Chapter 6
The Comparison and Translation of
English - Chinese Figures of Speech
第六章
英汉修辞格对比与翻译
Outline
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Ⅰ. Review of Figures of Speech
1. Definition
2. Classification
3. Comparison
Ⅱ. Translation of Figures of Speech
1. A→A
2. A→0
3. A→B
4. 0→A
Ⅲ. Assignment
1. Definition
修辞格的定义
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“修辞格是人们在长期的语言交际过程
中，在本民族语言特点的基础上，为提
高语言表达效果而形成的格式化的方法、
手段。”
修辞格是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人
以美的享受。
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Figures of speech are forms of expression
that depart from normal word or sentence
order or from the common literal meanings
of words, for the purpose of achieving a
special effect.
In everyday speech and writing and in literature
the chief functions of figures of speech are
probably to embellish, to emphasize or to clarify.
They are used to give tone or atmosphere to
discourse, to provide vivid examples, to
stimulate thought by startling the reader or
listener, to give life to inanimate objects, to
amuse, or to ornament.
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A figure of speech is a use of a word that
diverges from its normal meaning or a
phrase with a specialized meaning not based
on the literal meaning of the words in it such
as a metaphor, simile, or personification.
Figures of speech often provide emphasis,
freshness of expression, or clarity. A figure
of speech is sometimes called a rhetoric or a
locution.
2.Classification
修辞格的分类
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中文的辞格一般的来讲有十六种：
比喻、比拟、借代、夸张、对偶、对比、
衬托、排比和层递、反复、设问和反问、
双关、拈连和仿词、顶真和回环、反语、
引用、拟声。（《现代汉语》黄伯荣、
廖序文主编)。
Figures of Speech(26)
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Simile, Metaphor, Analogy, Personification ,
Hyperbole, Understatement, Euphemism，
Metonymy, Synecdoche, Antonomasia, pun,
Syllepsis, Zeugma, Irony, Innuendo,
Sarcasm, Paradox, Oxymoron, Antithesis ,
Epigram, Climax, Anti-climax, Apostrophe ,
Transferred Epithet, Alliteration,
Onomatopoeia
(《英语修辞格》冯翠华）
音韵修辞格（phonological ）
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1．Onomatopoeia 拟声
2．Alliteration 首韵
3．Assonance 尾韵
4．语音飞白
5. 谐音
（二）词义修辞格（semantic ）
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1. Simile明喻
2. Metaphor 暗喻
3. Metonymy借喻
4. Synecdoche 借代
5. Allusion 用典
6. Personification 拟人
7. Transferred epithet 移就
8. Hyperbole 夸张
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9. Irony 反语
10. Euphemism 委婉语
11. Oxymoron 矛盾
12. Zeugma 拈连
13. Pun 双关
（三）句法修辞格
（syntactical ）
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1. repetition 重复
2. rhetorical question 反问
3. apostrophe 顿呼
4. antithesis 对照
5. parallelism 排比
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6. 叠字
7. 拆词镶嵌
8. 顶真
9. 仿拟
10. 联边
Ⅲ. Comparison
英汉修辞格对比
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1.英汉两种语言中相类似的常用修辞格有：
Simile(明喻), Metaphor (暗喻), Metonymy
(借喻) ， Personification拟人， Zeugma拈
连，Punning双关，Antithesis对偶，
Parallelism排比，Repetition反复，
Euphemism婉曲，Rhetorical Question反问，
Onomatopoeia拟声，Irony(反语)等。
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2.英语中常用,而汉语中罕用或不用的修
辞格有Oxymoron (矛盾修辞法)、
Paradox (似是而的隽语)、Alliteration
(首韵)、assonance (尾韵)、Transferred
Epithet (移就)、Zeugma (拈连等)。
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3.汉语中常用而英语中不用或罕用的修
辞格:仿词、顶真、回环、歇后语、叠字、
镶字、析字、析词、联边等。
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需要指出的是,汉语对辞格的区别与划分较英语笼
统,其具体表现为:
1.汉语中的夸张,在英语中为hyperbole和
understatement两种形式。前者是扩大夸张,后
者是缩小夸张。
2.汉语中的借代在英语里则细分为synecdoche
和antonomasia两种辞格。Synecdoche指的
是以部分整体/整体代部分或具体代抽象/抽象代
具体。Antonomasia则是指用人名来代替与该
名有联系的观点、特点等。
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Metaphor
Happiness is a perfume you cannot pour on others
without a few drops on yourself.
