1
–
0.5
†
–
†
0.6
0.2
–
0.1
–
–
–
†
†
†
0.4
†
1.4
0.7
0.5
3.8
6.3
8.4
0.1
75.0
†
33.9
9.4
29.7
1.3
8.1
†
10.0
0.6
4.5
0.1
2.9
3.4
0.1
0.2
187.6
761.2
569.3
191.9
279.7
21.0
9.1
201.9
231.9
2.2
35.3
4.7
1.4
0.3
0.7
†
†
9.4
54.0
6.6
8.2
5.2
11.7
19.6
106.4
4.1
2.5
37.1
12.3
1.6
10.8
12.6
1.6
55.6
17.6
1.6
5.8
0.3
29.5
28.8
379.5
–
0.1
†
0.6
†
–
†
0.7
0.2
–
0.3
–
–
0.1
†
†
†
0.7
†
1.7
0.7
0.5
3.9
6.9
11.1
0.1
104.3
†
41.9
9.5
31.0
1.5
8.8
†
10.1
0.6
7.6
0.1
3.4
4.1
0.1
0.2
234.5
908.2
672.8
235.4
336.0
23.1
10.5
228.3
261.9
2.8
40.8
6.4
1.5
0.3
0.7
†
†
11.5
64.1
7.4
10.1
6.0
11.6
25.5
121.3
5.7
2.4
50.3
12.4
1.9
14.8
13.8
2.9
66.4
19.4
1.9
7.4
0.8
35.9
32.0
449.9
–
0.1
†
0.5
†
–
†
0.6
0.2
–
0.5
–
–
0.1
†
†
†
0.9
†
1.8
0.7
0.5
4.5
7.6
13.2
0.1
136.8
†
49.5
9.6
34.2
1.5
9.0
0.1
10.5
0.6
8.6
0.2
3.4
5.2
0.1
0.2
282.9
1067.9
778.7
289.2
396.7
23.7
11.6
266.2
301.5
2.9
47.6
7.4
1.4
0.4
1.2
†
†
13.0
73.8
8.4
11.3
6.5
12.7
28.6
129.3
8.0
2.6
59.2
12.1
2.3
14.6
15.7
5.2
74.2
21.3
2.2
9.8
1.3
48.5
35.3
509.2
0.1
0.1
†
0.5
†
–
†
0.7
0.2
†
0.5
†
†
0.1
†
0.1
†
1.1
†
1.6
1.2
0.8
5.2
8.8
16.4
0.1
183.8
†
55.9
9.5
41.2
1.2
9.2
0.3
9.9
0.7
10.2
0.3
3.8
7.2
0.1
0.3
350.4
1245.5
886.7
358.8
439.7
24.7
13.8
296.8
335.3
2.9
59.3
6.9
1.8
0.5
1.7
†
†
15.4
88.6
9.0
12.0
7.3
12.8
31.5
142.9
7.7
2.8
62.1
11.6
2.5
17.7
16.0
6.5
71.1
22.0
2.6
12.0
1.7
58.6
39.3
549.7
0.1
0.1
†
0.8
†
–
†
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.9
†
†
0.1
†
0.3
0.1
1.8
0.1
1.2
1.9
2.6
6.7
12.5
18.3
0.2
229.5
†
63.0
10.2
52.2
0.9
10.2
0.6
10.7
0.8
14.7
0.3
3.9
9.0
0.1
0.4
425.2
1414.0
977.4
436.6
466.8
39.8
16.6
315.8
372.2
3.0
71.6
9.0
1.9
0.5
1.7
†
†
19.4
107.1
10.3
14.2
7.6
13.7
37.5
169.8
8.8
3.0
63.4
13.6
2.8
20.7
15.7
9.6
68.9
27.1
2.8
16.5
1.7
77.1
42.9
627.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
1.0
†
–
†
1.4
0.3
0.1
1.3
†
†
0.1
†
0.3
0.3
2.4
0.1
1.9
2.5
6.2
8.9
19.7
21.7
0.2
279.1
0.1
65.1
10.3
68.2
1.0
11.0
1.0
12.3
0.9
17.3
0.4
4.3
10.0
0.3
0.6
504.0
1634.4
1113.9
520.5
521.3
46.3
18.1
367.4
431.9
2.5
84.9
11.7
2.0
0.6
1.9
†
†
22.7
126.4
11.0
14.0
7.4
14.5
39.1
169.1
9.4
3.0
65.6
14.6
2.4
20.7
16.5
8.9
68.2
27.1
3.2
23.0
1.6
77.6
43.2
640.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
1.1
†
†
†
1.8
0.3
0.1
1.8
†
†
0.1
†
0.3
1.1
3.8
0.3
2.6
3.4
7.9
9.4
23.6
24.1
0.2
369.5
0.1
79.8
11.0
72.3
1.1
11.0
2.3
13.9
0.9
18.9
0.5
4.5
12.5
0.3
0.7
623.6
1851.3
1197.9
653.4
527.0
41.6
19.9
417.7
479.3
3.0
96.1
15.0
2.0
0.5
1.8
†
†
24.1
142.6
12.8
15.6
7.7
16.7
44.0
196.2
9.8
3.3
67.7
17.4
3.1
21.6
16.7
9.8
69.5
29.9
3.7
29.0
1.9
93.0
50.4
719.7
0.1
0.3
0.4
1.2
†
†
†
2.1
0.4
0.1
1.8
0.1
†
0.1
0.1
0.8
1.7
5.0
0.5
2.7
3.5
10.6
9.7
27.0
25.7
0.3
502.0
0.1
99.1
13.1
87.5
1.1
10.7
4.2
13.6
0.9
24.1
0.7
5.2
14.9
0.4
0.9
804.3
2180.2
1347.8
832.4
583.2
47.5
25.9
451.6
525.0
2.0
106.3
17.9
2.2
0.5
2.7
†
†
27.8
159.4
12.4
16.8
7.8
18.8
49.5
206.8
10.4
3.5
65.6
18.8
4.1
19.6
17.0
8.5
69.8
28.9
3.9
37.8
2.6
104.6
52.4
759.9
0.2
0.3
0.5
1.4
†
†
0.1
2.5
0.8
0.4
2.0
0.1
†
0.1
0.2
1.3
2.7
7.7
0.6
3.5
4.8
11.4
10.8
31.2
32.2
0.3
636.4
0.1
123.9
14.5
98.7
2.0
10.7
5.4
13.9
0.9
27.2
0.7
6.4
17.9
0.5
1.2
992.9
2478.6
1456.6
1022.0
599.9
47.1
32.3
483.7
563.1
6.4
117.6
20.7
2.6
0.7
2.9
†
†
30.3
181.4
13.9
19.2
8.0
19.4
57.1
222.7
12.1
4.5
69.5
22.7
5.9
23.5
18.6
9.1
73.8
33.5
4.2
43.3
5.3
114.6
59.0
840.0
0.2
0.5
1.1
1.8
†
†
0.1
3.8
0.9
0.4
3.3
0.2
†
0.1
1.0
4.2
3.6
13.8
0.6
6.5
6.3
12.0
12.6
38.0
41.2
0.4
742.0
0.1
139.2
14.9
111.2
2.6
11.0
5.4
14.0
1.0
30.5
0.8
7.9
21.4
4.1
1.5
1149.2
2789.2
1599.3
1189.9
658.5
*Based on gross output.
†Less than 0.05.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Notes: Annual changes and share of total are calculated using terawatt-hours.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
56
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
2020
2020
51.2
8.4%
39.2
20.9%
551.7
13.8%
642.1
13.7%
11.2
74.5%
120.3
2.1%
23.6
13.4%
2.6
0.1%
0.7
4.0%
3.3
10.8%
†
-0.3%
†
-0.3%
31.1
2.1%
192.9
6.1%
13.6
-2.3%
23.5
22.0%
8.0
-0.2%
19.5
0.3%
64.3
12.2%
232.4
4.1%
14.6
20.0%
5.1
14.5%
70.3
0.8%
32.0
40.9%
10.3
74.3%
25.6
8.7%
18.1
-2.9%
9.2
1.7%
80.5
8.8%
40.1
19.3%
4.7
12.8%
49.8
14.7%
9.7
83.4%
127.8
11.2%
61.7
4.3%
921.0
9.4%
0.2
-3.1%
0.5
4.7%
3.7 235.6%
3.5
92.4%
†
-0.3%
†
-0.3%
0.1
-2.2%
8.1 113.0%
1.0
3.8%
0.4
-0.3%
5.7
71.5%
0.2
-0.3%
0.2 1141.3%
0.1
-0.3%
1.0
-0.3%
5.6
32.8%
4.5
23.1%
18.6
34.8%
0.6
-3.0%
9.7
49.3%
7.0
10.7%
12.6
4.6%
12.4
-1.9%
42.3
10.9%
49.9
20.6%
0.4
17.5%
863.1
16.0%
0.1
60.5%
151.2
8.3%
16.8
12.8%
125.6
12.7%
3.1
19.4%
11.1
0.7%
5.0
-6.7%
14.4
2.6%
1.0
1.8%
37.0
21.0%
1.1
42.6%
10.3
30.4%
20.5
-4.5%
9.5 128.9%
1.7
12.8%
1322.0
14.7%
3147.0
12.5%
1788.6
11.5%
1358.4
13.8%
710.4
7.6%
2009-19
Share
2020
11.6%
1.6%
14.7%
1.2%
12.4% 17.5%
12.5% 20.4%
13.8%
0.4%
17.2%
3.8%
19.6%
0.7%
9.5%
0.1%
◆
12.4%
20.4%
0.1%
◆
-14.6%
◆
–
14.3%
1.0%
16.6%
6.1%
8.3%
0.4%
14.2%
0.7%
13.6%
0.3%
8.0%
0.6%
16.3%
2.0%
11.3%
7.4%
15.7%
0.5%
5.3%
0.2%
13.2%
2.2%
7.8%
1.0%
17.1%
0.3%
14.1%
0.8%
6.4%
0.6%
84.3%
0.3%
4.5%
2.6%
9.2%
1.3%
12.4%
0.2%
34.8%
1.6%
40.0%
0.3%
19.1%
4.1%
11.4%
2.0%
12.0% 29.3%
◆
61.1%
◆
22.3%
–
0.1%
13.8%
0.1%
◆
–
◆
–
◆
42.5%
20.9%
0.3%
◆
15.2%
◆
–
46.0%
0.2%
◆
–
◆
–
◆
–
◆
110.5%
91.3%
0.2%
72.8%
0.1%
45.4%
0.6%
◆
–
20.1%
0.3%
32.0%
0.2%
37.4%
0.4%
14.3%
0.4%
21.9%
1.3%
18.6%
