APPENDIX
P R O P E R T Y TA B L E S A N D
CHARTS (SI UNITS)
TABLE A–1
TABLE A–2
TABLE A–3
TABLE A–4
TABLE A–5
TABLE A–6
TABLE A–7
TABLE A–8
FIGURE A–9
FIGURE A–10
TABLE A–11
TABLE A–12
TABLE A–13
FIGURE A–14
TABLE A–15
TABLE A–16
TABLE A–17
TABLE A–18
TABLE A–19
TABLE A–20
TABLE A–21
TABLE A–22
TABLE A–23
TABLE A–24
TABLE A–25
TABLE A–26
FIGURE A–27
FIGURE A–28
1
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 970
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 971
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods 974
Saturated water—Temperature table 976
Saturated water—Pressure table 978
Superheated water 980
Compressed liquid water 984
Saturated ice–water vapor 985
T-s diagram for water 986
Mollier diagram for water 987
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table 988
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table 990
Superheated refrigerant-134a 991
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a 993
Properties of saturated water 994
Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a 995
Properties of saturated ammonia 996
Properties of saturated propane 997
Properties of liquids 998
Properties of liquid metals 999
Ideal-gas properties of air 1000
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure 1002
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure 1003
Properties of solid metals 1005
Properties of solid nonmetals 1008
Emissivities of surfaces 1009
The Moody chart 1011
Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart 1012
969
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970
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–1
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Substance
Formula
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Benzene
Bromine
n-Butane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Chloroform
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12)
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21)
Ethane
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene
Helium
n-Hexane
Hydrogen (normal)
Krypton
Methane
Methyl alcohol
Methyl chloride
Neon
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Oxygen
Propane
Propylene
Sulfur dioxide
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a)
Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11)
Water
Xenon
—
NH3
Ar
C6H6
Br2
C4H10
CO2
CO
CCl4
Cl2
CHCl3
CCl2F2
CHCl2F
C2H6
C2H5OH
C2H4
He
C6H14
H2
Kr
CH4
CH3OH
CH3Cl
Ne
N2
N2O
O2
C3H8
C3H6
SO2
CF3CH2F
CCl3F
H2O
Xe
Molar mass,
M kg/kmol
28.97
17.03
39.948
78.115
159.808
58.124
44.01
28.011
153.82
70.906
119.38
120.91
102.92
30.070
46.07
28.054
4.003
86.179
2.016
83.80
16.043
32.042
50.488
20.183
28.013
44.013
31.999
44.097
42.081
64.063
102.03
137.37
18.015
131.30
Gas
constant,
R kJ/kg·K*
0.2870
0.4882
0.2081
0.1064
0.0520
0.1430
0.1889
0.2968
0.05405
0.1173
0.06964
0.06876
0.08078
0.2765
0.1805
0.2964
2.0769
0.09647
4.1240
0.09921
0.5182
0.2595
0.1647
0.4119
0.2968
0.1889
0.2598
0.1885
0.1976
0.1298
0.08149
0.06052
0.4615
0.06332
Critical-point properties
Temperature,
K
132.5
405.5
151
562
584
425.2
304.2
133
556.4
417
536.6
384.7
451.7
305.5
516
282.4
5.3
507.9
33.3
209.4
191.1
513.2
416.3
44.5
126.2
309.7
154.8
370
365
430.7
374.2
471.2
647.1
289.8
Pressure,
MPa
Volume,
m3/kmol
3.77
11.28
4.86
4.92
10.34
3.80
7.39
3.50
4.56
7.71
5.47
4.01
5.17
4.48
6.38
5.12
0.23
3.03
1.30
5.50
4.64
7.95
6.68
2.73
3.39
7.27
5.08
4.26
4.62
7.88
4.059
4.38
22.06
5.88
0.0883
0.0724
0.0749
0.2603
0.1355
0.2547
0.0943
0.0930
0.2759
0.1242
0.2403
0.2179
0.1973
0.1480
0.1673
0.1242
0.0578
0.3677
0.0649
0.0924
0.0993
0.1180
0.1430
0.0417
0.0899
0.0961
0.0780
0.1998
0.1810
0.1217
0.1993
0.2478
0.0560
0.1186
* The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kPa·m3/kg·K. The gas constant is calculated from R 5 Ru /M, where Ru 5 8.31447 kJ/kmol·K and M is the
molar mass.
Sources of Data: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals.
Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, pp. 16.4, 36.1.
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971
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases
(a) At 300 K
Gas
Formula
Air
Argon
Butane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ethane
Ethylene
Helium
Hydrogen
Methane
Neon
Nitrogen
Octane
Oxygen
Propane
Steam
—
Ar
C4H10
CO2
CO
C2H6
C2H4
He
H2
CH4
Ne
N2
C8H18
O2
C3H8
H2O
Gas constant, R
kJ/kg·K
0.2870
0.2081
0.1433
0.1889
0.2968
0.2765
0.2964
2.0769
4.1240
0.5182
0.4119
0.2968
0.0729
0.2598
0.1885
0.4615
cp
kJ/kg·K
cv
kJ/kg·K
1.005
0.5203
1.7164
0.846
1.040
1.7662
1.5482
5.1926
14.307
2.2537
1.0299
1.039
1.7113
0.918
1.6794
1.8723
0.718
0.3122
1.5734
0.657
0.744
1.4897
1.2518
3.1156
10.183
1.7354
0.6179
0.743
1.6385
0.658
1.4909
1.4108
k
1.400
1.667
1.091
1.289
1.400
1.186
1.237
1.667
1.405
1.299
1.667
1.400
1.044
1.395
1.126
1.327
Note: The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kJ/kg·8C.
Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.
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PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued )
(b) At various temperatures
Temperature,
K
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
cp
kJ/kg·K
cvcp
kJ/kg·K
k
kJ/kg·K
Air
1.003
1.005
1.008
1.013
1.020
1.029
1.040
1.051
1.063
1.075
1.087
1.099
1.121
1.142
0.716
0.718
0.721
0.726
0.733
0.742
0.753
0.764
0.776
0.788
0.800
0.812
0.834
0.855
Carbon dioxide, CO2
1.401
1.400
1.398
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.381
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.359
1.354
1.344
1.336
0.791
0.846
0.895
0.939
0.978
1.014
1.046
1.075
1.102
1.126
1.148
1.169
1.204
1.234
Hydrogen, H2
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
14.051
14.307
14.427
14.476
14.501
14.513
14.530
14.546
14.571
14.604
14.645
14.695
14.822
14.983
9.927
10.183
10.302
10.352
10.377
10.389
10.405
10.422
10.447
10.480
10.521
10.570
10.698
10.859
cvcp
kJ/kg·K
k
kJ/kg·K
0.602
0.657
0.706
0.750
0.790
0.825
0.857
0.886
0.913
0.937
0.959
0.980
1.015
1.045
1.314
1.288
1.268
1.252
1.239
1.229
1.220
1.213
1.207
1.202
1.197
1.193
1.186
1.181
1.039
1.039
1.041
1.044
1.049
1.056
1.065
1.075
1.086
1.098
1.110
1.121
1.145
1.167
0.742
0.743
0.744
0.747
0.752
0.759
0.768
0.778
0.789
0.801
0.813
0.825
0.849
0.870
k
Carbon monoxide, CO
1.039
1.040
1.043
1.047
1.054
1.063
1.075
1.087
1.100
1.113
1.126
1.139
1.163
1.185
Nitrogen, N2
1.416
1.405
1.400
1.398
1.398
1.397
1.396
1.396
1.395
1.394
1.392
1.390
1.385
1.380
cv
kJ/kg·K
0.743
0.744
0.746
0.751
0.757
0.767
0.778
0.790
0.803
0.816
0.829
0.842
0.866
0.888
1.400
1.399
1.398
1.395
1.392
1.387
1.382
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.358
1.353
1.343
1.335
Oxygen, O2
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.397
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.382
1.376
1.371
1.365
1.360
1.349
1.341
0.913
0.918
0.928
0.941
0.956
0.972
0.988
1.003
1.017
1.031
1.043
1.054
1.074
1.090
0.653
0.658
0.668
0.681
0.696
0.712
0.728
0.743
0.758
0.771
0.783
0.794
0.814
0.830
1.398
1.395
1.389
1.382
1.373
1.365
1.358
1.350
1.343
1.337
1.332
1.327
1.319
1.313
Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983, p. 783, Table A–4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal
Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.
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APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–2
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded )
(c) As a function of temperature
_
cp 5 a 1 bT 1 cT 2 1 dT 3
(T in K, cp in kJ/kmol·K)
Substance
Formula
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Air
Hydrogen
Carbon
monoxide
Carbon
dioxide
Water vapor
Nitric oxide
Nitrous oxide
Nitrogen
dioxide
Ammonia
Sulfur
Sulfur
dioxide
Sulfur
trioxide
Acetylene
Benzene
Methanol
Ethanol
Hydrogen
chloride
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
i-Butane
n-Pentane
n-Hexane
Ethylene
Propylene
N2
O2
—
H2
28.90
25.48
28.11
29.11
CO
28.16
CO2
H2O
NO
N2O
22.26
5.981 3
32.24
0.1923 3
29.34 20.09395 3
24.11
5.8632 3
NO2
NH3
S2
22.9
27.568
27.21
SO2
25.78
SO3
C2H2
C6H6
CH4O
C2H6O
HCl
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C2H4
C3H6
a
16.40
21.8
236.22
19.0
19.9
b
c
273–1800
273–1800
273–1800
273–1800
0.59
1.19
0.72
1.01
0.34
0.28
0.33
0.26
0.5372 3 1025
22.222 3 1029
273–1800
0.89
0.37
1022
1022
1022
1022
23.501 3 1025
1.055 3 1025
0.9747 3 1025
23.562 3 1025
7.469
23.595
24.187
10.58
1029
1029
1029
1029
273–1800
273–1800
273–1500
273–1500
0.67
0.53
0.97
0.59
0.22
0.24
0.36
0.26
5.715 3 1022
2.5630 3 1022
2.218 3 1022
23.52 3 1025
0.99072 3 1025
21.628 3 1025
7.87 3 1029
26.6909 3 1029
3.986 3 1029
273–1500
273–1500
273–1800
0.46
0.91
0.99
0.18
0.36
0.38
5.795 3 1022
23.812 3 1025
8.612 3 1029
273–1800
0.45
0.24
3
3
3
3
0.1675 3 1022
14.58
9.2143
48.475
9.152
20.96
0.8081
20.7155
0.4802
0.4003
d
1029
1029
1029
1029
20.1571
1.520
0.1967
20.1916
1022
1022
1022
1022
% error
Temperature
range, K
Max. Avg.
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
22.873
1.312
21.966
20.8704
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1022
1022
1022
1022
1022
211.20
26.527
231.57
21.22
210.38
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
32.42
18.21
77.62
28.039
20.05
3
3
3
3
3
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
273–1300
273–1500
273–1500
273–1000
273–1500
0.29
1.46
0.34
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.59
0.20
0.08
0.22
30.33
20.7620 3 1022
19.89
5.024 3 1022
6.900
17.27 3 1022
24.04
30.48 3 1022
3.96
37.15 3 1022
27.913
41.60 3 1022
6.774
45.43 3 1022
6.938
55.22 3 1022
3.95
15.64 3 1022
3.15
23.83 3 1022
1.327
1.269
26.406
215.72
218.34
223.01
222.46
228.65
28.344
212.18
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
24.338
211.01
7.285
31.74
35.00
49.91
42.29
57.69
17.67
24.62
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
0.22
1.33
0.83
0.40
0.54
0.25
0.56
0.72
0.54
0.73
0.08
0.57
0.28
0.12
0.24
0.13
0.21
0.20
0.13
0.17
3
3
3
3
3
Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984.
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974
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–3
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods
(a) Liquids
Boiling data at 1 atm
Substance
Normal
boiling
point, 8C
Freezing data
Latent heat of
vaporization
Freezing
hfg , kJ/kg
point, 8C
Liquid properties
Latent heat
of fusion
Temperature,
Density
hif , kJ/kg
8C
r, kg/m3
Ammonia
233.3
1357
277.7
322.4
233.3
220
0
25
Argon
2185.9
161.6
2189.3
28
2185.6
Benzene
80.2
394
5.5
126
20
Brine (20% sodium
chloride by mass)
103.9
—
217.4
—
20
n-Butane
20.5
385.2
2138.5
80.3
20.5
Carbon dioxide
278.4* 230.5 (at 08C)
256.6
0
Ethanol
78.2
838.3
2114.2
109
25
Ethyl alcohol
78.6
855
2156
108
20
Ethylene glycol
198.1
800.1
210.8
181.1
20
Glycerine
179.9
974
18.9
200.6
20
Helium
2268.9
22.8
—
—
2268.9
Hydrogen
2252.8
445.7
2259.2
59.5
2252.8
Isobutane
211.7
367.1
2160
105.7
211.7
Kerosene
204–293
251
224.9
—
20
Mercury
356.7
294.7
238.9
11.4
25
Methane
2161.5
510.4
2182.2
58.4
2161.5
2100
Methanol
64.5
1100
297.7
99.2
25
Nitrogen
2195.8
198.6
2210
25.3
2195.8
2160
Octane
124.8
306.3
257.5
180.7
20
Oil (light)
25
Oxygen
2183
212.7
2218.8
13.7
2183
Petroleum
—
230–384
20
Propane
242.1
427.8
2187.7
80.0
242.1
0
50
Refrigerant2134a
226.1
217.0
296.6
—
250
226.1
0
25
Water
100
2257
0.0
333.7
0
25
50
75
100
Specific
heat
cp, kJ/kg·K
682
665
639
602
1394
879
4.43
4.52
4.60
4.80
1.14
1.72
1150
601
298
783
789
1109
1261
146.2
70.7
593.8
820
13,560
423
301
787
809
596
703
910
1141
640
581
529
449
1443
1374
1295
1207
1000
997
988
975
958
3.11
2.31
0.59
2.46
2.84
2.84
2.32
22.8
10.0
2.28
2.00
0.139
3.49
5.79
2.55
2.06
2.97
2.10
1.80
1.71
2.0
2.25
2.53
3.13
1.23
1.27
1.34
1.43
4.22
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.22
* Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point
­temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 256.58C.)
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APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–3
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded)
(b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)
Density,
r kg/m3
Substance
Specific heat,
cp kJ/kg·K
Substance
Density,
r kg/m3
Metals
Nonmetals
Aluminum
200 K
0.797
250 K
0.859
300 K
2,700
0.902
350 K
0.929
400 K
0.949
450 K
0.973
500 K
0.997
Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn,
8,280
0.400
2% Al)
Brass, yellow (65% Cu,
8,310
0.400
35% Zn)
Copper
21738C
0.254
21008C
0.342
2508C
0.367
08C
0.381
278C
8,900
0.386
1008C
0.393
2008C
0.403
Iron
7,840
0.45
Lead
11,310
0.128
Magnesium
1,730
1.000
Nickel
8,890
0.440
Silver
10,470
0.235
Steel, mild
7,830
0.500
Tungsten
19,400
0.130
Asphalt
2110
Brick, common
1922
Brick, fireclay (5008C)
2300
Concrete
2300
Clay
1000
Diamond
2420
Glass, window
2700
Glass, pyrex
2230
Graphite
2500
Granite
2700
Gypsum or plaster board
800
Ice
200 K
220 K
240 K
260 K
273 K
921
Limestone
1650
Marble
2600
Plywood (Douglas Fir)
545
Rubber (soft)
1100
Rubber (hard)
1150
Sand
1520
Stone
1500
Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.)
721
Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)
513
Specific heat,
cp kJ/kg·K
0.920
0.79
0.960
0.653
0.920
0.616
0.800
0.840
0.711
1.017
1.09
1.56
1.71
1.86
2.01
2.11
0.909
0.880
1.21
1.840
2.009
0.800
0.800
1.26
1.38
(c) Foods
Specific heat,
Specific heat,
Latent
Latent
kJ/kg·K
kJ/kg·K
Waterheat of
Waterheat of
content,
Freezing Above
Below
fusion,
content,
Freezing Above
Below
fusion,
Food
% (mass) point, 8C freezing freezing kJ/kg
Food
% (mass) point, 8C freezing freezing kJ/kg
Apples
Bananas
Beef round
Broccoli
Butter
Cheese, Swiss
Cherries
Chicken
Corn, sweet
Eggs, whole
Ice cream
84
75
67
90
16
39
80
74
74
74
63
21.1
20.8
—
20.6
—
210.0
21.8
22.8
20.6
20.6
25.6
3.65
3.35
3.08
3.86
—
2.15
3.52
3.32
3.32
3.32
2.95
1.90
1.78
1.68
1.97
1.04
1.33
1.85
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.63
281
251
224
301
53
130
267
247
247
247
210
Lettuce
Milk, whole
Oranges
Potatoes
Salmon fish
Shrimp
Spinach
Strawberries
Tomatoes, ripe
Turkey
Watermelon
95
88
87
78
64
83
93
90
94
64
93
20.2
20.6
20.8
20.6
22.2
22.2
20.3
20.8
20.5
—
20.4
4.02
3.79
3.75
3.45
2.98
3.62
3.96
3.86
3.99
2.98
3.96
2.04
1.95
1.94
1.82
1.65
1.89
2.01
1.97
2.02
1.65
2.01
317
294
291
261
214
277
311
301
314
214
311
Source of Data: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE,
Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Chap. 30, Table 1.
Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 975
12/11/15 6:45 PM
976
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 4
Saturated water—Temperature table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Temp.,
T 8C
Sat.
press.,
Psat kPa
0.01
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid, Evap.,
uf
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
Evap.,
hf
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat. Sat.
liquid, Evap., vapor,
sf
sfg
sg
0.6117
0.8725
1.2281
1.7057
2.3392
0.001000
0.001000
0.001000
0.001001
0.001002
206.00
147.03
106.32
77.885
57.762
0.000
21.019
42.020
62.980
83.913
2374.9
2360.8
2346.6
2332.5
2318.4
2374.9
2381.8
2388.7
2395.5
2402.3
0.001
21.020
42.022
62.982
83.915
2500.9
2489.1
2477.2
2465.4
2453.5
2500.9
2510.1
2519.2
2528.3
2537.4
0.0000
0.0763
0.1511
0.2245
0.2965
9.1556
8.9487
8.7488
8.5559
8.3696
9.1556
9.0249
8.8999
8.7803
8.6661
3.1698
4.2469
5.6291
7.3851
9.5953
0.001003
0.001004
0.001006
0.001008
0.001010
43.340
32.879
25.205
19.515
15.251
104.83
125.73
146.63
167.53
188.43
2304.3
2290.2
2276.0
2261.9
2247.7
2409.1
2415.9
2422.7
2429.4
2436.1
104.83
125.74
146.64
167.53
188.44
2441.7
2429.8
2417.9
2406.0
2394.0
2546.5
2555.6
2564.6
2573.5
2582.4
0.3672
0.4368
0.5051
0.5724
0.6386
8.1895
8.0152
7.8466
7.6832
7.5247
8.5567
8.4520
8.3517
8.2556
8.1633
50
55
60
65
70
12.352
15.763
19.947
25.043
31.202
0.001012
0.001015
0.001017
0.001020
0.001023
12.026
9.5639
7.6670
6.1935
5.0396
209.33
230.24
251.16
272.09
293.04
2233.4
2219.1
2204.7
2190.3
2175.8
2442.7
2449.3
2455.9
2462.4
2468.9
209.34
230.26
251.18
272.12
293.07
2382.0
2369.8
2357.7
2345.4
2333.0
2591.3
2600.1
2608.8
2617.5
2626.1
0.7038
0.7680
0.8313
0.8937
0.9551
7.3710
7.2218
7.0769
6.9360
6.7989
8.0748
7.9898
7.9082
7.8296
7.7540
75
80
85
90
95
38.597
47.416
57.868
70.183
84.609
0.001026
0.001029
0.001032
0.001036
0.001040
4.1291
3.4053
2.8261
2.3593
1.9808
313.99
334.97
355.96
376.97
398.00
2161.3
2146.6
2131.9
2117.0
2102.0
2475.3
2481.6
2487.8
2494.0
2500.1
314.03
335.02
356.02
377.04
398.09
2320.6
2308.0
2295.3
2282.5
2269.6
2634.6
2643.0
2651.4
2659.6
2667.6
1.0158
1.0756
1.1346
1.1929
1.2504
6.6655
6.5355
6.4089
6.2853
6.1647
7.6812
7.6111
7.5435
7.4782
7.4151
100
105
110
115
120
101.42
120.90
143.38
169.18
198.67
0.001043
0.001047
0.001052
0.001056
0.001060
1.6720
1.4186
1.2094
1.0360
0.89133
419.06
440.15
461.27
482.42
503.60
2087.0
2071.8
2056.4
2040.9
2025.3
2506.0
2511.9
2517.7
2523.3
2528.9
419.17
440.28
461.42
482.59
503.81
2256.4
2243.1
2229.7
2216.0
2202.1
2675.6
2683.4
2691.1
2698.6
2706.0
1.3072
1.3634
1.4188
1.4737
1.5279
6.0470
5.9319
5.8193
5.7092
5.6013
7.3542
7.2952
7.2382
7.1829
7.1292
125
130
135
140
145
232.23
270.28
313.22
361.53
415.68
0.001065
0.001070
0.001075
0.001080
0.001085
0.77012
0.66808
0.58179
0.50850
0.44600
524.83
546.10
567.41
588.77
610.19
2009.5
1993.4
1977.3
1960.9
1944.2
2534.3
2539.5
2544.7
2549.6
2554.4
525.07
546.38
567.75
589.16
610.64
2188.1
2173.7
2159.1
2144.3
2129.2
2713.1
2720.1
2726.9
2733.5
2739.8
1.5816
1.6346
1.6872
1.7392
1.7908
5.4956
5.3919
5.2901
5.1901
5.0919
7.0771
7.0265
6.9773
6.9294
6.8827
150
155
160
165
170
476.16
543.49
618.23
700.93
792.18
0.001091
0.001096
0.001102
0.001108
0.001114
0.39248
0.34648
0.30680
0.27244
0.24260
631.66
653.19
674.79
696.46
718.20
1927.4
1910.3
1893.0
1875.4
1857.5
2559.1
2563.5
2567.8
2571.9
2575.7
632.18
653.79
675.47
697.24
719.08
2113.8
2098.0
2082.0
2065.6
2048.8
2745.9
2751.8
2757.5
2762.8
2767.9
1.8418
1.8924
1.9426
1.9923
2.0417
4.9953
4.9002
4.8066
4.7143
4.6233
6.8371
6.7927
6.7492
6.7067
6.6650
175
180
185
190
195
200
892.60
1002.8
1123.5
1255.2
1398.8
1554.9
0.001121
0.001127
0.001134
0.001141
0.001149
0.001157
0.21659
0.19384
0.17390
0.15636
0.14089
0.12721
740.02
761.92
783.91
806.00
828.18
850.46
1839.4
1820.9
1802.1
1783.0
1763.6
1743.7
2579.4
2582.8
2586.0
2589.0
2591.7
2594.2
741.02
763.05
785.19
807.43
829.78
852.26
2031.7
2014.2
1996.2
1977.9
1959.0
1939.8
2772.7
2777.2
2781.4
2785.3
2788.8
2792.0
2.0906
2.1392
2.1875
2.2355
2.2831
2.3305
4.5335
4.4448
4.3572
4.2705
4.1847
4.0997
6.6242
6.5841
6.5447
6.5059
6.4678
6.4302
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 976
12/11/15 6:45 PM
977
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–4
Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Temp.,
T 8C
Sat.