I have got one of my Sahara thirsts on tonight.
The hallway was zebra-striped with darkness and
moonlight.
Metonymy
He drank a cup.
The hall applauded.
The whole city went out to see him.
Only the knife can save him.
The pen is mightier than the sword.
She sets a good table.
He has been called to the bar.
Have you read Jack London?
Gray hair should be respected.
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Synecdoche
He paid the workers $5 per head.
Yet there are some stout hearts who attempted
resistance.
This fox goes very well with your cap.
It was reported that Britain beat New Zealand
in the football match yesterday.
All the wit and learning of the land were
assembled there.
Life was a weariness to him.
I had the muscle, and they made money out of
it.
I have his ear , of course.
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Personification
The year 1871 witnessed the heroic uprising of the Paris
Commune.
Dusk found the boy wandering down the street.
Rome witnessed great historic events.
Fear gripped his heart.
His courage deserted him.
His words sent a quiver through my body.
The speech kindled their anger.
The moon peered out from behind a cloud.
An earthquake comes like a thief in the night, without
warning.
The car obeyed the slightest touch of the wheel.
A new dignity crept into his walk.
The pursuit of science withdraws interest from external
things.
Caution prevented a repetition of the accident.
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Hyperbole
I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon
and the stars.
The noise was big enough to wake the dead.
Contrast
Presently Ben Rogers came in sight. He was eating an
apple….Became nearer. Tom’s mouth watered for the
apple, but he stuck to his work.
Tom gave up the brush with reluctance in his face, but
eagerness in his heart.
Are not there little chapters in everybody’s life, that seem
to be nothing, and yet affected all the rest of the history?
And so, my fellow Americans , ask not what your country
can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
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Oxymoron
……and when he, being the eldest, had told the noble lie
that “he was not hungry, could not eat a bit more,” in
order to imitate his mother’s bravery, and still the sharp
wail of the younger infants.
Conspicuous absence, a living death, a love-hate
relationship, dully bright, shine darkly
Rhetoric Question
What business is it of yours? You mind your own affairs.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Didn’t I tell you he would forget?
10.Alliteration
His great gaunt figure filled the cabin door.
A drunkard doddered down the street, humming.
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3.汉语中的层递,在英语里则分为climax和
anti-climax。前者是递升,后者是递降。
4.汉语中较少使用的警语,在英语里则分为
oxymoron和paradox。前者一般表现为短
语,后者一般表现为句子。
Translation of Figures of Speech
修辞格的翻译方法
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4. A→A 直译法
对近似的辞格，尽可能直译，保留原有辞格。
5. A→0 意译法
对不可译辞格，阐释大意，有损原文之美。
6. A→B 替换法
换用其它辞格，保留修辞效果，异曲同工。
7. 0→A 增益法
翻译时无中生有，加强修辞效果，美化译文。
1. 直译法(A→A)
——对近似的辞格，尽可能直译
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如simile明喻,metaphor 暗喻, metonymy
借喻)， Personification 拟人，Zeugma
拈连)，Punning双关，Antithesis对偶，
Parallelism排比，Repetition反复，
Euphemism委婉语，Rhetorical Question
反问，Onomatopoeia拟声，Irony反语等。
• 1)作家的笔犹如战士的枪。
• The pen is to a writer what the gun is to
a fighter.
• 2) Jane’s uncle is an old fox，up to
all kinds of evils. 简的叔叔是个老狐
狸，什么坏事都干得出来。
• 3) How soon hath Time，the subtle
thief of youth，stolen on his wing my
three and twentieth year! （John
Milton）
• 时间，这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷，盗
窃了我二十又三年飞走了。
4)我从乡下跑到京城里，一转眼已经六年
了。（鲁迅：《一件小事》）
Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I
came to the capital city from the
countryside.
• 5)尤氏道：“我也暗暗地叫人预备了。—
—就是那件东西，不得好木头，且慢慢地
办着罢。”（曹雪芹：《红楼梦》，第十
一回）
• “I’ve secretly sent people to get
things prepared. But they haven’t
found good wood for that thing yet，
so we have to wait.”
• 6) 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面，弯了
腰，去研究背心上的文字。（鲁迅：
《示众》）
• Baldy，standing almost directly
opposite White Jerkin，stooped to
study the characters written on his
jerkin.