1.6%
◆
27.6%
31.3% 27.4%
◆
52.7%
17.4%
4.8%
4.8%
0.5%
15.3%
4.0%
6.6%
0.1%
4.8%
0.4%
99.8%
0.2%
3.0%
0.5%
◆
6.1%
32.8%
1.2%
◆
37.3%
12.0%
0.3%
25.0%
0.7%
49.5%
0.3%
27.6%
0.1%
22.9% 42.0%
15.9% 100.0%
12.5% 56.8%
23.5% 43.2%
10.6% 22.6%
Renewable energy: Generation by source*
2020 Growth rate
Terawatt-hours
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Wind
Solar
Other
renewables‡
32.7
16.7
298.9
348.3
5.0
56.0
4.9
0.1
0.1
1.7
–
–
11.1
78.8
7.5
9.7
0.7
6.1
34.6
125.9
7.3
0.7
20.2
11.5
5.5
15.1
13.7
6.8
53.1
19.8
0.1
21.7
2.0
64.3
1.7
460.0
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.3
–
–
†
1.3
0.6
–
†
†
–
–
–
–
0.9
1.6
†
4.6
4.7
6.7
2.9
18.9
19.5
†
405.3
†
63.3
0.5
6.7
–
2.3
3.1
1.0
–
2.7
0.3
1.9
2.2
†
0.5
509.4
1418.2
830.8
587.3
364.5
4.2
7.4
108.0
119.6
0.8
6.7
6.3
0.1
0.2
0.8
†
†
4.3
19.1
1.7
4.2
2.3
0.1
11.7
46.4
4.4
1.5
23.7
5.3
0.1
0.7
1.3
1.8
15.1
0.7
2.2
9.2
2.9
12.9
0.3
152.8
†
0.2
0.4
1.0
†
†
0.1
1.7
0.3
0.4
3.1
0.2
†
†
1.0
4.2
2.7
11.9
0.6
1.9
1.6
4.9
1.9
10.9
18.3
0.3
224.0
†
46.3
0.1
72.3
0.7
0.1
1.6
1.2
0.2
13.0
0.4
4.0
4.6
4.1
0.8
392.0
707.9
378.8
329.2
125.2
10.3
8.2
76.8
95.3
0.6
54.9
9.5
2.4
0.5
0.5
–
–
15.0
83.5
4.7
5.2
5.0
13.2
10.7
50.4
0.4
2.2
25.6
5.8
0.3
7.7
3.6
0.5
5.6
13.0
1.9
12.4
0.3
37.3
0.2
227.2
0.1
0.1
†
0.5
–
–
†
0.8
†
–
0.2
–
–
0.1
–
†
†
0.3
–
–
–
0.4
7.8
8.2
3.5
†
112.7
0.1
29.7
14.3
32.2
1.9
8.6
0.6
11.7
0.8
14.9
0.1
2.0
14.6
†
0.3
247.8
663.1
389.8
273.4
168.8
2019
Total
Wind
47.1
32.3
483.7
563.1
6.4
117.6
20.7
2.6
0.7
2.9
†
†
30.3
181.4
13.9
19.2
8.0
19.4
57.1
222.7
12.1
4.5
69.5
22.7
5.9
23.5
18.6
9.1
73.8
33.5
4.2
43.3
5.3
114.6
2.2
840.0
0.2
0.5
1.1
1.8
†
†
0.1
3.8
0.9
0.4
3.3
0.2
†
0.1
1.0
4.2
3.6
13.8
0.6
6.5
6.3
12.0
12.6
38.0
41.2
0.4
742.0
0.1
139.2
14.9
111.2
2.6
11.0
5.4
14.0
1.0
30.5
0.8
7.9
21.4
4.1
1.5
1149.2
2789.2
1599.3
1189.9
658.5
36.1
19.7
340.9
396.7
9.5
57.0
5.6
†
0.1
1.8
–
–
11.4
85.4
6.8
13.0
0.7
8.1
40.6
131.0
9.3
0.6
18.7
15.3
9.9
15.7
12.4
7.0
53.2
28.1
0.2
24.8
3.2
75.6
1.7
510.1
0.1
0.2
1.1
1.1
–
–
†
2.6
0.6
–
†
†
–
–
–
–
1.3
1.9
†
6.8
5.4
7.0
2.6
21.8
22.6
†
466.5
†
60.4
0.5
7.8
–
2.3
2.7
1.0
–
3.1
0.6
2.3
2.2
†
0.5
572.6
1591.2
932.9
658.3
394.7
Solar
Other
renewables‡
2020
Total
4.4
11.9
134.0
150.3
1.3
8.0
7.6
0.2
0.2
0.8
†
†
4.7
22.8
1.6
5.1
2.2
0.3
13.1
50.6
4.9
2.4
26.0
8.1
0.1
2.0
1.7
1.7
20.8
1.1
2.6
10.8
6.2
12.8
0.4
178.9
†
0.2
2.6
1.9
†
†
0.1
4.8
0.3
0.4
5.5
0.2
0.2
†
1.0
5.6
3.2
16.4
0.6
2.9
1.6
5.2
2.1
12.4
23.8
0.4
261.1
†
58.7
0.5
82.9
1.2
0.2
1.7
1.4
0.3
16.6
0.4
6.1
4.6
9.5
1.1
470.3
855.7
455.7
400.0
146.1
10.7
7.6
76.8
95.1
0.4
55.4
10.3
2.4
0.5
0.7
–
–
15.0
84.7
5.3
5.3
5.1
11.2
10.6
50.8
0.4
2.1
25.7
8.7
0.3
7.9
4.0
0.6
6.5
11.0
1.9
14.2
0.4
39.4
0.3
232.0
0.1
0.1
†
0.5
–
–
†
0.8
†
–
0.2
–
–
0.1
–
†
†
0.3
–
–
–
0.4
7.6
8.1
3.4
†
135.5
0.1
32.1
15.9
34.9
1.9
8.6
0.6
12.0
0.7
17.3
0.1
1.9
13.7
†
0.2
279.1
700.1
400.0
300.1
169.6
51.2
39.2
551.7
642.1
11.2
120.3
23.6
2.6
0.7
3.3
†
†
31.1
192.9
13.6
23.5
8.0
19.5
64.3
232.4
14.6
5.1
70.3
32.0
10.3
25.6
18.1
9.2
80.5
40.1
4.7
49.8
9.7
127.8
2.4
921.0
0.2
0.5
3.7
3.5
†
†
0.1
8.1
1.0
0.4
5.7
0.2
0.2
0.1
1.0
5.6
4.5
18.6
0.6
9.7
7.0
12.6
12.4
42.3
49.9
0.4
863.1
0.1
151.2
16.8
125.6
3.1
11.1
5.0
14.4
1.0
37.0
1.1
10.3
20.5
9.5
1.7
1322.0
3147.0
1788.6
1358.4
710.4
Wind
Solar
10.2%
17.5%
13.8%
13.6%
89.0%
1.6%
14.6%
-54.3%
-0.3%
8.7%
–
–
2.5%
8.2%
-9.4%
33.6%
-0.4%
31.9%
17.0%
3.7%
27.7%
-12.0%
-7.7%
32.3%
78.5%
3.8%
-9.8%
2.4%
4.6%
60.7%
23.7%
25.3%
67.6%
19.3%
20.5%
36.3%
-0.3%
1.7%
-0.3%
-0.3%
10.5%
19.0%
-6.8%
20.6%
-2.6%
73.7%
11.0%
8.8%
9.7%
58.0%
9.3%
50.6%
26.1%
179.3%
25.9%
-4.5%
37.3%
58.9%
20.1%
16.8%
110.3%
-1.2%
22.1%
16.8%
6.5%
1.3%
555.6%
88.5%
-0.3%
-0.3%
-4.0%
180.0%
12.5%
-0.3%
75.8%
-0.3%
1141.3%
-0.3%
-0.3%
32.8%
18.1%
37.4%
-2.7%
51.3%
-0.3%
5.3%
12.9%
13.5%
30.0%
17.9%
16.2%
5.6%
26.5%
773.0%
14.4%
68.8%
24.2%
3.1%
9.9%
51.2%
27.1%
6.9%
51.2%
-0.3%
129.0%
27.4%
19.6%
20.5%
20.0%
21.2%
16.4%
◆
41.1%
15.7%
13.6%
56.6%
17.2%
4.4%
10.6%
-10.0%
10.5%
60.1%
260.5%
–
–
-0.6%
93.4%
0.1%
–
-0.3%
-0.3%
–
–
–
–
38.5%
22.4%
-20.2%
48.5%
14.4%
4.4%
-10.2%
15.2%
15.8%
-0.3%
14.8%
21.7%
-4.8%
-2.2%
15.1%
–
1.8%
-13.5%
-1.7%
–
16.9%
95.6%
20.7%
-0.3%
60.7%
-0.3%
12.1%
11.9%
12.0%
11.8%
8.0%
Other
renewables‡
3.9%
-7.9%
-0.3%
-0.5%
-33.7%
0.5%
8.0%
-0.5%
6.3%
30.6%
–
–
-0.5%
1.1%
10.4%
1.5%
0.9%
-15.1%
-1.7%
0.5%
-7.5%
-5.8%
-0.2%
48.9%
2.4%
2.5%
12.5%
13.8%
14.9%
-15.9%
4.0%
14.9%
8.4%
5.3%
23.6%
1.9%
◆
1.6%
5.7%
-1.8%
–
–
-0.3%
-0.9%
-0.3%
–
-0.3%
–
–
-0.3%
–
-0.3%
-0.3%
-0.3%
–
–
–
-0.3%
-2.3%
-2.2%
-1.9%
5.2%
19.9%
61.7%
7.9%
10.4%
8.1%
0.7%
–
2.3%
2.2%
-10.9%
16.4%
-0.3%
-2.2%
-6.4%
-7.0%
-10.9%
12.3%
5.3%
2.3%
9.5%
0.2%
Total
8.4%
20.9%
13.8%
13.7%
74.5%
2.1%
13.4%
0.1%
4.0%
10.8%
-0.3%
-0.3%
2.1%
6.1%
-2.3%
22.0%
-0.2%
0.3%
12.2%
4.1%
20.0%
14.5%
0.8%
40.9%
74.3%
8.7%
-2.9%
1.7%
8.8%
19.3%
12.8%
14.7%
83.4%
11.2%
8.7%
9.4%
-3.1%
4.7%
235.6%
92.4%
-0.3%
-0.3%
-2.2%
113.0%
3.8%
-0.3%
71.5%
-0.3%
1141.3%
-0.3%
-0.3%
32.8%
23.1%
34.8%
-3.0%
49.3%
10.7%
4.6%
-1.9%
10.9%
20.6%
17.5%
16.0%
60.5%
8.3%
12.8%
12.7%
19.4%
0.7%
-6.7%
2.6%
1.8%
21.0%
42.6%
30.4%
-4.5%
128.9%
12.8%
14.7%
12.5%
11.5%
13.8%
7.6%
*Based on gross output.
‡Includes electricity generated from: geothermal, biomass and other sources of renewable energy (not already itemized).