press.,
Psat kPa
205
210
215
220
225
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid, Evap.,
uf
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
Evap.,
hf
hfg
1724.3
1907.7
2105.9
2319.6
2549.7
0.001164
0.001173
0.001181
0.001190
0.001199
0.11508
0.10429
0.094680
0.086094
0.078405
872.86
895.38
918.02
940.79
963.70
1723.5
1702.9
1681.9
1660.5
1638.6
2596.4
2598.3
2599.9
2601.3
2602.3
874.87
897.61
920.50
943.55
966.76
230
235
240
245
250
2797.1
3062.6
3347.0
3651.2
3976.2
0.001209
0.001219
0.001229
0.001240
0.001252
0.071505
0.065300
0.059707
0.054656
0.050085
986.76
1010.0
1033.4
1056.9
1080.7
1616.1
1593.2
1569.8
1545.7
1521.1
2602.9
2603.2
2603.1
2602.7
2601.8
255
260
265
270
275
4322.9
4692.3
5085.3
5503.0
5946.4
0.001263
0.001276
0.001289
0.001303
0.001317
0.045941
0.042175
0.038748
0.035622
0.032767
1104.7
1128.8
1153.3
1177.9
1202.9
1495.8
1469.9
1443.2
1415.7
1387.4
280
285
290
295
300
6416.6
6914.6
7441.8
7999.0
8587.9
0.001333
0.001349
0.001366
0.001384
0.001404
0.030153
0.027756
0.025554
0.023528
0.021659
1228.2
1253.7
1279.7
1306.0
1332.7
305
310
315
320
325
9209.4
9865.0
10,556
11,284
12,051
0.001425
0.001447
0.001472
0.001499
0.001528
0.019932
0.018333
0.016849
0.015470
0.014183
330
335
340
345
350
12,858
13,707
14,601
15,541
16,529
0.001560
0.001597
0.001638
0.001685
0.001741
355
360
365
370
373.95
17,570
18,666
19,822
21,044
22,064
0.001808
0.001895
0.002015
0.002217
0.003106
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat. Sat.
liquid, Evap., vapor,
sf
sfg
sg
1920.0
1899.7
1878.8
1857.4
1835.4
2794.8
2797.3
2799.3
2801.0
2802.2
2.3776
2.4245
2.4712
2.5176
2.5639
4.0154
3.9318
3.8489
3.7664
3.6844
6.3930
6.3563
6.3200
6.2840
6.2483
990.14
1013.7
1037.5
1061.5
1085.7
1812.8
1789.5
1765.5
1740.8
1715.3
2802.9
2803.2
2803.0
2802.2
2801.0
2.6100
2.6560
2.7018
2.7476
2.7933
3.6028
3.5216
3.4405
3.3596
3.2788
6.2128
6.1775
6.1424
6.1072
6.0721
2600.5
2598.7
2596.5
2593.7
2590.3
1110.1
1134.8
1159.8
1185.1
1210.7
1689.0
1661.8
1633.7
1604.6
1574.5
2799.1
2796.6
2793.5
2789.7
2785.2
2.8390
2.8847
2.9304
2.9762
3.0221
3.1979
3.1169
3.0358
2.9542
2.8723
6.0369
6.0017
5.9662
5.9305
5.8944
1358.2
1328.1
1296.9
1264.5
1230.9
2586.4
2581.8
2576.5
2570.5
2563.6
1236.7
1263.1
1289.8
1317.1
1344.8
1543.2
1510.7
1476.9
1441.6
1404.8
2779.9
2773.7
2766.7
2758.7
2749.6
3.0681
3.1144
3.1608
3.2076
3.2548
2.7898
2.7066
2.6225
2.5374
2.4511
5.8579
5.8210
5.7834
5.7450
5.7059
1360.0
1387.7
1416.1
1445.1
1475.0
1195.9
1159.3
1121.1
1080.9
1038.5
2555.8
2547.1
2537.2
2526.0
2513.4
1373.1
1402.0
1431.6
1462.0
1493.4
1366.3
1325.9
1283.4
1238.5
1191.0
2739.4
2727.9
2715.0
2700.6
2684.3
3.3024
3.3506
3.3994
3.4491
3.4998
2.3633
2.2737
2.1821
2.0881
1.9911
5.6657
5.6243
5.5816
5.5372
5.4908
0.012979
0.011848
0.010783
0.009772
0.008806
1505.7
1537.5
1570.7
1605.5
1642.4
993.5
945.5
893.8
837.7
775.9
2499.2
2483.0
2464.5
2443.2
2418.3
1525.8
1559.4
1594.6
1631.7
1671.2
1140.3
1086.0
1027.4
963.4
892.7
2666.0
2645.4
2622.0
2595.1
2563.9
3.5516
3.6050
3.6602
3.7179
3.7788
1.8906
1.7857
1.6756
1.5585
1.4326
5.4422
5.3907
5.3358
5.2765
5.2114
0.007872
0.006950
0.006009
0.004953
0.003106
1682.2
1726.2
1777.2
1844.5
2015.7
706.4
625.7
526.4
385.6
0
2388.6
2351.9
2303.6
2230.1
2015.7
1714.0
1761.5
1817.2
1891.2
2084.3
812.9
720.1
605.5
443.1
0
2526.9
2481.6
2422.7
2334.3
2084.3
3.8442
3.9165
4.0004
4.1119
4.4070
1.2942
1.1373
0.9489
0.6890
0
5.1384
5.0537
4.9493
4.8009
4.4070
Source of Data: Tables A–4 through A–8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado.
The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of
Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This
formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also
available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference
Data, 16, p. 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and
Pruss (Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data, 22, p. 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the
Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 977
12/11/15 6:45 PM
978
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–5
Saturated water—Pressure table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Press.,
P kPa
Sat.
temp.,
Tsat 8C
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Sat.
liquid,
Evap.,
uf
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
Evap.,
hf
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid, Evap.,
sf
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
6.97
13.02
17.50
21.08
24.08
0.001000 129.19
0.001001 87.964
0.001001 66.990
0.001002 54.242
0.001003 45.654
29.302
54.686
73.431
88.422
100.98
2355.2
2338.1
2325.5
2315.4
2306.9
2384.5
2392.8
2398.9
2403.8
2407.9
29.303
54.688
73.433
88.424
100.98
2484.4
2470.1
2459.5
2451.0
2443.9
2513.7
2524.7
2532.9
2539.4
2544.8
0.1059
0.1956
0.2606
0.3118
0.3543
8.8690
8.6314
8.4621
8.3302
8.2222
8.9749
8.8270
8.7227
8.6421
8.5765
4.0
5.0
7.5
10
15
28.96
32.87
40.29
45.81
53.97
0.001004
0.001005
0.001008
0.001010
0.001014
121.39
137.75
168.74
191.79
225.93
2293.1
2282.1
2261.1
2245.4
2222.1
2414.5
2419.8
2429.8
2437.2
2448.0
121.39
137.75
168.75
191.81
225.94
2432.3
2423.0
2405.3
2392.1
2372.3
2553.7
2560.7
2574.0
2583.9
2598.3
0.4224
0.4762
0.5763
0.6492
0.7549
8.0510
7.9176
7.6738
7.4996
7.2522
8.4734
8.3938
8.2501
8.1488
8.0071
20
25
30
40
50
60.06
64.96
69.09
75.86
81.32
0.001017
0.001020
0.001022
0.001026
0.001030
7.6481
6.2034
5.2287
3.9933
3.2403
251.40
271.93
289.24
317.58
340.49
2204.6
2190.4
2178.5
2158.8
2142.7
2456.0
2462.4
2467.7
2476.3
2483.2
251.42
271.96
289.27
317.62
340.54
2357.5
2345.5
2335.3
2318.4
2304.7
2608.9
2617.5
2624.6
2636.1
2645.2
0.8320
0.8932
0.9441
1.0261
1.0912
7.0752
6.9370
6.8234
6.6430
6.5019
7.9073
7.8302
7.7675
7.6691
7.5931
75
100
101.325
125
150
91.76
99.61
99.97
105.97
111.35
0.001037
0.001043
0.001043
0.001048
0.001053
2.2172
1.6941
1.6734
1.3750
1.1594
384.36
417.40
418.95
444.23
466.97
2111.8
2088.2
2087.0
2068.8
2052.3
2496.1
2505.6
2506.0
2513.0
2519.2
384.44
417.51
419.06
444.36
467.13
2278.0
2257.5
2256.5
2240.6
2226.0
2662.4
2675.0
2675.6
2684.9
2693.1
1.2132
1.3028
1.3069
1.3741
1.4337
6.2426
6.0562
6.0476
5.9100
5.7894
7.4558
7.3589
7.3545
7.2841
7.2231
175
200
225
250
275
116.04
120.21
123.97
127.41
130.58
0.001057
0.001061
0.001064
0.001067
0.001070
1.0037
0.88578
0.79329
0.71873
0.65732
486.82
504.50
520.47
535.08
548.57
2037.7
2024.6
2012.7
2001.8
1991.6
2524.5
2529.1
2533.2
2536.8
2540.1
487.01
504.71
520.71
535.35
548.86
2213.1
2201.6
2191.0
2181.2
2172.0
2700.2
2706.3
2711.7
2716.5
2720.9
1.4850
1.5302
1.5706
1.6072
1.6408
5.6865
5.5968
5.5171
5.4453
5.3800
7.1716
7.1270
7.0877
7.0525
7.0207
300
325
350
375
400
133.52
136.27
138.86
141.30
143.61
0.001073
0.001076
0.001079
0.001081
0.001084
0.60582
0.56199
0.52422
0.49133
0.46242
561.11
572.84
583.89
594.32
604.22
1982.1
1973.1
1964.6
1956.6
1948.9
2543.2
2545.9
2548.5
2550.9
2553.1
561.43
573.19
584.26
594.73
604.66
2163.5
2155.4
2147.7
2140.4
2133.4
2724.9
2728.6
2732.0
2735.1
2738.1
1.6717
1.7005
1.7274
1.7526
1.7765
5.3200
5.2645
5.2128
5.1645
5.1191
6.9917
6.9650
6.9402
6.9171
6.8955
450
500
550
600
650
147.90
151.83
155.46
158.83
161.98
0.001088
0.001093
0.001097
0.001101
0.001104
0.41392
0.37483
0.34261
0.31560
0.29260
622.65
639.54
655.16
669.72
683.37
1934.5
1921.2
1908.8
1897.1
1886.1
2557.1
2560.7
2563.9
2566.8
2569.4
623.14
640.09
655.77
670.38
684.08
2120.3
2108.0
2096.6
2085.8
2075.5
2743.4
2748.1
2752.4
2756.2
2759.6
1.8205
1.8604
1.8970
1.9308
1.9623
5.0356
4.9603
4.8916
4.8285
4.7699
6.8561
6.8207
6.7886
6.7593
6.7322
700
750
164.95
167.75
0.001108
0.001111
0.27278 696.23
0.25552 708.40
1875.6
1865.6
2571.8
2574.0
697.00
709.24
2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071
2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 978
34.791
28.185
19.233
14.670
10.020
12/11/15 6:45 PM
979
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–5
Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded)
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Press.,
P kPa
Sat.
temp.,
Tsat 8C
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid, Evap.,
uf
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid, Evap.,
hf
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid, Evap.,
sf
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
800
850
900
950
1000
170.41
172.94
175.35
177.66
179.88
0.001115
0.001118
0.001121
0.001124
0.001127
0.24035
0.22690
0.21489
0.20411
0.19436
719.97
731.00
741.55
751.67
761.39
1856.1
1846.9
1838.1
1829.6
1821.4
2576.0
2577.9
2579.6
2581.3
2582.8
720.87
731.95
742.56
752.74
762.51
2047.5
2038.8
2030.5
2022.4
2014.6
2768.3
2770.8
2773.0
2775.2
2777.1
2.0457
2.0705
2.0941
2.1166
2.1381
4.6160
4.5705
4.5273
4.4862
4.4470
6.6616
6.6409
6.6213
6.6027
6.5850
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
184.06
187.96
191.60
195.04
198.29
0.001133
0.001138
0.001144
0.001149
0.001154
0.17745
0.16326
0.15119
0.14078
0.13171
779.78
796.96
813.10
828.35
842.82
1805.7
1790.9
1776.8
1763.4
1750.6
2585.5
2587.8
2589.9
2591.8
2593.4
781.03
798.33
814.59
829.96
844.55
1999.6
1985.4
1971.9
1958.9
1946.4
2780.7
2783.8
2786.5
2788.9
2791.0
2.1785
2.2159
2.2508
2.2835
2.3143
4.3735
4.3058
4.2428
4.1840
4.1287
6.5520
6.5217
6.4936
6.4675
6.4430
1750
2000
2250
2500
3000
205.72
212.38
218.41
223.95
233.85
0.001166
0.001177
0.001187
0.001197
0.001217
0.11344
876.12
0.099587
906.12
0.088717
933.54
0.079952
958.87
0.066667 1004.6
1720.6
1693.0
1667.3
1643.2
1598.5
2596.7 878.16
2599.1 908.47
2600.9 936.21
2602.1 961.87
2603.2 1008.3
1917.1
1889.8
1864.3
1840.1
1794.9
2795.2
2798.3
2800.5
2801.9
2803.2
2.3844
2.4467
2.5029
2.5542
2.6454
4.0033
3.8923
3.7926
3.7016
3.5402
6.3877
6.3390
6.2954
6.2558
6.1856
3500
4000
5000
6000
7000
242.56
250.35
263.94
275.59
285.83
0.001235
0.001252
0.001286
0.001319
0.001352
0.057061
0.049779
0.039448
0.032449
0.027378
1045.4
1082.4
1148.1
1205.8
1258.0
1557.6
1519.3
1448.9
1384.1
1323.0
2603.0
2601.7
2597.0
2589.9
2581.0
1049.7
1087.4
1154.5
1213.8
1267.5
1753.0
1713.5
1639.7
1570.9
1505.2
2802.7
2800.8
2794.2
2784.6
2772.6
2.7253
2.7966
2.9207
3.0275
3.1220
3.3991
3.2731
3.0530
2.8627
2.6927
6.1244
6.0696
5.9737
5.8902
5.8148
8000
9000
10,000
11,000
12,000
295.01
303.35
311.00
318.08
324.68
0.001384
0.001418
0.001452
0.001488
0.001526
0.023525
0.020489
0.018028
0.015988
0.014264
1306.0
1350.9
1393.3
1433.9
1473.0
1264.5
1207.6
1151.8
1096.6
1041.3
2570.5
2558.5
2545.2
2530.4
2514.3
1317.1
1363.7
1407.8
1450.2
1491.3
1441.6
1379.3
1317.6
1256.1
1194.1
2758.7
2742.9
2725.5
2706.3
2685.4
3.2077
3.2866
3.3603
3.4299
3.4964
2.5373
2.3925
2.2556
2.1245
1.9975
5.7450
5.6791
5.6159
5.5544
5.4939
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
330.85
336.67
342.16
347.36
352.29
0.001566
0.001610
0.001657
0.001710
0.001770
0.012781
0.011487
0.010341
0.009312
0.008374
1511.0
1548.4
1585.5
1622.6
1660.2
985.5
928.7
870.3
809.4
745.1
2496.6
2477.1
2455.7
2432.0
2405.4
1531.4
1571.0
1610.3
1649.9
1690.3
1131.3
1067.0
1000.5
931.1
857.4
2662.7
2637.9
2610.8
2581.0
2547.7
3.5606
3.6232
3.6848
3.7461
3.8082
1.8730
1.7497
1.6261
1.5005
1.3709
5.4336
5.3728
5.3108
5.2466
5.1791
18,000
19,000
20,000
21,000
22,000
22,064
356.99
361.47
365.75
369.83
373.71
373.95
0.001840
0.001926
0.002038
0.002207
0.002703
0.003106
0.007504
0.006677
0.005862
0.004994
0.003644
0.003106
1699.1
1740.3
1785.8
1841.6
1951.7
2015.7
675.9
598.9
509.0
391.9
140.8
0
2375.0
2339.2
2294.8
2233.5
2092.4
2015.7
1732.2
1776.8
1826.6
1888.0
2011.1
2084.3
777.8
689.2
585.5
450.4
161.5
0
2510.0
2466.0
2412.1
2338.4
2172.6
2084.3
3.8720
3.9396
4.0146
4.1071
4.2942
4.4070
1.2343
1.0860
0.9164
0.7005
0.2496
0
5.1064
5.0256
4.9310
4.8076
4.5439
4.4070
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 979
12/11/15 6:45 PM
980
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–6
Superheated water
T
8C
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.01 MPa (45.818C)*
Sat.†
50
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
14.670
14.867
17.196
19.513
21.826
24.136
26.446
31.063
35.680
40.296
44.911
49.527
54.143
58.758
63.373
67.989
72.604
2437.2
2443.3
2515.5
2587.9
2661.4
2736.1
2812.3
2969.3
3132.9
3303.3
3480.8
3665.4
3856.9
4055.3
4260.0
4470.9
4687.4
2583.9
2592.0
2687.5
2783.0
2879.6
2977.5
3076.7
3280.0
3489.7
3706.3
3929.9
4160.6
4398.3
4642.8
4893.8
5150.8
5413.4
0.88578
0.95986
1.08049
1.19890
1.31623
1.54934
1.78142
2.01302
2.24434
2.47550
2.70656
2.93755
3.16848
3.39938
3.63026
Sat.
200
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.37483
0.42503
0.47443
0.52261
0.57015
0.61731
0.71095
0.80409
0.89696
0.98966
1.08227
1.17480
1.26728
1.35972
1.45214
2529.1
2577.1
2654.6
2731.4
2808.8
2967.2
3131.4
3302.2
3479.9
3664.7
3856.3
4054.8
4259.6
4470.5
4687.1
2706.3
7.1270
2769.1
7.2810
2870.7
7.5081
2971.2
7.7100
3072.1
7.8941
3277.0
8.2236
3487.7
8.5153
3704.8
8.7793
3928.8
9.0221
4159.8
9.2479
4397.7
9.4598
4642.3
9.6599
4893.3
9.8497
5150.4 10.0304
5413.1 10.2029
P 5 0.50 MPa (151.838C)
2560.7
2643.3
2723.8
2803.3
2883.0
2963.7
3129.0
3300.4
3478.6
3663.6
3855.4
4054.0
4259.0
4470.0
4686.6
2748.1
2855.8
2961.0
3064.6
3168.1
3272.4
3484.5
3702.5
3927.0
4158.4
4396.6
4641.4
4892.6
5149.8
5412.6
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.05 MPa (81.328C)
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.10 MPa (99.618C)
8.1488
3.2403 2483.2 2645.2 7.5931
1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 7.3589
8.1741
8.4489
3.4187 2511.5 2682.4 7.6953
1.6959 2506.2 2675.8 7.3611
8.6893
3.8897 2585.7 2780.2 7.9413
1.9367 2582.9 2776.6 7.6148
8.9049
4.3562 2660.0 2877.8 8.1592
2.1724 2658.2 2875.5 7.8356
9.1015
4.8206 2735.1 2976.2 8.3568
2.4062 2733.9 2974.5 8.0346
9.2827
5.2841 2811.6 3075.8 8.5387
2.6389 2810.7 3074.5 8.2172
9.6094
6.2094 2968.9 3279.3 8.8659
3.1027 2968.3 3278.6 8.5452
9.8998
7.1338 3132.6 3489.3 9.1566
3.5655 3132.2 3488.7 8.8362
10.1631
8.0577 3303.1 3706.0 9.4201
4.0279 3302.8 3705.6 9.0999
10.4056
8.9813 3480.6 3929.7 9.6626
4.4900 3480.4 3929.4 9.3424
10.6312
9.9047 3665.2 4160.4 9.8883
4.9519 3665.0 4160.2 9.5682
10.8429 10.8280 3856.8 4398.2 10.1000
5.4137 3856.7 4398.0 9.7800
11.0429 11.7513 4055.2 4642.7 10.3000
5.8755 4055.0 4642.6 9.9800
11.2326 12.6745 4259.9 4893.7 10.4897
6.3372 4259.8 4893.6 10.1698
11.4132 13.5977 4470.8 5150.7 10.6704
6.7988 4470.7 5150.6 10.3504
11.5857 14.5209 4687.3 5413.3 10.8429
7.2605 4687.2 5413.3 10.5229
P 5 0.20 MPa (120.218C)
Sat.
