TYPES OF VARIABLES ACCORDING TO ITS
USES IN RESEEARCH
1. DEPENDENT VARIABLE – IS A VARIABLE
PRESUMED TO BE AFFECTED OR
INFLUENCED BY OTHER VARIABLES. ALSO
KNOWN OUTCOME/RESULTING/
RESPONSE VARIABLE.
2. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE – IS A VARIABLE
PRESUMED TO AFFECT OR INFLUENCE
OTHER VARIABLES. ALSO KNOWN AS
PREDICTOR/CRITERION VARIABLE
EXAMPLES:
1. ATTITUDE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS
TOWARDS PREMARITAL SEX
DV = ATTITUDE
IV= RELIGION, YEAR LEVEL, SEX, PEER
PRESSURE, FAMILY BACKGROUND, TYPE OF
SCHOOL, MEDIA EXPOSURE, ENVIRONMENT,
ETC.
2. FACTORS AFFECTING PROGRAMING
SKILLS OF BSCS AND BSIT STUDENTS OF
USC
DV = GRADES IN PROGRAMMING
COURSES
IV = IQ, MATH GRADES, NUMBER OF
HOURS SPENT IN STUDYING
PROGRAMMING, HOURS SPENT IN
COMPUTER GAMES, PREVIOUS
PROGRAMMING GRADES
3. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF DRIED FISH
VENDORS IN TABOAN MARKET, CEBU CITY
DV = FM
IV = EDUCATION, SEX, YEARS OF
EXPERIENCE, SEMINARS OR TRAININGS
ATTENDED, FAMILY BACKGROUND,
CAPITAL, ETC.
4. IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE
STUDENTS
DV = AP/GRADES
IV = NUMBER OF HRS. SPENT, NUMBER
SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS, NUMBER
OFFRIEND IN FB, SEX, TYPE OF SOCIAL
MEDIA ACCOUNT, ECONOMIC STATUS,
ETC
5. FINANCIAL LITERACY OF DRIED FISH
VENDORS OF TABOAN MARKET, CC.
DV = FINANCIAL LITERACY
IV = DEGREE, CAPITAL, NO. OF YEARS OF
EXPERIENCE, TRAININGS ATTENDED,
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, ETC.