†Less than 0.05.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
A more extensive time series of renewables by source is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
57
Renewable energy: Solar capacity
Growth rate per annum
Installed photovoltaic (PV) power*
Gigawatts
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Honduras
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Russian Federation
Other CIS
Total CIS
Israel
Jordan
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Japan
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
0.2
†
2.0
2.3
–
†
–
†
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
†
1.7
†
1.0
18.0
0.2
†
3.6
0.1
–
0.1
†
–
3.9
†
0.1
†
†
0.1
0.1
30.1
–
†
†
0.1
–
†
†
0.1
–
†
†
†
0.2
0.2
1.1
1.0
0.1
3.6
†
†
†
0.7
†
†
†
0.8
7.3
40.1
0.5
†
5.2
5.7
†
†
–
†
0.2
0.2
0.2
2.0
0.2
1.9
†
3.0
25.9
0.6
†
13.1
0.1
–
0.2
†
†
4.3
†
0.2
†
0.2
1.0
0.6
53.6
–
†
†
0.2
–
†
†
0.2
–
†
†
†
0.2
0.3
2.5
3.1
0.6
4.9
†
†
†
0.7
0.1
0.1
†
0.1
12.1
72.0
0.8
0.1
8.1
9.0
†
†
†
†
0.3
0.3
0.3
2.6
1.0
2.0
0.4
4.4
34.1
1.5
†
16.8
0.3
†
0.2
†
0.5
4.6
†
0.4
†
0.4
1.8
0.3
71.7
†
†
†
0.2
†
†
†
0.3
–
†
†
†
0.2
0.3
3.8
6.7
1.0
6.4
†
†
†
1.0
0.2
0.4
†
0.2
19.8
101.4
1.2
0.1
11.8
13.1
†
†
†
†
0.4
0.5
0.6
2.9
1.0
2.1
0.6
5.3
36.7
2.6
†
18.2
0.7
†
0.3
0.8
0.5
4.7
†
0.8
†
0.7
2.9
0.5
81.9
†
†
†
0.4
†
†
0.1
0.5
–
†
†
0.3
0.4
0.7
4.6
17.7
1.4
12.1
0.1
0.1
†
1.6
0.4
0.8
†
0.2
39.1
135.7
1.8
0.1
16.0
17.9
†
†
0.2
†
0.6
0.8
0.8
3.0
1.0
2.1
0.6
6.0
37.9
2.6
0.1
18.6
1.0
†
0.4
1.3
0.5
4.7
0.1
1.1
†
0.8
5.5
0.6
88.8
†
0.1
0.1
0.7
†
†
0.1
0.8
†
†
†
1.1
0.5
1.6
5.4
28.4
3.4
19.3
0.2
0.2
†
2.5
0.6
1.3
†
0.3
61.6
171.6
2.5
0.2
21.7
24.4
†
†
0.6
0.4
0.8
1.8
0.9
3.1
1.0
2.1
0.8
7.1
39.2
2.6
0.2
18.9
1.5
0.1
0.4
1.3
0.5
4.7
0.1
1.4
0.2
0.8
9.6
0.7
97.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.8
†
†
0.2
1.0
†
†
†
1.3
0.6
1.9
6.1
43.5
5.4
28.6
0.2
0.3
0.2
3.6
0.8
1.4
†
0.4
90.6
217.5
2.7
0.4
33.0
36.0
†
0.1
1.1
0.4
1.0
2.7
1.1
3.3
1.0
2.1
0.9
7.7
40.7
2.6
0.2
19.3
2.1
0.2
0.5
1.4
0.5
4.7
0.2
1.7
0.8
1.0
11.9
0.9
104.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.9
0.3
†
0.3
1.5
0.2
†
†
2.0
0.7
3.0
6.9
77.8
9.7
38.4
0.3
0.6
0.8
4.5
1.2
2.4
†
0.6
143.2
291.3
2.9
0.7
41.4
44.9
†
1.3
1.8
0.5
1.7
5.2
1.3
3.6
1.0
2.1
0.9
8.6
42.3
2.6
0.3
19.7
2.9
0.3
0.6
1.4
0.5
4.7
0.2
1.9
3.4
1.2
12.8
1.1
113.5
0.2
0.2
0.4
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.5
2.1
0.4
0.2
†
3.1
1.0
4.7
7.6
130.8
17.9
44.2
0.4
0.7
0.9
5.8
1.8
2.7
†
0.8
213.6
384.5
3.1
2.5
51.4
57.1
0.2
2.5
2.1
0.5
2.1
7.5
1.5
4.0
1.0
2.1
1.0
9.7
45.2
2.7
0.7
20.1
4.6
0.6
0.7
1.4
0.5
4.8
0.4
2.2
5.1
2.0
13.1
1.3
124.4
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.1
0.8
0.5
1.0
3.3
0.4
0.7
0.2
4.4
1.3
7.1
8.9
175.0
27.1
55.5
0.5
0.7
0.9
7.1
2.7
3.0
0.1
0.9
282.5
482.9
3.3
4.4
58.9
66.7
0.4
4.6
2.6
0.5
2.6
10.8
1.7
4.6
1.0
2.1
1.1
10.8
49.0
2.8
1.4
20.9
7.2
1.5
0.9
1.4
0.6
9.0
0.7
2.6
6.0
5.9
13.3
1.7
146.3
1.1
1.2
2.3
1.2
1.1
1.8
1.4
5.5
0.4
1.6
0.2
4.4
1.6
8.3
13.6
204.6
34.9
61.5
0.9
0.7
1.0
10.5
4.1
3.0
4.9
1.4
341.0
580.8
3.3
5.6
73.8
82.8
0.8
7.9
3.1
0.5
2.8
15.1
2.2
5.6
1.1
2.1
1.3
11.7
53.8
3.2
2.0
21.6
10.2
3.9
1.0
1.4
0.6
11.8
1.4
3.2
6.7
7.3
13.6
2.1
167.8
1.4
1.8
3.2
1.2
1.4
2.4
1.5
6.5
0.4
1.7
0.2
5.5
1.7
9.5
17.6
253.8
39.0
67.0
1.5
0.7
1.0
14.6
5.8
3.0
16.5
2.0
422.6
707.5
0.2%
26.9%
24.9%
23.8%
72.4%
70.3%
21.2%
-0.3%
5.9%
39.6%
30.1%
21.4%
2.1%
-1.0%
20.0%
8.3%
9.4%
14.3%
39.1%
3.2%
41.9%
155.0%
13.5%
-1.1%
0.2%
31.0%
97.9%
22.8%
10.9%
23.2%
1.3%
25.8%
14.4%
33.9%
50.5%
42.7%
-0.3%
23.1%
33.8%
11.1%
18.6%
-0.3%
1.7%
-0.3%
24.3%
6.7%
14.5%
29.6%
23.7%
11.5%
8.6%
68.8%
3.1%
7.4%
38.4%
39.8%
-0.3%
236.0%
44.5%
23.6%
21.5%
Share
2020
42.6%
0.5%
67.8%
0.8%
47.8% 10.4%
48.2% 11.7%
n/a
0.1%
n/a
1.1%
n/a
0.4%
64.7%
0.1%
46.3%
0.4%
67.4%
2.1%
42.6%
0.3%
28.2%
0.8%
87.0%
0.2%
16.2%
0.3%
71.2%
0.2%
44.2%
1.7%
16.6%
7.6%
51.0%
0.5%
106.4%
0.3%
32.4%
3.1%
59.1%
1.4%
n/a
0.6%
22.9%
0.1%
159.7%
0.2%
n/a
0.1%
10.1%
1.7%
54.9%
0.2%
41.8%
0.5%
104.4%
0.9%
n/a
1.0%
86.0%
1.9%
41.5%
0.3%
24.1% 23.7%
n/a
0.2%
97.7%
0.3%
110.6%
0.5%
47.4%
0.2%
n/a
0.2%
68.3%
0.3%
68.0%
0.2%
62.7%
0.9%
n/a
0.1%
104.2%
0.2%
31.3%
0.0%
n/a
0.8%
33.1%
0.2%
54.5%
1.3%
44.7%
2.5%
85.9% 35.9%
97.1%
5.5%
37.2%
9.5%
109.6%
0.2%
69.2%
0.1%
99.0%
0.1%
35.0%
2.1%
83.7%
0.8%
55.1%
0.4%
106.3%
2.3%
16.5%
0.3%
54.9% 59.7%
38.3% 100.0%
Source: IRENA (2021), Renewable capacity statistics 2021 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Abu Dhabi.
*End of year.
†Less than 0.05.
Notes: Capacity figures in this table are on an AC basis.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
58
2009-19
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Renewable energy: Wind capacity
Installed wind turbine capacity*
Gigawatts
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Costa Rica
Uruguay
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Russian Federation
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Jordan
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Tunisia
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Japan
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
Growth rate per annum
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
4.0
0.5
39.1
43.6
†
0.9
0.2
0.1
†
0.2
1.5
1.0
0.9
0.5
3.8
0.2
5.9
26.9
1.3
1.4
5.8
2.2
0.4
1.1
3.8
0.4
20.7
2.0
1.3
0.1
5.4
1.0
86.2
†
†
†
0.1
†
†
0.1
0.6
0.2
†
0.1
†
0.8
1.9
29.6
13.2
2.3
0.5
†
†
0.4
0.5
†
0.1
48.5
180.9
5.3
0.6
45.7
51.5
0.1
1.4
0.2
0.1
†
0.4
2.2
1.1
1.1
0.5
4.0
0.2
6.8
28.7
1.6
1.6
6.9
2.3
0.5
1.8
4.3
1.0
21.5
2.8
1.7
0.1
6.6
1.3
96.4
†
†
†
0.1
†
†
0.1
0.6
0.3
†
0.1
0.1
1.0
2.1
46.4
16.2
2.4
0.5
†
†
0.4
0.5
†
0.1
68.7
220.1
6.2
1.8
59.1
67.1
0.1
1.9
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.6
3.1
1.3
1.4
0.7
4.2
0.3
7.6
31.0
1.8
1.7
8.1
2.4
0.7
2.6
4.4
1.8
22.8
3.6
2.3
0.2
9.0
1.6
109.4
†
†
†
0.1
†
†
0.1
0.6
0.3
†
0.2
0.1
1.1
2.6
61.6
17.3
2.6
0.6
0.1
†
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.2
86.0
267.1
7.8
2.1
60.0
69.9
0.2
2.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.7
3.6
1.7
1.8
0.7
4.8
0.4
8.2
33.5
1.8
2.0
8.5
2.7
0.8
3.4
4.6
2.8
23.0
4.2
2.8
0.4
11.3
1.7
121.0
†
†
†
0.1
†
†
0.1
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
1.7
3.2
76.7
18.4
2.6
0.6
0.1
†
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.2
103.4
300.3
9.7
2.6
64.2
76.5
0.2
4.9
0.7
0.2
0.5
1.0
7.5
2.1
1.9
0.7
4.9
0.6
9.2
38.6
2.0
2.3
8.7
2.9
0.9
3.8
4.9
3.2
22.9
5.1
3.6
0.5
13.1
1.9
133.8
†
0.1
0.1
0.1
†
†
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.2
2.4
3.8
96.8
22.5
2.8
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.3
128.8
349.7
11.2
3.3
72.6
87.1
0.2
7.6
0.9
0.3
0.9
1.4
11.2
2.5
2.2
0.7
5.1
1.0
10.3
44.6
2.1
2.5
9.1
3.4
0.9
4.9
4.9
3.1
22.9
5.8
4.5
0.5
14.3
2.2
147.5
†
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
†
0.3
0.8
0.8
1.1
0.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
131.0
25.1
2.8
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.4
166.7
416.2
12.0
4.1
81.3
97.3
0.2
10.1
1.0
0.3
1.2
1.6
14.5
2.7
2.4
0.7
5.2
1.6
11.6
49.4
2.4
2.8
9.4
4.3
0.9
5.7
5.1
3.0
23.0
6.4
5.8
0.5
16.1
2.5
161.5
†
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
†
0.4
0.8
0.9
1.5
0.2
0.5
3.8
4.3
148.5
28.7
3.2
0.7
0.6
0.4
1.1
0.7
0.5
0.4
189.2
466.9
12.4
4.2
87.6
104.2
0.3
12.3
1.3
0.4
1.5
1.6
17.3
2.9
2.8
0.7
5.5
2.0
13.5
55.6
2.6
3.3
9.7
4.2
1.2
5.8
5.1
3.0
23.1
6.6
6.5
0.6
19.6
2.8
177.1
†
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
†
0.5
0.8
1.0
2.1
0.2
0.5
4.6
4.8
164.4
32.8
3.5
0.7
0.8
0.4
1.2
0.7
0.6
0.5
210.5
514.4
12.8
4.9
94.4
112.1
0.8
14.8
1.5
0.4
1.5
1.8
20.8
3.1
3.3
0.7
6.1
2.0
14.9
58.7
2.9
3.7
10.2
4.4
1.7
5.8
5.2
3.0
23.4
7.3
7.0
0.6
21.8
3.1
189.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
†
0.6
1.1
1.2
2.1
0.2
0.8
5.5
5.7
184.7
35.3
3.7
0.7
1.2
0.4
1.4
0.7
1.1
0.7
235.6
563.8
13.4
6.6
103.6
123.6
1.6
15.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
2.1
22.6
3.2
3.9
0.7
6.1
2.3
16.4
60.7
3.6
4.2
10.7
4.5
2.9
5.8
5.2
3.0
25.6
8.7
7.6
1.3
24.1
3.4
203.9
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.8
1.4
1.2
2.1
0.2
0.8
5.8
7.1
209.5
37.5
3.8
0.7
1.2
0.4
1.5
0.8
1.5
0.9
265.1
622.2
13.6
8.1
117.7
139.4
2.6
17.2
2.1
0.4
1.5
2.5
26.4
3.2
4.7
0.7
6.2
2.5
17.4
62.2
4.1
4.3
10.8
6.6
4.0
6.3
5.2
3.0
27.1
9.7
8.8
1.4
24.7
3.7
216.6
0.9
0.6
1.5
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.9
1.4
1.4
2.6
0.2
0.8
6.5
9.5
282.0
38.6
4.2
0.8
1.2
0.4
1.6
0.8
1.5
1.2
341.9
733.3
0.9%
23.0%
13.4%
12.5%
62.6%
11.1%
32.3%
-4.4%
-0.3%
23.6%
16.4%
-0.3%
21.1%
-0.3%
1.9%
8.1%
5.5%
2.1%
14.3%
3.1%
1.2%
46.8%
36.1%
7.1%
0.0%
-0.8%
5.6%
11.3%
16.0%
11.2%
2.1%
5.6%
5.9%
824.8%
53.4%
218.3%
0.0%
38.8%
-0.1%
18.7%
-0.3%
14.4%
25.5%
-0.3%
-0.3%
12.2%
32.2%
34.2%
2.5%
10.8%
13.5%
-0.3%
-0.3%
7.9%
-0.3%
-0.3%
32.4%
28.6%
17.5%
*End of year.