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
6.8207
7.0610
7.2725
7.4614
7.6346
7.7956
8.0893
8.3544
8.5978
8.8240
9.0362
9.2364
9.4263
9.6071
9.7797
P 5 0.30 MPa (133.528C)
0.60582
0.63402
0.71643
0.79645
0.87535
1.03155
1.18672
1.34139
1.49580
1.65004
1.80417
1.95824
2.11226
2.26624
2.42019
2543.2
2571.0
2651.0
2728.9
2807.0
2966.0
3130.6
3301.6
3479.5
3664.3
3856.0
4054.5
4259.4
4470.3
4686.9
2724.9 6.9917
2761.2 7.0792
2865.9 7.3132
2967.9 7.5180
3069.6 7.7037
3275.5 8.0347
3486.6 8.3271
3704.0 8.5915
3928.2 8.8345
4159.3 9.0605
4397.3 9.2725
4642.0 9.4726
4893.1 9.6624
5150.2 9.8431
5413.0 10.0157
P 5 0.60 MPa (158.838C)
0.31560
0.35212
0.39390
0.43442
0.47428
0.51374
0.59200
0.66976
0.74725
0.82457
0.90179
0.97893
1.05603
1.13309
1.21012
2566.8
2639.4
2721.2
2801.4
2881.6
2962.5
3128.2
3299.8
3478.1
3663.2
3855.1
4053.8
4258.8
4469.8
4686.4
2756.2
2850.6
2957.6
3062.0
3166.1
3270.8
3483.4
3701.7
3926.4
4157.9
4396.2
4641.1
4892.4
5149.6
5412.5
6.7593
6.9683
7.1833
7.3740
7.5481
7.7097
8.0041
8.2695
8.5132
8.7395
8.9518
9.1521
9.3420
9.5229
9.6955
P 5 0.40 MPa (143.618C)
0.46242
0.47088
0.53434
0.59520
0.65489
0.77265
0.88936
1.00558
1.12152
1.23730
1.35298
1.46859
1.58414
1.69966
1.81516
2553.1
2564.4
2647.2
2726.4
2805.1
2964.9
3129.8
3301.0
3479.0
3663.9
3855.7
4054.3
4259.2
4470.2
4686.7
2738.1
2752.8
2860.9
2964.5
3067.1
3273.9
3485.5
3703.3
3927.6
4158.9
4396.9
4641.7
4892.9
5150.0
5412.8
6.8955
6.9306
7.1723
7.3804
7.5677
7.9003
8.1933
8.4580
8.7012
8.9274
9.1394
9.3396
9.5295
9.7102
9.8828
P 5 0.80 MPa (170.418C)
0.24035
0.26088
0.29321
0.32416
0.35442
0.38429
0.44332
0.50186
0.56011
0.61820
0.67619
0.73411
0.79197
0.84980
0.90761
2576.0
2631.1
2715.9
2797.5
2878.6
2960.2
3126.6
3298.7
3477.2
3662.5
3854.5
4053.3
4258.3
4469.4
4686.1
2768.3
2839.8
2950.4
3056.9
3162.2
3267.7
3481.3
3700.1
3925.3
4157.0
4395.5
4640.5
4891.9
5149.3
5412.2
6.6616
6.8177
7.0402
7.2345
7.4107
7.5735
7.8692
8.1354
8.3794
8.6061
8.8185
9.0189
9.2090
9.3898
9.5625
*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure.
† Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 980
12/11/15 6:45 PM
981
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–6
Superheated water (Concluded )
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg?K
P 5 1.00 MPa (179.888C)
Sat.
200
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.19437
0.20602
0.23275
0.25799
0.28250
0.30661
0.35411
0.40111
0.44783
0.49438
0.54083
0.58721
0.63354
0.67983
0.72610
Sat.
225
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.12374
0.13293
0.14190
0.15866
0.17459
0.19007
0.22029
0.24999
0.27941
0.30865
0.33780
0.36687
0.39589
0.42488
0.45383
Sat.
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.07995
0.08026
0.08705
0.09894
0.10979
0.12012
0.13015
0.13999
0.15931
0.17835
0.19722
0.21597
0.23466
0.25330
0.27190
0.29048
2582.8
2622.3
2710.4
2793.7
2875.7
2957.9
3125.0
3297.5
3476.3
3661.7
3853.9
4052.7
4257.9
4469.0
4685.8
2777.1
2828.3
2943.1
3051.6
3158.2
3264.5
3479.1
3698.6
3924.1
4156.1
4394.8
4640.0
4891.4
5148.9
5411.9
6.5850
6.6956
6.9265
7.1246
7.3029
7.4670
7.7642
8.0311
8.2755
8.5024
8.7150
8.9155
9.1057
9.2866
9.4593
P 5 1.60 MPa (201.378C)
2594.8
2645.1
2692.9
2781.6
2866.6
2950.8
3120.1
3293.9
3473.5
3659.5
3852.1
4051.2
4256.6
4467.9
4684.8
2792.8
2857.8
2919.9
3035.4
3146.0
3254.9
3472.6
3693.9
3920.5
4153.4
4392.6
4638.2
4890.0
5147.7
5410.9
6.4200
6.5537
6.6753
6.8864
7.0713
7.2394
7.5410
7.8101
8.0558
8.2834
8.4965
8.6974
8.8878
9.0689
9.2418
P 5 2.50 MPa (223.958C)
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 981
2602.1
2604.8
2663.3
2762.2
2852.5
2939.8
3026.2
3112.8
3288.5
3469.3
3656.2
3849.4
4049.0
4254.7
4466.3
4683.4
2801.9
2805.5
2880.9
3009.6
3127.0
3240.1
3351.6
3462.8
3686.8
3915.2
4149.2
4389.3
4635.6
4887.9
5146.0
5409.5
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 1.20 MPa (187.968C)
0.16326
0.16934
0.19241
0.21386
0.23455
0.25482
0.29464
0.33395
0.37297
0.41184
0.45059
0.48928
0.52792
0.56652
0.60509
2587.8
2612.9
2704.7
2789.7
2872.7
2955.5
3123.4
3296.3
3475.3
3661.0
3853.3
4052.2
4257.5
4468.7
4685.5
2783.8
2816.1
2935.6
3046.3
3154.2
3261.3
3477.0
3697.0
3922.9
4155.2
4394.0
4639.4
4891.0
5148.5
5411.6
6.5217
6.5909
6.8313
7.0335
7.2139
7.3793
7.6779
7.9456
8.1904
8.4176
8.6303
8.8310
9.0212
9.2022
9.3750
P 5 1.80 MPa (207.118C)
0.11037
0.11678
0.12502
0.14025
0.15460
0.16849
0.19551
0.22200
0.24822
0.27426
0.30020
0.32606
0.35188
0.37766
0.40341
2597.3
2637.0
2686.7
2777.4
2863.6
2948.3
3118.5
3292.7
3472.6
3658.8
3851.5
4050.7
4256.2
4467.6
4684.5
2795.9
2847.2
2911.7
3029.9
3141.9
3251.6
3470.4
3692.3
3919.4
4152.4
4391.9
4637.6
4889.6
5147.3
5410.6
6.3775
6.4825
6.6088
6.8246
7.0120
7.1814
7.4845
7.7543
8.0005
8.2284
8.4417
8.6427
8.8331
9.0143
9.1872
P 5 3.00 MPa (233.858C)
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 1.40 MPa (195.048C)
0.14078
0.14303
0.16356
0.18233
0.20029
0.21782
0.25216
0.28597
0.31951
0.35288
0.38614
0.41933
0.45247
0.48558
0.51866
2591.8
2602.7
2698.9
2785.7
2869.7
2953.1
3121.8
3295.1
3474.4
3660.3
3852.7
4051.7
4257.0
4468.3
4685.1
2788.9
2803.0
2927.9
3040.9
3150.1
3258.1
3474.8
3695.5
3921.7
4154.3
4393.3
4638.8
4890.5
5148.1
5411.3
6.4675
6.4975
6.7488
6.9553
7.1379
7.3046
7.6047
7.8730
8.1183
8.3458
8.5587
8.7595
8.9497
9.1308
9.3036
P 5 2.00 MPa (212.388C)
0.09959
0.10381
0.11150
0.12551
0.13860
0.15122
0.17568
0.19962
0.22326
0.24674
0.27012
0.29342
0.31667
0.33989
0.36308
2599.1
2628.5
2680.3
2773.2
2860.5
2945.9
3116.9
3291.5
3471.7
3658.0
3850.9
4050.2
4255.7
4467.2
4684.2
2798.3
2836.1
2903.3
3024.2
3137.7
3248.4
3468.3
3690.7
3918.2
4151.5
4391.1
4637.1
4889.1
5147.0
5410.3
6.3390
6.4160
6.5475
6.7684
6.9583
7.1292
7.4337
7.7043
7.9509
8.1791
8.3925
8.5936
8.7842
8.9654
9.1384
P 5 3.50 MPa (242.568C)
6.2558 0.06667 2603.2 2803.2 6.1856
0.05706
2603.0 2802.7 6.1244
6.2629
6.4107 0.07063 2644.7 2856.5 6.2893
0.05876
2624.0 2829.7 6.1764
6.6459 0.08118 2750.8 2994.3 6.5412
0.06845
2738.8 2978.4 6.4484
6.8424 0.09056 2844.4 3116.1 6.7450
0.07680
2836.0 3104.9 6.6601
7.0170 0.09938 2933.6 3231.7 6.9235
0.08456
2927.2 3223.2 6.8428
7.1768 0.10789 3021.2 3344.9 7.0856
0.09198
3016.1 3338.1 7.0074
7.3254 0.11620 3108.6 3457.2 7.2359
0.09919
3104.5 3451.7 7.1593
7.5979 0.13245 3285.5 3682.8 7.5103
0.11325
3282.5 3678.9 7.4357
7.8455 0.14841 3467.0 3912.2 7.7590
0.12702
3464.7 3909.3 7.6855
8.0744 0.16420 3654.3 4146.9 7.9885
0.14061
3652.5 4144.6 7.9156
8.2882 0.17988 3847.9 4387.5 8.2028
0.15410
3846.4 4385.7 8.1304
8.4897 0.19549 4047.7 4634.2 8.4045
0.16751
4046.4 4632.7 8.3324
8.6804 0.21105 4253.6 4886.7 8.5955
0.18087
4252.5 4885.6 8.5236
8.8618 0.22658 4465.3 5145.1 8.7771
0.19420
4464.4 5144.1 8.7053
9.0349 0.24207 4682.6 5408.8 8.9502
0.20750
4681.8 5408.0 8.8786
12/11/15 6:45 PM
982
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–6
Superheated water (Continued)
T
8C
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 4.0 MPa (250.358C)
Sat.
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.04978
0.05461
0.05887
0.06647
0.07343
0.08004
0.08644
0.09886
0.11098
0.12292
0.13476
0.14653
0.15824
0.16992
0.18157
Sat.
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.03245
0.03619
0.04225
0.04742
0.05217
0.05667
0.06102
0.06527
0.07355
0.08165
0.08964
0.09756
0.10543
0.11326
0.12107
Sat.
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.020489
0.023284
0.025816
0.029960
0.033524
0.036793
0.039885
0.042861
0.045755
0.048589
0.054132
0.059562
0.064919
0.070224
0.075492
0.080733
2601.7
2668.9
2726.2
2827.4
2920.8
3011.0
3100.3
3279.4
3462.4
3650.6
3844.8
4045.1
4251.4
4463.5
4680.9
2800.8
2887.3
2961.7
3093.3
3214.5
3331.2
3446.0
3674.9
3906.3
4142.3
4383.9
4631.2
4884.4
5143.2
5407.2
6.0696
6.2312
6.3639
6.5843
6.7714
6.9386
7.0922
7.3706
7.6214
7.8523
8.0675
8.2698
8.4612
8.6430
8.8164
P 5 6.0 MPa (275.598C)
2589.9
2668.4
2790.4
2893.7
2989.9
3083.1
3175.2
3267.2
3453.0
3643.2
3838.8
4040.1
4247.1
4459.8
4677.7
2784.6
2885.6
3043.9
3178.3
3302.9
3423.1
3541.3
3658.8
3894.3
4133.1
4376.6
4625.4
4879.7
5139.4
5404.1
5.8902
6.0703
6.3357
6.5432
6.7219
6.8826
7.0308
7.1693
7.4247
7.6582
7.8751
8.0786
8.2709
8.4534
8.6273
P 5 9.0 MPa (303.358C)
2558.5
2647.6
2725.0
2849.2
2956.3
3056.3
3153.0
3248.4
3343.4
3438.8
3632.0
3829.6
4032.4
4240.7
4454.2
4672.9
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 982
2742.9
2857.1
2957.3
3118.8
3258.0
3387.4
3512.0
3634.1
3755.2
3876.1
4119.2
4365.7
4616.7
4872.7
5133.6
5399.5
5.6791
5.8738
6.0380
6.2876
6.4872
6.6603
6.8164
6.9605
7.0954
7.2229
7.4606
7.6802
7.8855
8.0791
8.2625
8.4371
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 4.5 MPa (257.448C)
0.04406
0.04733
0.05138
0.05842
0.06477
0.07076
0.07652
0.08766
0.09850
0.10916
0.11972
0.13020
0.14064
0.15103
0.16140
2599.7
2651.4
2713.0
2818.6
2914.2
3005.8
3096.0
3276.4
3460.0
3648.8
3843.3
4043.9
4250.4
4462.6
4680.1
2798.0
2864.4
2944.2
3081.5
3205.7
3324.2
3440.4
3670.9
3903.3
4140.0
4382.1
4629.8
4883.2
5142.2
5406.5
6.0198
6.1429
6.2854
6.5153
6.7071
6.8770
7.0323
7.3127
7.5647
7.7962
8.0118
8.2144
8.4060
8.5880
8.7616
P 5 7.0 MPa (285.838C)
0.027378
0.029492
0.035262
0.039958
0.044187
0.048157
0.051966
0.055665
0.062850
0.069856
0.076750
0.083571
0.090341
0.097075
0.103781
2581.0
2633.5
2770.1
2879.5
2979.0
3074.3
3167.9
3261.0
3448.3
3639.5
3835.7
4037.5
4245.0
4457.9
4676.1
2772.6
2839.9
3016.9
3159.2
3288.3
3411.4
3531.6
3650.6
3888.3
4128.5
4373.0
4622.5
4877.4
5137.4
5402.6
5.8148
5.9337
6.2305
6.4502
6.6353
6.8000
6.9507
7.0910
7.3487
7.5836
7.8014
8.0055
8.1982
8.3810
8.5551
P 5 10.0 MPa (311.008C)
0.018028
0.019877
0.022440
0.026436
0.029782
0.032811
0.035655
0.038378
0.041018
0.043597
0.048629
0.053547
0.058391
0.063183
0.067938
0.072667
2545.2
2611.6
2699.6
2833.1
2944.5
3047.0
3145.4
3242.0
3338.0
3434.0
3628.2
3826.5
4029.9
4238.5
4452.4
4671.3
2725.5
2810.3
2924.0
3097.5
3242.4
3375.1
3502.0
3625.8
3748.1
3870.0
4114.5
4362.0
4613.8
4870.3
5131.7
5398.0
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 5.0 MPa (263.948C)
0.03945
0.04144
0.04535
0.05197
0.05784
0.06332
0.06858
0.07870
0.08852
0.09816
0.10769
0.11715
0.12655
0.13592
0.14527
2597.0
2632.3
2699.0
2809.5
2907.5
3000.6
3091.8
3273.3
3457.7
3646.9
3841.8
4042.6
4249.3
4461.6
4679.3
2794.2
2839.5
2925.7
3069.3
3196.7
3317.2
3434.7
3666.9
3900.3
4137.7
4380.2
4628.3
4882.1
5141.3
5405.7
5.9737
6.0571
6.2111
6.4516
6.6483
6.8210
6.9781
7.2605
7.5136
7.7458
7.9619
8.1648
8.3566
8.5388
8.7124
P 5 8.0 MPa (295.018C)
0.023525
0.024279
0.029975
0.034344
0.038194
0.041767
0.045172
0.048463
0.054829
0.061011
0.067082
0.073079
0.079025
0.084934
0.090817
2570.5
2592.3
2748.3
2864.6
2967.8
3065.4
3160.5
3254.7
3443.6
3635.7
3832.7
4035.0
4242.8
4456.1
4674.5
2758.7
2786.5
2988.1
3139.4
3273.3
3399.5
3521.8
3642.4
3882.2
4123.8
4369.3
4619.6
4875.0
5135.5
5401.0
5.7450
5.7937
6.1321
6.3658
6.5579
6.7266
6.8800
7.0221
7.2822
7.5185
7.7372
7.9419
8.1350
8.3181
8.4925
P 5 12.5 MPa (327.818C)
5.6159 0.013496 2505.6 2674.3
5.7596
5.9460 0.016138 2624.9 2826.6
6.2141 0.020030 2789.6 3040.0
6.4219 0.023019 2913.7 3201.5
6.5995 0.025630 3023.2 3343.6
6.7585 0.028033 3126.1 3476.5
6.9045 0.030306 3225.8 3604.6
7.0408 0.032491 3324.1 3730.2
7.1693 0.034612 3422.0 3854.6
7.4085 0.038724 3618.8 4102.8
7.6290 0.042720 3818.9 4352.9
7.8349 0.046641 4023.5 4606.5
8.0289 0.050510 4233.1 4864.5
8.2126 0.054342 4447.7 5127.0
8.3874 0.058147 4667.3 5394.1
5.4638
5.7130
6.0433
6.2749
6.4651
6.6317
6.7828
6.9227
7.0540
7.2967
7.5195
7.7269
7.9220
8.1065
8.2819
12/11/15 6:45 PM
983
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–6
Superheated water (Concluded )
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 15.0 MPa (342.168C)
Sat.
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.010341
0.011481
0.015671
0.018477
0.020828
0.022945
0.024921
0.026804
0.028621
0.032121
0.035503
0.038808
0.042062
0.045279
0.048469
2455.7
2520.9
2740.6
2880.8
2998.4
3106.2
3209.3
3310.1
3409.8
3609.3
3811.2
4017.1
4227.7
4443.1
4663.3
375
400
425
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.001978
0.006005
0.007886
0.009176
0.011143
0.012736
0.014140
0.015430
0.016643
0.018922
0.021075
0.023150
0.025172
0.027157
0.029115
1799.9
2428.5
2607.8
2721.2
2887.3
3020.8
3140.0
3251.9
3359.9
3570.7
3780.2
3991.5
4206.1
4424.6
4647.2
375
400
425
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.001641
0.001911
0.002538
0.003692
0.005623
0.006985
0.008089
0.009053
0.009930
0.011521
0.012980
0.014360
0.015686
0.016976
0.018239
1677.0
1855.0
2097.5
2364.2
2681.6
2875.1
3026.8
3159.5
3282.0
3511.8
3733.3
3952.9
4173.7
4396.9
4623.3
2610.8
2693.1
2975.7
3157.9
3310.8
3450.4
3583.1
3712.1
3839.1
4091.1
4343.7
4599.2
4858.6
5122.3
5390.3
v
m3/kg
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 983
s
kJ/kg·K
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
P 5 30.0 MPa
4.0345
5.1400
5.4708
5.6759
5.9643
6.1816
6.3637
6.5243
6.6702
6.9322
7.1668
7.3821
7.5825
7.7710
7.9494
0.001792
0.002798
0.005299
0.006737
0.008691
0.010175
0.011445
0.012590
0.013654
0.015628
0.017473
0.019240
0.020954
0.022630
0.024279
3.8290
4.1145
4.5044
4.9449
5.4744
5.7857
6.0170
6.2078
6.3740
6.6613
6.9107
7.1355
7.3425
7.5357
7.7175
0.001560
0.001731
0.002009
0.002487
0.003890
0.005118
0.006108
0.006957
0.007717
0.009073
0.010296
0.011441
0.012534
0.013590
0.014620
1738.1
2068.9
2452.9
2618.9
2824.0
2974.5
3103.4
3221.7
3334.3
3551.2
3764.6
3978.6
4195.2
4415.3
4639.2
1791.9
2152.8
2611.8
2821.0
3084.8
3279.7
3446.8
3599.4
3743.9
4020.0
4288.8
4555.8
4823.9
5094.2
5367.6
1716.6
1874.4
2060.7
2284.7
2722.6
3025.4
3252.6
3443.5
3614.6
3925.8
4216.8
4499.4
4778.9
5058.1
5338.5
4.9310
5.5526
5.9043
6.1446
6.3390
6.5075
6.6593
6.7991
7.0531
7.2829
7.4950
7.6933
7.8802
8.0574
P 5 35.0 MPa
3.9313
4.4758
5.1473
5.4422
5.7956
6.0403
6.2373
6.4074
6.5599
6.8301
7.0695
7.2880
7.4906
7.6807
7.8602
0.001701
0.002105
0.003434
0.004957
0.006933
0.008348
0.009523
0.010565
0.011523
0.013278
0.014904
0.016450
0.017942
0.019398
0.020827
3.7642
4.0029
4.2746
4.5896
5.1762
5.5563
5.8245
6.0373
6.2179
6.5225
6.7819
7.0131
7.2244
7.4207
7.6048
0.001503
0.001633
0.001816
0.002086
0.002952
0.003955
0.004833
0.005591
0.006265
0.007456
0.008519
0.009504
0.010439
0.011339
0.012213
P 5 50.0 MPa
1638.6
1787.8
1960.3
2160.3
2528.1
2769.5
2947.1
3095.6
3228.7
3472.2
3702.0
3927.4
4152.2
4378.6
4607.5
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 20.0 MPa (365.758C)
5.3108
0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435 0.005862 2294.8 2412.1
5.4438
5.8819
0.012463 2684.3 2902.4 5.7211 0.009950 2617.9 2816.9
6.1434
0.015204 2845.4 3111.4 6.0212 0.012721 2807.3 3061.7
6.3480
0.017385 2972.4 3276.7 6.2424 0.014793 2945.3 3241.2
6.5230
0.019305 3085.8 3423.6 6.4266 0.016571 3064.7 3396.2
6.6796
0.021073 3192.5 3561.3 6.5890 0.018185 3175.3 3539.0
6.8233
0.022742 3295.8 3693.8 6.7366 0.019695 3281.4 3675.3
6.9573
0.024342 3397.5 3823.5 6.8735 0.021134 3385.1 3807.8
7.2037
0.027405 3599.7 4079.3 7.1237 0.023870 3590.1 4067.5
7.4288
0.030348 3803.5 4334.6 7.3511 0.026484 3795.7 4325.4
7.6378
0.033215 4010.7 4592.0 7.5616 0.029020 4004.3 4584.7
7.8339
0.036029 4222.3 4852.8 7.7588 0.031504 4216.9 4847.0
8.0192
0.038806 4438.5 5117.6 7.9449 0.033952 4433.8 5112.9
8.1952
0.041556 4659.2 5386.5 8.1215 0.036371 4655.2 5382.7
P 5 40.0 MPa
1742.6
1931.4
2199.0
2511.8
2906.5
3154.4
3350.4
3521.6
3679.2
3972.6
4252.5
4527.3
4801.1
5075.9
5352.8
h
kJ/kg
P 5 17.5 MPa (354.678C)
P 5 25.0 MPa
1849.4
2578.7
2805.0
2950.6
3165.9
3339.2
3493.5
3637.7
3776.0
4043.8
4307.1
4570.2
4835.4
5103.5
5375.1
u
kJ/kg
1702.8
1914.9
2253.3
2497.5
2755.3
2925.8
3065.6
3190.9
3308.3
3531.6
3749.0
3965.8
4184.4
4406.1
4631.2
1762.4
1988.6
2373.5
2671.0
2997.9
3218.0
3399.0
3560.7
3711.6
3996.3
4270.6
4541.5
4812.4
5085.0
5360.2
3.8724
4.2144
4.7751
5.1946
5.6331
5.9093
6.1229
6.3030
6.4623
6.7409
6.9853
7.2069
7.4118
7.6034
7.7841
P 5 60.0 MPa
1609.7
1745.2
1892.9
2055.1
2393.2
2664.6
2866.8
3031.3
3175.4
3432.6
3670.9
3902.0
4130.9
4360.5
4591.8
1699.9
1843.2
2001.8
2180.2
2570.3
2901.9
3156.8
3366.8
3551.3
3880.0
4182.1
4472.2
4757.3
5040.8
5324.5
3.7149
3.9317
4.1630
4.4140
4.9356
5.3517
5.6527
5.8867
6.0814
6.4033
6.6725
6.9099
7.1255
7.3248
7.5111
12/11/15 6:45 PM
984
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–7
Compressed liquid water
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 5 MPa (263.948C)
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 10 MPa (311.008C)
Sat.
