How to Cite Quotations
1.
2.
3.
4.
By using a colon: N. Murray Butler notes: ...is a management guru.”
With the use of a comma: Gandhi stresses, “You must be the change
you wish to see in the world.”
By using the word "that“: Goethe believes that it is not doing the
thing we like, but liking the thing we have to do that makes life happy.
The quotation can be presented into two parts: "He that can have
patience," says Benjamin Franklin, "can have what he will."
Summarizing and Paraphrasing
A summary is a brief account of the main points of a message. On the other hand,
paraphrasing is expressing passage in your own words.
Many writers use summary and paraphrase instead of quoting the authors directly.
Researchers who summarize and paraphrase other writer's ideas need to
acknowledge the author of the passage. To acknowledge the source of a passage,
the author's name can be cited in the paragraph then the page numbers in
parentheses can be placed at the end of the summary or paraphrase.
Another way is to end the quoted or summarized passage writing the author's last
name with the page number in parentheses.
Summarizing and Paraphrasing
According to De Beauvoir, refusing to be Other, refusing complicity with man,
would mean renouncing all the advantages an alliance with the superior caste
confers on them women (231).
Refusing to be Other, refusing complicity with man, would mean renouncing all the
advantages an alliance with the superior caste confers on them women (Beauvoir:
231).
DOCUMENTATION
STYLE
SUMMARIZING AND PARAPHRASING
Several methods of documentation have been adopted to write scholarly research studies.
The following techniques are the most commonly used types:
Modern Language
Association style
American Psychological
Association style
MLA
APA
MODERN
LANGUAGE
ASSOCIATION
STYLE
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
At the end of the research paper is a page entitled Works Cited. Contained on a
separate page, this section enumerates, in alphabetical order, all books and articles
that were cited in the research paper either through direct quotation, paraphrase or
summary. Here are the pointers in citing your sources:
Books: The proper arrangement for citing books should be:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
author (s)
title of the book,
edition number (if the book is not the first edition)
publication place,
name of publisher, and
publication date.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Books: The proper arrangement for citing books should be:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
author (s)
title of the book,
edition number (if the book is not the first edition)
publication place,
name of publisher, and
publication date
Wharton, Edith. “The Age of Innocence”. 2nd Edition. New York: Macmillan Publishing
Company, 1986.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Books by One Author
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
name of author: last name first, then the first name, followed by a period.
title of the book: underscored and followed by a period.
place of publication: followed by a colon.
name of publisher: followed by a comma.
year of publication: followed by a period.
Wharton, Edith. The Age of Innocence. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986.
Wharton, Edith. The Age of Innocence. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Books by One Author
Castigador, Adlai. Wholistic Reading. Manila: J.P. Ace Press, 2001.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Books Written by Two Authors
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
name of the first author: last name first then the initial of the first name followed by a period.
name of the second author: the initial of the first name, then the last name followed by a
period.
title of the book: underscored and followed by a period
the number of edition: followed by period.
place of publication: followed by a colon.
name of publisher: followed by a comma.
year of publication: followed by a period.
Bucu, L. C. and Castigador, A.C. Self-Instructional Modules in Communication Skills I. Manila: Blue
Angel Printing Press, 2001.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Books Written by Three Authors
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
write the name of the first author, a comma and finally et al.
title of the book: underscored and followed by period.
the number of edition: followed by a period.
place of publication: followed by a colon.
name of publisher: followed by a comma.
year of publication: followed by a period.
Vicente, C., et al. Technical Writing. Man Technolo U Supply Inc., 1999.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Encyclopedias
a)
b)
c)
write the name of the topic first in quotations followed by a period.
then the name of the encyclopedia, underscored followed by a period.
year of publication, followed by a period
"The Pentagon." Collier's Encyclopedia. 1988 ed.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Encyclopedias
a)
b)
c)
write the name of the topic first in quotations followed by a period.
then the name of the encyclopedia, underscored followed by a period.
year of publication, followed by a period
"The Pentagon." Collier's Encyclopedia. 1988 ed.
"Industry." Encyclopedia Americana. 2000 ed.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Articles from Magazines
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
name of author: last name first then the first name, followed by a period
title of the article: written with quotation marks followed by a period
name of magazine: underscored
number of volume
month and year of publication: (in parentheses), with a colon thereafter
page number of the article: followed by a period.
Concepcion, Juan. "Unexpected Success Stories." The Extraordinary Journal. 108, (October 2001):
88.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Documenting an Article from a Daily Newspaper
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
name of author: last name, then the first name followed by a period
title of the news item: (written with quotation marks and a period thereafter
name of the newspaper: underscored, followed by a comma
date of publication: (date, month and year) with a colon thereafter
page number of the article: followed by a period
Sy, Alex. "The Philippines: A Topnotch Economy." The Philippine Daily Investigator, 8 September
2001: A8.
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Documenting Interviews
a)
b)
c)
name of respondent/interviewee
indicate that it is a personal interview
date of interview: (date, month and year) with a period thereafter
Salonga, Lani. Personal Interview. 8 August 2000.