†Less than 0.05.
2009-19
Share
2020
15.1%
1.9%
31.5%
1.1%
11.7% 16.1%
12.5% 19.0%
50.1%
0.4%
38.3%
2.3%
25.8%
0.3%
13.1%
0.1%
47.7%
0.2%
28.8%
0.3%
35.2%
3.6%
12.4%
0.4%
20.3%
0.6%
7.8%
0.1%
5.8%
0.9%
31.6%
0.3%
13.6%
2.4%
9.0%
8.5%
11.9%
0.6%
12.8%
0.6%
8.1%
1.5%
7.3%
0.9%
21.3%
0.5%
23.5%
0.9%
4.6%
0.7%
70.1%
0.4%
2.9%
3.7%
19.4%
1.3%
25.4%
1.2%
30.8%
0.2%
18.5%
3.4%
16.3%
0.5%
10.3% 29.5%
26.1%
0.1%
55.3%
0.1%
41.7%
0.2%
12.6%
0.0%
74.7%
0.1%
29.5%
0.0%
22.5%
0.1%
12.2%
0.2%
18.7%
0.2%
73.6%
0.4%
16.5%
0.0%
62.1%
0.1%
23.1%
0.9%
15.4%
1.3%
28.1% 38.5%
13.1%
5.3%
6.6%
0.6%
3.3%
0.1%
70.4%
0.2%
29.7%
0.1%
15.7%
0.2%
8.5%
0.1%
76.6%
0.2%
30.1%
0.2%
23.0% 46.6%
15.3% 100.0%
Source: IRENA (2021), Renewable capacity statistics 2021 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Abu Dhabi.
Notes: Capacity figures in this table are on an AC basis.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
59
Renewables: Biofuels production*
Thousand barrels of oil
equivalent per day
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Total CIS
Total Middle East
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
South Korea
Thailand
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Growth rate per annum
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
15
–
499
514
32
292
8
4
336
7
7
6
43
59
15
7
8
5
19
4
5
20
204
1
†
2
3
29
3
4
6
16
8
68
1125
735
391
198
18
–
556
574
42
251
11
5
309
7
8
4
42
58
11
12
8
6
16
4
3
22
201
†
†
2
4
36
5
27
5
17
16
109
1195
792
404
195
17
–
531
548
43
257
12
5
316
7
8
5
49
54
6
24
12
5
11
4
6
26
217
1
†
2
4
38
5
33
7
24
21
132
1215
785
430
210
18
–
555
574
38
299
12
6
356
7
8
6
46
58
9
28
13
5
14
4
9
28
234
†
†
2
5
42
5
41
7
30
28
158
1325
828
497
223
22
–
588
609
49
315
13
7
384
6
11
7
47
64
10
33
14
6
19
4
7
28
256
†
†
2
5
47
5
59
7
34
35
191
1443
886
557
247
21
–
605
625
38
338
13
8
396
7
7
8
49
59
10
36
15
6
21
4
6
31
260
†
†
3
4
40
10
24
8
36
36
159
1444
906
537
252
22
–
642
664
53
317
13
10
392
8
7
2
45
60
10
28
17
6
22
4
10
33
252
†
†
3
2
39
12
54
8
31
34
180
1491
935
557
239
22
–
664
686
58
320
12
10
399
7
8
6
44
61
12
37
17
6
35
3
14
35
286
†
†
2
2
47
11
50
8
37
32
188
1562
988
574
267
22
–
684
707
51
384
14
11
461
7
8
5
51
63
13
36
17
6
40
7
13
39
304
†
†
3
2
45
18
91
13
40
37
246
1721
1035
686
287
24
–
665
689
46
411
13
13
482
7
8
6
47
66
15
38
18
7
39
8
11
39
309
†
†
3
3
55
21
124
13
45
45
306
1790
1020
770
293
21
–
602
623
27
395
12
12
446
7
8
7
43
65
16
37
19
6
32
7
10
36
295
†
†
3
3
63
20
126
12
44
41
310
1677
938
738
279
-10.2%
n/a
-9.6%
-9.6%
-40.3%
-4.0%
-9.0%
-3.1%
-7.5%
3.2%
-0.7%
14.7%
-8.0%
-0.6%
7.7%
-1.7%
3.4%
-15.6%
-19.0%
-9.9%
-5.7%
-6.4%
-4.6%
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
13
480
257
7
36
–
†
2
31
825
534
292
33
16
502
212
9
40
–
†
2
39
820
564
256
40
16
475
217
10
46
–
†
2
40
807
543
264
44
16
479
256
14
52
†
†
2
47
866
553
313
46
17
516
264
17
51
†
†
2
53
920
590
330
45
16
534
280
19
56
†
†
3
57
965
613
353
52
16
554
261
21
52
†
†
3
51
959
628
331
47
16
575
256
23
56
†
†
2
58
987
652
336
48
17
580
305
24
57
†
†
3
65
1052
660
391
51
18
569
324
24
54
†
†
3
76
1067
647
420
50
16
501
300
21
49
†
†
3
70
960
572
389
47
-12.2%
-12.0%
-7.4%
-10.6%
-7.7%
-0.3%
–
–
-7.7%
-10.0%
-11.6%
-7.5%
-6.4%
4.0%
1.7%
3.7% 52.2%
3.0% 31.2%
13.9%
2.2%
5.9%
5.1%
◆
n/a
◆
2.7%
-6.0%
0.3%
10.0%
7.3%
4.0% 100.0%
3.8% 59.5%
4.4% 40.5%
5.5%
4.9%
2
19
35
37
168
1
–
–
37
300
201
99
165
2
54
39
48
160
†
–
–
71
375
227
148
156
1
55
40
49
171
1
–
†
91
409
242
167
166
2
76
43
43
183
†
–
†
111
459
274
184
177
5
71
50
53
205
†
–
†
138
523
296
227
201
4
70
58
40
203
†
–
†
102
478
294
185
199
6
87
56
54
200
†
–
†
129
532
307
225
192
6
89
63
57
230
†
–
–
129
575
337
238
219
6
104
79
52
248
†
–
–
181
670
375
295
236
5
96
87
48
255
†
–
–
230
723
373
349
243
5
101
95
30
245
†
–
–
240
716
367
349
233
-3.1%
4.6%
8.7%
-36.8%
-4.0%
–
n/a
n/a
4.0%
-0.9%
-1.7%
12.5%
0.7%
12.8% 14.1%
13.9% 13.2%
8.0%
4.2%
5.5% 34.2%
◆
-3.8%
n/a
–
n/a
–
21.1% 33.5%
10.8% 100.0%
7.2% 51.2%
16.8% 48.8%
5.3% 32.5%
◆
–
–
-4.5%
16.0%
-8.1%
2.1%
-4.9%
-3.6%
-8.3%
1.1%
-6.3%
-8.0%
-4.1%
-4.7%
2009-19
Share
2020
2010
5.4%
1.3%
n/a
–
4.6% 35.9%
4.7% 37.2%
9.1%
1.6%
4.5% 23.5%
8.2%
0.7%
13.7%
0.7%
5.1% 26.6%
0.3%
0.4%
12.8%
0.5%
3.9%
0.4%
0.7%
2.6%
3.3%
3.9%
0.4%
0.9%
23.7%
2.2%
9.2%
1.1%
4.6%
0.3%
8.7%
1.9%
8.9%
0.4%
10.6%
0.6%
7.1%
2.2%
5.6% 17.6%
◆
-3.7%
◆
2.7%
-6.0%
0.2%
-4.3%
0.2%
6.4%
3.8%
26.2%
1.2%
46.0%
7.5%
12.2%
0.7%
14.2%
2.6%
18.3%
2.5%
17.1% 18.5%
6.2% 100.0%
4.9% 56.0%
8.3% 44.0%
5.4% 16.7%
Biofuels production by fuel type
Thousand barrels of oil
equivalent per day
Biogasoline
Canada & Mexico
US
Brazil
Other S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Biodiesel‡
Canada & Mexico
US
Brazil
Other S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Growth rate per annum
Share
2020
Source: includes data from IHS Markit; US Energy Information Administration (March 2021).
*Total biofuels includes biogasoline (such as ethanol), biodiesel and biojet. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content.
‡Biodiesel production includes biojet which is currently <1kboed globally but more than doubled relative to 2019.
†Less than 0.5.
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels a day oil equivalent figures.