0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5
2.9207
0.0014522 1393.3 1407.9
3.3603
0
0.0009977
0.04
5.03 0.0001
0.0009952
0.12
10.07 0.0003
20
0.0009996
83.61
88.61 0.2954
0.0009973
83.31
93.28 0.2943
40
0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.5705
0.0010035 166.33 176.37 0.5685
60
0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.8287
0.0010127 249.43 259.55 0.8260
80
0.0010267 333.82 338.96 1.0723
0.0010244 332.69 342.94 1.0691
100
0.0010410 417.65 422.85 1.3034
0.0010385 416.23 426.62 1.2996
120
0.0010576 501.91 507.19 1.5236
0.0010549 500.18 510.73 1.5191
140
0.0010769 586.80 592.18 1.7344
0.0010738 584.72 595.45 1.7293
160
0.0010988 672.55 678.04 1.9374
0.0010954 670.06 681.01 1.9316
180
0.0011240 759.47 765.09 2.1338
0.0011200 756.48 767.68 2.1271
200
0.0011531 847.92 853.68 2.3251
0.0011482 844.32 855.80 2.3174
220
0.0011868 938.39 944.32 2.5127
0.0011809 934.01 945.82 2.5037
240
0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7
2.6983
0.0012192 1026.2 1038.3
2.6876
260
0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9
2.8841
0.0012653 1121.6 1134.3
2.8710
280
0.0013226 1221.8 1235.0
3.0565
300
0.0013980 1329.4 1343.3
3.2488
320
340
P 5 20 MPa (365.758C)
P 5 30 MPa
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 15 MPa (342.168C)
0.0016572
0.0009928
0.0009951
0.0010013
0.0010105
0.0010221
0.0010361
0.0010522
0.0010708
0.0010920
0.0011160
0.0011435
0.0011752
0.0012121
0.0012560
0.0013096
0.0013783
0.0014733
0.0016311
1585.5
0.18
83.01
165.75
248.58
331.59
414.85
498.50
582.69
667.63
753.58
840.84
929.81
1021.0
1115.1
1213.4
1317.6
1431.9
1567.9
1610.3
15.07
97.93
180.77
263.74
346.92
430.39
514.28
598.75
684.01
770.32
858.00
947.43
1039.2
1134.0
1233.0
1338.3
1454.0
1592.4
3.6848
0.0004
0.2932
0.5666
0.8234
1.0659
1.2958
1.5148
1.7243
1.9259
2.1206
2.3100
2.4951
2.6774
2.8586
3.0410
3.2279
3.4263
3.6555
P 5 50 MPa
Sat.
0.0020378 1785.8 1826.6
4.0146
0
0.0009904
0.23
20.03 0.0005
0.0009857
0.29
29.86 0.0003
0.0009767
0.29
49.13 20.0010
20
0.0009929
82.71 102.57 0.2921
0.0009886
82.11 111.77 0.2897
0.0009805
80.93 129.95 0.2845
40
0.0009992 165.17 185.16 0.5646
0.0009951 164.05 193.90 0.5607
0.0009872 161.90 211.25 0.5528
60
0.0010084 247.75 267.92 0.8208
0.0010042 246.14 276.26 0.8156
0.0009962 243.08 292.88 0.8055
80
0.0010199 330.50 350.90 1.0627
0.0010155 328.40 358.86 1.0564
0.0010072 324.42 374.78 1.0442
100
0.0010337 413.50 434.17 1.2920
0.0010290 410.87 441.74 1.2847
0.0010201 405.94 456.94 1.2705
120
0.0010496 496.85 517.84 1.5105
0.0010445 493.66 525.00 1.5020
0.0010349 487.69 539.43 1.4859
140
0.0010679 580.71 602.07 1.7194
0.0010623 576.90 608.76 1.7098
0.0010517 569.77 622.36 1.6916
160
0.0010886 665.28 687.05 1.9203
0.0010823 660.74 693.21 1.9094
0.0010704 652.33 705.85 1.8889
180
0.0011122 750.78 773.02 2.1143
0.0011049 745.40 778.55 2.1020
0.0010914 735.49 790.06 2.0790
200
0.0011390 837.49 860.27 2.3027
0.0011304 831.11 865.02 2.2888
0.0011149 819.45 875.19 2.2628
220
0.0011697 925.77 949.16 2.4867
0.0011595 918.15 952.93 2.4707
0.0011412 904.39 961.45 2.4414
240
0.0012053 1016.1 1040.2
2.6676
0.0011927 1006.9 1042.7
2.6491
0.0011708 990.55 1049.1
2.6156
260
0.0012472 1109.0 1134.0
2.8469
0.0012314 1097.8 1134.7
2.8250
0.0012044 1078.2 1138.4
2.7864
280
0.0012978 1205.6 1231.5
3.0265
0.0012770 1191.5 1229.8
3.0001
0.0012430 1167.7 1229.9
2.9547
300
0.0013611 1307.2 1334.4
3.2091
0.0013322 1288.9 1328.9
3.1761
0.0012879 1259.6 1324.0
3.1218
320
0.0014450 1416.6 1445.5
3.3996
0.0014014 1391.7 1433.7
3.3558
0.0013409 1354.3 1421.4
3.2888
340
0.0015693 1540.2 1571.6
3.6086
0.0014932 1502.4 1547.1
3.5438
0.0014049 1452.9 1523.1
3.4575
360
0.0018248 1703.6 1740.1
3.8787
0.0016276 1626.8 1675.6
3.7499
0.0014848 1556.5 1630.7
3.6301
380
0.0018729 1782.0 1838.2
4.0026
0.0015884 1667.1 1746.5
3.8102
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 984
12/11/15 6:45 PM
985
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–8
Saturated ice–water vapor
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Temp.,
T 8C
Sat.
press.,
Psat kPa
Sat.
ice,
vi
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
ice,
Subl.,
ui
uig
0.01
0
22
24
26
28
210
212
214
216
218
220
222
224
226
228
230
232
234
236
238
240
0.61169
0.61115
0.51772
0.43748
0.36873
0.30998
0.25990
0.21732
0.18121
0.15068
0.12492
0.10326
0.08510
0.06991
0.05725
0.04673
0.03802
0.03082
0.02490
0.02004
0.01608
0.01285
0.001091
0.001091
0.001091
0.001090
0.001090
0.001090
0.001089
0.001089
0.001088
0.001088
0.001088
0.001087
0.001087
0.001087
0.001087
0.001086
0.001086
0.001086
0.001085
0.001085
0.001085
0.001084
205.99
206.17
241.62
283.84
334.27
394.66
467.17
554.47
659.88
787.51
942.51
1131.3
1362.0
1644.7
1992.2
2421.0
2951.7
3610.9
4432.4
5460.1
6750.5
8376.7
2333.40
2333.43
2337.63
2341.80
2345.94
2350.04
2354.12
2358.17
2362.18
2366.17
2370.13
2374.06
2377.95
2381.82
2385.66
2389.47
2393.25
2397.00
2400.72
2404.40
2408.07
2411.70
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 985
2707.9
2707.9
2709.4
2710.8
2712.2
2713.5
2714.8
2716.1
2717.3
2718.6
2719.7
2720.9
2722.0
2723.1
2724.2
2725.2
2726.2
2727.2
2728.1
2729.0
2729.9
2730.7
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
ice,
Subl.,
hi
hig
2374.5
2374.5
2371.8
2369.0
2366.2
2363.5
2360.7
2357.9
2355.2
2352.4
2349.6
2346.8
2344.1
2341.3
2338.5
2335.7
2332.9
2330.2
2327.4
2324.6
2321.8
2319.0
2333.40
2333.43
2337.63
2341.80
2345.93
2350.04
2354.12
2358.17
2362.18
2366.17
2370.13
2374.06
2377.95
2381.82
2385.66
2389.47
2393.25
2397.00
2400.72
2404.40
2408.07
2411.70
2833.9
2833.9
2834.5
2835.0
2835.4
2835.8
2836.2
2836.6
2836.9
2837.2
2837.5
2837.7
2837.9
2838.1
2838.2
2838.3
2838.4
2838.4
2838.5
2838.4
2838.4
2838.3
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
ice,
Subl.,
si
sig
2500.5
2500.5
2496.8
2493.2
2489.5
2485.8
2482.1
2478.4
2474.7
2471.0
2467.3
2463.6
2459.9
2456.2
2452.5
2448.8
2445.1
2441.4
2437.7
2434.0
2430.3
2426.6
21.2202
21.2204
21.2358
21.2513
21.2667
21.2821
21.2976
21.3130
21.3284
21.3439
21.3593
21.3748
21.3903
21.4057
21.4212
21.4367
21.4521
21.4676
21.4831
21.4986
21.5141
21.5296
10.374
10.375
10.453
10.533
10.613
10.695
10.778
10.862
10.947
11.033
11.121
11.209
11.300
11.391
11.484
11.578
11.673
11.770
11.869
11.969
12.071
12.174
Sat.
vapor,
sg
9.154
9.154
9.218
9.282
9.347
9.413
9.480
9.549
9.618
9.689
9.761
9.835
9.909
9.985
10.063
10.141
10.221
10.303
10.386
10.470
10.557
10.644
12/11/15 6:45 PM
700
800
1
600
3
00
16
4
20
00
18
50%
4000
3800
22
00
24
00
va
po
r
6
%
70
Sa
tu
ra
ted
h=
=
0
10
80 0
6
0
80
0
60 0
50
0
40 0
35 00
3 0
25 0
20
0
15
5
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
%
800
g
J/k
0k
h = 40
200
7
80
%
7
Q
26
00
kJ/
kg
10 kg
/m 3
t =
8
0.3
kg/m
3
1 kg/ 3
m
9
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
h=
5000 kJ/kg
kJ/kg
= 5000
8
9
2650
h = 2600 kJ/kg
2550
Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984.
2
%
20
00
3200
4500
6
= 4200 k
h=
J/k
g
00
3600
3400
60
FIGURE A–9
T-s diagram for water.
0
0
=
ty
ali
Qu
%
10%
tu
Sa
200
28
3
2600
2400
kJ/
2200 kg
=
h=
2000
1 800
uid
1 600
iq
dl
e
rat
0
1 40
0
1 00
0
1 20
1 000
100
200
300
400
500
600
3000
0
550
P=
30
0
20 00
15 000 bar
100000
80 00
0
D
ens
50 60
ity =
4 00 000
kg/m 3
30000
0
20 0
0
00 0
15
900
Temperature, °C
50
00
0
1
kg/m 3
300
5
100
kg/m 3
40
30
4
30 k
g/m 3
20
15
10
1000
3
%
2
0
1 20
30
3 kg
/m 3
8
6
4
3
2
1.5
1.0
kg/m 3
0.1
g/m 3
0.
0.8
6
0.
4
0.
3
0.2
0.0 0.1
5
0. 8 0
0
.1
0. 6
0
0. 4
0
0. 3
0
0. 2
01
5
1100
1
40%
3k
0.0
D
0
10
m3
.01
kg/
=0
ens
ity
8
.0
0
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 986
0
1 40
10
0
0 .00
0. .00 6
0 4
0. 03
00
2
0
1200
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
986
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
12/11/15 6:45 PM
987
APPENDIX 1
2
3
4
5
6
1100°C
5000
7
T=
8
9
10
5000
C
0°
110
1000°C
400°C
98%
96%
Qu
94%
alit
y = 92%
90
88 %
86 %
%
84
82 %
80 %
78 %
76 %
74 %
72 %
70 %
%
68
%
C
T = 300°
2000
0
0. .3
0
0. .08 0.1 2
0. 06 0.1 5
04
0.
0
0. 5
03
0.
01
0. 5
01
0
0. .8
0. 6
4
8
6
4
3
2
1.5
1.0
5
De
ns
ity
=0
.01 k
g/m 3
0.1
kg/m 3
1 kg
/m 3
150
00
200
00
25
00
0
30
00
0b
ar
P=
700°C
600°C
3000
500°C
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
4000
800°C
Dens
100
ity =
00
1000
800
kg/m 3
0
600
500 0
400 0
300 0
20 0
15 00
800 10000
0
6
40000 5
00
300
20
100
0
kg/m 3
80 150
60 100
40
50
30
20
15
10 k
10
g/m 3
900°C
4000
02
0.
P
=
8
00
0.
3000
r
ba
2000
%
66 %
64 %
62 %
60 %
58 %
56
54%
52%
50%
48%
46%
44%
42%
40%
1000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1000
10
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
FIGURE A–10
Mollier diagram for water.
Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 987
12/11/15 6:45 PM
988
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–11
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Sat.
Temp., press.,
T 8C
Psat kPa
240
238
236
234
232
230
228
226
224
222
220
218
216
214
212
210
28
26
24
22
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
51.25
56.86
62.95
69.56
76.71
84.43
92.76
101.73
111.37
121.72
132.82
144.69
157.38
170.93
185.37
200.74
217.08
234.44
252.85
272.36
293.01
314.84
337.90
362.23
387.88
414.89
443.31
473.19
504.58
537.52
572.07
608.27
646.18
685.84
727.31
770.64
815.89
863.11
912.35
963.68
1017.1
1072.8
1130.7
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg∙K
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Evap.,
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
0.0007053
0.0007082
0.0007111
0.0007141
0.0007171
0.0007201
0.0007232
0.0007264
0.0007296
0.0007328
0.0007361
0.0007394
0.0007428
0.0007463
0.0007498
0.0007533
0.0007570
0.0007607
0.0007644
0.0007683
0.0007722
0.0007761
0.0007802
0.0007843
0.0007886
0.0007929
0.0007973
0.0008018
0.0008064
0.0008112
0.0008160
0.0008209
0.0008260
0.0008312
0.0008366
0.0008421
0.0008477
0.0008535
0.0008595
0.0008657
0.0008720
0.0008786
0.0008854
0.36064
0.32718
0.29740
0.27082
0.24706
0.22577
0.20666
0.18947
0.17398
0.15999
0.14735
0.13589
0.12550
0.11605
0.10744
0.099600
0.092438
0.085888
0.079889
0.074388
0.069335
0.064690
0.060412
0.056469
0.052829
0.049466
0.046354
0.043471
0.040798
0.038317
0.036012
0.033867
0.031869
0.030008
0.028271
0.026648
0.025131
0.023712
0.022383
0.021137
0.019968
0.018870
0.017837
20.036
2.472
4.987
7.509
10.04
12.58
15.12
17.67
20.23
22.80
25.37
27.96
30.55
33.15
35.76
38.38
41.01
43.64
46.29
48.94
51.61
54.28
56.97
59.66
62.37
65.09
67.82
70.56
73.31
76.07
78.85
81.64
84.44
87.26
90.09
92.93
95.79
98.67
101.56
104.47
107.39
110.34
113.30
207.42
206.06
204.69
203.32
201.94
200.55
199.15
197.75
196.34
194.92
193.49
192.05
190.60
189.14
187.66
186.18
184.69
183.18
181.66
180.12
178.58
177.01
175.44
173.84
172.23
170.61
168.96
167.30
165.62
163.92
162.19
160.45
158.68
156.89
155.08
153.24
151.37
149.48
147.55
145.60
143.61
141.59
139.53
207.38
208.53
209.68
210.83
211.97
213.12
214.27
215.42
216.57
217.71
218.86
220.00
221.15
222.29
223.42
224.56
225.69
226.82
227.94
229.07
230.18
231.30
232.40
233.51
234.60
235.69
236.78
237.86
238.93
239.99
241.04
242.09
243.13
244.15
245.17
246.17
247.17
248.15
249.11
250.07
251.00
251.92
252.83
0.00
2.512
5.032
7.559
10.09
12.64
15.19
17.75
20.31
22.89
25.47
28.07
30.67
33.28
35.90
38.53
41.17
43.82
46.48
49.15
51.83
54.53
57.23
59.95
62.68
65.42
68.17
70.94
73.72
76.51
79.32
82.14
84.98
87.83
90.70
93.58
96.49
99.41
102.34
105.30
108.28
111.28
114.30
225.86
224.62
223.37
222.10
220.83
219.55
218.25
216.95
215.63
214.30
212.96
211.60
210.23
208.84
207.44
206.02
204.59
203.14
201.66
200.17
198.67
197.14
195.58
194.01
192.42
190.80
189.16
187.49
185.80
184.08
182.33
180.55
178.74
176.90
175.03
173.13
171.19
169.21
167.19
165.13
163.03
160.89
158.70
225.86
227.13
228.40
229.66
230.93
232.19
233.44
234.70
235.94
237.19
238.43
239.67
240.90
242.12
243.34
244.55
245.76
246.95
248.14
249.33
250.50
251.66
252.82
253.96
255.09
256.22
257.33
258.43
259.51
260.59
261.64
262.69
263.72
264.73
265.73
266.71
267.67
268.61
269.53
270.44
271.31
272.17
273.00
0.00000
0.01071
0.02137
0.03196
0.04249
0.05297
0.06339
0.07376
0.08408
0.09435
0.10456
0.11473
0.12486
0.13493
0.14497
0.15496
0.16491
0.17482
0.18469
0.19452
0.20432
0.21408
0.22381
0.23351
0.24318
0.25282
0.26243
0.27201
0.28157
0.29111
0.30062
0.31012
0.31959
0.32905
0.33849
0.34792
0.35734
0.36675
0.37615
0.38554
0.39493
0.40432
0.41371
0.96869
0.95516
0.94182
0.92867
0.91569
0.90289
0.89024
0.87776
0.86542
0.85323
0.84119
0.82927
0.81749
0.80583
0.79429
0.78286
0.77154
0.76033
0.74921
0.73819
0.72726
0.71641
0.70565
0.69496
0.68435
0.67380
0.66331
0.65289
0.64252
0.63219
0.62192
0.61168
0.60148
0.59131
0.58117
0.57105
0.56095
0.55086
0.54077
0.53068
0.52059
0.51048
0.50036
0.96869
0.96588
0.96319
0.96063
0.95819
0.95586
0.95364
0.95152
0.94950
0.94758
0.94575
0.94401
0.94234
0.94076
0.93925
0.93782
0.93645
0.93514
0.93390
0.93271
0.93158
0.93050
0.92946
0.92847
0.92752
0.92661
0.92574
0.92490
0.92409
0.92330
0.92254
0.92180
0.92107
0.92036
0.91967
0.91897
0.91829
0.91760
0.91692
0.91622
0.91552
0.91480
0.91407
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 988
12/11/15 6:45 PM
989
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–11
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg∙K
Sat.
