Friday
09.03.2021 Bio-100
Ch. 3 - Organic Molecules of Life
Organic Molecules
Biological molecules
Organic Molecules have Carban
Carbon
Functional Groups
Bio molecules
Monomers - sub units
Polymers - Groups of monomers
Dehydration Synthesis reaction
Joins monomers to form polyners
- Like demoving a water moleculeHy doelysis - water based breaking of polymer bonds.
Carbo hy doates An immediate energy source
Moroner, (mono saccharides) glucose Cotia Oo
-Simple Sugars"
-Isomers: fructose
Ribose t Deoxyribose
galactose
DNA
glucose & Preferred
Polymers: Saccharides or sugars
RNA
D#
Carbs: Di saccharides
2 more seccharides toge bleo
Sucrose - table sugar
Lactose - milk sugar
Maltose - yeast eats it
for energy &
Produces ethyl
alcohol. - Fermentation Polysaccharides store energyEnergy Storage!
- Plants store glocdse as starch
glycogen
- Animals
Structual components Cellulose - plant Cell Walls
Chitin - Crustacean L insect exoskeletons
Lipids Insoluble in water
can't be broken down by dehyd. Synth.
Long Nonpolar hydro carban chains
Not a least of hydrophilic function groups.
Super diverse structures / Functions
Fats loils used for long-term energy storage
Oil may help waterproof Skin, hair, Fentless, eth
DAO
TriglyceridesFats toils
I glycerolt 3 fatty acids
They're either:
Saturated full of hydrogen atoms. No double-bording
of carbon atans
Un suturaded: missing 2+ hydrogen atons. It
double-band of carbon atans.
Phospholipids cell
Marces up & membanes (?)
Water-soluble, plosplase lead
Non-water soluble, Non-polao, fatty acid tail
Steroids
4 fused rings
made from cholesterol
Not fatty acids, but insoluble in water
Polar
Cootico steroids
Sex steroids Progesterones, Androgens, Estrogens.
Bile salts / Bile acid
Sterols
DO
Proteins are composed of Amino acidsCentral carbon bonded to hydrogen atoms
anino group
carboxyl group
side chain or R group
20 different amino acids
loads of different fuctions! Functions determined by
Support defense
Shape!
metabolism regulation
transport
Motion
Amino acids form peptides.
Peptides - 2+ amino acids linked covalently.
peptide hand - foam by dehydration of two amino acid monomers
Polypeptides - chain of peptides
sequence of amino acids determines fional structure.
Nucleic Acids
DNA +RNA
DNA
RNA
A4A - adenine -A
G- guanine - G
c- cytosine -C
DNA- Stores genetic info
RNA- Helps Malle proteins
T-Thymine
U-vracl
No class Monday / No Lab wednesday!
DO
Ch.
3- Organic Molecules (can't)
Peptide- at amino acids linked covalently
Peptide Band- formed by dehydration Reaction between
two anino acid mononers.
Polypeptide - big chain of linked, peptide-bonded anire
acids.
The Andro acid sequence does determine the final 3-D
Shape of the protein.
Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid-ONA - Stoces genetic information
Ribonucleic acid - RNA- helps make proteins
The nucleotide is the moroner to the necleic acid polymer.
All nucleotides contain three parts, whether they are in
RNA OSONA. These parts are:
1) a phosphate
basco
2) a 5- Carboul sugar
3.) Nitrogen containing base
5 Types of Bases
nitrogen
Cortatis
ONA
A - adenine WA
A
Nucleotide
G-guanine - G
P
C-cytosine -C
T-Thymine U-Uracil
Phosphate Sugar
OXO
The structure of DNADeoxyribose, is the sugar
k Double helix
Base parkings considered complementary
AA-T Genetic info stored
C-G
in sequence of pases.
N
0
H-N
N-*...
N
'N-H....
A
Guanine (6) H
Cytasiune (6)
N
GHz
N-4
6
N. ---N
N
Hydrogen
Bond
1 Adenine (A)
DNA siructure
W/ Base pairs
Thymine (1)
GwithatAwith T
RNA BasesRibose is the sugas, single stranded.
Replaces Thymine (T) wol vracil (U).
OSO
0
NH
0
Phosphat
U
so
2
A
7
Unacil (U)
RNA ONLY!
Backbone
Comparing Proteins & Nucleic AcidsThe base sequence of DNA determines the protein's
amino acid sequence, which determines the protein's
final Structure & function,
VERY Small changes in the DNA can cause very
LARGE changes in a protein.
DA