CHAPTER 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter includes the introduction, theoretical framework, conceptual framework,
statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope and limitation, significance of the study and
definition of terms used.
Introduction
Most of the students attended on their school for the sake of their learnings,
teachers expected the students to gain knowledge from them enable to pursue what they
want in future. But how about those students who attending on class and after that
attending to their jobs, how about their learning outcome? how does those students
manipulate their time to do a paper works while doing their job?
According to them Furr and Elling (2000) suggested that there are many reasons
why students take a part time job. First, financial problems (Furr and Elling, 2000)
becomes mostly reasons some of students forced to take part time job.
Second, students’ involvement in employment has positive impact to develop
career related skills. It is hands-on experience that cannot be gained in the
classroom alone. Whatever the reasons the students have in taking part time job, there
is a popular believe that student with part time job do not tend to have higher academic
achievement, because their focus time of study has been divided with their working time.
Better academic achievement only can be achieved by students who spend more time on
academic related activities outside of class (e.g., reading the text, completing assignment,
studying, and preparing reports) (Sarah & Hudson, 2005).
A part-time job is a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a
full-time job. They work in shifts. The shifts are often rotational. Workers are considered
to be part-time if they commonly work fewer than 30 hours per week.
This study aims to know the impacts of having part time work while studying, to
know the hindrances that students encountered while doing their job in their academic
performance and how they cope with it.
Theoretical framework
The study was based on the Theory of Academic Performance by Atkinson’s
(e.g., Atkinson, 1996; Weiner, 1967) According to Atkinson, educators generally agree
that a major variable affecting the academic performance is motivation. However,
important as a motivational variable’s may be in understanding, predicting and controlling
classroom performance, there is paucity of information and theory associated with them.
There are many theories of human motivation; but little attempt has been made to
extend this theory in a systematic way to educational situations. Furthermore, the
occasional application of psychological theory to education has not typically eventuated
in theory of academic motivation a unified and coherent body of information. As a result,
there is very little in the way of motivation theory which is clearly help to the academic
performance.
This situation is not without hope, however. The work of several theories has
shown has promise of evolving postulates and hypothesis relevant to the teachinglearning process. Prominent among these is the theory of academic motivation,
particularly as formulated by Atkinson. This theory has provided a productive approach
to a variety of behavioral phenomena; thus, it has been suggested, that it may also give
direction to educationally relevant research.
The cited theory is relevant to the present study since it aimed to determine the
impact of having part time work towards academic performance of students in ICCT
colleges Binangonan Campus.
Conceptual framework
Input
INI
Profile of the
Respondents





Age
Sex
Sibling Position
Parents
Educational
attainment
Monthly Family
Income
Process




Construction
and Validation
of
QuestionnaireChecklist
Administration
of the
QuestionnaireChecklist
Data Gathering
Analysis and
Interpretation of
Data
Figure 1
FEEDBACK
Output
*Formulation of
conclusion and
recommendations
“Conceptual Framework Showing the Impacts towards Academic Performance
of the Working Students in ICCT Colleges”
Statement of the problem
This study aimed to determine the impacts of having part time work while studying in ICCT
colleges during the School Year 2019-2020.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following question:
1. “What is the profile of the working students with regard their:”
1.1 age;
1.2 sex;
1.3 sibling position;
1.4 parent educational attainment; and
1.5 monthly family income;
2. “Absenteeism”
Some contributing factor that can affect the academic performance of students,
because of their job students did not attend to their class because of the schedule
and they need to rest and its really affect their academic performance also their
grades.
3. “Lack of financial support”– Some contributing factors is having poor financial
support form their parents, students tend to get a part time job enable to get some
money to provide what he/she needs, students will become more stressful that can
really affect their study.
4. “Increase stress level”
Working along with studies gives you opportunities but on the other hand, it can
increase stress level too. There can be days where you have to do overwork,
which sometimes does not allow a student to pay attention towards his studies.
5. “Procrastination”
Also contributing factor is procrastination students who has part time job can
really experience it because of lack of concentration and because of their job
sometimes they did not attend of it because of tiredness and they need to rest.
6. “Lack of concentration”
Taking in every perspective of working along there can be chances where you
have deadlines and examination at the same time. Multitasking is really hard to
do especially for those students that needed to focus and to accomplish projects
and recap for the examination.
