Ancient Greece Vocabulary By your favorite students. Define words (in own words, do not copy & paste) Write a complete sentence so that we understand the meaning of the word Add an appropriate picture Make the slide aesthetically pleasing (background fonts,...) Add a hyperlink to the vocab word to an appropriate site Joe start at Slide 1 Eamon start at Slide 13 Cole start at Slide 25 Tom start at Slide 37 Sean start at Slide 49 Polykleitos A Greek Sculptor of the High Classical Period. He created most of his works in bronze and he founded the classic canon of proportions. Pericles He is the most influential Greek statesmen and public speaker of Athens. Encaustic This is a painting method using mencausticelted wax. Myron He was an athenian sculptor and created the Discoboles Entasis It is the slight convex curvature of a column. CELLA - It’s the main chamber of a temple which harbours the cult statue. Dionysos He is the God of wine, fertility and theater. Praxiteles Praxiteles-- He is the greatest of Attic Sculptors. He sculpted Hermes and Dionysos. Alexander the Great ● A phenomenal ruler who spread greek culture and his empire from Egypt to the borders of India. Abacus It is the top part of a capital which makes the transition to the architrave. volute - an artistic element of the Ionic Order made to look like a scroll that is unrolled partially on the capital At the bottom of the steps the railing terminates in a volute. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/volute Propylaia - the traditional Greek form of an entrance gateway http://ancient-greece.org/architecture/propylaia. html Exekias - a painter of the “black-figure vase” style http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/exekias-at tic-black-figure-amphora.html centaur - a Greek mythological creature that is half horse (the lower body and legs) and half man (the torso, head, and arms) http://www.theoi.com/Georgikos/KentauroiThes salioi.html Iktinos and Kallikrates - Greek architects who designed the Parthenon http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Ictinus _and_Callicrates_wi.html Athena - Greek warrior goddess of major importance; she was the “protectress” of the city of Athens http://www.greekmythology.com/Olympians/Ath ena/athena.html architrave - in temple architecture, the lowest level of the entablature http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/greekarchite cture/g/031408architrav.htm caryatid - a column resembling the body of a female http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlight s/highlight_objects/gr/c/caryatid_from_the_erec htheion.aspx pediment - the triangular area created by the cornice and roof http://ancient-greece.org/art/parthenon-ped-we st.html Humanism - a philosophy that places importance on human achievement and individuality; humanism developed to include government and social responsibilities (civic order) http://atheism.about.com/od/abouthumanism/a/ ancientgreece.htm Democracy - the political philosophy in which the people are the direct rulers, most often through electing leaders http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/an cient-greece-democracy Polis - the Greek polis is a free city that serves as a sovereign state http://www.ancient.eu/Polis/ Olympiad A celebration of ancient olympic games. The Olympiad as a whole honored Zeus, but many of the included festivals and athletic competitions were in devotion to other gods as well. Funerary vase a vase with a hole at the bottom in which was buried with the body. Carefully constructed funerary vases were found with the body in the tomb, easily identified by the holes in the bottom. Krater A mixing bowl for wine. This krater was once used to hold expensive wines at the temple to Athena. Kylix An Ancient greek cup with a tall stem and a shallow bowl. The Kylix was often used for drinking wine out of a larger receptacle at celebratory events due to its shallow nature. Amphora A tall jar with two handles and a skinny neck used for storage. The large amphora found in the temple was likely used for protecting sacrificial tools. Hydria Greek pottery used for carrying water long distances with two handles used for lifting the heavy pot. The Greek family’s source of water was a nearby well, as suggested by several heavy hydrias recently excavated. Meander A meander is a decorative border constructed from continuous lines. It is shaped into a continuous theme The beautiful meander emphasized the work’s significance through the detail and precision of its repeating pattern. Geometric Geometric art is a phase of ancient greek art, Largely characterized by geometric motifs in the artists work in vase painting. It really sprung towards the ending of the greek dark ages. It has been concluded that this vase is from the Geometric period due to the geometric patterns used in its decoration. Centauromachy A fight between