Temp., press.,
T 8C
Psat kPa
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Evap.,
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
46
48
52
56
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0.0008924
0.0008997
0.0009151
0.0009317
0.0009498
0.0009751
0.0010037
0.0010373
0.0010774
0.0011273
0.0011938
0.0012945
0.0015269
0.016866
0.015951
0.014276
0.012782
0.011434
0.009959
0.008650
0.007486
0.006439
0.005484
0.004591
0.003713
0.002657
116.28
119.28
125.35
131.52
137.79
145.80
154.03
162.55
171.43
180.81
190.94
202.49
218.73
137.43
135.30
130.89
126.29
121.45
115.06
108.17
100.62
92.22
82.64
71.19
56.25
29.72
253.71
254.58
256.24
257.81
259.23
260.86
262.20
263.17
263.66
263.45
262.13
258.73
248.46
117.34
120.41
126.62
132.94
139.38
147.64
156.15
165.01
174.27
184.11
194.82
207.14
224.80
156.46
154.17
149.41
144.41
139.09
132.05
124.37
115.87
106.35
95.39
82.22
64.94
34.22
273.80
274.57
276.03
277.35
278.47
279.69
280.52
280.88
280.63
279.51
277.04
272.08
259.02
0.42311
0.43251
0.45136
0.47028
0.48930
0.51330
0.53763
0.56252
0.58812
0.61487
0.64354
0.67605
0.72224
0.49020
0.48001
0.45948
0.43870
0.41746
0.39048
0.36239
0.33279
0.30113
0.26632
0.22638
0.17638
0.09169
0.91331
0.91252
0.91084
0.90898
0.90676
0.90379
0.90002
0.89531
0.88925
0.88120
0.86991
0.85243
0.81393
1191.0
1253.6
1386.2
1529.1
1682.8
1891.0
2118.2
2365.8
2635.3
2928.2
3246.9
3594.1
3975.1
Source of Data: Tables A-11 through A-13 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The
routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner–Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International
Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures
up to 70 MPa,” Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data, 23(5), 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 2408C
(and 2408F).
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 989
12/11/15 6:45 PM
990
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–12
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Press., Sat.
P
temp.,
kPa
Tsat 8C
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
240
280
320
360
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2500
3000
0.0007097
0.0007143
0.0007184
0.0007222
0.0007258
0.0007323
0.0007381
0.0007435
0.0007485
0.0007532
0.0007618
0.0007697
0.0007771
0.0007840
0.0007905
0.0007983
0.0008058
0.0008129
0.0008198
0.0008265
0.0008331
0.0008395
0.0008457
0.0008519
0.0008580
0.0008640
0.0008700
0.0008935
0.0009167
0.0009400
0.0009639
0.0009887
0.0010567
0.0011410
0.31108
0.26921
0.23749
0.21261
0.19255
0.16216
0.14020
0.12355
0.11049
0.099951
0.083983
0.072434
0.063681
0.056809
0.051266
0.045677
0.041168
0.037452
0.034335
0.031680
0.029392
0.027398
0.025645
0.024091
0.022703
0.021456
0.020329
0.016728
0.014119
0.012134
0.010568
0.009297
0.006941
0.005272
3.795
7.672
11.14
14.30
17.19
22.38
26.96
31.06
34.81
38.26
44.46
49.95
54.90
59.42
63.61
68.44
72.92
77.09
81.01
84.72
88.24
91.59
94.80
97.88
100.84
103.70
106.47
116.72
125.96
134.45
142.36
149.81
167.02
183.09
205.34
203.23
201.33
199.60
198.01
195.15
192.60
190.31
188.20
186.25
182.71
179.54
176.65
173.99
171.49
168.58
165.86
163.29
160.84
158.51
156.27
154.11
152.02
150.00
148.03
146.11
144.24
137.12
130.44
124.05
117.85
111.75
96.47
80.17
209.13
210.90
212.48
213.90
215.21
217.53
219.56
221.37
223.01
224.51
227.17
229.49
231.55
233.41
235.10
237.03
238.77
240.38
241.86
243.23
244.51
245.70
246.82
247.88
248.88
249.82
250.71
253.84
256.40
258.50
260.21
261.56
263.49
263.26
3.837
7.722
11.20
14.36
17.27
22.47
27.06
31.18
34.94
38.41
44.64
50.16
55.14
59.70
63.92
68.80
73.32
77.54
81.50
85.26
88.82
92.22
95.48
98.61
101.62
104.52
107.34
117.79
127.25
135.96
144.09
151.78
169.66
186.51
223.96
222.02
220.27
218.67
217.19
214.52
212.13
209.96
207.95
206.09
202.68
199.61
196.78
194.15
191.68
188.78
186.04
183.44
180.95
178.56
176.26
174.03
171.86
169.75
167.69
165.68
163.70
156.12
148.92
141.96
135.14
128.36
111.18
92.57
236.95
233.87
231.13
228.65
226.37
222.32
218.77
215.60
212.73
210.09
25.38
21.25
2.46
5.82
8.91
12.46
15.71
18.73
21.55
24.20
26.69
29.06
31.31
33.45
35.51
37.48
39.37
46.29
52.40
57.88
62.87
67.45
77.54
86.16
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 990
Entropy,
kJ/kg∙K
Sat.
vapor,
hg
227.80
229.74
231.47
233.04
234.46
236.99
239.19
241.14
242.90
244.50
247.32
249.77
251.93
253.86
255.61
257.58
259.36
260.98
262.46
263.82
265.08
266.25
267.34
268.36
269.31
270.20
271.04
273.92
276.17
277.92
279.23
280.15
280.84
279.08
Sat.
liquid,
sf
0.01633
0.03264
0.04707
0.06003
0.07182
0.09269
0.11080
0.12686
0.14131
0.15449
0.17786
0.19822
0.21631
0.23265
0.24757
0.26462
0.28021
0.29460
0.30799
0.32052
0.33232
0.34348
0.35408
0.36417
0.37383
0.38307
0.39196
0.42449
0.45325
0.47921
0.50304
0.52519
0.57542
0.62133
Evap.,
sfg
0.94812
0.92783
0.91009
0.89431
0.88008
0.85520
0.83387
0.81517
0.79848
0.78339
0.75689
0.73406
0.71395
0.69591
0.67954
0.66093
0.64399
0.62842
0.61398
0.60048
0.58780
0.57582
0.56445
0.55362
0.54326
0.53333
0.52378
0.48870
0.45742
0.42881
0.40213
0.37684
0.31701
0.25759
Sat.
vapor,
sg
0.96445
0.96047
0.95716
0.95434
0.95191
0.94789
0.94467
0.94202
0.93979
0.93788
0.93475
0.93228
0.93026
0.92856
0.92711
0.92555
0.92420
0.92302
0.92196
0.92100
0.92012
0.91930
0.91853
0.91779
0.91709
0.91641
0.91574
0.91320
0.91067
0.90802
0.90517
0.90204
0.89243
0.87893
12/11/15 6:45 PM
991
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–13
Superheated refrigerant-134a
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.06 MPa (Tsat 5 236.958C)
Sat.
220
210
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.31108
0.33608
0.35048
0.36476
0.37893
0.39302
0.40705
0.42102
0.43495
0.44883
0.46269
0.47651
0.49032
0.50410
Sat.
210
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.11049
0.11189
0.11722
0.12240
0.12748
0.13248
0.13741
0.14230
0.14715
0.15196
0.15673
0.16149
0.16622
Sat.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
0.07243
0.07282
0.07646
0.07997
0.08338
0.08672
0.09000
0.09324
0.09644
0.09961
0.10275
0.10587
0.10897
0.11205
0.11512
0.11818
209.13
220.62
227.57
234.67
241.94
249.37
256.97
264.73
272.66
280.75
289.01
297.43
306.02
314.76
227.80
240.78
248.60
256.56
264.68
272.95
281.39
289.99
298.75
307.68
316.77
326.02
335.43
345.01
0.9645
1.0175
1.0478
1.0775
1.1067
1.1354
1.1637
1.1916
1.2192
1.2464
1.2732
1.2998
1.3261
1.3521
P 5 0.18 MPa (Tsat 5 212.738C)
223.01
225.04
232.49
240.02
247.66
255.43
263.33
271.38
279.58
287.93
296.43
305.09
313.90
242.90
245.18
253.59
262.05
270.60
279.27
288.07
297.00
306.07
315.28
324.65
334.16
343.82
0.9398
0.9485
0.9799
1.0103
1.0400
1.0691
1.0976
1.1257
1.1533
1.1806
1.2075
1.2340
1.2603
P 5 0.28 MPa (Tsat 5 21.258C)
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 991
229.49
230.46
238.29
246.15
254.08
262.12
270.28
278.58
287.01
295.59
304.30
313.17
322.18
331.34
340.65
350.11
249.77
250.85
259.70
268.54
277.42
286.40
295.48
304.69
314.01
323.48
333.07
342.81
352.69
362.72
372.88
383.20
0.9323
0.9362
0.9681
0.9987
1.0285
1.0577
1.0862
1.1143
1.1419
1.1690
1.1958
1.2223
1.2484
1.2742
1.2998
1.3251
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.10 MPa (Tsat 5 226.378C)
0.19255
0.19841
0.20743
0.21630
0.22506
0.23373
0.24233
0.25088
0.25937
0.26783
0.27626
0.28465
0.29303
0.30138
215.21
219.68
226.77
233.97
241.32
248.81
256.46
264.27
272.24
280.36
288.65
297.10
305.71
314.48
234.46
239.52
247.51
255.60
263.82
272.18
280.69
289.36
298.17
307.15
316.28
325.57
335.01
344.61
0.9519
0.9721
1.0031
1.0333
1.0628
1.0919
1.1204
1.1485
1.1762
1.2036
1.2306
1.2573
1.2836
1.3097
P 5 0.20 MPa (Tsat 5 210.098C)
0.09995
0.09991
0.10481
0.10955
0.11418
0.11874
0.12322
0.12766
0.13206
0.13641
0.14074
0.14504
0.14933
224.51
224.57
232.11
239.69
247.36
255.16
263.09
271.16
279.38
287.75
296.27
304.93
313.75
244.50
244.56
253.07
261.60
270.20
278.91
287.74
296.70
305.79
315.03
324.41
333.94
343.62
0.9379
0.9381
0.9699
1.0005
1.0304
1.0596
1.0882
1.1164
1.1441
1.1714
1.1984
1.2250
1.2513
P 5 0.32 MPa (Tsat 5 2.468C)
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.14 MPa (Tsat 5 218.778C)
0.14020
219.56
239.19
0.9447
0.14605
0.15263
0.15908
0.16544
0.17172
0.17794
0.18412
0.19025
0.19635
0.20242
0.20847
0.21449
225.93
233.25
240.68
248.24
255.95
263.80
271.81
279.97
288.29
296.77
305.40
314.19
246.37
254.61
262.95
271.40
279.99
288.72
297.59
306.61
315.78
325.11
334.59
344.22
0.9724
1.0032
1.0331
1.0625
1.0913
1.1196
1.1475
1.1750
1.2021
1.2289
1.2554
1.2815
P 5 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5 25.388C)
0.08398
227.17
247.32
0.9348
0.08617
0.09026
0.09423
0.09812
0.10193
0.10570
0.10942
0.11310
0.11675
0.12038
0.12398
231.30
239.00
246.76
254.63
262.61
270.73
278.98
287.38
295.93
304.62
313.46
251.98
260.66
269.38
278.17
287.07
296.09
305.24
314.53
323.95
333.51
343.22
0.9520
0.9832
1.0134
1.0429
1.0718
1.1002
1.1281
1.1555
1.1826
1.2093
1.2356
P 5 0.40 MPa (Tsat 5 8.918C)
0.06368
231.55
251.93
0.9303
0.051266 235.10
255.61
0.9271
0.06609
0.06925
0.07231
0.07530
0.07823
0.08111
0.08395
0.08675
0.08953
0.09229
0.09503
0.09775
0.10045
0.10314
237.56
245.51
253.52
261.62
269.83
278.17
286.64
295.24
303.99
312.87
321.91
331.08
340.41
349.88
258.70
267.67
276.66
285.72
294.87
304.12
313.50
323.00
332.64
342.41
352.31
362.36
372.55
382.89
0.9545
0.9856
1.0158
1.0452
1.0739
1.1022
1.1299
1.1572
1.1841
1.2106
1.2368
1.2627
1.2883
1.3136
0.051506
0.054213
0.056796
0.059292
0.061724
0.064104
0.066443
0.068747
0.071023
0.073274
0.075504
0.077717
0.079913
0.082096
256.59
265.88
275.09
284.32
293.61
302.98
312.45
322.04
331.75
341.59
351.55
361.65
371.89
382.26
0.9306
0.9628
0.9937
1.0237
1.0529
1.0814
1.1095
1.1370
1.1641
1.1908
1.2172
1.2432
1.2689
1.2943
235.99
244.19
252.37
260.60
268.92
277.34
285.88
294.54
303.34
312.28
321.35
330.56
339.92
349.42
12/11/15 6:45 PM
992
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–13
Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded)
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.50 MPa (Tsat 5 15.718C)
Sat.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
0.041168
0.042115
0.044338
0.046456
0.048499
0.050485
0.052427
0.054331
0.056205
0.058053
0.059880
0.061687
0.063479
0.065256
0.067021
0.068775
Sat.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
0.025645
0.027035
0.028547
0.029973
0.031340
0.032659
0.033941
0.035193
0.036420
0.037625
0.038813
0.039985
0.041143
0.042290
0.043427
0.044554
238.77
242.42
250.86
259.27
267.73
276.27
284.91
293.65
302.52
311.52
320.65
329.91
339.31
348.85
358.52
368.34
259.36
263.48
273.03
282.50
291.98
301.51
311.12
320.82
330.63
340.55
350.59
360.75
371.05
381.47
392.04
402.73
0.9242
0.9384
0.9704
1.0011
1.0309
1.0600
1.0884
1.1163
1.1436
1.1706
1.1971
1.2233
1.2492
1.2747
1.3000
1.3250
P 5 0.80 MPa (Tsat 5 31.318C)
246.82
254.84
263.87
272.85
281.83
290.86
299.97
309.17
318.47
327.89
337.42
347.08
356.86
366.78
376.83
387.01
267.34
276.46
286.71
296.82
306.90
316.99
327.12
337.32
347.61
357.99
368.47
379.07
389.78
400.61
411.57
422.65
0.9185
0.9481
0.9803
1.0111
1.0409
1.0699
1.0982
1.1259
1.1531
1.1798
1.2062
1.2321
1.2577
1.2830
1.3081
1.3328
P 5 1.20 MPa (Tsat 5 46.298C)
Sat.
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
0.016728
0.017201
0.018404
0.019502
0.020529
0.021506
0.022442
0.023348
0.024228
0.025086
0.025927
0.026753
0.027566
0.028367
0.029158
253.84
257.64
267.57
277.23
286.77
296.28
305.81
315.40
325.05
334.79
344.63
354.57
364.63
374.80
385.10
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 992
273.92
278.28
289.66
300.63
311.40
322.09
332.74
343.41
354.12
364.90
375.74
386.68
397.71
408.84
420.09
0.9132
0.9268
0.9615
0.9939
1.0249
1.0547
1.0836
1.1119
1.1395
1.1665
1.1931
1.2192
1.2450
1.2704
1.2955
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.60 MPa (Tsat 5 21.558C)
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.70 MPa (Tsat 5 26.698C)
0.034335 241.86 262.46 0.9220
0.029392 244.51
265.08 0.9201
0.035984
0.037865
0.039659
0.041389
0.043069
0.044710
0.046318
0.047900
0.049458
0.050997
0.052519
0.054027
0.055522
0.057006
0.029966
0.031696
0.033322
0.034875
0.036373
0.037829
0.039250
0.040642
0.042010
0.043358
0.044688
0.046004
0.047306
0.048597
268.47
278.59
288.54
298.44
308.34
318.29
328.31
338.41
348.61
358.92
369.34
379.88
390.54
401.32
249.24
257.88
266.50
275.17
283.91
292.74
301.69
310.75
319.93
329.24
338.69
348.26
357.98
367.83
270.83
280.60
290.30
300.00
309.75
319.57
329.48
339.49
349.61
359.84
370.20
380.68
391.29
402.03
0.9500
0.9817
1.0122
1.0417
1.0706
1.0988
1.1265
1.1536
1.1804
1.2068
1.2328
1.2585
1.2838
1.3089
P 5 0.90 MPa (Tsat 5 35.518C)
0.022686
0.023375
0.024809
0.026146
0.027413
0.028630
0.029806
0.030951
0.032068
0.033164
0.034241
0.035302
0.036349
0.037384
0.038408
0.039423
248.82
253.15
262.46
271.62
280.74
289.88
299.08
308.35
317.72
327.19
336.78
346.48
356.30
366.25
376.33
386.54
269.25
274.19
284.79
295.15
305.41
315.65
325.90
336.21
346.58
357.04
367.59
378.25
389.01
399.89
410.89
422.02
0.9169
0.9328
0.9661
0.9977
1.0280
1.0574
1.0861
1.1141
1.1415
1.1684
1.1949
1.2211
1.2468
1.2722
1.2973
1.3221
P 5 1.40 MPa (Tsat 5 52.408C)
247.49
256.41
265.22
274.03
282.88
291.81
300.84
309.96
319.21
328.57
338.06
347.67
357.42
367.31
0.9314
0.9642
0.9955
1.0257
1.0550
1.0835
1.1115
1.1389
1.1659
1.1925
1.2186
1.2445
1.2700
1.2952
P 5 1.00 MPa (Tsat 5 39.378C)
0.020319
0.020406
0.021796
0.023068
0.024261
0.025398
0.026492
0.027552
0.028584
0.029592
0.030581
0.031554
0.032512
0.033457
0.034392
0.035317
250.71
251.32
260.96
270.33
279.61
288.87
298.17
307.52
316.96
326.49
336.12
345.87
355.73
365.71
375.82
386.06
271.04
271.73
282.76
293.40
303.87
314.27
324.66
335.08
345.54
356.08
366.70
377.42
388.24
399.17
410.22
421.38
0.9157
0.9180
0.9526
0.9851
1.0160
1.0459
1.0749
1.1032
1.1309
1.1580
1.1847
1.2110
1.2369
1.2624
1.2876
1.3125
P 5 1.60 MPa (Tsat 5 57.888C)
0.014119 256.40 276.17 0.9107
0.012134
258.50 277.92 0.9080
0.015005
0.016060
0.017023
0.017923
0.018778
0.019597
0.020388
0.021155
0.021904
0.022636
0.023355
0.024061
0.024757
0.012372
0.013430
0.014362
0.015215
0.016014
0.016773
0.017500
0.018201
0.018882
0.019545
0.020194
0.020830
0.021456
260.91
271.78
282.11
292.19
302.16
312.09
322.03
332.02
342.06
352.19
362.40
372.71
383.13
264.46
274.62
284.51
294.28
304.01
313.76
323.55
333.41
343.34
353.37
363.51
373.75
384.12
285.47
297.10
308.34
319.37
330.30
341.19
352.09
363.02
374.01
385.07
396.20
407.43
418.78
0.9389
0.9733
1.0056
1.0364
1.0661
1.0949
1.1230
1.1504
1.1773
1.2038
1.2298
1.2554
1.2808
280.71
293.27
305.09
316.53
327.78
338.93
350.03
361.14
372.27
383.46
394.71
406.04
417.46
0.9164
0.9536
0.9875
1.0195
1.0501
1.0795
1.1081
1.1360
1.1633
1.1901
1.2164
1.2422
1.2677
12/11/15 6:45 PM
993
APPENDIX 1
1250
1200
350
400
110
0
10 5
0
100
0
95
0
90
0
85
0
80
0
300
kg/m 3
1150
250
1300
1400
200
1350
1450
10
150
1500
100
20
450
00
7
500
550
600
0
700
100
120
2
40
24
1
16
12
0.4
8
0.4
6
4
2.3
2
2.4
0
2.4
8
3.2
2.2
4
2.16
kJ/
kg·
K
s=
2.0
8
2.00
1.92
1.76
1.84
1.68
1.60
1.52
1.44
1.36
1.28
1.20
1.12
1.04
0.88
0.80
0.72
–40
2.4
1.6
s
0.1
0.64
0.2
0.96
–20
Pressure, MPa
2
32
20
T = 0‡C
0°C
1
4
90
70
60
50
40
60
R-134a
10
/m33
kg/m
kg
tyh==220000
ensisity
DDen
160
0
50
80
4
750
20
300
400
60
650
350
550
300
280
260
600
650
2.7
2
2.6
4
2.5
6
0.4
s=
2.4
500
240
220
200
180
T = 160∞C
140
120
100
80
60
40
400
450
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
0.8
0.04
0.6
8
0
–20
satura
300
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
X=0
.5
250
–40
ted v
200
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
150
20
apor
liquid
ated
–60
0.02
0.01
100
0.1
1.2
satur
0.04
0.2
700
0.02
0.3
0.01
750
FIGURE A–14
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a.
Note: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R-134a tables. Therefore, problems should be solved using all property
data either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both.
Source of Data: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and ­Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 993
12/11/15 6:45 PM
994
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–15
Properties of saturated water
Volume
Enthalpy
Specific
Thermal
Prandtl
expansion
Saturation
Density
of
heat
conductivity
Dynamic viscosity
number
coefficient
pressure
r, kg/m3
vaporization cp, J/kg·K
k, W/m·K
m, kg/m·s
Pr
b, 1/K
Temp.