60
◆
-4.3%
2009-19
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Renewables: Biofuels consumption*
Thousand barrels of oil
equivalent per day
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Total CIS
Total Middle East
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
South Korea
Thailand
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Growth rate per annum
2009-19
Share
2020
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
17
2
478
497
10
257
10
11
287
10
7
2
44
51
26
4
12
6
27
9
21
22
241
1
†
†
4
32
18
5
7
14
8
86
1112
758
354
217
27
2
515
543
14
235
12
12
272
10
7
3
44
53
25
7
13
6
32
10
20
26
255
1
†
1
4
35
20
7
6
14
10
96
1168
820
348
233
35
2
513
551
17
222
12
14
265
10
6
3
48
56
28
7
14
5
39
12
17
31
276
1
†
1
4
41
19
11
7
18
13
114
1206
848
359
255
35
2
556
593
19
261
12
15
307
8
6
4
49
50
24
7
14
5
17
12
19
38
253
†
†
1
5
50
19
17
10
24
16
142
1297
871
425
224
36
3
564
603
22
288
13
15
338
10
8
8
52
53
20
7
13
5
18
16
22
36
269
†
†
1
6
59
22
28
9
28
19
171
1382
898
484
241
34
3
586
623
24
341
13
16
395
12
5
8
53
50
25
8
12
7
18
19
17
37
271
†
†
1
4
44
23
15
8
30
22
147
1438
920
518
248
32
3
632
668
26
310
13
17
365
10
8
3
53
50
25
8
8
5
21
25
18
43
276
1
†
1
4
44
28
46
8
31
24
184
1495
967
528
248
38
4
633
675
30
326
14
18
387
9
9
7
54
51
25
9
11
5
24
28
17
50
298
2
†
1
3
42
25
39
8
34
25
176
1538
996
542
265
39
4
626
669
28
378
15
17
439
9
9
6
53
53
26
11
17
5
31
27
24
52
323
2
†
1
3
54
33
56
13
37
26
223
1658
1021
636
285
42
4
626
671
29
420
16
17
482
9
9
7
55
52
15
14
18
5
31
27
31
61
336
3
†
1
3
61
38
96
13
42
27
279
1772
1033
739
287
36
4
558
598
16
418
14
16
464
8
11
7
49
63
21
18
17
5
23
25
29
61
339
3
†
1
3
56
39
98
13
42
24
274
1679
961
718
294
-13.2%
0.4%
-10.9%
-11.0%
-46.5%
-0.4%
-10.9%
-8.2%
-3.8%
-11.5%
23.6%
3.8%
-10.3%
21.8%
41.2%
31.3%
-5.7%
-11.7%
-28.1%
-9.6%
-4.4%
0.8%
1.0%
12.6%
-26.4%
-0.9%
2.4%
-8.1%
3.2%
2.5%
-0.9%
-0.2%
-10.9%
-1.6%
-5.2%
-6.9%
-2.8%
2.2%
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
464
15
222
12
53
–
†
†
52
819
541
278
47
465
22
197
13
55
–
†
1
57
810
552
258
49
463
28
181
15
56
–
†
1
60
804
556
248
48
477
28
218
18
52
–
†
1
66
861
567
294
43
485
30
238
20
52
–
†
1
73
900
579
322
43
503
30
283
22
53
–
†
1
82
974
598
377
43
516
30
254
24
52
†
†
1
88
965
610
355
42
522
32
263
26
54
1
†
1
82
981
620
361
44
520
33
300
27
56
1
†
1
97
1036
623
413
46
525
34
333
27
61
2
†
1
110
1093
632
461
50
454
31
324
23
58
2
0
1
105
997
555
442
49
-13.4%
-10.5%
-2.7%
-14.4%
-5.9%
9.9%
-26.4%
-0.9%
-5.0%
-8.8%
-12.2%
-4.1%
-3.2%
2.8% 45.6%
8.5%
3.1%
4.3% 32.5%
10.2%
2.3%
3.6%
5.8%
n/a
0.2%
◆
-4.4%
8.9%
0.1%
9.0% 10.5%
4.1% 100.0%
3.2% 55.6%
5.6% 44.4%
2.4%
4.9%
15
3
35
18
187
1
–
–
34
294
218
76
169
49
7
38
24
200
1
–
–
40
358
269
90
184
50
9
40
28
221
1
–
–
54
402
292
110
207
80
8
43
28
201
†
–
–
75
436
304
131
181
79
8
50
30
217
†
–
–
97
482
319
163
198
83
7
58
31
219
†
–
–
66
464
322
142
204
116
6
56
31
224
1
–
–
97
530
358
173
206
111
9
63
35
244
1
–
–
93
556
376
180
221
106
10
79
34
267
1
–
–
126
622
399
223
239
101
11
87
35
274
1
–
–
169
678
401
278
237
104
9
95
22
281
1
–
–
170
682
406
276
245
2.5%
-17.2%
8.6%
-36.3%
2.6%
16.6%
n/a
n/a
0.6%
0.5%
1.4%
-0.6%
3.4%
18.9% 15.2%
28.0%
1.3%
14.2% 13.9%
21.1%
3.3%
5.6% 41.2%
11.4%
0.2%
n/a
–
n/a
–
19.3% 24.9%
11.1% 100.0%
8.1% 59.5%
18.1% 40.5%
5.2% 35.9%
11.2%
2.2%
7.5%
0.2%
4.2% 33.2%
4.5% 35.6%
n/a
0.9%
5.7% 24.9%
9.0%
0.8%
7.1%
0.9%
6.5% 27.6%
-0.4%
0.5%
13.5%
0.6%
11.9%
0.4%
2.1%
2.9%
0.2%
3.8%
-3.1%
1.3%
7.2%
1.1%
4.7%
1.0%
2.3%
0.3%
18.5%
1.3%
17.8%
1.5%
5.2%
1.8%
12.2%
3.7%
5.2% 20.2%
21.9%
0.2%
◆
-4.4%
8.9%
0.1%
-0.1%
0.2%
6.7%
3.3%
10.3%
2.3%
39.4%
5.8%
10.7%
0.8%
12.2%
2.5%
17.8%
1.4%
14.0% 16.3%
6.2% 100.0%
4.8% 57.2%
8.7% 42.8%
4.7% 17.5%
Biofuels consumption by fuel type
Thousand barrels of oil
equivalent per day
Biogasoline
US
Canada & Mexico
Brazil
Other S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Biodiesel
US
Canada & Mexico
Brazil
Other S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Growth rate per annum
2009-19
Share
2020
*Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content.
†Less than 0.5.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day figures.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
61
World biofuels production
Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day
2000
Rest of World
Asia Pacific
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
750
Ethanol 2019
Ethanol 2020
Biodiesel 2019
Biodiesel 2020
625
1500
500
375
1000
250
500
125
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Rest of World
0
Biofuels production fell 6% globally in 2020 (113,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day or boe/d) in contrast to the 6% average growth for the 10 years prior. Moderate
growth in Asia (4,000 boe/d) was more than compensated by a decline in the US (64,000 boe/d), Argentina (19,000 boe/d) and Brazil (16,000 boe/d). Asia’s production
was resilient due to an increase in biodiesel whereas ethanol production decreased in all major regions by 7 to 12% (107,000 boe/d globally). Biodiesel is the dominant
fuel produced in Europe and Asia Pacific (making up 83% and 77% of biofuels respectively in 2020), while ethanol is the main fuel in North America (83% of total) and
South and Central America (72%).
World biofuels consumption
Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day
2000
Rest of World
Asia Pacific
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
2000
Biodiesel
Ethanol
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
0
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
Biofuels consumption fell by 5% (92,000 boe/d). As with production, the decline was largest in the US (68,000 boe/d), most of which was ethanol, but also in Argentina
(13,000 boe/d), due to reduced biodiesel consumption. European biofuel consumption grew 1% in 2020 (3,000 boe/d). At the global level, ethanol made up 59% of
biofuels in 2019, but the share of biodiesel has risen continually. For example, biodiesel’s share was 26% in 2010 but rose to 41% last year.
62
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
0
Electricity
Electricity generation*
Growth rate per annum
Terawatt-hours
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
607.0
638.3
636.5
655.7
275.6
292.1
296.4
297.1
4394.3 4363.4 4310.6 4330.3
5276.8 5293.8 5243.5 5283.1
126.0
129.5
136.0
139.4
515.8
531.8
552.5
570.8
61.3
65.2
69.7
73.0
64.7
66.2
67.7
69.8
19.5
20.5
22.8
23.3
35.9
38.8
41.0
43.3
8.5
8.8
9.1
9.5
116.7
122.9
127.9
130.0
192.1
197.5
204.6
208.4
1140.5 1181.1 1231.4 1267.6
71.1
65.9
72.4
68.0
95.2
90.2
82.9
83.5
85.9
87.6
87.6
87.1
81.1
73.7
70.5
71.4
569.3
565.0
565.2
575.5
633.1
613.1
630.1
638.7
57.4
59.4
61.0
57.2
37.4
36.0
34.6
30.3
302.1
302.6
299.3
289.8
118.1
113.0
102.5
100.9
123.6
127.6
147.7
134.0
157.7
163.5
162.1
164.6
54.1
52.5
46.6
51.7
61.0
62.2
59.0
58.9
300.4
291.8
297.6
285.3
148.3
151.2
166.3
153.2
68.0
64.8
70.0
70.4
211.2
229.4
239.5
240.2
188.8
194.9
198.9
194.4
382.1
368.0
363.9
358.3
320.0
307.1
295.4
309.2
4065.8 4019.4 4053.1 4022.2
18.7
20.3
23.0
23.4
34.9
32.2
30.8
31.5
82.6
86.6
90.6
92.6
1038.0 1054.9 1069.3 1059.1
16.7
17.2
17.8
18.9
51.9
52.8
53.0
54.9
41.1
44.6
46.0
43.3
1284.0 1308.5 1330.4 1323.7
235.7
235.6
248.8
258.9
41.7
42.2
47.8
62.1
58.5
59.3
63.0
61.4
57.1
57.5
62.7
61.0
19.8
21.9
25.0
26.2
28.1
30.7
34.8
34.7
240.1
250.1
272.1
284.5
93.9
99.1
106.2
110.0
98.7
93.4
88.3
83.7
873.7
889.7
948.6
982.4
45.7
53.1
57.4
59.9
144.4
149.6
162.8
165.1