7. “Having low sleep hours”
Having low sleep of hours can really affect the academic performance of
students, Student who has part time work really experience it they tend to work
instead of taking rest that can affect their academic performance.
8. “Simultaneously school works”
Students who have a part time work are really prone to this issue of not
complying of school works because of the job that they have resulting to low
grades and low academic performance,
9. “Tiredness”
One of the contributing factors is tiredness, students who has part time work
experience lack of sleep that can really affect their studies. Students tends to
take a rest instead of going to their class, because of their class and ending up
not attending their class.
10. “Being bread winner of the family”
Being bread winner of the family can one of the factors why does the student part
time work, students need to gain money income enable to provide not only
he/she needs but also to his/her family that may lead a student to cannot focus
on studies that can really affect the academic.
11. “Poor time management”
Working students does not know how to control their time end up letting tasks sit
until the last minute and is one of the reasons why their part time job affects their
academic performance.
12. “Can lead a student to dropout”
Higher risk of dropping out juggling work and study will be stressful to students
which may lead to dropouts. Few hours on campus can help integrate students
into campus life and retention while long hours of work, can have the opposite
effect.
13. “School Expenses”
One contributing factor why student taking part time work is because they wanted
to fulfil his/her dream but because of the tuition fee students tend to take part
time job to help his/her parents for the expenses while studying.
14. Lack of interest in studying
Working students cannot focus on their study because of their part time job,
especially when they need to study hard for their examination, it can lead a student
to lost interest and focus on their job instead of studying hard.
15. “Lead to failing grades”
Failing grades can occur especially to those students that have work because
they are not focus only to the study, they have a lot of barriers to know their
lesson immediately that can result to a failing grades.
Scope and delimitation
This study was conducted to determine the impacts of part time work towards
academic performance of ICCT Colleges as perceived by the working students in during
the school year 2019 – 2020.
This study is limited to 50 students at ICCT Colleges, Binangonan, Rizal and who
are currently working while studying. The researchers concentrated on how working
students improves their academic performance while having a part-time job.
The respondents of this study are the students of ICCT colleges Binangonan
campus who taking part time work. This study shall take place in Binangonan, Rizal only.
Survey questions are administered after the respondents confirm their participation on
this study. Additionally, the findings of this study are limited based only on the answers of
the respondents. Hence, the results of the data gathered represents the views only of the
respondents not all the school of Binangonan, Rizal as a whole.
Significance of the study
This study will be beneficial to the following:
School Administrators. It will guide them to come up with the scheme to help students
who have difficulty paying on time their tuition fees and some school financial
requirements.
Working Students. This study will serve as their guide on how to become good
and responsible students, especially to the students having a family soon, because they
will able to carry out their responsibilities and duties as wives and possibly working.
Guidance Counselors. It will help them find way on how to counsel and guide
students who are found to be laden with problems because they are working students.
Parents. It is important to the parent, especially to those parents who work outside
the home for they will be able to know the effects it may bring on having a son or daughter
having a part time job.
Future Researchers. The proposed study will benefit and help the future
researcher as their guide. The study can also open in development of this study.
Definition of terms used
The following are the operational definitions used in this study to improve the
introductory statement;
Academic Performance - is the outcome of education — the extent to which a
student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals.
Education-
is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition
of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.
Educational
methods
include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education
frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate
themselves.
Performance- Performance measurement is the process of collecting, analyzing
and reporting information regarding the performance of an individual, group, organization,
system or component.
Stress- it is the body reaction to any situation or events that places unusual
demand to the body.
Job- a task or piece of work, especially one that is paid.
Strategy- a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
Notes
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the local and foreign literature after thorough and in-depth
search done by the researcher.