centaurs and humans. Our class is learning the history of Greek mythology and I will be presenting a project about the battle with a half human/half horse people, known as the centauromachy. Gorgon Three sisters with snakes in their hair who had the power to turn anyone who looked at them into stone. Ex. Medusa Although she is the most notable of the gorgons, Medusa is one of many of the snake-haired women who could turn a human to stone at a glance in Greek mythology. Archaic period A period of greek history that followed the dark ages 800 - 480 B.C. Carbon dating has confirmed that this particular vase was created in the Archaic period, around 600 B.C. Siren were three dangerous bird-women, who were very seductive because they lured sailors with their enchanting musical voices and abilities. The epic poem explained the shipwreck as the work of female sirens, who flew onto the boat and tricked the sailors into falling in love before sinking them to their deaths. Black Figure Painting Also known as the black figure style. Red clay was used as the background and then black paint was used to show figurines. They were painted usually painted in frontal profile. The black-figure painting style used in our museum’s vase is treasured for its artistic style, which used red clay in the background to amplify the black paint used for the figures. Red figure painting Red clay was used as the background and then images were painted using black slips. The painter painted the vase black and cut out the red clay to create beautiful art. Kore A statue of a maiden or goddess, made out of limestone. Sculptures made beautiful statues called Kore(s) made out of limestone Kouros A statue of a young male or god that was made out of limestone. Kouros’ were statues of the same nature as kore. Acanthus These were the leaves that are on Corinthian columns. Acanthus’ are very common in our own country, in the nations capital. ● Architectural order Greek temples were elevated using this rigid and precise system. Architectural order is practically giving the temple a beautiful perspective. Architrave Also called the epistyle, this was the lowest division of the entablature. What the columns border against the building. Capital The cushion on the tops of the columns. The capital is what keeps the column steady and keeps it from damaging the top of the column Classical Age The end of the Persian wars started this time period, which started in 500 B.C. and ended in 400 B.C. During this period “classical” art was produced. Colonnade Columns, which were regularly spaced in a series, to support a lintel. He also encouraged architecture, and in particular constructed the beautiful colonnade in the capital building. Contrapposto This method was developed by the Greeks. It was a position of standing where one leg is thrust forward and all the weight of the body is placed on the engaged leg. Artists and sculptures contrapposto the statues and their art so it looks more proportional. Corinthian These columns were tall, slender and the capitals were formed from acanthus leaves. It was the most elaborate of the three orders. Corinthian columns were the most advanced and beautiful with much detail. Doric The Doric order, one of the three orders, is very plain and works very well horizontally on Greeks building. Doric columns typically had flutes on the shaft. Drum A drum is a section of a column. At the top of the drum there was a capital. Echinus The Doric capital consists of a round flat cushion which is called an echinus. The echinus is between the abacus and the necking. Entablature The entablature is located above the drum. The entablature, which include all the horizontal elements, is the most complex of the three major units. Facade The three main parts of a temple facade are the steps, the columns, and the entablature. Flutes The shafts are marked by 20 shallow vertical grooves called flutes. Frieze The friezes are made up of grooved triglyphs and flat or sculpted metopes. They depict important figures or events. Ideal For most of Greek art, scupltors felt obliged to depict people as ideals of beauty or physical perfection. Ionic Ionic columns were tall and slender and had a scrolled capital. Metopes Naturalism During this time period, artists began making sculptures using naturalism because they wanted them to have a more nature look to them. Pronaos Realism Scupltors started to use realism to show how human actually look, even if the features were not very nice. triglyph Grooved triglyph helped to make up the friezes. Shafts Shafts were marked with 20 shallow vertical grooves, which would give it a beautiful design. Sterobate Sterobates had to be strong in order to support the temples. Stylobate Stylobates are found underneath the base of the columns and were used to support them. Volute Two spiral volutes would be found in the capitals to give it more details.