23.7
25.4
27.7
28.1
259.6
262.5
257.9
256.1
198.8
198.9
215.3
234.8
672.3
689.4
721.1
744.0
251.0
256.3
250.7
249.6
40.8
44.2
48.7
54.4
4207.2 4713.0 4987.6 5431.6
38.3
39.1
38.8
39.1
937.5 1034.0 1091.8 1146.1
169.8
183.4
200.3
216.2
1156.0 1104.2 1106.9 1087.8
125.0
127.1
134.1
141.0
44.9
44.4
44.2
43.3
99.4
100.6
99.5
101.0
67.7
69.2
72.9
75.3
45.4
46.0
46.9
48.0
495.0
518.2
531.2
537.2
10.8
11.6
11.9
12.0
247.1
252.2
250.4
252.3
157.6
153.3
169.0
168.6
91.7
101.5
115.1
124.5
72.5
76.8
78.2
84.5
8257.7 8875.1 9278.1 9812.3
21570.7 22257.0 22806.3 23435.2
11062.8 11014.3 11023.7 11015.6
10507.9 11242.7 11782.6 12419.7
2982.6 2931.3 2932.3 2912.9
647.6
303.3
4363.3
5314.2
138.6
590.5
71.6
72.7
24.3
45.5
9.9
128.3
205.7
1287.3
65.1
72.6
86.0
68.2
564.9
627.8
50.5
29.4
279.8
103.4
142.0
159.1
52.8
63.3
278.8
153.7
72.0
252.0
182.8
338.1
297.2
3939.2
24.7
34.7
94.6
1064.2
20.1
55.4
44.1
1337.9
273.5
71.2
61.3
65.1
29.1
38.7
312.3
116.5
83.5
1051.4
64.2
171.2
29.3
254.8
248.4
767.9
247.6
57.4
5794.5
39.8
1262.2
228.6
1062.7
147.5
43.7
106.3
77.3
49.3
540.4
12.9
260.0
173.8
141.3
88.6
10333.7
24031.7
10956.6
13075.2
2851.1
659.3
310.3
4348.7
5318.4
145.4
581.2
74.5
75.0
26.0
48.3
10.3
123.8
212.1
1296.6
64.9
69.8
83.9
69.2
571.8
647.6
51.9
30.4
283.0
110.1
144.5
164.9
52.4
66.3
281.0
162.1
66.3
261.8
163.7
338.9
298.2
3982.7
24.7
34.2
91.6
1067.5
21.5
57.3
44.0
1340.9
279.5
75.3
64.3
68.3
32.8
41.5
338.8
127.4
81.8
1109.7
68.8
181.8
30.3
250.1
257.3
788.4
254.0
61.8
5814.6
38.0
1317.3
234.0
1030.1
150.1
44.4
110.5
82.4
50.3
547.8
13.2
258.1
177.8
157.9
91.4
10433.9
24270.5
11005.0
13265.5
2899.1
663.7
319.4
4347.9
5331.1
147.2
578.9
77.7
74.4
27.3
51.7
10.0
113.8
224.5
1305.6
68.3
85.8
83.3
69.2
556.2
649.7
54.4
31.9
289.8
115.2
149.0
166.6
60.3
65.1
274.6
156.1
61.9
274.4
164.6
339.2
305.9
4021.4
25.0
33.6
94.6
1091.0
22.6
59.1
43.5
1369.3
286.1
86.3
67.4
70.1
34.2
42.3
345.5
129.6
82.1
1143.7
71.0
188.2
30.7
252.7
253.9
796.5
258.2
70.0
6133.2
38.2
1401.7
247.9
1035.1
156.7
43.8
116.0
90.8
51.6
561.0
14.4
264.1
179.8
175.7
109.3
10947.6
24915.2
11082.8
13832.4
2920.1
660.1
325.1
4302.5
5287.7
145.6
589.3
78.6
75.1
28.0
52.7
9.9
109.4
218.1
1306.8
71.3
86.8
87.0
67.9
554.0
652.9
55.3
32.9
295.8
117.3
149.4
170.5
59.4
64.3
275.6
164.3
61.8
297.3
156.0
338.2
303.2
4061.3
24.3
34.5
103.1
1091.2
22.8
60.8
46.3
1383.0
305.2
93.6
67.7
72.9
36.1
45.6
349.5
134.6
85.4
1190.5
76.0
193.2
31.6
255.1
268.9
824.8
259.0
73.4
6604.4
37.0
1471.3
254.7
1042.1
160.6
43.2
127.7
94.4
52.2
576.4
15.0
270.3
176.7
191.6
119.7
11569.8
25623.9
11119.5
14504.4
2952.4
655.8
335.1
4461.6
5452.5
146.8
601.4
82.3
78.3
29.7
54.9
9.2
105.1
223.2
1330.9
68.6
75.1
88.0
70.6
574.0
642.9
53.3
32.0
289.7
114.1
147.1
170.0
59.6
64.8
274.5
163.4
67.6
304.8
159.9
332.8
312.8
4065.5
25.2
38.9
107.3
1109.2
24.2
62.9
48.6
1416.4
314.4
100.2
69.3
74.2
37.7
47.9
344.0
136.0
83.7
1207.4
76.7
199.4
34.4
256.3
280.3
847.2
262.6
81.1
7166.1
36.5
1579.2
267.1
1053.2
170.6
44.4
138.3
99.8
52.9
592.9
16.2
275.5
177.6
209.2
116.0
12339.3
26659.1
11312.8
15346.4
2937.5
648.7
322.6
4411.2
5382.4
139.5
626.3
83.6
80.0
32.9
57.0
9.7
89.8
220.3
1339.0
74.2
93.7
87.0
69.0
562.8
609.4
45.5
34.2
293.9
121.1
134.9
164.0
53.2
59.5
267.5
168.4
72.1
303.9
154.1
324.8
299.0
3992.1
26.1
40.5
106.5
1118.1
25.4
63.1
49.2
1428.8
318.7
131.9
72.3
75.2
38.3
49.9
343.7
138.5
85.2
1253.6
81.5
200.6
40.1
252.6
288.6
863.4
265.9
89.7
7503.4
36.9
1603.7
278.9
1030.3
171.5
44.8
138.6
106.0
54.1
585.3
16.8
274.1
186.5
227.5
127.5
12741.6
27001.0
11168.4
15832.5
2892.5
643.9
313.2
4286.6
5243.6
142.5
620.1
84.3
75.0
32.0
52.7
9.0
58.4
208.7
1282.8
71.7
90.4
81.4
68.8
524.9
571.9
42.6
34.6
282.7
122.4
154.5
157.8
54.1
56.2
255.8
169.2
70.4
305.4
149.0
312.8
294.7
3871.3
22.8
38.7
109.2
1085.4
26.6
65.0
49.4
1397.1
331.6
131.3
74.3
74.9
38.9
50.5
340.9
138.4
84.4
1265.2
78.8
198.6
38.2
239.5
288.9
843.9
265.2
89.1
7779.1
35.2
1560.9
275.2
1004.8
159.6
44.2
137.8
101.8
53.1
574.0
16.9
279.8
176.4
234.5
131.8
12919.3
26823.2
10880.8
15942.4
2770.6
-1.0%
-3.2%
-3.1%
-2.8%
1.9%
-1.3%
0.5%
-6.5%
-2.7%
-7.7%
-7.0%
-35.1%
-5.5%
-4.5%
-3.6%
-3.8%
-6.6%
-0.6%
-7.0%
-6.4%
-6.6%
1.1%
-4.0%
0.8%
14.2%
-4.0%
1.5%
-5.7%
-4.7%
0.2%
-2.5%
0.2%
-3.6%
-4.0%
-1.7%
-3.3%
-12.7%
-4.6%
2.2%
-3.2%
4.4%
2.7%
0.3%
-2.5%
3.8%
-0.7%
2.4%
-0.7%
1.1%
1.1%
-1.1%
-0.3%
-1.2%
0.6%
-3.6%
-1.2%
-5.2%
-5.5%
-0.2%
-2.5%
-0.5%
-0.9%
3.4%
-4.8%
-2.9%
-1.6%
-2.7%
-7.2%
-1.7%
-0.9%
-4.3%
-2.2%
-2.2%
0.6%
1.9%
0.5%
0.6%
1.3%
3.0%
3.4%
2.4%
6.0%
5.6%
2.2%
-3.2%
1.6%
2.1%
0.7%
0.3%
0.6%
-0.5%
0.5%
0.2%
-3.0%
-0.5%
2010
2011
2012
◆
1.8%
-5.7%
2.8%
3.1%
1.1%
-0.9%
-2.8%
0.4%
-4.5%
◆
0.6%
0.2%
0.8%
0.6%
0.3%
-1.0%
2.1%
0.5%
4.5%
-1.2%
-1.5%
-0.2%
0.2%
3.3%
2.9%
3.1%
1.2%
4.7%
2.3%
2.3%
1.5%
3.7%
12.3%
2.7%
3.5%
7.6%
7.5%
4.7%
4.9%
-0.6%
4.5%
6.6%
4.1%
6.4%
0.1%
4.9%
3.2%
0.6%
9.2%
7.3%
-0.5%
6.2%
5.9%
-0.8%
4.0%
0.3%
3.4%
5.5%
2.6%
2.6%
5.3%
1.8%
2.5%
10.9%
6.9%
5.4%
2.9%
0.5%
5.1%
0.2%
Share
2020
2.4%
1.2%
16.0%
19.5%
0.5%
2.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
◆
0.2%
0.8%
4.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
2.0%
2.1%
0.2%
0.1%
1.1%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.2%
0.2%
1.0%
0.6%
0.3%
1.1%
0.6%
1.2%
1.1%
14.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.4%
4.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
5.2%
1.2%
0.5%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
1.3%
0.5%
0.3%
4.7%
0.3%
0.7%
0.1%
0.9%
1.1%
3.1%
1.0%
0.3%
29.0%
0.1%
5.8%
1.0%
3.7%
0.6%
0.2%
0.5%
0.4%
0.2%
2.1%
0.1%
1.0%
0.7%
0.9%
0.5%
48.2%
100.0%
40.6%
59.4%
10.3%
*Based on gross output.
◆Less
than 0.05%.
Note: Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
63
Regional electricity generation by fuel 2020
Percentage
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Nuclear
Hydroelectricity
Renewables
Other (includes sources not specified elsewhere
e.g. pumped hydro, non-renewable waste and
statistical differences)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe
CIS
Middle East
Africa
Asia Pacific
0
Natural gas is the dominant fuel used for power generation in North America, CIS, the Middle East and Africa. More than half of the power in South and Central America
is hydroelectricity, while in Asia, coal comprises 57% of the generation mix – a far higher share than any other region. In Europe, renewables (including biopower) are the
largest source of power generation with 23.8% for the first time, overtaking nuclear on 21.6%. Generation in Europe is spread fairly evenly between renewables, nuclear,
gas (19.6%) and hydro (16.9%).
Share of global electricity generation by fuel
Renewables share of power generation by region
Percentage
Percentage
Hydroelectricity
Nuclear energy
Renewables
Oil
Coal
Natural gas
50
Other
40
88
92
96
00
04
08
12
16
20
25
World
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
CIS
Europe
S. & Cent. America
North America
20
30
15
20
10
10
5
0
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
At a global level, coal is the dominant fuel for power generation, however its share fell 1.3 percentage points to 35.1% in 2020, the lowest level in our data series. The
share of renewables rose to record levels last year (11.7%), with the combined share of renewables and gas-fired power (35.1%) equalling coal for the first time. Europe’s
share of renewables in power generation reached 23.8%, surpassing nuclear energy and making Europe the first region where renewables are the dominant source of
power generation.
