DNA "The Blueprint of Life" DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid DNA FACTS • established by James Watson and Francis Crick • Shape of a double helix • codes for your genes (traits) • made of repeating subunits called nucleotides What is a nucleotide? Has three parts: PHOSPHATE DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE (A,T,G,C) Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> Thymine Guanine <==> Cytosine The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar held together by hydrogen bonds Base Pair Rule One side: Other side: A T A T C A T G C G G G How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex. C A T C A T = purple hair T A C T A C = yellow hair Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences.... *endless combinations DNA REPLICATION the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division) SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved RNA - the messenger *single strand *ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead *can leave the nucleus *follows base pair rule DNA: A T A G C G RNA: RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made DNA --> RNA --> Protein Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits) Transcription - process where RNA is made from DNA, occurs in the nucleus of the cell Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA, occurs in the cytoplasm Let's Review What We Know About DNA 1. DNA stands for: 2. What is the shape of DNA? _______________ 3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________ 4. Adenine always pairs with _______________ 5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____ 6. Guanine always pairs with _____________ 7. What is the complimentary sequence: A A T G C A 8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________ 10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________