Nataliia Klok
Speech pattern
Illustrative
chart
Rule
Model
Scheme
Conceptual
metaphor
Algorithm
Modes
Structural
approach
Present,
practise,
produce
Spiralling
the
syllabus
model
Models
Grammatical
competence
Deductive
(explicit)↓
rule
Ways
Disadvantages:
- isolation
- little attention to
meaning
- mechanical practice
Communicative
approach
Movement
from usage to
understanding
Productive
practise
Clarification/
presentation
model
Advantages:
- saves time
- increase confidence
Inductive
(implicit)
examples↑
- visual aids
- actions
- situations
- students’
knowledge
Repetition
Writing
Direct
Explanation
Story
Comparison