• 7) Paper and ink cut the throats of
men，and the sound of a breath many
shake the world. （= written words；
speech）
• 纸墨能割断人的喉管，嗓音能震动整个
世界。（纸墨=写几个字；嗓音=说几句
话）
• 8) His brother is a disturber of
the piano keys.
• A.他哥哥是一个钢琴家。
• B.他哥哥是一个跟钢琴键找麻烦的人。
• （这一折绕句有着幽默的效果。）
• 9)广场上又烧起欢乐的篝火。（曲波：
《林海雪原》）
• Jubilant bonfires were lit again on
the square.
• 10) In the examination，the boy
threw a nervous glance at the
teacher，who was obviously
suspicious of his cheating.
• 在考场上，那个男孩用紧张的眼光瞥了
老师一眼，老师显然怀疑到他在作弊。
• 11) The explosion completely
destroyed a church，two houses，
and a flowerpot.
• 这起爆炸事故彻底毁坏了一个教堂、两
所房屋和一个花盆。
• 12) What a noble illustration of the
tender laws of his favoured
country! —they let the paupers go to
sleep! （Charles Dickens）
• 以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈法律是多
么有意义的例证! ——他们竟允许穷人睡
觉!
• 13) A hammering clatter of hoofs
beating the hard road.
• “得、得、得”，坚硬的路面上响着接连
不断的马蹄声。
• 14) She lost her heart and necklace
at a ball.
• A. 在一次舞会上，她丢了魂，也丢了项
链。
• B.在一次舞会上，她倾心爱上了一个人，
但却丢失了她的项链。
• 15)生产多么需要科学!
革命多么需要科学!
人民多么需要科学!
• （秦牧：《向科学技术现代化进军的战鼓》）
（排比）
• Our production is in burning need of
science!
• Our revolution is in burning need of
science!
• Our people are in burning need of science!
• 16) The blood stained her honour
and her new brocade.
• 血迹玷污了她的新装，也玷污了她的名
誉。
• （英语中的zeugma，常常把虚的放在前
面，如本句中的honour和下面句中的
heart，把实的放在后面，如本句中的
brocade和下面句中的necklace，而汉
语译文必须按逻辑关系来安排前后。）
• 18) 他细味他俩最近的几页可爱的历史。
想一节伤一回心，但他宁愿这样甜蜜的伤
心。（《朱自清文集》第一卷）
• He meditated upon their recent
pleasant experiences. Each time he
indulged in such meditation，he felt
heart-broken. But he was eager to
taste this kind of sweet bitterness.
需要加注
• 19) Every family is said to have at least
one skeleton in the cupboard.
• 俗话说，衣柜藏骷髅，丑事家家有。
需要根据文化差异改动
• 20)接着他们用绳子五花大绑,把他捆得
象个粽子似的,又是一阵拳打脚踢。
• They give him a good cuff and kick,
trusses him up like a fowl and then went
on walloping and kicking him again till
his nose and mouth were a bloody pulp.
• 21) curtain-lecture
• 22) like mushroom
枕头风
雨后春笋
2. A→0 意译法
——对不可译辞格，阐释大意
• 1) as cool as a cucumber
• A. 像黄瓜一样镇定
• B. 非常冷静
• 2) as sharp as a needle
• A. 像针一样精明
• B.十分精明
• 3) as sure as a gun
• A. 像枪一样确切
• B. 一点不错
• 4)空对着，山中高士晶莹雪；
• 终不忘，世外仙姝寂寞林。（曹雪芹：
《红楼梦》，第五回）
• Vainly facing the hermit in sparkling
snow-clad hills
• I forget not the fairy in lone woods
beyond the world.(杨）
• 5) 人曾是僧，人弗能成佛
女卑为婢，女又可称奴
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（内含析字格）
• 6) 民国万税 天下太贫
•
这是解放前有人讽刺国民党反动统治
的一副对联，其中 “税”与 “岁”谐
音，“贫”与 “平”谐音，这样的谐音
双关的确很难翻译。
• 7) The professor rapped on his desk and
shouted：“Gentlemen，order!” — The
entire class yelled：“Beer!”
• 这个幽默在于 order 的一词二义，第一个意思
是 “安静”，也是教授先生的原意，该词的第
二个意思是 “点菜”，也是全班学生故意的曲
解，因此他们大声齐喊 “啤酒”，令人啼笑皆
非。这个双关语只能通过注释来处理。
• 8) The sixth sick sheik’s sixth
sheep’s sick.