Local literature
De Guzman, De Castro (2011) graduates need to develop personal skills, qualities
and experiences that enable to them to compete in the labor market. The author advises
the need for students to do everything they can for them to grow as experts in their chosen
field while they are still in school. All these trainings and experiences will just benefit them
where the time comes that will be establishing their own careers. This is related the
present study as it gave suggestions to further improve the AB Journalism curriculum
which must live up to demands and expectations of the different industries. The
Philippines may go beyond the standing of employment in the country, rights and
importance should be understood. As specified in the book Labor Economics by Cristobal
M. Pagoso, in view of low literacy rates in rising unemployment in developing countries,
it has become imperative that greater educational opportunities should be provided for
the great proportion of adult population as well as the large number of youth outside the
formal school system to help them acquire further knowledge and skill thereby improving
their livelihood and strengthening the country. From the book Contemporary Social
Problems and Issues, it states that the educational levels and literacy rates of workers in
the Philippines are among the highest in Asia, but technical, manual and managerial are
poorly developed and in short supply. There is an over-abundance of college graduates
that most especially in Manila area were in the field of education, law and other
professionals exceed in demand to find employment appropriate to their educational
training.
This
information
may
be
considered
in
the
improvement
of AB Journalism curriculum to add the technical; manual and managerial skillswhich are
said to be lacking among the Filipino graduates
Angelo Dulas (2010) Primarily, the study was conducted to determine the
relationship between self-efficacy and academic performances on Math and English
subject of science high school students. The objectives are (a) to find what level of selfefficacy do High school students have and (b) to explore if there is gender difference
among high school students in terms of their self-efficacy and academic performance.
Foreign literature
Demmert, William G., Jr (2006). This literature review examines research-based
information on educational approaches and programs associated with improving the
academic performance of Native American students. A search reviewed ERIC's over
8,000 documents on American Indian education, as well as master's and doctoral
dissertations and other sources of research on the education of Native Americans.
Selected research reports and articles were organized into the following categories: early
childhood environment and experiences; Native language and cultural programs;
teachers, instruction, and curriculum; community and parental influences on academic
performance; student characteristics; economic and social factors; and factors leading to
success in college or college completion. The status of research and major research
findings are reviewed for each of these categories; brief summaries of research findings
with citations are included following the review of each category. Also included are an
annotated bibliography of more than 100 research reports, journal articles, and
dissertations, most published after 1985; and a bibliography of 23 additional references
to other literature reviews and non-Native studies. (SV)
As stressed by Gilani (2012) in the works of Garcia and Pearson, reading strategies
are deliberate actions that learners select to establish and improve their reading
comprehension. He stressed that these strategies are the mental processes involved in
the reading techniques chosen by the students while reading. Usually, these techniques
are selected consciously to facilitate reading comprehension.
Locally, based on the results of National Assessment of Educational Progress
(NAEP) exams, progress in reading comprehension is lagging behind the improvement
in mathematics over the past two decades. Part of the difficulty is that the strategies have
been drawn by assuming that we actually know what good readers do and that reading
comprehension can be dissected into various parts, each one necessitating a particular
strategy. Reading comprehension is really complex.
In addition, to Horowitz (2012), the reader must also be intentional and thoughtful
while reading, monitoring the words and their meaning as reading progresses. And the
reader must apply reading comprehension strategies as ways to be sure that what is
being read matches their expectations and builds on their growing body of knowledge
that is being stored for immediate or future reference.
Notes
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, setting of the study, respondents of the
study, Instrumentation, Validation of instrument, procedure of the study and statistical
treatment.
Research Design
The researcher utilized the descriptive method using quantitative approach in
gathering information about the present condition Krathwohl, D. R, (2009), descriptive
research as purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating data
about prevailing condition, practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause-effect
relationship and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with
or without the aid of statistical methods. A descriptive type of research according to Best
(1993), involves the collection of data to answer question concerning the current status
of the subject in the study. It designed to gather information or conditions existing at a
particular period of time. The focus of the whole process is on the impacts of financial
problems on the academic achievement of students.
Setting of the study
This study conducted at ICCT COLLEGES Binangonan Campus. The location of
ICCT COLLEGES Binangonan Campus is located at Calumpang Binangonan Rizal the
respondents of this research are focuses of the college and senior high school student of
ICCT Colleges Binangonan Campus. ICCT Colleges Foundation Inc., is a tertiary
education provider with campuses located mainly in the Province of Rizal, Philippines. In
Rizal it has campuses in the municipalities of Cainta, Sumulong Hi-way (Cainta), San
Mateo, Cogeo, Antipolo, Taytay, Binangonan and Angono. It exists under the law of the
Republic of the Philippines and offers courses that are accredited by Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
(TESDA) and as well as industry accredited certificates.