T, 8C
Psat, kPa
Liquid
Vapor
hfg, kJ/kg Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid Vapor
Liquid
0.01
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
374.14
0.6113
0.8721
1.2276
1.7051
2.339
3.169
4.246
5.628
7.384
9.593
12.35
15.76
19.94
25.03
31.19
38.58
47.39
57.83
70.14
84.55
101.33
143.27
198.53
270.1
361.3
475.8
617.8
791.7
1,002.1
1,254.4
1,553.8
2,318
3,344
4,688
6,412
8,581
11,274
14,586
18,651
22,090
999.8
0.0048
999.9
0.0068
999.7
0.0094
999.1
0.0128
998.0
0.0173
997.0
0.0231
996.0
0.0304
994.0
0.0397
992.1
0.0512
990.1
0.0655
988.1
0.0831
985.2
0.1045
983.3
0.1304
980.4
0.1614
977.5
0.1983
974.7
0.2421
971.8
0.2935
968.1
0.3536
965.3
0.4235
961.5
0.5045
957.9
0.5978
950.6
0.8263
943.4
1.121
934.6
1.496
921.7
1.965
916.6
2.546
907.4
3.256
897.7
4.119
887.3
5.153
876.4
6.388
864.3
7.852
840.3 11.60
813.7 16.73
783.7 23.69
750.8 33.15
713.8 46.15
667.1 64.57
610.5 92.62
528.3 144.0
317.0 317.0
2501
2490
2478
2466
2454
2442
2431
2419
2407
2395
2383
2371
2359
2346
2334
2321
2309
2296
2283
2270
2257
2230
2203
2174
2145
2114
2083
2050
2015
1979
1941
1859
1767
1663
1544
1405
1239
1028
720
0
4217
1854
4205
1857
4194
1862
4185
1863
4182
1867
4180
1870
4178
1875
4178
1880
4179
1885
4180
1892
4181
1900
4183
1908
4185
1916
4187
1926
4190
1936
4193
1948
4197
1962
4201
1977
4206
1993
4212
2010
4217
2029
4229
2071
4244
2120
4263
2177
4286
2244
4311
2314
4340
2420
4370
2490
4410
2590
4460
2710
4500
2840
4610
3110
4760
3520
4970
4070
5280
4835
5750
5980
6540
7900
8240 11,870
14,690 25,800
—
—
0.561
0.571
0.580
0.589
0.598
0.607
0.615
0.623
0.631
0.637
0.644
0.649
0.654
0.659
0.663
0.667
0.670
0.673
0.675
0.677
0.679
0.682
0.683
0.684
0.683
0.682
0.680
0.677
0.673
0.669
0.663
0.650
0.632
0.609
0.581
0.548
0.509
0.469
0.427
—
0.0171
0.0173
0.0176
0.0179
0.0182
0.0186
0.0189
0.0192
0.0196
0.0200
0.0204
0.0208
0.0212
0.0216
0.0221
0.0225
0.0230
0.0235
0.0240
0.0246
0.0251
0.0262
0.0275
0.0288
0.0301
0.0316
0.0331
0.0347
0.0364
0.0382
0.0401
0.0442
0.0487
0.0540
0.0605
0.0695
0.0836
0.110
0.178
—
1.792
1.519
1.307
1.138
1.002
0.891
0.798
0.720
0.653
0.596
0.547
0.504
0.467
0.433
0.404
0.378
0.355
0.333
0.315
0.297
0.282
0.255
0.232
0.213
0.197
0.183
0.170
0.160
0.150
0.142
0.134
0.122
0.111
0.102
0.094
0.086
0.078
0.070
0.060
0.043
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
0.922
0.934
0.946
0.959
0.973
0.987
1.001
1.016
1.031
1.046
1.062
1.077
1.093
1.110
1.126
1.142
1.159
1.176
1.193
1.210
1.227
1.261
1.296
1.330
1.365
1.399
1.434
1.468
1.502
1.537
1.571
1.641
1.712
1.788
1.870
1.965
2.084
2.255
2.571
4.313
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
13.5
11.2
9.45
8.09
7.01
6.14
5.42
4.83
4.32
3.91
3.55
3.25
2.99
2.75
2.55
2.38
2.22
2.08
1.96
1.85
1.75
1.58
1.44
1.33
1.24
1.16
1.09
1.03
0.983
0.947
0.910
0.865
0.836
0.832
0.854
0.902
1.00
1.23
2.06
1.00 20.068 3 1023
1.00 0.015 3 1023
1.00 0.733 3 1023
1.00 0.138 3 1023
1.00 0.195 3 1023
1.00 0.247 3 1023
1.00 0.294 3 1023
1.00 0.337 3 1023
1.00 0.377 3 1023
1.00 0.415 3 1023
1.00 0.451 3 1023
1.00 0.484 3 1023
1.00 0.517 3 1023
1.00 0.548 3 1023
1.00 0.578 3 1023
1.00 0.607 3 1023
1.00 0.653 3 1023
1.00 0.670 3 1023
1.00 0.702 3 1023
1.00 0.716 3 1023
1.00 0.750 3 1023
1.00 0.798 3 1023
1.00 0.858 3 1023
1.01 0.913 3 1023
1.02 0.970 3 1023
1.02 1.025 3 1023
1.05 1.145 3 1023
1.05 1.178 3 1023
1.07 1.210 3 1023
1.09 1.280 3 1023
1.11 1.350 3 1023
1.15 1.520 3 1023
1.24 1.720 3 1023
1.35 2.000 3 1023
1.49 2.380 3 1023
1.69 2.950 3 1023
1.97
2.43
3.73
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n 5 m/r and a 5 k/rcp 5 n/Pr. The temperatures 0.018C, 1008C, and
374.148C are the triple-, boiling-, and critical-point temperatures of water, respectively. The properties listed here (except the vapor density) can be used at any pressure
with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg·8C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg·K, and the unit W/m·8C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m·K.
Source: Viscosity and thermal conductivity data are from J. V. Sengers and J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15 (1986),
pp. 1291–1322. Other data are obtained from various sources or calculated.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 994
12/11/15 6:45 PM
995
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–16
Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a
Volume
Enthalpy
Density
of
Saturation
3
r, kg/m
vaporization
Temp. pressure
T, 8C
P, kPa
240
235
230
225
220
215
210
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
51.2
66.2
84.4
106.5
132.8
164.0
200.7
243.5
293.0
349.9
414.9
488.7
572.1
665.8
770.6
887.5
1017.1
1160.5
1318.6
1492.3
1682.8
1891.0
2118.2
2365.8
2635.2
2928.2
3246.9
3594.1
3975.1
Liquid
Vapor
1418
1403
1389
1374
1359
1343
1327
1311
1295
1278
1261
1244
1226
1207
1188
1168
1147
1125
1102
1078
1053
1026
996.2
964
928.2
887.1
837.7
772.5
651.7
2.773
3.524
4.429
5.509
6.787
8.288
10.04
12.07
14.42
17.12
20.22
23.75
27.77
32.34
37.53
43.41
50.08
57.66
66.27
76.11
87.38
100.4
115.6
133.6
155.3
182.3
217.8
269.3
376.3
Specific
heat
cp, J/kg·K
hfg, kJ/kg Liquid
225.9
222.7
219.5
216.3
213.0
209.5
206.0
202.4
198.7
194.8
190.8
186.6
182.3
177.8
173.1
168.2
163.0
157.6
151.8
145.7
139.1
132.1
124.4
115.9
106.4
95.4
82.2
64.9
33.9
1254
1264
1273
1283
1294
1306
1318
1330
1344
1358
1374
1390
1408
1427
1448
1471
1498
1529
1566
1608
1659
1722
1801
1907
2056
2287
2701
3675
7959
Thermal Prandtl
conductivity
Dynamic Viscosity
number
k, W/m·K
m, kg/m·s
Pr
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
748.6
764.1
780.2
797.2
814.9
833.5
853.1
873.8
895.6
918.7
943.2
969.4
997.6
1028
1061
1098
1138
1184
1237
1298
1372
1462
1577
1731
1948
2281
2865
4144
8785
0.1101
0.1084
0.1066
0.1047
0.1028
0.1009
0.0989
0.0968
0.0947
0.0925
0.0903
0.0880
0.0856
0.0833
0.0808
0.0783
0.0757
0.0731
0.0704
0.0676
0.0647
0.0618
0.0587
0.0555
0.0521
0.0484
0.0444
0.0396
0.0322
0.00811
0.00862
0.00913
0.00963
0.01013
0.01063
0.01112
0.01161
0.01210
0.01259
0.01308
0.01357
0.01406
0.01456
0.01507
0.01558
0.01610
0.01664
0.01720
0.01777
0.01838
0.01902
0.01972
0.02048
0.02133
0.02233
0.02357
0.02544
0.02989
Liquid
4.878
4.509
4.178
3.882
3.614
3.371
3.150
2.947
2.761
2.589
2.430
2.281
2.142
2.012
1.888
1.772
1.660
1.554
1.453
1.355
1.260
1.167
1.077
9.891
9.011
8.124
7.203
6.190
4.765
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
Vapor
2.550
3.003
3.504
4.054
4.651
5.295
5.982
6.709
7.471
8.264
9.081
9.915
1.075
1.160
1.244
1.327
1.408
1.486
1.562
1.634
1.704
1.771
1.839
1.908
1.982
2.071
2.187
2.370
2.833
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Liquid
1026 5.558
1026 5.257
1026 4.992
1026 4.757
1026 4.548
1026 4.363
1026 4.198
1026 4.051
1026 3.919
1026 3.802
1026 3.697
1026 3.604
1025 3.521
1025 3.448
1025 3.383
1025 3.328
1025 3.285
1025 3.253
1025 3.231
1025 3.223
1025 3.229
1025 3.255
1025 3.307
1025 3.400
1025 3.558
1025 3.837
1025 4.385
1025 5.746
1025 11.77
Vapor
expansion
coefficient Surface
tension,
b, 1/K
Liquid
N/m
0.235
0.266
0.299
0.335
0.374
0.415
0.459
0.505
0.553
0.603
0.655
0.708
0.763
0.819
0.877
0.935
0.995
1.058
1.123
1.193
1.272
1.362
1.471
1.612
1.810
2.116
2.658
3.862
8.326
0.00205
0.00209
0.00215
0.00220
0.00227
0.00233
0.00241
0.00249
0.00258
0.00269
0.00280
0.00293
0.00307
0.00324
0.00342
0.00364
0.00390
0.00420
0.00455
0.00500
0.00554
0.00624
0.00716
0.00843
0.01031
0.01336
0.01911
0.03343
0.10047
0.01760
0.01682
0.01604
0.01527
0.01451
0.01376
0.01302
0.01229
0.01156
0.01084
0.01014
0.00944
0.00876
0.00808
0.00742
0.00677
0.00613
0.00550
0.00489
0.00429
0.00372
0.00315
0.00261
0.00209
0.00160
0.00114
0.00071
0.00033
0.00004
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n 5 m/r and a 5 k/rcp 5 n/Pr. The properties listed here (except the
vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg·8C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg·K, and the unit W/m·8C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m·K.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: R. Tillner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, “An International
Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to
70 MPa,” Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994; M.J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, and J. H. Dymond, “Viscosity and Thermal
Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants,” IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525–535, 1999; NIST REFPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E. W.
Lemmon, and A. P. Peskin, Physical and ­Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995).
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 995
12/11/15 6:45 PM
996
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–17
Properties of saturated ammonia
hfg, kJ/kg Liquid Vapor
Volume
ThermalPrandtl
Expansion
conductivity
Dynamic Viscosity
number coefficient
k, W/m·K
m, kg/m·s
Pr
b, 1/K
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid
Vapor
Liquid Vapor
Liquid
1389
1360
1345
1329
1313
1297
1280
1262
1244
1226
1206
1186
1166
1144
1122
1099
1075
1051
1025
997.4
968.9
939.0
907.5
874.1
838.6
800.6
759.8
715.5
—
—
0.5968
0.5853
0.5737
0.5621
0.5505
0.5390
0.5274
0.5158
0.5042
0.4927
0.4811
0.4695
0.4579
0.4464
0.4348
0.4232
0.4116
0.4001
0.3885
0.3769
0.3653
0.3538
0.3422
0.3306
0.3190
0.3075
Specific
Enthalpy
Density
heat
of
Saturation
r, kg/m3
vaporization cp, J/kg·K
Temp. pressure
T, 8C
P, kPa
Liquid
Vapor
240
230
225
220
215
210
25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
71.66
119.4
151.5
190.1
236.2
290.8
354.9
429.6
516
615.3
728.8
857.8
1003
1167
1351
1555
1782
2033
2310
2614
2948
3312
3709
4141
4609
5116
5665
6257
690.2
677.8
671.5
665.1
658.6
652.1
645.4
638.6
631.7
624.6
617.5
610.2
602.8
595.2
587.4
579.4
571.3
562.9
554.2
545.2
536.0
526.3
516.2
505.7
494.5
482.8
470.2
456.6
0.6435
1.037
1.296
1.603
1.966
2.391
2.886
3.458
4.116
4.870
5.729
6.705
7.809
9.055
10.46
12.03
13.8
15.78
18.00
20.48
23.26
26.39
29.90
33.87
38.36
43.48
49.35
56.15
4414
4465
4489
4514
4538
4564
4589
4617
4645
4676
4709
4745
4784
4828
4877
4932
4993
5063
5143
5234
5340
5463
5608
5780
5988
6242
6561
6972
2242
2322
2369
2420
2476
2536
2601
2672
2749
2831
2920
3016
3120
3232
3354
3486
3631
3790
3967
4163
4384
4634
4923
5260
5659
6142
6740
7503
0.01792
0.01898
0.01957
0.02015
0.02075
0.02138
0.02203
0.02270
0.02341
0.02415
0.02492
0.02573
0.02658
0.02748
0.02843
0.02943
0.03049
0.03162
0.03283
0.03412
0.03550
0.03700
0.03862
0.04038
0.04232
0.04447
0.04687
0.04958
2.926
2.630
2.492
2.361
2.236
2.117
2.003
1.896
1.794
1.697
1.606
1.519
1.438
1.361
1.288
1.219
1.155
1.094
1.037
9.846
9.347
8.879
8.440
8.030
7.646
7.284
6.946
6.628
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
7.957
8.311
8.490
8.669
8.851
9.034
9.218
9.405
9.593
9.784
9.978
1.017
1.037
1.057
1.078
1.099
1.121
1.143
1.166
1.189
1.213
1.238
1.264
1.292
1.322
1.354
1.389
1.429
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
—
—
1.875
1.821
1.769
1.718
1.670
1.624
1.580
1.539
1.500
1.463
1.430
1.399
1.372
1.347
1.327
1.310
1.297
1.288
1.285
1.287
1.296
1.312
1.338
1.375
1.429
1.503
0.9955
1.017
1.028
1.041
1.056
1.072
1.089
1.107
1.126
1.147
1.169
1.193
1.218
1.244
1.272
1.303
1.335
1.371
1.409
1.452
1.499
1.551
1.612
1.683
1.768
1.871
1.999
2.163
0.00176
0.00185
0.00190
0.00194
0.00199
0.00205
0.00210
0.00216
0.00223
0.00230
0.00237
0.00245
0.00254
0.00264
0.00275
0.00287
0.00301
0.00316
0.00334
0.00354
0.00377
0.00404
0.00436
0.00474
0.00521
0.00579
0.00652
0.00749
Surface
tension,
N/m
0.03565
0.03341
0.03229
0.03118
0.03007
0.02896
0.02786
0.02676
0.02566
0.02457
0.02348
0.02240
0.02132
0.02024
0.01917
0.01810
0.01704
0.01598
0.01493
0.01389
0.01285
0.01181
0.01079
0.00977
0.00876
0.00776
0.00677
0.00579
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n 5 m/r and a 5 k/rcp 5 n/Pr. The properties listed here (except the
vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg·8C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg·K, and the unit W/m·8C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m·K.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenberg, and Baehr, “Eine neue
Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak,” DKV-Tagungsbericht 20:167–181, 1993; Liley and Desai, “Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,” ASHRAE, 1993,
ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 996
12/11/15 6:45 PM
997
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–18
Properties of saturated propane
Specific Thermal
Enthalpy
Density
conductivity
Dynamic Viscosity
of heat
Saturation
r, kg/m3
m, kg/m·s
vaporization cp, J/kg·K k, W/m·K
Temp. pressure
T, 8C
P, kPa
2120
0.4053
2110
1.157
2100
2.881
290
6.406
280
12.97
270
24.26
260
42.46
250
70.24
240 110.7
230 167.3
220 243.8
210 344.4
0 473.3
5 549.8
10
635.1
15
729.8
20
834.4
25
949.7
30 1076
35 1215
40 1366
45 1530
50 1708
60 2110
70 2580
80 3127
90 3769
Liquid
Vapor
664.7
0.01408
654.5
0.03776
644.2
0.08872
633.8
0.1870
623.2
0.3602
612.5
0.6439
601.5
1.081
590.3
1.724
578.8
2.629
567.0
3.864
554.7
5.503
542.0
7.635
528.7 10.36
521.8 11.99
514.7 13.81
507.5 15.85
500.0 18.13
492.2 20.68
484.2 23.53
475.8 26.72
467.1 30.29
458.0 34.29
448.5 38.79
427.5 49.66
403.2 64.02
373.0 84.28
329.1 118.6
hfg, kJ/kg
498.3
489.3
480.4
471.5
462.4
453.1
443.5
433.6
423.1
412.1
400.3
387.8
374.2
367.0
359.5
351.7
343.4
334.8
325.8
316.2
306.1
295.3
283.9
258.4
228.0
189.7
133.2
Liquid
2003
2021
2044
2070
2100
2134
2173
2217
2258
2310
2368
2433
2507
2547
2590
2637
2688
2742
2802
2869
2943
3026
3122
3283
3595
4501
6977
Vapor
1115
1148
1183
1221
1263
1308
1358
1412
1471
1535
1605
1682
1768
1814
1864
1917
1974
2036
2104
2179
2264
2361
2473
2769
3241
4173
7239
Liquid
0.1802
0.1738
0.1672
0.1606
0.1539
0.1472
0.1407
0.1343
0.1281
0.1221
0.1163
0.1107
0.1054
0.1028
0.1002
0.0977
0.0952
0.0928
0.0904
0.0881
0.0857
0.0834
0.0811
0.0765
0.0717
0.0663
0.0595
Vapor
0.00589
0.00645
0.00705
0.00769
0.00836
0.00908
0.00985
0.01067
0.01155
0.01250
0.01351
0.01459
0.01576
0.01637
0.01701
0.01767
0.01836
0.01908
0.01982
0.02061
0.02142
0.02228
0.02319
0.02517
0.02746
0.03029
0.03441
Liquid
6.136
5.054
4.252
3.635
3.149
2.755
2.430
2.158
1.926
1.726
1.551
1.397
1.259
1.195
1.135
1.077
1.022
9.702
9.197
8.710
8.240
7.785
7.343
6.487
5.649
4.790
3.807
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
Vapor
4.372
4.625
4.881
5.143
5.409
5.680
5.956
6.239
6.529
6.827
7.136
7.457
7.794
7.970
8.151
8.339
8.534
8.738
8.952
9.178
9.417
9.674
9.950
1.058
1.138
1.249
1.448
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
Liquid
Volume
expansion
coefficient Surface
tension,
b, 1/K
Vapor
Liquid
N/m
6.820
5.878
5.195
4.686
4.297
3.994
3.755
3.563
3.395
3.266
3.158
3.069
2.996
2.964
2.935
2.909
2.886
2.866
2.850
2.837
2.828
2.824
2.826
2.784
2.834
3.251
4.465
0.827
0.822
0.819
0.817
0.817
0.818
0.821
0.825
0.831
0.839
0.848
0.860
0.875
0.883
0.893
0.905
0.918
0.933
0.950
0.971
0.995
1.025
1.061
1.164
1.343
1.722
3.047
Prandtl
number
Pr
0.00153
0.00157
0.00161
0.00166
0.00171
0.00177
0.00184
0.00192
0.00201
0.00213
0.00226
0.00242
0.00262
0.00273
0.00286
0.00301
0.00318
0.00337
0.00358
0.00384
0.00413
0.00448
0.00491
0.00609
0.00811
0.01248
0.02847
0.02630
0.02486
0.02344
0.02202
0.02062
0.01923
0.01785
0.01649
0.01515
0.01382
0.01251
0.01122
0.00996
0.00934
0.00872
0.00811
0.00751
0.00691
0.00633
0.00575
0.00518
0.00463
0.00408
0.00303
0.00204
0.00114
0.00037
Note 1: Kinematic viscosity n and thermal diffusivity a can be calculated from their definitions, n 5 m/r and a 5 k/mcp 5 n/Pr. The properties listed here (except the
vapor density) can be used at any pressures with negligible error except at temperatures near the critical-point value.
Note 2: The unit kJ/kg·8C for specific heat is equivalent to kJ/kg·K, and the unit W/m·8C for thermal conductivity is equivalent to W/m·K.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Reiner Tillner-Roth, “Fundamental Equations of State,”
Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove and J. F. Ely, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane,”
Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data, 16(4), 1987; G.R. Somayajulu, “A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the Critical-Point,”
International Journal of Thermophysics, 16(4), 1988.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 997
12/11/15 6:45 PM
998
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–19
Properties of liquids
Volume
Temp.