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• 回文；Palindrome；Chiasmus
• 9) No X in Nixon.
• 尼克松心中没有谜。
• （这是有人对美国前总统尼克松的赞语。）
• 10) Able was I ere I saw Elba.
• 拿破仑被流放到Elba到时的豪言:被流放到
Elba岛之前我无所不能。
11) ……无论你所做的事是文化还是武化。
（鲁迅：《〈这回是第三次〉案语》）
... no matter whether you are resorting
to civilization or war.
• 仿词
3. A→B 替换法
——换用其它辞格，尽量保证修辞效果
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1）Alliteration头韵法
例：He is all fire and fight.
译文：他怒气冲冲，来势汹汹。
（用对偶的四字格译出，且押韵）
2）Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
例：Changelessly changing.
劣译：不变化的变化。
改译：既始终如一，又变化多端。
• 3) 嗯嗯呃呃（四个 “口”字旁的汉字）
• hem and haw
• 后者是以 [h] 为头韵的英文词，两者都
表示 “结结巴巴地说话”。
• 4) 祸福
• 可译成 weal and woe
• 前者是两个 “礻”字旁的汉字，后者是
以[w]为头韵的英文词，两者都表示
“幸与不幸”。
• 5) 民国万税 天下太贫
• Long live the nation teeming with taxes；
• Peace be with the republic prosperous in
poverty！
• Long live the Republic with a long list of taxes;
Great peace to the Nation with great piercing
poverty!
• 谐音→Oxymoron
• 6) When a woman complained to her butcher
that his sausages tasted like meat at one end，
but like bread at the other，he replied：
“Madam，in times like these no butcher can
make both ends meat.”
• 这年代，顾得了头，顾不了尾。
• 7) The professor rapped on his desk and
shouted：“Gentlemen，order!” The entire
class yelled：“Beer!”
• 译文1： ——同学们，我们上什么？
•
——上啤酒。
• 译文2：——先生们，吆喝什么（要喝什么） ？
•
——要喝啤酒。
• 译文3：——先生们，轻点（请点）。
•
——我点啤酒。
• Pun→谐音
• 8)和尚打伞——无法无天。
• A monk under an umbrella-bald and
bold.
• A monk with an umbrella overheadhairless and fearless.
• 语意双关→尾韵
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9) Better late that the late.
迟到总比丧命好。
晚了总比完了好。
谐音
宁迟一时，不迟一世。
对偶
慢行回家，快行回老家。
• 10)无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。
• Leaves are dropping down like the spray of a
waterfall, while I watch the long river always
rolling on. (Witter Bynner)
• The boundless forest shed its leaves shower by
shower; the endless river rolls its waves hour after
hour.(许渊冲)
• In the boundless forest, falling leaves swirl and
twirl all around; on the endless Yangtze, rolling
waves crash and splash all along.
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11) 寻寻觅觅，
冷冷清清，
凄凄惨惨戚戚。
I see but seek in vain，
I search and search again：
I feel so sad，so drear，
So lonely，without cheer. （许渊冲译）
• 12)狄更斯小说《大卫·科波菲尔》第二十二章，
有这样一段令译者颇感棘手的文字游戏：
• I love my love with an E, because she’s
enticing; I hate herewith an E, because
she’s engaged; I took her to the sign of
the exquisite, and treated her with an
elopement; her name’s Emily, and she lives
in the east.（Charles Dickens: David
Copperfield）
• 这段话颇让译者费脑筋，虽说汉语中不乏嵌字游
戏，可是书到用时往往恨少。
• 董秋斯译为：我爱我的爱人为了一个E，
因为她是Enticing（迷人的）；我恨我
的爱人为了一个E,因为她是Engaged
（订了婚了）。我用我的爱人象征
Exquisite（美妙），我劝我的爱人从事
Elopement（私奔），她的名字是Emily
（爱弥丽），她的住处在East.（东方）
• 我爱我的爱，因为她长得实在招人爱。
我恨我的爱，因为她不回报我的爱。
我带着她到挂着浮荡子招牌的一家，和她
谈情说爱。我请她看一出潜逃私奔，为的
是我能和她长久你亲我爱。她的名字叫爱
弥丽，她的家住在爱仁里。（张谷若 ）
• 吾爱吾爱，因伊可爱；吾恨吾爱，因伊
另有所爱。吾视吾爱，神圣之爱，吾携
吾爱，私逃为爱；吾爱名爱米丽，吾东
方之爱。（中国翻译杂志）
• 马红军主张用同音异形字处理：
• 我爱我的那个“丽”，可爱迷人有魅力；
我恨我的那个“丽”，要和他人结伉俪；
她文雅大方又美丽，和我私逃去游历；
她芳名就叫爱米丽，家住东方人俏丽。
• 爱她也为一个“人”，魅力无边迷死人；
恨她也为一个“人”，错订终身许他人。
满眼看她是完人， 带她私奔瞒众人。
她叫爱弥丽好可人，家住东边想煞人。
• 我爱我的那个“丽”，落落大方真美丽；
我恨我的那个“丽”，要和他人结伉俪；
我的心里她最靓丽，带她私奔路迤逦；
她名字就叫爱弥丽，家在东方好瑰丽。
• 13) Anger is only one letter short
of danger.
