AP World History primary source documents

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T45!#%!$#&-,8!%-EE+%(*!&+!F(!#:E+$&,)&U!T4,&! 4,EE()%!&+!+&4($'#%(!;#$&-+-%!&$,#&%!'#&4+-&! %->4!$#&-,8U! ! S'($C"(>"'$B"<.'( ( <,#!V84%#2!48(3d!c:(.,#4!8$3!,&$&924!82#!@,8%! 7#$!3#4(2#[!>9%!(F!%,#5!.8$$&%!>#!&>%8($#3!($! %,#!=2&=#2!@85d!%,#5!4,&9)3!>#!)#%!+&^!0&'#2%5! 8$3!7#8$$#44!82#!@,8%!7#$!3(4)(`#[!>9%!(F!%,#5! .8$$&%!>#!8'&(3#3!($!%,#!=2&=#2!@85d!%,#5! 4,&9)3!$&%!>#!8'&(3#3^!bF!8!+#$%)#78$!8>8$3&$4! '(2%9#d!,&@!.8$!,#!F9)F())!%,#!2#e9(2#7#$%4!&F!,(4! %(%)#l!/!+#$%)#78$!$&%d!#'#$!F&2!%,#!4=8.#!&F!8! 4($+)#!7#8)d!8.%!.&$%2825!%&!'(2%9#^!K'#$!($! 7&7#$%4!&F!,84%#d!8$3!($!%(7#4!&F!38$+#2d!,#! .)($+4!%&!'(2%9#^c!! /!+#$%)#78$!3&#4!$&%!@#82!8!3##=!=92=)#!&2!8! =9.#!.&)&2d!$&2!($!,(4!8%f,&7#!.)&%,#4!3&#4!,#! @#82!2#3^!b$!@827!@#8%,#2d!,#!@#824!8!4($+)#f )85#2#3!+827#$%d!#(%,#2!&F!.&824#!&2!F($#! %#L%92#d!>9%!@,#$!+&($+!&9%!,#!@#824!(%!&'#2! 8$&%,#2!+827#$%^!*#!@#824!)87>4`($!@(%,!8! +827#$%!&F!>)8.`d!F8@$!@(%,!@,(%#d!8$3!F&L!@(%,! 5#))&@^!*(4!F92!32#44($+!+&@$!4,&9)3!>#!)&$+d! >9%!@(%,!%,#!2(+,%!4)##'#!4,&2%^!*(4!$(+,%!.)&%,#4! 794%!>#!,8)F!8+8($!84!)&$+!84!,(4!>&35^!1,#$! 4%85($+!8%!,&7#d!,#!@#824!%,(.`!F924!&F!%,#!F&L! &2!%,#!>83+#2^!-&!)&$+!84!,#!(4!$&%!($!7&92$($+d! ,#!@#824!8))!%,#!%2(77($+4!&F!,(4!+(23)#^!^!^!^!*#! 3&#4!$&%!@#82!)87>n4!F92!&2!8!>)8.`!.8=!@,#$! 78`($+!8!'(4(%!&F!.&$3&)#$.#^!/$3!&$!%,#!F(24%! 385!&F!%,#!7&$%,!,#!794%!=9%!&$!,(4!.&92%! 2&>#4!8$3!=2#4#$%!,(74#)F!8%!.&92%^!! The Master said, "The progress of the superior man is upwards; the progress of the mean man is downwards." Confucius said, "There are three things of which the superior man stand in awe. He stands in awe of the ordinances of Heaven. He stands in awe !"$,"!" ! +&,'-.$%&'/(01333(456575($&(833(65759( ! of great men. He stands in awe of the words of the sages. The mean man does not know the ordinances of Heaven, and consequently does not stand in awe of them. He is disrespectful to great men. He makes sport of the words of the sages." S'(>&Q"?'<"'$( <,#!V84%#2!48(3d!c<&!29)#!8!.&9$%25!&F!8! %,&948$3!.,82(&%4!2#e9(2#4!2#'#2#$%!8%%#$%(&$! %&!>94($#44d!4($.#2(%5d!#.&$&75!($!#L=#$3(%92#4d! 8$3!)&'#!F&2!7#$d!84!@#))!84!%,#!#7=)&57#$%!&F! %,#!=#&=)#!&$)5!($!%,#!2(+,%!4#84&$4^c!! The Master said, "The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his actions." <,#!V84%#2!48(3d!cbF!%,#!=#&=)#!82#!+&'#2$#3!>5! )8@4!8$3!=9$(4,7#$%!(4!94#3!%&!78($%8($!&23#2d! %,#5!@())!%25!%&!8'&(3!%,#!=9$(4,7#$%!>9%!,8'#! $&!4#$4#!&F!4,87#^!bF!%,#5!82#!+&'#2$#3!>5! '(2%9#!8$3!29)#4!&F!=2&=2(#%5!;2(%98)?!82#!94#3!%&! 78($%8($!&23#2d!%,#5!@())!,8'#!8!4#$4#!&F!4,87#! 8$3!@())!>#.&7#!+&&3!84!@#))^c!! Education is, of course, i mportant to Confucius, as one needs to learn the traditions and profit from the wisdom of the past. Government can then be carried on by " moral force," as opposed to requiring military or legal force. As to religion, Confucius does not challenge it, but he doesn't put his hope in it either. His stress is always on living well, which means living properly, here and now and by our own actions. T4#>4!#%!:+$(!#:E+$&,)&!6+$!,)!+$*($85!%&,&(Z! 6++*3!'(,E+)%3!+$!,!9+;($):()&!&4,&!+)(!>,)! &$-%&=! ! 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