The Institute of Creative Computer Technology was originally established in Rizal
by Dr. William S. Co on 15 December 1992 because Dr. Co wanted to help the people of
Rizal acquire skills in computer technology. By 1994, they began offering fouryear degree programs. With the passage of Republic Act No. 7722 of the Higher
Education Act of 1994, privately controlled educational institution's academic fees were
deregulated. Unlike the other universities and colleges who used this as an most value
for money. Until today, ICCT Colleges continues to provide the most affordable tuition
fees. This makes it stand out among its peers. (2)
Respondents of the study
The researcher collaboratively decided to have the selected students of ICCT
COLLEGES Binangonan Campus that will participate in the study. Wherein students have
part time work while studying with the total population of 50 to act as a respondent. The
researcher divided the survey questionnaire to be able to get each and every grade level
to get better result for the study.
Instrumentation
The instrument of this study was a researcher-made questionnaire-checklist. The
instrument was composed of one.
The instrument consisted of personal data of the respondents in terms of sex,
gender and grade level. And also, it consisted of questions that will lead the researcher
to find the strategies in coping financial problem to achieve better grades.
Validation of Instrument
To check the validity of items the researcher sought the help of the professional
lecturer, Research instructor and the academic coordinator for the suggestion and
comments. The comments and suggestions of the said experts were considered for the
improvement of the instrument.
Procedure of study
The research process is detailed on it has many procedures. First and foremost, the
researchers give their ideas for the research title and analyze if the topic has enough
data to be studied. The current study follows the GANTT Chart of Activities in the
conduct of the study. The study was made during the Third semester, Academic Year
2019-2020. After the title approval, the researchers started to gather information to
support the chapter 1 of this study, the instrumentation was also gathered and
formulated after the approval of chapters 1 and 2 questionnaires were distributed after
the approval and the permission were granted. Then they analyze and compute each
number of students there is in college and senior high school students and distributed
survey that are made by the researchers, Once the survey is completed and all the
questions are answered by the respondents, the researcher analyze the answer and
to come up for an answer. Conducted a survey with the help of other students from
different grade level to gather the answers and data needed for them to get too the
last part, the conclusion.
Statistical Treatment
For sufficient treatment of the data gathered, the study utilized the
statistical treatment as follows:
To determine the profile of the respondents, frequency, percentage and rank
distribution were utilized:
As well as anticipated problems in pursuing their studies, like financial problem
how its effect on students.
CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data based on each
category.
PERSONAL DATA
This section of the questionnaire covered the respondents’ age, gender grade
level. Though not central to the study, the personal data helped contextualize the findings
and the formulation of appropriate recommendations enable to know the impacts of part
time work toward academic performance of the students.
Table 4.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of The Respondents in Terms
of Selected Variables.
Sex
Male
Female
Total
Age
16-18
19-20
21-22
23 and up
Total
Grade Level
Senior high school
College
Total
Frequency (f)
21
29
50
%
42%
58%
100%
Ranking
2
1
19
18
12
1
50
38%
36%
24%
2%
100%
1
2
3
4
29
21
50
58%
42%
100%
1
2
The table presents the frequency of the sample population, in accordance
with their profile such as sex, age and grade level. Aligned with the frequency for each
are the corresponding percentages. Under the sex section, it shows 42% are male and
58% are female. While 38% of the age is those who belong to 16-18 of age, the 36%
are those who belong to 19-20, 24% belong to 21-22, and 2% who belong to 23 and up.
In terms of profession, it shows 15% for both undergraduate and graduated while most
percentage belongs to variable experienced business with 70%.
In terms of grade level, it shows 42% for college students while most
percentage belongs to senior high school with 58%.
INTERPRETATION OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
We carried on a questionnaire survey among 50 students in ICCT Binangonan
campus. The following is our data collection and analysis:
1. What is your sibling position?
Female
Male
other
21%
other
30%
1st child
44%
youngest
22%
1st child
2nd child
2nd child
4%
youngest
other
youngest
7%
2nd child
31%
1st child
2nd child
1st child
41%
youngest
other
2. What is your parent highest educational Attainment?
Male
Male
Elementary
10%
Elementary
10%
College
38%
Highschool
33%
College
57%
Highschool
52%
Elementary
Highschool
Elementary
College
Father Educational Attainment
Highschool
College
Mother Educational Attainment
Female
Female
Elementary
11%
Elementary
10%
College
45%
College
46%
Highschool
43%
Highschool
45%
Elementary
Highschool
Elementary
College
Father Educational Attainment
Highschool
College
Mother Educational Attainment
3. What is your monthly family Income? (Estimated)
Male
16,000 up
29%
Female
5,00010,000
38%
11,00015,000
33%
5,000-10,000
16,000 up
28%
5,00010,000
34%
11,00015,000
38%
11,000-15,000
16,000 up
5,000-10,000
11,000-15,000
16,000 up
4. How do you assess the financial situation on your family?
Male
Female
Bad
10%
Bad
0%
Satisfied
48%
Satisfied
33%
Good
52%
Good
57%
Good
Satisfied
Bad
Good
Satisfied
Bad
5. Do you spend enough time on academic matters?
Female
Male
Never
14%
Never
0%
Always
29%
Always
21%
Sometimes
79%
Sometimes
57%
Always
Sometimes
Never
Always
Sometimes
Never
6. Do you prepare daily or weekly “to do” list?
Female
Male
Never
5%
Never
14%
Always
21%
Always
43%
Sometimes
52%
Sometimes
65%
Always
Sometimes
Never
Always
Sometimes
Never
7. What is your main reason why you are taking part time work while studying? (can
select more than one)
Male
Female
Lack of
financial
support
14%
Independent
student
10%
to support
your wants
and need
57%
Because of
your parents
19%
Lack of financial support
Lack of
financial
support
27%
to support
your wants
and need
59%
Independent
student
14%
Lack of financial support
Independent student
Independent student
to support your wants and need
Because of your parents
8. How do you solve those things to settle your grades or to have a good
performance during class hour? (Those factors/things are on question number 7)
Putting
more
attention to
study
33%
Male
Will
participate
during class
hour
53%
Female
Will participate
during class hour
48%
Focus on job
because it is
more
important
Putting more attention to study
14%
Putting more
attention to study
52%
Putting more attention to study
Will participate during class hour
Focus on job because it is more
important
9. How can you maintain your time on studying while you are working?
Have a to-do
list
14%
Focus on
one task at a
time
33%
Set a time limit
Have a to-do list
Male
Have a to-do
list
14%
Set a time
limit
53%
Focus on one task at a time
Focus on
one task at a
time
27%
Set a time limit
Have a to-do list
Female
Set a time
limit
59%
Focus on one task at a time
10. Do you consider your part time work as a factor why you lead to procrastination?
(delayed learning)
Female
Male
No
19%
Yes
19%
Yes
21%
No
27%
Not Really
52%
Not Really
62%
Yes
Not Really
Yes
No
Not Really
No
11. How many sleeping hours do you get during your resting specially at night?
9-10 hrs
9%
Female
Male
3-4 hrs
24%
9-10 hrs
14%
3-4 hrs
24%
7-8 hrs
24%
5-6 hrs
14%
5-6 hrs
43%
3-4 hrs
5-6 hrs
7-8 hrs
9-10 hrs
7-8 hrs
48%
3-4 hrs
5-6 hrs
7-8 hrs
9-10 hrs
12. How do you handle your stress while you are on school or on your job?
Male
Sacrificing
one of its
Skipping
job/not
passing the
requirement
s
14%
Doing your
best to make
it
Female
Skipping job/not
passing the
requirements
4%
Sacrificing
one of its
10%
Doing your best to
make it
86%
Skipping job/not passing the requirements
Skipping job/not passing the requirements
Doing your best to make it
Doing your best to make it
Sacrificing one of its
Sacrificing one of its
13. How often would you say stress interferes with your ability to fall asleep/sleep
through at night?
Male
Female
Very often
24%
Often
19%
Very often
31%
Often
34%
Somewhat
often
57%
Very often
Somewhat
often
35%
Somewhat often
Often
Very often
Somewhat often
14. Do you have still time in browsing your notes or do your project?
Male
Female
Sometimes
17%
No
24%
Yes
76%
Yes
No
Yes
83%
Yes
Sometimes
Often
15. Do you still complying activities, quizzes and other academic matter even though
you are working?
Sometimes
Yes/No
10%
Female
Male
Sometimes
Yes/No
0%
Yes
100%
Yes
90%
Yes
Sometimes Yes/No
Yes
Sometimes Yes/No