RESEARCH REPORT REVIEW
Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage
‘The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles’
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF
SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, VIJAYAWADA
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
Prof. Gullapalli SV SuryaNarayana
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
SPA VIJAYAWADA
SUBMITTED BY:
Ujjwal Kumar Singh (1200800020)
M. ARCH(MAC), IIIrd Sem
SPA VIJAYAWADA
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND
ARCHITECTURE, VIJAYAWADA
Abstract Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage - Research Report
Edited by Marta de la Torre
The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles
Project coordinator: Marta de la Torre
Report editor: Marta de la Torre
Design/Production coordinator: Joe Molloy
Copy editor: Sylvia Tidwell
Copyright © 2002 The J. Paul Getty Trust
The Getty Conservation Institute works internationally to advance conservation and
to enhance and encourage the preservation and understanding of the visual arts in all
of their dimensions—objects, collections, architecture, and sites. The Institute serves
the conservation community through scientific research; education and training; field
projects; and the dissemination of the results of both its work and the work of others
in the field. In all its endeavours, the Institute is committed to addressing unanswered
questions and promoting the highest possible standards of conservation practice.
This paper talks about in brief of 1) Assessing Values in Conservation Planning: Methodological Issues and
Choices - Randall Mason
2) Anthropological-Ethnographic Methods for the Assessment of Cultural Values
in Heritage Conservation - Setha M. Low
3) Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage: Evidence and Prospects - Susana
Mourato and Massimiliano Mazzanti
4) Numbness and Sensitivity in the Elicitation of Environmental Values - Theresa
Satterfield
5) Cultural Capital and Sustainability Concepts in the Economics of Cultural
Heritage - David Throsby
IntroductionThis is the third report on the research on values and economics of cultural heritage
which was started at the Getty Conservation Institute in 1995.
The research reported in this publication starts to address these issues by focusing on
methods of identifying, articulating, and establishing cultural significance. Cultural
Ujjwal Kumar Singh
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2021
significance is used here to mean the importance of a site as determined by the
aggregate of values attributed to it.
The introduction also mentions about that how the defining of values of cultural
heritage has taken shape and how many other professionals
of other field has also joined to define cultural HERITAGE AND ITS COMPONENTS.
The papers in this report present some tools that have been used in other fields and
that hold promise for the tasks at hand.
This report also includes How to champion conservation principles (traditional ones,
cantered on the sanctity and inherent meaningfulness of material heritage) while
managing an open, democratic process that may conclude by underselling
conservation in favour of other social goals.
The paper closes with a few recommendations and questions that all valuation
practices need address.
1) Assessing Values in Conservation Planning: Methodological Issues and
Choices (By Randall Mason) –
The researcher mentions that the Conservation decision whether they are concerned
with giving a building “heritage” status, deciding which building to invest in,
planning for the future of a historic site, or applying a treatment to a monument—use
an articulation of heritage values (“cultural significance”).
This topic aims to explore value assessment as a particular aspect of conservation
planning and management. Purposely broad in scope, what follows sets a context for
the other contributions in this volume by relating issues of value and methodology, as
seen by different disciplines, to the problems of conservation planning and policy.
This topic also evaluates the ‘assessment of heritage values’ is fraught with difficulties.
How these problems stem from factors such as the diverse nature of heritage values
(cultural, economic, political, aesthetic, and more), the fact that values change over
time and are strongly shaped by contextual factors (social forces, economic
opportunities, and cultural trends), the fact that these values sometimes conflict, and
the wide variety of methodologies and tools for assessing the values.
This paper explores issues, methodologies, and tools applicable to value assessment,
and its goal is to generate guidance for selecting appropriate methodologies and tools
or tasks to assess heritage values as part of integrated conservation planning. This
research goal stems from the realization that the conservation field, at present, is not
very proficient at gauging all the values of heritage.
Ujjwal Kumar Singh
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2021
This paper proceeds from a few assumptions regarding the problems of value
assessment in conservation planning as:
• heritage conservation is best understood as a sociocultural activity, not simply a
technical practice; it encompasses many activities preceding and following any act of
material intervention;
• it is important to consider the contexts of a heritage conservation project—social,
cultural, economic, geographical, administrative—as seriously and as deeply as the
artifact/site itself is considered;
This research also talks about the question related to –
. Characterizing values
. Methodological issues and strategies for assessing heritage values
. Tools for eliciting heritage values
. Integrating assessments and guiding decision making
In this chapter researcher also has explored about ‘values in conservation’ and also
the typology of values, that Values is most often used in one of two senses: first, as
morals, principles, or other ideas that serve as guides to action (individual and
collective); and second, in reference to the qualities and characteristics seen in things,
in particular the positive characteristics (actual and potential).
a) one kind of value predominates and blots out consideration of others;
b) values are treated as a black box, with all aspects of heritage value collapsed
into “significance.”
2) Anthropological-Ethnographic Methods for the Assessment of Cultural
Values in Heritage Conservation – (Setha M. Low)
This paper is a review of qualitative methods in anthropology that are available for
assessing sociocultural values at heritage sites.
In this publication, the Getty Conservation Institute is interested in exploring existing
methods that could be applied or modified to elicit stakeholder and community
values. Through the surveying and evaluating of these methods, a methodological
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approach and specific techniques could be identified that would help conservation
professionals and managers understand the complexity of social relations and cultural
dynamics at play in the conservation planning and development of heritage sites.
Rapid Ethnographic Assessment Procedures used at National Park Service, historical
parks are highlighted as useful methods of assessment for planning, design,
reconstruction, and management of heritage sites.