64
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
0
Electricity generation by fuel*
2019
Terawatt-hours
Canada
Mexico
US
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Other S. & C. America
Total S. & C. America
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Total Europe
Kazakhstan
Russian Federation
Other CIS
Total CIS
Iran
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
EU
Oil
Natural
Gas
3.2
34.8
19.7
57.8
3.0
9.9
98.5
111.4
4.8
11.8
1.4
1.8
12.3
0.3
0.7
1.1
19.4
53.6
–
12.0
0.8
12.8
82.5
136.6
†
144.8
363.9
27.4
1.3
47.2
75.9
4.7
10.8
5.1
10.6
53.5
1.1
8.1
5.7
1.1
1.4
43.1
145.1
820.5
172.3
648.2
49.2
69.5
187.7
1705.2
1962.4
82.9
60.4
103.2
246.6
90.0
141.7
70.4
14.8
83.2
57.3
10.2
131.9
174.7
774.2
21.3
519.2
151.8
692.3
199.2
206.0
134.3
274.2
813.7
153.5
1.9
182.2
337.5
55.7
232.5
67.5
62.3
363.7
66.8
154.0
91.2
121.8
42.5
239.2
1497.1
6323.8
3358.6
2965.2
566.7
2020
Coal
Nuclear
energy
Hydro
electric
Renewables
Other‡
Total
47.9
32.7
1051.1
1131.7
1.1
24.5
48.8
74.4
171.4
21.3
17.4
121.0
14.1
112.9
47.4
6.9
177.0
689.5
74.1
176.8
4.0
254.9
0.7
–
–
21.9
22.6
–
218.2
37.5
255.7
149.8
4849.7
1184.5
174.5
307.2
75.3
239.6
126.4
35.8
110.8
143.7
7397.4
9826.2
2450.2
7376.0
475.1
100.5
11.4
852.0
963.9
8.4
16.1
–
24.6
75.1
–
3.9
–
58.3
–
83.0
56.2
653.5
930.0
–
209.0
2.2
211.2
6.4
–
–
–
6.4
–
13.6
–
13.6
–
348.7
45.2
–
65.6
–
145.9
32.3
–
–
9.2
646.9
2796.6
1994.6
802.0
765.5
379.7
23.6
285.5
688.7
37.1
397.9
265.9
700.9
20.2
46.4
0.1
2.0
22.5
88.8
6.5
5.9
435.6
627.9
10.0
194.4
44.1
248.5
29.0
–
–
4.2
33.2
13.2
1.0
123.0
137.2
14.1
1272.5
162.0
16.5
73.6
25.8
2.8
5.5
6.3
67.7
144.5
1791.5
4227.9
1444.2
2783.7
317.1
47.1
32.3
483.7
563.1
6.4
117.6
57.4
181.4
222.7
69.5
22.7
23.5
73.8
43.3
5.3
114.6
264.5
840.0
1.1
1.8
0.9
3.8
0.9
1.0
4.2
7.6
13.8
6.5
12.0
19.5
38.0
41.2
742.0
139.2
14.9
111.2
2.6
30.5
7.9
21.4
4.1
34.1
1149.2
2789.2
1599.3
1189.9
658.5
0.7
–
14.0
14.7
0.5
–
†
†
25.2
3.2
5.2
1.0
3.3
1.2
1.0
8.1
28.7
76.9
–
4.9
0.4
5.3
–
–
†
†
†
–
4.6
0.8
5.4
0.3
47.2
0.2
0.1
55.5
–
4.3
5.0
†
0.9
0.8
114.3
216.7
149.1
67.6
60.3
648.7
322.6
4411.2
5382.4
139.5
626.3
573.2
1339.0
609.4
293.9
121.1
164.0
267.5
303.9
154.1
324.8
1753.5
3992.1
106.5
1118.1
204.2
1428.8
318.7
343.7
138.5
452.8
1253.6
200.6
252.6
410.2
863.4
265.9
7503.4
1603.7
278.9
1030.3
171.5
585.3
274.1
186.5
227.5
614.5
12741.6
27001.0
11168.4
15832.5
2892.5
Oil
Natural
Gas
3.3
33.7
18.8
55.8
7.4
7.5
78.6
93.5
4.3
9.7
1.3
1.4
10.7
0.1
0.7
0.9
17.2
46.3
–
10.7
0.8
11.6
82.1
132.8
†
142.6
357.5
25.8
1.4
42.4
69.6
4.5
11.4
4.9
6.8
41.6
0.9
7.0
4.2
0.7
1.2
40.5
123.8
758.0
150.4
607.6
42.7
70.9
183.1
1738.4
1992.4
79.8
56.3
97.4
233.5
91.9
136.2
72.1
16.7
68.7
70.0
13.9
114.1
175.4
759.1
21.3
485.5
151.1
657.9
220.4
207.0
131.2
277.4
836.1
150.0
1.9
180.3
332.2
53.1
247.0
70.8
51.3
353.5
45.6
153.3
99.9
113.9
35.1
233.5
1456.9
6268.1
3360.0
2908.1
552.9
Coal
Nuclear
energy
Hydro
electric
Renewables
Other‡
Total
35.6
18.9
844.1
898.6
2.5
22.9
51.1
76.4
134.8
16.7
8.8
111.0
5.6
106.1
41.2
5.4
145.2
574.8
73.0
152.3
4.2
229.4
0.7
–
–
19.0
19.7
–
202.4
33.6
236.0
142.9
4917.7
1125.2
180.9
298.8
89.6
208.5
126.0
36.8
118.6
141.4
7386.4
9421.4
2067.8
7353.6
373.4
97.5
11.4
831.5
940.4
10.7
15.3
–
26.0
64.4
–
4.1
–
58.2
–
76.2
50.3
584.3
837.4
–
215.9
2.1
218.0
6.3
–
1.6
–
8.0
–
15.6
–
15.6
–
366.2
44.6
–
43.0
–
160.2
31.4
–
–
9.3
654.8
2700.1
1876.7
823.4
687.9
384.7
26.8
288.7
700.2
30.5
396.8
233.1
660.5
18.6
46.7
†
2.1
27.5
78.1
6.3
6.5
469.5
655.3
9.8
212.4
43.4
265.6
21.2
–
–
4.3
25.4
13.1
0.5
128.9
142.6
14.5
1322.0
163.6
19.5
77.5
20.3
3.9
3.0
4.5
69.0
149.3
1847.2
4296.8
1479.7
2817.1
342.0
51.2
39.2
551.7
642.1
11.2
120.3
61.3
192.9
232.4
70.3
32.0
25.6
80.5
49.8
9.7
127.8
292.8
921.0
3.7
3.5
0.9
8.1
1.0
1.0
5.6
11.0
18.6
9.7
12.6
20.0
42.3
49.9
863.1
151.2
16.8
125.6
3.1
37.0
10.3
20.5
9.5
34.9
1322.0
3147.0
1788.6
1358.4
710.4
0.7
–
13.4
14.1
0.4
1.0
†
0.1
25.5
3.1
4.0
1.1
4.6
1.3
1.0
7.7
29.1
77.4
1.4
4.9
0.1
6.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.1
0.6
5.7
0.3
51.6
0.6
†
64.8
–
4.1
4.9
†
1.2
0.8
128.3
231.8
157.6
74.3
61.2
643.9
313.2
4286.6
5243.6
142.5
620.1
520.2
1282.8
571.9
282.7
122.4
157.8
255.8
305.4
149.0
312.8
1713.5
3871.3
109.2
1085.4
202.5
1397.1
331.6
340.9
138.4
454.3
1265.2
198.6
239.5
405.8
843.9
265.2
7779.1
1560.9
275.2
1004.8
159.6
574.0
279.8
176.4
234.5
609.7
12919.3
26823.2
10880.8
15942.4
2770.6
*Based on gross output.
‡Includes sources not specified elsewhere e.g. pumped hydro, non-renewable waste and statistical discrepancies (which can be positive or negative).
†Less than 0.05.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
65
Key minerals for the energy transition
Cobalt production
Mine production
Growth rate per annum
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
Australia
3.9
Canada
4.6
China
1.5
Cuba
4.8
Democratic Republic of Congo 84.0
Madagascar
0.2
Morocco
3.1
New Caledonia
2.9
Papua New Guinea
–
Philippines
2.1
Russian Federation
6.2
South Africa
1.8
Zambia
8.6
Rest of World
5.8
Total World
129.5
3.9
6.8
1.5
5.1
99.5
0.5
2.2
3.1
n/a
2.0
6.1
1.6
7.7
8.3
148.2
5.9
3.7
1.5
4.7
86.4
0.6
2.0
2.7
0.5
2.7
6.3
2.5
5.4
9.9
134.7
6.4
4.0
1.5
4.0
76.6
2.4
2.0
3.2
1.0
2.8
6.3
3.0
5.9
11.4
130.5
6.2
3.9
1.5
3.7
76.5
3.4
2.2
4.0
2.1
4.6
6.3
3.0
4.6
7.5
129.4
6.0
4.3
1.5
4.3
84.4
4.0
2.3
3.7
2.5
4.3
6.2
2.9
3.0
7.1
136.5
5.5
4.2
1.5
5.1
69.0
3.8
2.7
3.4
2.2
4.1
5.5
2.3
5.0
4.8
119.1
5.8
3.7
1.5
5.0
90.3
3.4
2.5
2.8
3.3
4.6
5.9
2.3
2.6
4.0
137.8
4.9
3.5
3.1
4.5
109.4
2.8
2.1
1.7
3.3
4.4
6.1
2.3
1.6
2.8
152.6
5.7
3.3
2.5
4.7
78.0
2.9
2.3
1.2
2.9
4.6
6.3
2.1
4.3
3.0
123.8
5.7
3.2
2.3
4.7
85.9
0.7
1.9
0.7
2.8
4.5
6.3
1.8
4.3
3.1
127.7
-1.0%
-4.3%
-8.3%
-0.5%
9.8%
-75.8%
-17.6%
-45.2%
-4.0%
-3.7%
–1
-14.5%
–1
3.1%
2.9%
Thousand tonnes
Zero (not leap year adjusted).
n/a not available.
Note: Other growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
2009-19
Share
2020
2.1%
4.4%
-1.6%
2.5%
3.1%
1.8%
0.2%
3.7%
3.3% 67.3%
n/a
0.5%
-1.3%
1.5%
-4.7%
0.5%
n/a
2.2%
12.7%
3.5%
0.3%
4.9%
13.2%
1.4%
-3.2%
3.3%
-2.6%
2.4%
2.8% 100.0%
Source: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data.
1
Lithium production
Mine production
Growth rate per annum
Thousand tonnes
of lithium content
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Chile
China
Portugal
US
Zimbabwe
Rest of World
Total World
3.0
8.5
0.2
10.4
4.0
0.8
1.0
0.5
n/a
28.2
3.0
11.7
0.3
13.6
4.1
0.8
1.0
0.5
n/a
35.0
2.7
12.7
0.2
13.9
4.5
0.6
1.0
1.1
–
36.6
2.5
10.1
0.4
11.7
4.7
0.6
0.9
1.0
–
31.9
3.2
12.4
0.2
12.0
2.3
0.3
0.9
0.9
–
32.2
3.6
11.9
0.2
10.9
2.0
0.2
0.9
0.9
–
30.7
5.8
14.0
0.2
15.2
2.3
0.4
0.9
1.0
0.2
40.0
5.7
21.3
0.2
15.8
6.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.1
53.3
6.4
57.0
0.3
18.8
7.1
0.8
0.9
1.6
2.3
95.2
6.3
45.0
2.4
22.1
10.8
0.9
0.9
1.2
0.5
90.2
6.2
40.0
1.9
20.6
14.0
0.9
0.9
1.2
0.5
86.3
-1.9%
-11.4%
-21.0%
-7.0%
29.3%
–1
–1
–1
–1
-4.6%
Zero (not leap year adjusted).
n/a not available.
Note: Other growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
2009-19
Share
2020
11.0%
7.2%
23.4% 46.4%
31.1%
2.2%
14.0% 23.9%
11.1% 16.2%
n/a
1.0%
-5.0%
1.0%
11.6%
1.4%
5.6%
0.6%
16.3% 100.0%
Source: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data.
1
Natural graphite production
Mine production
Growth rate per annum
Thousand tonnes
Brazil1
Canada
China
India2
Madagascar
Mexico
Mozambique
Norway
Russian Federation
Sri Lanka
Turkey
Ukraine
Rest of World
Total World
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
2009-19
92.4
20.0
700.0
115.7
3.8
6.6
n/a
6.3
7.7
3.4
–
2.8
22.4
981.1
105.2
25.0
800.0
153.3
3.6
7.3
n/a
7.8
20.7
3.4
5.3
0.6
19.2
1151.3
88.1
24.0
820.0
134.7
2.9
7.5
n/a
7.0
14.3
4.2
31.5
4.6
17.2
1156.1
91.9
20.0
750.0
146.4
4.3
7.0
n/a
6.2
20.2
3.1
28.7
6.9
20.7
1105.5
87.0
30.0
780.0
116.7
5.3
9.2
n/a
8.3
17.6
4.0
3.9
13.8
31.9
1107.7
75.1
30.0
780.0
134.6
8.1
6.5
n/a
9.2
15.9
4.2
–
14.5
20.6
1098.7
85.0
30.0
780.0
122.4
9.2
3.8
n/a
9.6
19.4
4.0
–
14.6
18.0
1096.1
85.0
40.0
625.0
35.0
13.3
1.7
0.3
9.6
19.5
3.5
–
14.9
14.9
862.7
95.0
40.0
630.0
35.0
48.1
4.1
104.0
12.0
11.9
4.0
16.8
15.0
17.7
1033.5
96.0
11.0
700.0
35.0
53.6
1.6
153.0
16.0
17.5
4.0
10.0
15.0
15.5
1128.2
95.0
10.0
650.0
34.0
29.0
1.6
12.0
15.0
17.5
3.5
10.0
15.0
14.0
906.7
-1.3%
-9.3%
-7.4%
-3.1%
-45.9%
–3
-92.2%
-6.5%
–3
-12.7%
–3
–3
-9.9%
-19.9%
4.9%
-3.1%
4.5%
-11.9%
31.6%
-11.0%
n/a
13.4%
2.3%
2.3%
15.3%
13.3%
-11.7%
Including beneficiated and directly shipped material.
Run of the mine.
Zero (not leap year adjusted).
◆Less than 0.05%.
n/a not available.
Note: Other growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
◆
Share
2020
10.5%
1.1%
71.7%
3.7%
3.2%
0.2%
1.3%
1.7%
1.9%
0.4%
1.1%
1.7%
1.5%
100.0%
Source: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data.