Density
T, 8C
r, kg/m3
Specific
heat
cp, J/kg·K
Thermal
conductivity
k, W/m·K
Thermal
diffusivity
a, m2/s
Dynamic
viscosity
m, kg/m·s
Kinematic
viscosity
n, m2/s
Prandtl
number
Pr
expansion
coeff.
b, 1/K
Methane [CH4]
2160
2150
2140
2130
2120
2110
2100
290
420.2
405.0
388.8
371.1
351.4
328.8
301.0
261.7
3492
3580
3700
3875
4146
4611
5578
8902
0.1863
0.1703
0.1550
0.1402
0.1258
0.1115
0.0967
0.0797
1.270
1.174
1.077
9.749
8.634
7.356
5.761
3.423
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1.133
9.169
7.551
6.288
5.257
4.377
3.577
2.761
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
2.699
2.264
1.942
1.694
1.496
1.331
1.188
1.055
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
2.126
1.927
1.803
1.738
1.732
1.810
2.063
3.082
0.00352
0.00391
0.00444
0.00520
0.00637
0.00841
0.01282
0.02922
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
7.429
6.531
5.795
5.185
4.677
4.250
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
7.414
6.622
5.980
5.453
5.018
4.655
0.00118
0.00120
0.00123
0.00127
0.00132
0.00137
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1025
1025
1.360
8.531
5.942
4.420
3.432
2.743
2.233
1.836
1.509
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
12.65
8.167
6.079
4.963
4.304
3.880
3.582
3.363
3.256
0.00142
0.00150
0.00161
0.00177
0.00199
0.00232
0.00286
0.00385
0.00628
8.219
5.287
3.339
1.970
1.201
7.878
5.232
3.464
2.455
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1024
1024
1024
1024
84,101
54,327
34,561
20,570
12,671
8,392
5,631
3,767
2,697
4.242
9.429
2.485
8.565
3.794
2.046
1.241
8.029
6.595
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1023
1024
1024
1025
1025
1025
1025
1026
1026
46,636
10,863
2,962
1,080
499.3
279.1
176.3
118.1
98.31
Methanol [CH3(OH)]
20
30
40
50
60
70
788.4
779.1
769.6
760.1
750.4
740.4
2515
2577
2644
2718
2798
2885
0.1987
0.1980
0.1972
0.1965
0.1957
0.1950
1.002
9.862
9.690
9.509
9.320
9.128
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
5.857
5.088
4.460
3.942
3.510
3.146
Isobutane (R600a)
2100
275
250
225
0
25
50
75
100
683.8
659.3
634.3
608.2
580.6
550.7
517.3
478.5
429.6
1881
1970
2069
2180
2306
2455
2640
2896
3361
0.1383
0.1357
0.1283
0.1181
0.1068
0.0956
0.0851
0.0757
0.0669
1.075
1.044
9.773
8.906
7.974
7.069
6.233
5.460
4.634
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
9.305
5.624
3.769
2.688
1.993
1.510
1.155
8.785
6.483
Glycerin
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1276
1273
1270
1267
1264
1261
1258
1255
1252
2262
2288
2320
2354
2386
2416
2447
2478
2513
0.2820
0.2835
0.2846
0.2856
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
0.2863
9.773
9.732
9.662
9.576
9.484
9.388
9.291
9.195
9.101
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
10.49
6.730
4.241
2.496
1.519
0.9934
0.6582
0.4347
0.3073
Engine Oil (unused)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
150
899.0
888.1
876.0
863.9
852.0
840.0
828.9
816.8
810.3
1797
1881
1964
2048
2132
2220
2308
2395
2441
0.1469
0.1450
0.1444
0.1404
0.1380
0.1367
0.1347
0.1330
0.1327
9.097
8.680
8.391
7.934
7.599
7.330
7.042
6.798
6.708
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
3.814
0.8374
0.2177
0.07399
0.03232
0.01718
0.01029
0.006558
0.005344
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 998
12/11/15 6:45 PM
999
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–20
Properties of liquid metals
Volume
Temp.
Density
T, 8C
r, kg/m3
Specific
heat
cp, J/kg·K
Thermal
conductivity
k, W/m·K
Thermal
diffusivity
a, m2/s
Dynamic
viscosity
m, kg/m·s
Kinematic
viscosity
n, m2/s
Prandtl
number
Pr
expansion
coeff.
b, 1/K
Mercury (Hg) Melting Point: 2398C
0
25
50
75
100
150
200
250
300
13595
13534
13473
13412
13351
13231
13112
12993
12873
140.4
139.4
138.6
137.8
137.1
136.1
135.5
135.3
135.3
8.18200
8.51533
8.83632
9.15632
9.46706
10.07780
10.65465
11.18150
11.68150
4.287
4.514
4.734
4.956
5.170
5.595
5.996
6.363
6.705
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1.687
1.534
1.423
1.316
1.245
1.126
1.043
9.820
9.336
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1024
1024
1.241
1.133
1.056
9.819
9.326
8.514
7.959
7.558
7.252
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
0.0289
0.0251
0.0223
0.0198
0.0180
0.0152
0.0133
0.0119
0.0108
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.815
1.829
1.854
1023
1023
1023
1023
1024
1.545
1.436
1.215
1.048
9.157
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1027
1028
0.01381
0.01310
0.01154
0.01022
0.00906
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
1023
2.167
1.976
1.814
1.702
1.589
1.475
1.360
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
0.02252
0.02048
0.01879
0.01771
0.01661
0.01549
0.01434
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
7.432
5.967
4.418
3.188
2.909
2.614
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
0.01106
0.008987
0.006751
0.004953
0.004593
0.004202
4.213
3.456
2.652
2.304
2.126
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
0.006023
0.004906
0.00374
0.003309
0.003143
3
3
3
3
3
3
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
1027
0.02102
0.01611
0.01161
0.00753
0.00665
0.00579
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
Bismuth (Bi) Melting Point: 2718C
350
400
500
600
700
9969
9908
9785
9663
9540
146.0
148.2
152.8
157.3
161.8
16.28
16.10
15.74
15.60
15.60
1.118
1.096
1.052
1.026
1.010
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1.540
1.422
1.188
1.013
8.736
3
3
3
3
3
Lead (Pb) Melting Point: 327 8C
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
10506
10449
10390
10329
10267
10206
10145
158
156
155
155
155
155
155
15.97
15.74
15.54
15.39
15.23
15.07
14.91
9.623
9.649
9.651
9.610
9.568
9.526
9.483
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
1026
2.277
2.065
1.884
1.758
1.632
1.505
1.379
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Sodium (Na) Melting Point: 98 8C
100
200
300
400
500
600
927.3
902.5
877.8
853.0
828.5
804.0
1378
1349
1320
1296
1284
1272
85.84
80.84
75.84
71.20
67.41
63.63
6.718
6.639
6.544
6.437
6.335
6.220
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
6.892
5.385
3.878
2.720
2.411
2.101
3
3
3
3
3
3
Potassium (K) Melting Point: 648C
200
300
400
500
600
795.2
771.6
748.0
723.9
699.6
790.8
772.8
754.8
750.0
750.0
43.99
42.01
40.03
37.81
35.50
6.995
7.045
7.090
6.964
6.765
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
3.350
2.667
1.984
1.668
1.487
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
Sodium-Potassium (%22Na–%78K) Melting Point: 2118C
100
200
300
400
500
600
847.3
823.2
799.1
775.0
751.5
728.0
944.4
922.5
900.6
879.0
880.1
881.2
25.64
26.27
26.89
27.50
27.89
28.28
3.205
3.459
3.736
4.037
4.217
4.408
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
5.707
4.587
3.467
2.357
2.108
1.859
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
6.736
5.572
4.339
3.041
2.805
2.553
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 999
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1000
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–21
Ideal-gas properties of air
T
K
h
kJ/kg
Pr
u
kJ/kg
vr
s8
kJ/kg·K
T
K
h u
kJ/kg
Pr
kJ/kg
vr
s8
kJ/kg·K
200
210
220
230
240
199.97
209.97
219.97
230.02
240.02
0.3363
0.3987
0.4690
0.5477
0.6355
142.56
149.69
156.82
164.00
171.13
1707.0
1512.0
1346.0
1205.0
1084.0
1.29559
1.34444
1.39105
1.43557
1.47824
580
590
600
610
620
586.04
596.52
607.02
617.53
628.07
14.38
15.31
16.28
17.30
18.36
419.55
427.15
434.78
442.42
450.09
115.7
110.6
105.8
101.2
96.92
2.37348
2.39140
2.40902
2.42644
2.44356
250
260
270
280
285
250.05
260.09
270.11
280.13
285.14
0.7329
0.8405
0.9590
1.0889
1.1584
178.28
185.45
192.60
199.75
203.33
979.0
887.8
808.0
738.0
706.1
1.51917
1.55848
1.59634
1.63279
1.65055
630
640
650
660
670
638.63
649.22
659.84
670.47
681.14
19.84
20.64
21.86
23.13
24.46
457.78
465.50
473.25
481.01
488.81
92.84
88.99
85.34
81.89
78.61
2.46048
2.47716
2.49364
2.50985
2.52589
290
295
298
300
305
290.16
295.17
298.18
300.19
305.22
1.2311
1.3068
1.3543
1.3860
1.4686
206.91
210.49
212.64
214.07
217.67
676.1
647.9
631.9
621.2
596.0
1.66802
1.68515
1.69528
1.70203
1.71865
680
690
700
710
720
691.82
702.52
713.27
724.04
734.82
25.85
27.29
28.80
30.38
32.02
496.62
504.45
512.33
520.23
528.14
75.50
72.56
69.76
67.07
64.53
2.54175
2.55731
2.57277
2.58810
2.60319
310
315
320
325
330
310.24
315.27
320.29
325.31
330.34
1.5546
1.6442
1.7375
1.8345
1.9352
221.25
224.85
228.42
232.02
235.61
572.3
549.8
528.6
508.4
489.4
1.73498
1.75106
1.76690
1.78249
1.79783
730
740
750
760
780
745.62
756.44
767.29
778.18
800.03
33.72
35.50
37.35
39.27
43.35
536.07
544.02
551.99
560.01
576.12
62.13
59.82
57.63
55.54
51.64
2.61803
2.63280
2.64737
2.66176
2.69013
340
350
360
370
380
340.42
350.49
360.58
370.67
380.77
2.149
2.379
2.626
2.892
3.176
242.82
250.02
257.24
264.46
271.69
454.1
422.2
393.4
367.2
343.4
1.82790
1.85708
1.88543
1.91313
1.94001
800
820
840
860
880
821.95
843.98
866.08
888.27
910.56
47.75
52.59
57.60
63.09
68.98
592.30
608.59
624.95
641.40
657.95
48.08
44.84
41.85
39.12
36.61
2.71787
2.74504
2.77170
2.79783
2.82344
390
400
410
420
430
390.88
400.98
411.12
421.26
431.43
3.481
3.806
4.153
4.522
4.915
278.93
286.16
293.43
300.69
307.99
321.5
301.6
283.3
266.6
251.1
1.96633
1.99194
2.01699
2.04142
2.06533
900
920
940
960
980
932.93
955.38
977.92
1000.55
1023.25
75.29
82.05
89.28
97.00
105.2
674.58
691.28
708.08
725.02
741.98
34.31
32.18
30.22
28.40
26.73
2.84856
2.87324
2.89748
2.92128
2.94468
440
450
460
470
480
441.61
451.80
462.02
472.24
482.49
5.332
5.775
6.245
6.742
7.268
315.30
322.62
329.97
337.32
344.70
236.8
223.6
211.4
200.1
189.5
2.08870
2.11161
2.13407
2.15604
2.17760
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1046.04
1068.89
1091.85
1114.86
1137.89
114.0
123.4
133.3
143.9
155.2
758.94
776.10
793.36
810.62
827.88
25.17
23.72
23.29
21.14
19.98
2.96770
2.99034
3.01260
3.03449
3.05608
490
500
510
520
530
492.74
503.02
513.32
523.63
533.98
7.824
8.411
9.031
9.684
10.37
352.08
359.49
366.92
374.36
381.84
179.7
170.6
162.1
154.1
146.7
2.19876
2.21952
2.23993
2.25997
2.27967
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1161.07
1184.28
1207.57
1230.92
1254.34
167.1
179.7
193.1
207.2
222.2
845.33
862.79
880.35
897.91
915.57
18.896
17.886
16.946
16.064
15.241
3.07732
3.09825
3.11883
3.13916
3.15916
540
550
560
570
544.35
555.74
565.17
575.59
11.10
11.86
12.66
13.50
389.34
396.86
404.42
411.97
139.7
133.1
127.0
121.2
2.29906
2.31809
2.33685
2.35531
1200
1220
1240
1277.79
1301.31
1324.93
238.0
254.7
272.3
933.33
951.09
968.95
14.470
13.747
13.069
3.17888
3.19834
3.21751
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1000
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1001
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–21
Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded)
T
K
hus8
kJ/kg
Pr
kJ/kg
vr
kJ/kg·K
T
K
h
kJ/kg
Pr
u
kJ/kg
vr
1260
1280
1348.55
1372.24
290.8
310.4
986.90
1004.76
12.435 3.23638
11.835 3.25510
1600 1757.57
1620 1782.00
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
1395.97
1419.76
1443.60
1467.49
1491.44
330.9
352.5
375.3
399.1
424.2
1022.82
1040.88
1058.94
1077.10
1095.26
11.275
10.747
10.247
9.780
9.337
3.27345
3.29160
3.30959
3.32724
3.34474
1640
1660
1680
1700
1750
1806.46 878.9
1830.96 925.6
1855.50 974.2
1880.1 1025
1941.6 1161
1335.72
1354.48
1373.24
1392.7
1439.8
5.355
5.147
4.949
4.761
4.328
3.55381
3.56867
3.58335
3.5979
3.6336
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1515.42
1539.44
1563.51
1587.63
1611.79
450.5
478.0
506.9
537.1
568.8
1113.52
1131.77
1150.13
1168.49
1186.95
8.919
8.526
8.153
7.801
7.468
3.36200
3.37901
3.39586
3.41247
3.42892
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2003.3
2065.3
2127.4
2189.7
2252.1
1310
1475
1655
1852
2068
1487.2
1534.9
1582.6
1630.6
1678.7
3.994
3.601
3.295
3.022
2.776
3.6684
3.7023
3.7354
3.7677
3.7994
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1635.97
1660.23
1684.51
1708.82
1733.17
601.9
636.5
672.8
710.5
750.0
1205.41
1223.87
1242.43
1260.99
1279.65
7.152
6.854
6.569
6.301
6.046
3.44516
3.46120
3.47712
3.49276
3.50829
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2314.6
2377.7
2440.3
2503.2
2566.4
2303
2559
2837
3138
3464
1726.8
1775.3
1823.8
1872.4
1921.3
2.555
2.356
2.175
2.012
1.864
3.8303
3.8605
3.8901
3.9191
3.9474
791.2 1298.30 5.804
834.1 1316.96 5.574
s8
kJ/kg·K
3.52364
3.53879
Note: The properties Pr (relative pressure) and vr (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes and should
not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume.
Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 785–786, Table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and
J. Kaye, Gas Tables. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1001
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1002
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–22
Properties of air at 1 atm pressure
Specific
Thermal
Temp.
T, 8C
Density
r, kg/m3
2150
2100
250
240
230
220
210
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
2.866
2.038
1.582
1.514
1.451
1.394
1.341
1.292
1.269
1.246
1.225
1.204
1.184
1.164
1.145
1.127
1.109
1.092
1.059
1.028
0.9994
0.9718
0.9458
0.8977
0.8542
0.8148
0.7788
0.7459
0.6746
0.6158
0.5664
0.5243
0.4880
0.4565
0.4042
0.3627
0.3289
0.3008
0.2772
0.1990
0.1553
heat
cp, J/kg·K
983
966
999
1002
1004
1005
1006
1006
1006
1006
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
1008
1008
1009
1011
1013
1016
1019
1023
1033
1044
1056
1069
1081
1093
1115
1135
1153
1169
1184
1234
1264
conductivity
k, W/m·K
0.01171
0.01582
0.01979
0.02057
0.02134
0.02211
0.02288
0.02364
0.02401
0.02439
0.02476
0.02514
0.02551
0.02588
0.02625
0.02662
0.02699
0.02735
0.02808
0.02881
0.02953
0.03024
0.03095
0.03235
0.03374
0.03511
0.03646
0.03779
0.04104
0.04418
0.04721
0.05015
0.05298
0.05572
0.06093
0.06581
0.07037
0.07465
0.07868
0.09599
0.11113
Thermal
diffusivity
a, m2/s
4.158
8.036
1.252
1.356
1.465
1.578
1.696
1.818
1.880
1.944
2.009
2.074
2.141
2.208
2.277
2.346
2.416
2.487
2.632
2.780
2.931
3.086
3.243
3.565
3.898
4.241
4.593
4.954
5.890
6.871
7.892
8.951
1.004
1.117
1.352
1.598
1.855
2.122
2.398
3.908
5.664
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
Dynamic
viscosity
m, kg/m·s
8.636
1.189
1.474
1.527
1.579
1.630
1.680
1.729
1.754
1.778
1.802
1.825
1.849
1.872
1.895
1.918
1.941
1.963
2.008
2.052
2.096
2.139
2.181
2.264
2.345
2.420
2.504
2.577
2.760
2.934
3.101
3.261
3.415
3.563
3.846
4.111
4.362
4.600
4.826
5.817
6.630
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
Kinematic
viscosity
n, m2/s
3.013 3 1026
5.837 3 1026
9.319 3 1026
1.008 3 1025
1.087 3 1025
1.169 3 1025
1.252 3 1025
1.338 3 1025
1.382 3 1025
1.426 3 1025
1.470 3 1025
1.516 3 1025
1.562 3 1025
1.608 3 1025
1.655 3 1025
1.702 3 1025
1.750 3 1025
1.798 3 1025
1.896 3 1025
1.995 3 1025
2.097 3 1025
2.201 3 1025
2.306 3 1025
2.522 3 1025
2.745 3 1025
2.975 3 1025
3.212 3 1025
3.455 3 1025
4.091 3 1025
4.765 3 1025
5.475 3 1025
6.219 3 1025
6.997 3 1025
7.806 3 1025
9.515 3 1025
1.133 3 1024
1.326 3 1024
1.529 3 1024
1.741 3 1024
2.922 3 1024
4.270 3 1024
Prandtl
number
Pr
0.7246
0.7263
0.7440
0.7436
0.7425
0.7408
0.7387
0.7362
0.7350
0.7336
0.7323
0.7309
0.7296
0.7282
0.7268
0.7255
0.7241
0.7228
0.7202
0.7177
0.7154
0.7132
0.7111
0.7073
0.7041
0.7014
0.6992
0.6974
0.6946
0.6935
0.6937
0.6948
0.6965
0.6986
0.7037
0.7092
0.7149
0.7206
0.7260
0.7478
0.7539
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of r at the given temperature by P and by dividing n and a by P.
Sources: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Original sources: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 1984;
Thermophysical Properties of Matter. Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C. Saxena,
and P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenum, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1002
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1003
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–23
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure
Specific
Temp.
T, 8C
Density
r, kg/m3
heat
cp, J/kg·K
Thermal
conductivity
k, W/m·K
Thermal
diffusivity
a, m2/s
Dynamic
viscosity
m, kg/m·s
Kinematic
viscosity
n, m2/s
Prandtl
number
Pr
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
250
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
2.4035
1.9635
1.6597
1.4373
1.2675
1.1336
0.9358
0.7968
0.6937
0.4213
0.3025
0.2359
746
811
866.6
914.8
957.4
995.2
1060
1112
1156
1292
1356
1387
0.01051
0.01456
0.01858
0.02257
0.02652
0.03044
0.03814
0.04565
0.05293
0.08491
0.10688
0.11522
5.860
9.141
1.291
1.716
2.186
2.698
3.847
5.151
6.600
1.560
2.606
3.521
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1.129
1.375
1.612
1.841
2.063
2.276
2.682
3.061
3.416
4.898
6.106
7.322
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
4.699
7.003
9.714
1.281
1.627
2.008
2.866
3.842
4.924
1.162
2.019
3.103
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
0.8019
0.7661
0.7520
0.7464
0.7445
0.7442
0.7450
0.7458
0.7460
0.7455
0.7745
0.8815
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1024
1.378
1.629
1.863
2.080
2.283
2.472
2.812
3.111
3.379
4.557
6.321
9.826
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
9.012
1.303
1.764
2.274
2.830
3.426
4.722
6.136
7.653
1.700
3.284
6.543
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
0.7840
0.7499
0.7328
0.7239
0.7191
0.7164
0.7134
0.7111
0.7087
0.7080
0.7733
0.9302
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1024
8.564
1.028
1.191
1.345
1.491
1.630
1.886
2.119
2.334
3.281
4.434
6.360
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
9.774
1.436
1.969
2.567
3.227
3.944
5.529
7.297
9.228
2.136
4.022
7.395
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
0.8116
0.7494
0.7282
0.7247
0.7284
0.7344
0.7450
0.7501
0.7502
0.7331
0.7936
1.0386
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
1024
7.293
8.391
9.427
1.041
1.136
1.228
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1026
1025
1025
1025
6.624
9.329
1.240
1.582
1.957
2.365
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1024
0.6562
0.7071
0.7191
0.7196
0.7174
0.7155
Carbon Monoxide, CO
250
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
1.5297
1.2497
1.0563
0.9148
0.8067
0.7214
0.5956
0.5071
0.4415
0.2681
0.1925
0.1502
1081
1048
1039
1041
1049
1060
1085
1111
1135
1226
1279
1309
0.01901
0.02278
0.02641
0.02992
0.03330
0.03656
0.04277
0.04860
0.05412
0.07894
0.10458
0.13833
1.149
1.739
2.407
3.142
3.936
4.782
6.619
8.628
1.079
2.401
4.246
7.034
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Methane, CH4
250
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
0.8761
0.7158
0.6050
0.5240
0.4620
0.4132
0.3411
0.2904
0.2529
0.1536
0.1103
0.0860
2243
2217
2302
2443
2611
2791
3158
3510
3836
5042
5701
6001
0.02367
0.03042
0.03766
0.04534
0.05344
0.06194
0.07996
0.09918
0.11933
0.22562
0.31857
0.36750
1.204
1.917
2.704
3.543
4.431
5.370
7.422
9.727
1.230
2.914
5.068
7.120
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Hydrogen, H2
250
0
50
100
150
200
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1003
0.11010
0.08995
0.07603
0.06584
0.05806
0.05193
12635
13920
14349
14473
14492
14482
0.1404
0.1652
0.1881
0.2095
0.2296
0.2486
1.009
1.319
1.724
2.199
2.729
3.306
3
3
3
3
3
3
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1004
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–23
Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure (Concluded)
Specific
Temp.