This chapter talks about Qualitative methodologies in cultural anthropology are
characterized by their humanism and holism (a philosophical position that argues that
humans and human behaviour cannot be understood or studied outside the context
of a person’s daily life, life world, and activities).
The researcher mentions about the Cognitive approaches include both the study of
cognition as a mental process—often reflected in language— and cognition as a set of
categories that structure perception through the attribution of meaning.
This researcher also described about different types of survey and approaches that
how to interview people and how to gather information to come to cultural value of
any heritage.
3) Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage: Evidence and Prospects – (Susana
Mourato and Massimiliano Mazzanti)
This chapter basically talks about the demand for cultural destinations that those has
become a major force in the global economy.
And also talks about the tourist trips that typically include cultural heritage elements
that range widely, from a journey to a historical town centre to a visit to a museum or
a stroll around a historic garden. Visitors benefit from the expectations, experiences
(educational, visual, recreational), and memories offered by heritage assets; while no
visitors may benefit indirectly through magazines, films, or, increasingly, the Internet
(virtual visits).
Ujjwal Kumar Singh
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This chapter mentions about the risk and problems factors result from natural
environmental causes (such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanism, floods,
avalanches, and coastal dynamics),
human activities are arguably the main pressures behind the decay and loss of
cultural assets. These include tourist and user pressure, unplanned urbanization,
destructive development projects, theft, vandalism, war, air pollution, vibration, and
plain neglect.
Even though after problems and risk a positive corner of the research is that - In the
last two decades, economists have developed techniques to assess the economic
value of changes that are external to markets. In recent years, a number of these
nonmarket valuation methods have gained increasing popularity among academics
and policy makers, particularly since a panel of
experts led by two Nobel laureates in economics ruled that, under certain conditions,
they were reliable enough to be used in a U.S. court of law in the context of natural
resource damage assessment.
This paper also talks about the basic principles of economic valuation - The market
equilibrium between demand and supply of goods and services is a reflection of
people’s preferences and is characterized by an optimal quantity and price. A large
proportion of cultural goods and services are traded in markets: cultural tourism,
performing arts, antiques, paintings, and books are just a few examples of cultural
goods for which thriving markets exist.
This topic also has The Role of Economic Valuation for Cultural Policies and
Institutions, The Significant Value of Heritage Conservation and Use, Cultural
estimations Management and how the Financing Cultural Heritage happens.
4) Numbness and Sensitivity in the Elicitation of Environmental Values –
(Theresa Satterfield )
This paper takes stock of recent work by social scientists and ethicists on the subject
of environmental
values. Its foremost purpose is to highlight the central features of scholarly efforts to
(a) articulate the environment-cantered values characteristic of different social
groups, and
(b) operationalize environmental values in the context of policy decisions about land
management.
Its secondary purpose is to cull from this literature a few central tensions and
problems encountered in the study of environmental values. It is hoped that any
derived insights will be useful not just to the evaluation of environmental goods but
to scholars concerned with the value-based assessment of cultural heritage and the
practice of heritage conservation
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This chapter of the researcher mentions the Valuing the Environment –
Contributions to the literature have been generated from most corners of the natural,
economic, social, psychological, political, and decision sciences, as well as from
philosophy, from which has emerged the subdiscipline of environmental ethics.
Some have sought methods that reflect axiomatic definitions of value, while others
assert the importance of relativistic or subjective approaches. Some make
distinctions between held values (beliefs we adhere to), while others focus on
assigned values (rankings or numeric tags that express the relative weight of one
value as compared to one or more different values).
The researcher also describes Psychological and Social Studies of Value, Cognitive
Difficulties and Moral Conundrums in the Development of Valuation Practices
and Cognitive Difficulties faced by valuation process.
5) Cultural Capital and Sustainability Concepts in the Economics of Cultural
Heritage – (David Throsby)
This chapter talks about including identification, classification, certification,
interpretation,
protection, maintenance, and restoration of heritage and valuation of these heritage.
And also mentions about the “Economics and Heritage Conservation” meeting
organized by the Getty Conservation Institute in December 1998 showed that
questions of value do
indeed, underlie these differing standpoints (GCI 1999).
Also mentions that the meeting concluded that if it is possible to identify both the
economic and the cultural values generated by, say, a particular heritage item, then it
may be possible to reconcile the two positions. More particularly, the meeting
discussion suggested that the concepts of cultural capital and sustainability could be
used to link an economic approach to heritage with the essential cultural purposes
that the conservation profession strives to pursue.
This chapter also include Cultural Capital - The concept of capital in economics is
almost as old as the discipline itself. In formal terms, capital can be defined as a stock
of goods that gives rise to further goods and services over time. The principal form of
capital identified in economics is physical capital, meaning plant, machinery,
buildings, equipment, and so on, all of which provide a flow of services yielding other
commodities that may be consumed or may themselves be capital items leading to still
further commodities.
This chapter also define the value –
-
Aesthetic value: beauty, harmony
Spiritual value: understanding, enlightenment, insight
Social value: connection with others, a sense of identity
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-
Historical value: connection with the past
Symbolic value: objects as repositories or conveyors of meaning
Also defines the concept of sustainability is most often invoked in the context of the
environment, where the term sustainable is generally linked with the word
development. Sustainable development marries the ideas of sustainable economic
development, meaning development that will not slow down or wither away but will
be, in some sense, self-perpetuating, and ecological sustainability, meaning the
preservation and enhancement of a range of environmental values through the
maintenance of ecosystems in the natural world.
Ujjwal Kumar Singh
1200800020
2021