• 心字头上一把刀。
• 14)
• A: It’s an order from President Bush.
• B: I don’t care if it is from bush, tree
or grass.
• 这是布什总统的命令。
• 我不在意它来自灌木、树木、还是草。
• 我不在乎它来自布什、树木、还是草。
• 管他什么布什、布头、布片呢，与我无关。
• 我才不管他什么布十、布七、还是布一呢。
4. 0 →A 增益法
翻译时无中生有，加强修辞效果
•
•
•
•
1) 安乐窝
a bed of roses
2) 一夜成名
mushroom fame
• I repair to the enchanted house,
where there are lights, chattering,
music, flower, officers, and the
eldest Miss Larkins, a blaze of beauty.
• 译文：我现在朝着那家仙宫神宇走去，
那儿灯光辉煌、人与嘈杂、乐音悠扬、
花草缤纷、军官纷来（这是我看着极为
心痛的），还有拉钦大小姐，简直是仪
态万方、丰姿千状。（张谷若译）
• The mayor of Toledo said in 1932: “I have
seen thousands of these defeated，discouraged，
hopeless men and women， cringing and
fawning as they come to ask for public aid.
It is a spectacle of national degradation.”
（ W. Manchester： The Glory and the Dream）
• Ø 托莱多市长在一九三二年说过：“ 我见到数千万
遭受了挫折的、 失去了信心和希望的男人和女人又
奉承又乞怜地 前来请求救济。这么一个情景 给国家
丢了脸。”
• Ø 托莱多市长在一九三二年说过：“ 我见到成千上
万 的山穷水尽 、 灰心绝望 的男男女女 前来请求救
济。他们低声下气 ，苦苦哀求。此情此景 ，真是丢
尽了美国的脸。”
• Dairyman Crick’s household of maids
and men lived on comfortably,
placidly, even merrily. （Ibid.）
• Ø 克里克老板牛奶厂里的男男女女，都
过得舒舒服服、平平静静，甚至于还嬉
嬉笑笑、闹闹嚷嚷。
修辞翻译的原则
•
•
•
•
功力深厚，尽量直译。
灵活变通，采用替换。
无计可施，选择意译。
美化译文，不妨增益。
•
•
•
•
1）He is as tight as a drum.
译文1. 他像鼓一样紧。
译文2.他非常吝啬，不肯花钱 。
译文3.他像只铁公鸡，一毛不拔。
• 2) 人曾是僧，人弗能成佛
女卑为婢，女又可称奴
• 译文1. The man who has been a monk cannot
become a Buddha. The girl who is a bond
maid may be called a slave.(钱歌川)
• 译文2. A Buddhist cannot bud into a Buddha;
a maiden maybe made a house maid.(许渊冲)
• 3) “Mine is a long and a sad tale！”said the
Mouse，turning to Alice and sighing．
“It is a long tail，certainly，”said Alice，
looking down with wonder at the Mouse‘s tail；
“ but why do you call it sad？”（L．Carroll：
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland）
• 译文1
• “我的故事说来真是又长又伤心!”耗子转向爱丽
丝叹口气说。
•
“你的尾确实很长”，爱丽思惊奇地朝下
看着耗子尾巴说，“可是干吗说它伤心呢？”
• 译文2
•
那老鼠对着爱丽丝叹了口气道“,唉!