T, 8C
Density
r, kg/m3
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
0.04287
0.03650
0.03178
0.01930
0.01386
0.01081
heat
cp, J/kg·K
14481
14540
14653
15577
16553
17400
Thermal
conductivity
k, W/m·K
0.2843
0.3180
0.3509
0.5206
0.6581
0.5480
Thermal
diffusivity
a, m2/s
4.580
5.992
7.535
1.732
2.869
2.914
3
3
3
3
3
3
Dynamic
viscosity
m, kg/m·s
Kinematic
viscosity
n, m2/s
Prandtl
number
Pr
1024
1024
1024
1023
1023
1023
1.403
1.570
1.730
2.455
3.099
3.690
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
3.274
4.302
5.443
1.272
2.237
3.414
3
3
3
3
3
3
1024
1024
1024
1023
1023
1023
0.7149
0.7179
0.7224
0.7345
0.7795
1.1717
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1024
1.390
1.640
1.874
2.094
2.300
2.494
2.849
3.166
3.451
4.594
5.562
6.426
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
9.091
1.312
1.774
2.289
2.851
3.457
4.783
6.242
7.816
1.713
2.889
4.278
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
0.6655
0.7121
0.7114
0.7056
0.7025
0.7025
0.7078
0.7153
0.7215
0.7022
0.5969
0.4483
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1024
1.616
1.916
2.194
2.451
2.694
2.923
3.350
3.744
4.114
5.732
7.133
8.417
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
9.246
1.342
1.818
2.346
2.923
3.546
4.923
6.463
8.156
1.871
3.243
4.907
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
0.7694
0.7198
0.7053
0.7019
0.7019
0.7025
0.7030
0.7023
0.7010
0.6986
0.6985
0.6873
7.187
8.956
1.078
1.265
1.456
1.650
2.045
2.446
2.847
4.762
6.411
7.808
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
7.305
1.114
1.587
2.150
2.806
3.556
5.340
7.498
1.002
2.761
5.177
8.084
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1024
1.0047
1.0033
0.9944
0.9830
0.9712
0.9599
0.9401
0.9240
0.9108
0.8639
0.8233
0.7833
Nitrogen, N2
250
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
1.5299
1.2498
1.0564
0.9149
0.8068
0.7215
0.5956
0.5072
0.4416
0.2681
0.1925
0.1502
957.3
1035
1042
1041
1043
1050
1070
1095
1120
1213
1266
1297
0.02001
0.02384
0.02746
0.03090
0.03416
0.03727
0.04309
0.04848
0.05358
0.07938
0.11793
0.18590
1.366
1.843
2.494
3.244
4.058
4.921
6.758
8.727
1.083
2.440
4.839
9.543
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Oxygen, O2
250
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
1.7475
1.4277
1.2068
1.0451
0.9216
0.8242
0.6804
0.5793
0.5044
0.3063
0.2199
0.1716
984.4
928.7
921.7
931.8
947.6
964.7
997.1
1025
1048
1121
1165
1201
0.02067
0.02472
0.02867
0.03254
0.03637
0.04014
0.04751
0.05463
0.06148
0.09198
0.11901
0.14705
1.201
1.865
2.577
3.342
4.164
5.048
7.003
9.204
1.163
2.678
4.643
7.139
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Water Vapor, H2O
250
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
0.9839
0.8038
0.6794
0.5884
0.5189
0.4640
0.3831
0.3262
0.2840
0.1725
0.1238
0.0966
1892
1874
1874
1887
1908
1935
1997
2066
2137
2471
2736
2928
0.01353
0.01673
0.02032
0.02429
0.02861
0.03326
0.04345
0.05467
0.06677
0.13623
0.21301
0.29183
7.271
1.110
1.596
2.187
2.890
3.705
5.680
8.114
1.100
3.196
6.288
1.032
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1026
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1024
1024
1024
1023
Note: For ideal gases, the properties cp, k, m, and Pr are independent of pressure. The properties r, n, and a at a pressure P (in atm) other than 1 atm are
determined by multiplying the values of P at the given temperature by r and by dividing n and a by P.
Source: Data generated from the EES software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. Originally based on various sources.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1004
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1005
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–24
Properties of solid metals
Properties at various temperatures (K),
Properties
at
300
K
k (W/m·K)/cp (J/kg·K)
Melting
Composition
point,
K
r
kg/m3
cp
J/kg·K
k
W/m·K
a 3 106
m2/s
100
200
400
Aluminum:
Pure
933
2702
903
237
97.1
302
237
240
482
798
949
Alloy 2024-T6
775
2770
875
177
73.0
65
163
186
(4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg,
0.6% Mn)
473
787
925
Alloy 195, Cast
(4.5% Cu)
2790
883
168
68.2
174
Beryllium
1550
1850
1825
200
59.2
990
301
161
203
1114
2191
Bismuth
545
9780
122
7.86
6.59
16.5
9.69
7.04
112
120
127
Boron
2573
2500
1107
27.0
9.76 190
55.5
16.8
128
600
1463
Cadmium
594
8650
231
96.8
48.4
203
99.3
94.7
198
222
242
Chromium
2118
7160
449
93.7
29.1
159
111
90.9
192
384
484
Cobalt
1769
8862
421
99.2
26.6
167
122
85.4
236
379
450
Copper:
Pure
1358
8933
385
401
117
482
413
393
252
356
397
Commercial bronze
1293
8800
420
52
14
42
52
(90% Cu, 10% Al)
785
160
Phosphor gear bronze
1104
8780
355
54
17
41
65
(89% Cu, 11% Sn)
—
—
Cartridge brass
1188
8530
380
110
33.9
75
95
137
(70% Cu, 30% Zn)
360
395
Constantan
1493
8920
384
23
6.71
17
19
(55% Cu, 45% Ni)
237
362
Germanium
1211
5360
322
59.9
34.7
232
96.8
43.2
190
290
337
Gold
1336
19,300
129
317
127
327
323
311
109
124
131
Iridium
2720
22,500
130
147
50.3
172
153
144
90
122
133
Iron:
Pure
1810
7870
447
80.2
23.1
134
94.0
69.5
216
384
490
Armco
(99.75% pure)
7870
447
72.7
20.7
95.6
80.6
65.7
215
384
490
Carbon steels:
Plain carbon (Mn # 1%
7854
434
60.5
17.7
56.7
Si # 0.1%)
487
AISI 1010
7832
434
63.9
18.8
58.7
487
559
Carbon–silicon (Mn # 1%
7817
446
51.9
14.9
49.8
0.1% , Si # 0.6%)
501
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1005
600
231
1033
186
800
1000
218
1146
1042
185
126
2604
106
2823
90.8
3018
10.6
9.60
9.85
1892
2160 2338
80.7
542
67.4
503
71.3
581
58.2
550
65.4
616
52.1
628
379
417
59
545
74
—
149
425
366
433
352
451
27.3
348
298
135
138
138
19.8
357
284
140
132
144
17.4
375
270
145
126
153
54.7
574
43.3
680
32.8
975
53.1
574
42.2
680
32.3
975
48.0
39.2
30.0
559
685 1169
48.8
39.2
31.3
685
1168
44.0
37.4
29.3
582
699
971
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1006
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–24
Properties of solid metals (Continued)
Properties at various temperatures (K),
Properties
at
300
K
k (W/m·K)/cp (J/kg·K)
Melting
Composition
point,
K
r
kg/m3
cp
J/kg·K
k
W/m·K
a 3 106
m2/s
100
200
400
Carbon–manganese–silicon
8131
434
41.0
11.6 42.2
(1% , Mn , 1.65%
487
0.1% , Si , 0.6%)
Chromium (low) steels:
12 Cr– 14 Mo–Si (0.18% C,
7822
444
37.7
10.9
38.2
0.65% Cr, 0.23% Mo,
0.6% Si)
492
1 Cr– 12 Mo
7858
442
42.3
12.2 42.0
(0.16% C, 1% Cr,
0.54% Mo,
0.39% Si)
492
1 Cr–V
7836
443
48.9
14.1 46.8
(0.2% C, 1.02% Cr,
0.15% V)
492
Stainless steels:
AISI 302
8055
480
15.1
3.91
17.3
512
AISI 304
1670
7900
477
14.9
3.95
9.2
12.6
16.6
272
402
515
AISI 316
8238
468
13.4
3.48
15.2
504
AISI 347
7978
480
14.2
3.71
15.8
513
Lead
601
11,340
129
35.3
24.1
39.7
36.7
34.0
118
125
132
Magnesium
923
1740
1024
156
87.6 169
159
153
649
934
1074
Molybdenum
2894
10,240
251
138
53.7 179
143
134
141
224
261
Nickel:
Pure
1728
8900
444
90.7
23.0 164
107
80.2
232
383
485
592
Nichrome
1672
8400
420
12
3.4
14
(80% Ni, 20% Cr)
480
Inconel X-750
1665
8510
439
11.7
3.1
8.7
10.3
13.5
(73% Ni, 15% Cr,
6.7% Fe)
—
372
473
Niobium
2741
8570
265
53.7
23.6
55.2
52.6
55.2
188
249
274
Palladium
1827
12,020
244
71.8
24.5
76.5
71.6
73.6
168
227
251
Platinum:
Pure
2045
21,450
133
71.6
25.1
77.5
72.6
71.8
100
125
136
Alloy 60Pt–40Rh
1800
16,630
162
47
17.4 52
(60% Pt, 40% Rh)
—
Rhenium
3453
21,100
136
47.9
16.7
58.9
51.0
46.1
97
127
139
Rhodium
2236
12,450
243
150
49.6 186
154
146
147
220
253
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1006
600
800
1000
39.7
559
35.0
685
27.6
1090
36.7
33.3
26.9
575
39.1
688
34.5
969
27.4
575
42.1
688
36.3
969
28.2
575
688
969
20.0
22.8
559
585
19.8
22.6
557
582
18.3
21.3
550
576
18.9
21.9
559
585
31.4
142
149
146
1170 1267
126
118
275
285
25.4
606
25.4
611
24.2
602
24.7
606
112
295
65.6
530
16
525
17.0
67.6
562
21
545
20.5
71.8
510
58.2
283
79.7
261
546
61.3
292
86.9
271
626
64.4
301
94.2
281
73.2
141
59
—
44.2
145
136
274
75.6
146
65
—
44.1
151
127
293
78.7
152
69
—
44.6
156
121
311
24.0
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1007
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–24
Properties of solid metals (Concluded)
Properties at various temperatures (K),
Properties
at
300
K
k (W/m·K)/cp (J/kg·K)
Melting
Composition
point,
K
r
kg/m3
cp
J/kg·K
k
W/m·K
a 3 106
m2/s
100
Silicon
1685
2330
712
148
89.2
884
259
Silver
1235
10,500
235
429
174
444
187
Tantalum
3269
16,600
140
57.5
24.7
59.2
110
Thorium
2023
11,700
118
54.0
39.1
59.8
99
Tin
505
7310
227
66.6
40.1
85.2
188
Titanium
1953
4500
522
21.9
9.32
30.5
300
Tungsten
3660
19,300
132
174
68.3
208
87
Uranium
1406
19,070
116
27.6
12.5
21.7
94
Vanadium
2192
6100
489
30.7
10.3
35.8
258
Zinc
693
7140
389
116
41.8
117
297
Zirconium
2125
6570
278
22.7
12.4
33.2
205
200
400
600
800
1000
264
556
430
225
57.5
133
54.6
112
73.3
215
24.5
465
186
122
25.1
108
31.3
430
118
367
25.2
264
98.9
790
425
239
57.8
144
54.5
124
62.2
243
20.4
551
159
137
29.6
125
31.3
515
111
402
21.6
300
61.9
867
412
250
58.6
146
55.8
134
42.4
913
396
262
59.4
149
56.9
145
31.2
946
379
277
60.2
152
56.9
156
19.4
591
137
142
34.0
146
33.3
540
103
436
20.7
332
19.7
633
125
146
38.8
176
35.7
563
20.7
675
118
148
43.9
180
38.2
597
21.6
342
23.7
362
Data Source: Frank P. Incropera and David P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., 1990.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1007
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1008
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–25
Properties of solid nonmetals
Properties at various temperatures (K),
Properties at 300 K
k (W/m·K)/cp (J/kg·K)
Melting
Composition
point,
K
r
cp
k
a 3 106
kg/m3 J/kg·K W/m·K
m2/s
100
200
400
Aluminum oxide,
2323
3970 765
46
15.1
450
82
32.4
sapphire
—
—
940
Aluminum oxide,
2323
3970 765
36.0
11.9
133
55
26.4
polycrystalline
—
—
940
Beryllium oxide
2725
3000 1030 272
88.0
196
1350
Boron
2573
2500 1105
27.6
9.99 190
52.5
18.7
—
—
1490
Boron fiber epoxy
590
2080
(30% vol.) composite
k, || to fibers
2.29
2.10
2.23
2.28
k, ' to fibers
0.59
0.37
0.49
0.60
cp1122
364
757
1431
Carbon
Amorphous
1500
1950
—
1.60 —
0.67
1.18
1.89
—
—
—
Diamond,
type lla
—
3500 509 2300 10,000
4000
1540
insulator
21
194
853
Graphite, pyrolytic
2273
2210
k, || to layers 1950
4970
3230
1390
k, ' to layers
5.70
16.8
9.23
4.09
cp709 136
411
992
Graphite fiber
450
1400
epoxy (25% vol.)
composite
k, heat flow || to fibers
11.1
5.7
8.7
13.0
k, heat flow ' to fibers
0.87
0.46
0.68
1.1
cp935 337
642
1216
Pyroceram,
1623
2600 808
3.98
1.89
5.25
4.78
3.64
Corning 9606
—
—
908
Silicon carbide
3100
3160 675 490
230
—
880
Silicon dioxide,
1883
2650
crystalline (quartz)
k, || to c-axis10.4
39
16.4
7.6
k,' to c-axis 6.21 20.8
9.5
4.70
cp745
—
—
885
Silicon dioxide,
1883
2220 745
1.38
0.834
0.69
1.14
1.51
polycrystalline
(fused silica)
—
—
905
Silicon nitride
2173
2400 691
16.0
9.65
—
—
13.9
—
578
778
Sulfur
392
2070 708
0.206 0.141
0.165
0.185
403
606
Thorium dioxide
3573
9110 235
13
6.1
10.2
255
Titanium dioxide,
2133
4157 710
8.4
2.8
7.01
polycrystalline 805
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1008
600
18.9
1110
15.8
1110
111
1690
11.3
1880
21.9
—
800
13.0
1180
10.4
1180
70
1865
8.1
2135
2.37
—
1000
10.5
1225
7.85
1225
47
1975
6.3
2350
2.53
—
892
667
534
2.68
2.01
1.60
1406
1650
1793
3.28
3.08
2.96
1038
1122
1197
—
—
87
1050
1135
1195
5.0
4.2
3.4
3.1
1075
1250
1.75
2.17
1040
11.3
937
6.6
274
5.02
880
2.87
1105
1155
9.88
8.76
1063
1155
4.7
285
8.94
910
3.68
295
3.46
930
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1009
APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–26
Emissivities of surfaces
(a) Metals
Material
Aluminum
Polished
Commercial sheet
Heavily oxidized
Anodized
Bismuth, bright
Brass
Highly polished
Polished
Dull plate
Oxidized
Chromium, polished
Copper
Highly polished
Polished
Commercial sheet
Oxidized
Black oxidized
Gold
Highly polished
Bright foil
Iron
Highly polished
Case iron
Wrought iron
Rusted
Oxidized
Lead
Polished
Unoxidized, rough
Oxidized
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1009
Temperature,
K
Emissivity,
«
300–900
400
400–800
300
350
0.04–0.06
0.09
0.20–0.33
0.8
0.34
500–650
350 0.09
300–600
450–800
300–1400
0.03–0.04
300
300–500
300
600–1000
300
0.02
0.04–0.05
0.15
0.5–0.8
0.78
300–1000
300 0.07
0.03–0.06
300–500
300
300–500
300 0.61
500–900
0.05–0.07
0.44
0.28
300–500
300
300
0.06–0.08
0.43
0.63
0.22
0.6
0.08–0.40
Material
Magnesium, polished
Mercury
Molybdenum
Polished
Oxidized
Nickel
Polished
Oxidized
Platinum, polished
Silver, polished
Stainless steel
Polished
Lightly oxidized
Highly oxidized
Steel
Polished sheet
Commercial sheet
Heavily oxidized
Tin, polished
Tungsten
Polished
Filament
Zinc
Polished
Oxidized
Temperature,
K
Emissivity,
«
300–500
300–400
0.07–0.13
0.09–0.12
300–2000
600–800
0.05–0.21
0.80–0.82
500–1200
450–1000
500–1500
300–1000
0.07–0.17
0.37–0.57
0.06–0.18
0.02–0.07
300–1000
600–1000
600–1000
0.17–0.30
0.30–0.40
0.70–0.80
300–500
500–1200
300
300
0.08–0.14
0.20–0.32
0.81
0.05
300–2500
3500
0.03–0.29
0.39
300–800
300
0.02–0.05
0.25
0.64–0.78
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1010
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–26
Emissivities of surfaces (Concluded)
(b) Nonmetals
Material
Alumina
Aluminum oxide
Asbestos
Asphalt pavement
Brick
Common
Fireclay
Carbon filament
Cloth
Concrete
Glass
Window
Pyrex
Pyroceram
Ice
Magnesium oxide
Masonry
Paints
Aluminum
Black, lacquer, shiny
Oils, all colors
Red primer
White acrylic
White enamel
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1010
Temperature,
K
Emissivity,
«
800–1400
600–1500
300
300
0.65–0.45
0.69–0.41
0.96
0.85–0.93
300
1200
2000
300
300
0.93–0.96
0.75
0.53
0.75–0.90
0.88–0.94
300
300–1200
300–1500
273
400–800
300
0.90–0.95
0.82–0.62
0.85–0.57
0.95–0.99
0.69–0.55
0.80
300
300
300
300
300
300
0.40–0.50
0.88
0.92–0.96
0.93
0.90
0.90
Material
Paper, white
Plaster, white
Porcelain, glazed
Quartz, rough, fused
Rubber
Hard
Soft
Sand
Silicon carbide
Skin, human
Snow
Soil, earth
Soot
Teflon
Water, deep
Wood
Beech
Oak
Temperature,
K
Emissivity,
«
300
300
300
300
0.90
0.93
0.92
0.93
300
300
300
600–1500
300
273
300
300–500
300–500
273–373
0.93
0.86
0.90
0.87–0.85
0.95
0.80–0.90
0.93–0.96
0.95
0.85–0.92
0.95–0.96
300
300
0.94
0.90
12/11/15 6:45 PM
0.1
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1011
103
2(103) 3 4 5 6 8 104
0
0.003–0.03
0.0016
0.000033
0.000005
0.00085
0.0005
0.00015
0.000007
0.00015
Reynolds number, Re
)
2(106) 3 4 5 6
ε/D = 0.000001
2(105) 3 4 5 6 8 106
Smooth pipes
ε/D = 0
2(104) 3 4 5 6 8 105
0
0.9–9
0.5
0.01
0.0015
0.26
0.15
0.046
0.002
0.045
mm
Roughness, ε
Fully rough turbulent flow (f levels off)
8 107
2(107) 3 4 5 6
ε/D = 0.000005
0.00001
8 108
0.00005
0.0001
0.0002
0.0004
0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.01
0.008
0.015
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Relative roughness, ε/D
Darcy friction factor, f
(
FIGURE A–27
​  rV 2
The Moody chart for the friction factor for fully developed flow in circular pipes for use in the head loss relation DPL5 f _
​  L  ​ ​ ​ _
​
. Friction factors in the
D 2
2.51
«/D
1
_ ​ 522log10 ​ ​ _ ​ 1 ​ _
__ ​   ​.
turbulent flow are evaluated from the Colebrook equation _
3.7
​ f  ​
Re​Ïf  ​
Ï
0.008
0.009
0.01
Material
/Re
Glass, plastic
Concrete
Wood stave
Rubber, smoothed
Copper or brass tubing
Cast iron
Galvanized iron
Wrought iron
Stainless steel
Commercial steel
ft
Transitional Turbulent
flow
flow
= 64
0.015
0.02
w, f
ar flo
0.025
in
0.03
Laminar
flow
Lam
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
1011
APPENDIX 1
12/11/15 6:45 PM
1012
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
(a) Low pressures, 0 < PR < 1.0
1.0
0
5.07
0.7 5
0.6
0.60
8.00 .00
6
5.00
0.9
TR =
= 5.00
5.00
3.00
4.003.50
0.
8
0
1.60
1.40
1.60 50
1.
0.
85
0.8
0.9
0
Pv
RT
Compressibility factor, Z =
2.00
3.00
2.60 2.40 .20
2
0
2.0
1.80
TR = 2.5 Z ≈ 1.00
TR = 15 ≈ TR = 3.00
NOTE
0.7
REDUCED PRESSURE, PR =
T
Tcr
0.4
v
20
15
RTcr / Pcr
0.90
0.00
10
0. 7
0.80
vRr
0.75
0.10
0.05
PR
1953
0.3
0.0
0
0.9
0.85
12
70
0.
PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, vR =
1.00
2.00
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
30
Z 0.95
CHART
No.
1
65
0..6
TR =
1.10
0
0.8
1.00
0.60
REDUCED TEMPERATURE,
P
Pcr
1.20
v R=
NELSON–OBERT
GENERALIZED
COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
0.5
1.40
1.30
0.9
5
---DEVIATION > 1.0%
0.6
1.30
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Reduced pressure, P
R
(b) Intermediate pressures, 0 < PR < 7
3.50
1.10
0
0.90
1.80
0
1.0
0 80 70
0
.9 0. 0.
0.6
1.60
00
0..55
=
=0
v R 0.45
0
0.4
5
0.3
0.80
RT
Compressibility factor, Z = Pv
2.50
2.00
00 0 1.40
.6
0
1.2
1
3.
00
2.
00
53.
1.00
TR = 5.00
1.50
1.40
5
0 0.2
3
0
.
0
..220
= 00
=
1.30
vR
0.70
0.60
1.20
0.50
NELSON–OBERT
GENERALIZED
COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
1.15
1.10
0.40
REDUCED PRESSURE, P =
R
P
Pcr
REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T =
R
1.05
PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v =
R
0.30
TR =
= 1.00
1.00
0.20
0.0
0.5
1.0
T
Tcr
v
CHART
No.
2
RTcr / Pcr
1953
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
REDUCED PRESSURE, PR
FIGURE A–28
Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart.
Used with permission of Dr. Edward E. Obert, University of Wisconsin.
cen27683_App01_969-1012.indd 1012
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