TERM 3 HISTORY GRADE 4
LAND TRANSPORT
WORD BOX
transport: To move an object or person from one place to another.
tame: To train a wild animal to listen to instructions from people.
cart: Carts have 2 wheels and are pulled by horses or donkeys. They are used to
carry light loads.
wagon: Wagons have 4 wheels and are pulled by bulls or oxen. They are used to
carry heavy loads.
coach: Coaches are used to transport people and mail. They are pulled by 2-6
horses.
Industrial Revolution: A time in history when people began to build many factories
and move from small villages to live near these factories.
locomotive: Another word for a railway train.
advantage: What is “good / positive” about something.
disadvantage: What is “bad / negative “about something.
cargo: Goods transported by sea, air or road.
Early types of land transport
•
Walking
•
Using animals (camels, donkeys, horses, dogs such as the husky, bulls, oxen, elephants)
•
Pulling a sled
The invention of the wheel
Invented in ancient Sumer (Iraq) over 5000 years ago. The cart was the first to use the wheel.
The wheel made it easier and quicker to transport people and cargo.
CARTS
WAGONS
COACHES
Pulled by:
A donkey or a horse
Bulls or oxen
Horses
Used for:
Light loads
Heavy loads
People and mail
Number of wheels:
2
4
4
The bicycle
Running machine
Penny Farthing
Safety bicycle
Modern Bicycle
Germany 1817
Unsafe to ride. Had
Many people could
a big front wheel
and a small back
wheel
afford them.
Expensive and
used for
recreation (fun
Invented by Baron
Karl von Drais.
Early bicycles were
called bone shakers
Safer, same size
wheels, easier to
control and steer.
and sport) as well
as for transport.
Section A: Answer activity 2 from page 125 of the Day by Day textbook as well as activity
3 from page 127.
Section B: Write a paragraph of 5 sentences to explain how the cart, the wagon and the
coach are different from each other. Use the following as a guide to help you write your
paragraph. (Write down some key words in the blocks below.)
HOW TO WRITE A PARAGRAPH IN HISTORY.
A paragraph is a group of sentences that develop a main idea. The main idea is usually expressed in a
topic sentence. The rest of the sentences in a paragraph contain supporting details. The concluding
sentence usually ties in with the topic sentence to finish the paragraph.
P
Make your
point.
(Introduce
the topic you
are about to
discuss.)
Write key
words to help
you form a
good sentence.
Topic
sentence
E
Support your
point with
evidence or
examples.
E
Explain how the
evidence
supports your
point.
Supporting Sentences
L
Link this point
to the next
point in the
following
paragraph or
back to the
main idea
Concluding
sentence
The Steam Engine, Locomotive and Motor Car
Read core notes from Day by Day textbook page 130 – 133
Section C: Case study
Read the case study below and answer the following questions in your book.
3.1 Write a label for each number shown in the picture.
3.2 Explain why the bicycle rider wearing a mask.
3.3 Discuss, in a full sentence, how the people of Beijing could solve the problem of exhaust fumes
in their city.
3.4 Besides causing no pollution, the bicycle has many advantages. Justify why more people
should use this form of transport. Write down 2 reasons.
3.5 Name 2 types of vehicles that give off pollution in a big city.
3.6 Look up the meaning of environmental damage and write it down.
3.7 Besides air pollution, what other type of pollution is caused by vehicles in a big city?
3.8 Rewrite this sentence in your book and fill in the missing words.
Beijing is a _____________in the county of ________________ which is on the continent of
______________________
Extension Create a poster on any early bicycle. Use a blank piece of paper and paste it in
your book when you are done. Include important facts and a picture to match.