我的身世说来可真是又长又苦又委屈呀!”
•
爱丽丝听了，瞧着那光滑的尾巴说“,
你这尾是曲呀!可是你为什么又叫它苦
呢?”
• 5)美国富兰克林可称一代语言大师,在其
诸多妙语中,翻译界议论最多的是那个妙
用两个hang的句子，即富兰克林在《独
立宣言》上签名时说的那句话:
•
If we don't hang together, we
shall most assuredly hang separately
• If we don’t hang together, we shall
assuredly hang separately.（Benjamin
Franklin）
• 译文1. 咱们要是不到摽一块儿,保准会吊到一块
儿。
• 译文2.我们要是不抱在一起，保准会吊到一起。
• 译文3.我们必须共同上战场，要不就得分别上
刑场。
• 译文4.我们必须共赴沙场,否则就会分赴杀场。
• 6) It was a splendid population, for all
the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths
stayed at home.
• 译文1.那是一批卓越的人——那些慢慢吞吞、
昏昏沉沉、反应迟钝、形如树懒的人都留在了
家乡。
• 译文2.那是一批卓越能干的人——因为所有那
些行动迟缓、头脑愚钝、睡眼惺忪、呆如树懒
的人都呆在家乡了。
• 译文3. 这帮人个个出类拔萃——因为凡是呆
板、呆滞、呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。
• 译文4. 这帮人个个出类拔萃——因为凡是懒
散、懒惰、懒洋洋的的树懒（懒汉，懒虫）都
赖在了家里。
• 7) On Sunday, they pray for you
and on Monday they prey on you.
• 译文1.周日他们祈祷你，周一他们吃掉
你。（曹顺发）
• 译文2.星期天他们祈祷你的幸福，星期
一他们欺盗你的财产。（廖七一）
• 译文3.今天他们祈福你，明天他们欺负
你。（杨全红）
• 8) The sixth sick sheik’s sixth sheep’s
sick.
• 四只狮子私吃四十只涩柿子。（赵彦春译）
• 9) Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled
peppers.
• 吃葡萄不吐葡萄皮,不吃葡萄篇吐葡萄皮。
•
•
•
•
10) Ma is as selfless as I am.
妈妈和我一样毫无自私自利之心。
妈妈为我，我为妈妈。
妈妈爱我如我爱妈妈。
• 11) Able was I ere I saw Elba.
• 我在看到厄尔巴岛以前是强有力的。（钱歌川）
• 不见棺材不掉泪，不到厄岛我不倒。（许渊冲）
• 落败孤岛孤败落，若非孤岛孤非弱。（马红军）
• 12) What makes a road broad? – the
letter “B”.
• 什么使门变阔？——“活”字呗。（刘雪芹）
• 13) What flowers does everybody
have?-Tulips.
• 人人都有的是什么花？——泪花。（马红军）
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14) Mr. Knott taught in London．He lived a long way from school，
so he was usually quite tired when he got home．At nine o'clock
one evening，When the moment he went to bed，the telephone
rang．He went downstairs. picked up the telephone and said，
“This is White Bridge 1313 . Who's speaking，please?”
“Watt,” a man answered．
“What's your name，please?” Said Mr. Knott．
“Watt，is my name,” said the answer．
“Yes．I asked you that．What's your name?”
“I told you．Watt’s my name， said the other man．“Are you
Jack
Smith?”
“No．I'm Knott.” Answered Mr. Knott．
“Will you please give me your name? ”said the other
man．(light)
“Will Knott，”answered Mr. Knott．
Both Of them put the telephone down angrily and thought：
“That
was a rude and stupid man!”
Assignment
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1. Translate the following into Chinese
YOUTH
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,
red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a
vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity, of the
appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60
more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We
grow old by deserting our ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry,
fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust.
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder, the
unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the
center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it
receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and
from the Infinite, so long are you young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism
and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as
your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die
young at 80.
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1. Translate the following into English
匆匆
朱自清
燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。
但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们
罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了：现在又到了哪里呢？
我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千
多日子已经从我手中溜去；象针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，
没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。
去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着，去来的中间，又怎样的匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，
小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟
着旋转。于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过
去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又
从遮挽着的手边过去，天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身边垮过，从我
脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。我掩着面叹息。但是新
来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。
在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只
有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟
却被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着象游
丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢？但不能平的，
为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？
你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？