PERSONAL PRONOUNS NOMINATIVE CASE Used as Subjects & Predicate Nominatives OBJECTIVE CASE Used as Objects DO, IO, OP Singular (1 Person) First Person - I Second Person - You Third Person - He, she, it Who Whoever Singular (1 Person) Me You Him, her, it Whom Whomever Plural (2 or more people) First Person - We Second Person - You (Ya’ll) Third Person - They Special Notes: Plural (2 or more people) Us You (Ya’ll) Them POSSESSIVE CASE Shows Ownership Singular (1 Person) My, mine Your, yours His, her, hers, his Plural (2 or more people) Our, ours Your, yours (Ya’lls) Their, theirs A pronoun used as an appositive is in the same case as the word to which it refers Himself & themselves can be used as objects (OP, DO, IO) DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS RELATIVE PRONOUNS LINKING VERBS THIS THAT AM THAT WHICH IS THESE WHO ARE THOSE WHOM WAS WHOSE WERE SENTENCE STRUCTURES TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES Simple (all sent patterns below) NOUN – these clauses act like a noun in a sentence Commonly begin with – how, that, what, when, whatever, which, who, why, whether, whom, Compound whomever, whoever 2 Independent Clauses pg 451 in text I called you, but you weren’t home. ADJECTIVE answers what kind, which one, how many/much Complex Usually begin with relative pronouns (on back) & 1 Indep. + 1 or more Depend. Clauses Because you weren’t home, you missed my call. pg. 444 in text ADVERB answers where, when, how, & to what extent Compound-Complex Begin with Subordinating Conjunctions 2 Independent + 1 or more (After, as, if, since, when, whenever, while, how, Dependent I called, but you weren’t home because you had because, before, until + pg. 448 in text) already left for school. NOUN – acts like a noun I called you yesterday. SENTENCE PATTERNS S–V S – V – DO S – V – IO – DO S – LV – PA S – LV - PN The Lingo Participle = Verb Nominative = Subject Predicate = Verb Subordinate = Dependent Sentence Purpose Declarative – makes a statement Imperative – gives a command Interrogative – asks a question Exclamatory – expresses emotion or excitement