1
2
3
Rare earth metals production
Mine production
Growth rate per annum
Thousand tonnes1
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2020
Australia
Brazil
China
India
Madagascar
Russian Federation
Thailand
US
Rest of World
Total World
–
0.1
89.2
n/a
n/a
1.5
5.6
–
0.6
97.0
2.2
0.1
93.8
n/a
n/a
1.4
3.1
–
0.6
101.3
3.2
1.6
93.8
n/a
n/a
2.1
0.1
3.0
0.3
104.2
1.3
0.3
93.8
0.3
n/a
1.4
0.1
5.5
0.3
103.0
6.2
105.0
1.7
n/a
2.1
1.9
5.4
0.2
122.6
11.9
0.9
105.0
1.0
n/a
2.3
0.8
5.9
0.6
128.3
13.9
2.2
105.0
1.5
n/a
3.1
1.6
–
2.1
129.4
17.3
1.7
105.0
1.5
n/a
2.5
1.3
–
0.6
129.8
18.6
1.1
120.0
2.9
2.0
2.6
1.0
18.0
21.0
187.2
17.6
0.7
132.0
3.0
4.0
2.6
1.9
28.0
26.6
216.4
41.4
1.0
140.0
3.0
8.0
2.6
2.0
38.0
31.6
267.7
134.6%
40.5%
5.8%
–2
99.5%
–2
5.0%
35.3%
18.5%
23.3%
Thousand tonnes of rare earth oxide equivalent.
Zero (not leap year adjusted).
n/a not available.
Note: Other growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
1
2
66
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
2009-19
Share
2020
n/a 15.5%
15.4%
0.4%
0.2% 52.3%
68.8%
1.1%
n/a
3.0%
3.2%
1.0%
-7.2%
0.7%
n/a 14.2%
114.3% 11.8%
4.8% 100.0%
Source: includes data from US Geological Survey, British Geological Survey © UKRI and World Mining Data.
Reserves of key minerals
Cobalt reserves
Natural graphite reserves
Thousand tonnes
Australia
Canada
China
Cuba
Democratic Republic of Congo
Madagascar
Morocco
New Caledonia
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Russian Federation
South Africa
Zambia
Rest of World*
Total World
At end of
2020
Share
R/P ratio
1400
220
80
500
3600
100
14
64
51
260
250
40
270
53
6902
20.3%
3.2%
1.2%
7.2%
52.2%
1.4%
0.2%
0.9%
0.7%
3.8%
3.6%
0.6%
3.9%
0.8%
100.0%
247
69
35
107
42
143
7
94
18
58
40
22
63
17
54
Lithium reserves
Thousand tonnes
At end of
2020
Share
R/P ratio
Brazil
Canada
China
India
Madagascar
Mexico
Mozambique
Norway
Russian Federation
Sri Lanka
Turkey
Ukraine
Rest of World*
Total World
70000
n/a
73000
8000
26000
3100
25000
600
25703
1500
90000
n/a
26600
349503
20.0%
n/a
20.9%
2.3%
7.4%
0.9%
7.2%
0.2%
7.4%
0.4%
25.8%
n/a
7.6%
100.0%
737
n/a
112
235
895
1948
2083
40
1469
428.6
9009.0
n/a
1893
385
Rare earth metals reserves
Thousand tonnes
At end of
2020
Share
R/P ratio
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Chile
China
Portugal
US
Zimbabwe
Rest of World*
Total World
1900
4700
95
9200
1500
60
750
220
530
18955
10.0%
24.8%
0.5%
48.5%
7.9%
0.3%
4.0%
1.2%
2.8%
100%
306
118
50
446
107
67
833
183
994
220
*Rest of World is the sum of only recorded reserves.
n/a not available.
Thousand tonnes
At end of
2020
Share
R/P ratio
Australia
Brazil
China
India
Madagascar
Russian Federation
Thailand
US
Rest of World*
Total World
4100
21000
44000
6900
n/a
20602
n/a
1500
26040
124142
3.3%
16.9%
35.4%
5.6%
n/a
16.6%
n/a
1.2%
21.0%
100.0%
99
21000
314
2300
n/a
7924
n/a
39
824
464
Cobalt prices
Source (for all tables): includes data from US Geological Survey.
Lithium carbonate prices
Thousands of US dollars per tonne*
Thousands of US dollars per tonne†
90
15
80
12
70
60
9
50
40
6
30
20
3
10
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
*2000-2012 spot grade for cathodes, source US Geological Survey. Data from 2013 onwards: min purity 99.8%, source London Metal Exchange.
†2000-2008 unit value, data series 140, source US Geological Survey. Data from 2009 onwards: FOB South America, source Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
67
Appendices
Approximate conversion factors
Crude oil*
Units
From
1 metric tonne
To
Tonnes (metric)
Kilolitres
Barrels
US gallons
Barrels per day
tonnes
(metric)
kilolitres
barrels
Multiply by
1
0.8581
0.1364
0.00325
–
1.165
1
0.159
0.0038
–
7.33
6.2898
1
0.0238
–
US
gallons
tonnes
per year
307.86
264.17
42
1
–
–
–
–
–
49.8
1 kilolitre
1 kilocalorie (kcal)
1 kilojoule (kJ)
*Based on worldwide average gravity.
1 petajoule (Pj)
Products
1 exajoule (EJ)
To convert
Ethane
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Gasoline
Kerosene
Gas oil/diesel
Residual fuel oil
Product basket
barrels
to tonnes
tonnes
to barrels
0.059
0.086
0.120
0.127
0.134
0.157
0.124
16.850
11.600
8.350
7.880
7.460
6.350
8.058
kilolitres
tonnes
tonnes
to tonnes
to kilolitres to gigajoules
Multiply by
0.373
0.541
0.753
0.798
0.843
0.991
0.781
2.679
1.849
1.328
1.253
1.186
1.010
1.281
tonnes
to barrels oil
equivalent
49.400
46.150
44.750
43.920
43.380
41.570
43.076
8.073
7.542
7.313
7.177
7.089
6.793
7.039
Calorific equivalents
Natural gas (NG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG)
From
One exajoule equals approximately:
To
1 billion m3 NG
1 billion ft 3 NG
1 petajoule NG
1 million toe
1 million tonnes LNG
1 trillion Btu
1 million boe
billion cubic
metres NG
billion cubic
feet NG
petajoules
NG
1.000
0.028
0.028
1.163
1.360
0.029
0.170
35.315
1.000
0.981
41.071
48.028
1.035
6.003
36.000
1.019
1.000
41.868
48.747
1.050
6.093
1 British thermal
unit (Btu)
1 tonne of oil
equivalent (toe)
1 barrel of oil equivalent (boe)
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh)
2204.62lb
=
= 1.1023 short tons
= 6.2898 barrels
= 1 cubic metre
= 4.1868kJ
= 3.968Btu
= 1,000 joules
= 0.239 kcal
= 0.948 Btu
= 1 quadrillion joules
(1 x 1015)
= 1 quintillion joules
(1 x 1018)
= 0.252kcal
= 1.055kJ
= 39.683 million Btu
= 41.868 million kJ
= 5.8 million Btu
= 6.119 million kJ
= 860kcal
= 3600kJ
= 3412Btu
million toe million tonnes
LNG
Multiply by
0.860
0.024
0.024
1.000
1.169
0.025
0.146
0.735
0.021
0.021
0.855
1.000
0.022
0.125
trillion Btu
million boe
34.121
0.966
0.952
39.683
46.405
1.000
5.800
5.883
0.167
0.164
6.842
8.001
0.172
1.000
Heat units
Solid fuels
Gaseous fuels
Electricity
39 trillion kilocalories
2
948 trillion Btu
40 million tonnes
of hard coal
95 million tonnes
of lignite and subbituminous coal
See Natural gas and
LNG table
278 terawatt-hours
All fuel energy content is net or lower heating value
(i.e., net of heat of vaporisation of water generated
from combustion).
1 barrel of ethanol = 0.58 barrels of oil equivalent 1 barrel of biodiesel = 0.86 barrels of oil equivalent
1 tonne of ethanol = 0.68 tonnes of oil equivalent
1 tonne of biodiesel = 0.88 tonnes of oil equivalent
Methodology
Methodology for converting non-fossil electricity
generation to primary energy
Primary energy consumption numbers for non-fossil
based electricity (nuclear, hydro, wind, solar,
geothermal, biomass in power and other renewables
sources) are calculated on an ‘input-equivalent’ basis –
i.e. based on the equivalent amount of fossil fuel input
required to generate that amount of electricity in a
standard thermal power plant.
The table below quantifies these assumptions:
36%
2011
38.6%
The thermal efficiency assumption for the standard
power plant is time varying, based on a simplified
representation of measured average efficiency levels:
2001
36.2%
2012
38.8%
2002
36.5%
2013
39.1%
1965-2000: assumed constant efficiency of 36%
2003
36.7%
2014
39.3%
Thermal equivalent efficiency factors
used to convert non-fossil electricity
to primary energy
Year(s)
1965-2000
Efficiency
factor
Year(s)
Efficiency
factor
2004
36.9%
2015
39.5%
2000-2017: a linear increase from 36% to 40% based
on observed data
2005
37.2%
2016
39.8%
2006
37.4%
2017
40.0%
2018 onwards: the annual rate of efficiency
improvement is based on the simplified assumption
that efficiency will increase linearly to 45% by 2050. 2007
37.6%
2018
40.2%
2008
37.9%
2019
40.4%
2009
38.1%
2020
40.5%
2010
38.4%
For more details on the change in methodology please
go to ‘about the review’ at bp.com/statisticalreview.
68
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
Primary energy consumption is reported in net terms.
The gross calorific value to net calorific value
adjustment is fuel specific.
Fuels used as inputs for conversion technologies
(gas‑to-liquids, coal-to-liquids and coal-to-gas) are
counted as production for the source fuel and the
outputs are counted as consumption for the
converted fuel.
Percentages
Calculated before rounding of actuals.
Rounding differences
Because of rounding, some totals may not agree
exactly with the sum of their component parts.
Tonnes
Metric equivalent of tons.
Definitions
Statistics published in this review are taken from
government sources and published data. No use
is made of confidential information obtained by
bp in the course of its business.
Country, regions and geographic
groupings
Country and geographic groupings are
made purely for statistical purposes and are not
intended to imply any judgement about political
or economic standings.
North America
US (excluding US territories), Canada, Mexico.
South & Central America
Caribbean (including Puerto Rico and US Virgin
Islands), Bermuda, Central and South America.
Europe
European members of the OECD plus Albania,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Georgia, Gibraltar, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia
and Ukraine.
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Middle East
Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Syria.
North Africa
Territories on the north coast of Africa from Egypt
to Western Sahara.
West Africa
Territories on the west coast of Africa from Mauritania
to Angola, including Cape Verde, Chad.
East and Southern Africa
Territories on the east coast of Africa from Sudan to
Republic of South Africa. Also Botswana, Madagascar,
Malawi, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Asia Pacific
Brunei, Cambodia, China†, China Hong Kong SAR*,
China Macau SAR*, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia,
Mongolia, North Korea, Philippines, Singapore, South
Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka), South Korea, Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea, Oceania.
†Mainland China.
*Special Administrative Region.
Australasia
Australia, New Zealand.
OECD members
Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK.
Other member countries: Australia, Canada, Chile,
Colombia, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand,
South Korea, US.
OPEC members
Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates.
North Africa: Algeria, Libya.
West Africa: Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria,
Republic of Congo.
South America: Venezuela.
European Union members
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden.
Non-OECD
All countries that are not members of the OECD.
More information
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Acknowledgements
Data compilation: Centre for Energy Economics Research and Policy,
Heriot-Watt University, ceerp.hw.ac.uk
Design and production: Whitehouse Associates, London
bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2021
69
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