Part One:
Table 1: 10th-grade math scale score
Descriptive Statistics
N
10th gr math scale scale
Minimum
585
Maximum
200
300
Mean
246.02
Std. Deviation
17.107
score
Valid N (listwise)
585
Table 2: 10th-grade reading scale score
Descriptive Statistics
N
10th gr reading scale scale
Minimum
585
200
Maximum
300
Mean
249.12
Std. Deviation
13.963
score
Valid N (listwise)
585
Summary: Table 1 provides descriptive statistics for total students’ (N) 10th-grade math scale
scores. The average mean score for the 585 students is 246.02 with a standard deviation of
17.107 for the 10th-grade math scale scores. Table 2 provides descriptive statistics for total
students’ (N) 10th-grade reading scale scores. The average mean score for the 585 students is
249.12 and a standard deviation of 13.963 for the 10th-grade reading scale score. The results
indicated that 10th-grade students scored higher in reading than math. 10th-grade students also
scored more consistently on the reading scale score as demonstrated by a lower standard
deviation score of 13.963 meaning the range of scales scores only varied by 13.9653 points
above or below the mean reading standard score of 249.12. The difference of 3.1 between mean
math scaled scores and reading scaled scores is less than 5 and therefore is not a significant
difference between reading and math scores for 10th-grade students.
Part Two:
Table 1: Female and male comparison by 8th-grade national math exam score
Descriptive Statistics
Gender
Female
N
8th gr national math exam
Minimum
300
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
1
9
5.77
1.822
2
9
5.94
1.521
score
Male
Valid N (listwise)
300
8th gr national math exam
285
score
Valid N (listwise)
285
Table 2: Female and male comparison by 10th-grade math scale score
Descriptive Statistics
Gender
Female
N
10th gr math scale scale
Minimum
300
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
200
300
245.86
17.675
200
300
246.18
16.517
score
Male
Valid N (listwise)
300
10th gr math scale scale
285
score
Valid N (listwise)
285
Table 3: Female and male comparison by 10th-grade reading scale score
Descriptive Statistics
Gender
Female
N
10th gr reading scale scale
Minimum
300
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
204
300
250.26
14.408
200
281
247.93
13.399
score
Male
Valid N (listwise)
300
10th gr reading scale scale
285
score
Valid N (listwise)
285
Table 4: Female and male comparison by letter grade
Descriptive Statistics
Gender
N
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
Female
Male
lettergrade
300
Valid N (listwise)
300
lettergrade
285
Valid N (listwise)
285
1.00
4.00
3.1600
.75030
1.00
4.00
3.1509
.80165
Summary: Table 1 provides a comparison of female and male 8th-grade students’ scores on the
national math exam. 8th-grade male students had a slightly higher mean score than female
students on the national math exam with a slightly lower variance of scores along the mean.
Table 2 provides a comparison of female and male 10th-grade students’ math scaled scores. 10thgrade male students had a slightly higher mean score than female students on the math scale
score with a slightly lower variance of scores along the mean. Table 3 provides a comparison of
female and male 10th-grade students’ reading scaled scores. In the area of reading, females
scored slightly higher than males; however, males had a slightly lower deviation of scores in
relation to the mean. Table 4 provides a comparison of female and male letter grade scores. On
average, females had a slightly higher letter grade than males along with a lower variance of
scores along the mean. While male students consistently showed higher average mean scores in
math demonstrated by the 8th-grade national math exam scores and 10th-grade math scaled
scores. Female students showed slightly higher average mean scores in reading and letter grade
when compared to male students.
Part Three:
Table 1: 8th-grade math class enrollment by 8th-grade national math exam score
Descriptive Statistics
8th-grade math class enrollment
Algebra
N
8th gr national math exam
Minimum
135
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
4
9
7.25
1.214
1
9
5.43
1.574
score
General Math
Valid N (listwise)
135
8th gr national math exam
450
score
Valid N (listwise)
450
Table 2: 8th-grade math class enrollment by 10th-grade math scale score
Descriptive Statistics
8th grade math class enrollment
N
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
Algebra
10th gr math scale scale
135
224
300
261.87
14.480
200
300
241.26
14.825
score
General Math
Valid N (listwise)
135
10th gr math scale scale
450
score
Valid N (listwise)
450
Table 3: 8th-grade math class enrollment by 10th-grade reading scale score
Descriptive Statistics
8th grade math class enrollment
Algebra
N
10th gr reading scale scale
Minimum
135
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
228
300
260.90
12.034
200
280
245.59
12.495
score
General Math
Valid N (listwise)
135
10th gr reading scale scale
450
score
Valid N (listwise)
450
Table 4: 8th-grade math class enrollment by letter grade
Descriptive Statistics
8th grade math class enrollment
Algebra
General Math
N
Minimum
lettergrade
135
Valid N (listwise)
135
lettergrade
450
Valid N (listwise)
450
Maximum
Mean
Std. Deviation
2.00
4.00
3.7852
.42995
1.00
4.00
2.9667
.75582
Summary: Table 1 provides a comparison of 8th-grade math class enrollment and 8th-grade
national math exam scores. 8th grade math students enrolled in algebra had a high average mean
score on the 8th-grade national math exam than students enrolled in general math. Students
enrolled in algebra also had a slightly lower variance of scores along the mean. Table 2 provides
a comparison 8th-grade math class enrollment and 10th-grade math scaled scores. Students
enrolled in algebra had an average mean score 20 points higher for the 10th-grade math scaled
score compared to students enrolled in general math for 8th-grade. Additionally, students enrolled
in algebra had a slightly lower variance of scores along the mean. Table 3 provides a comparison
of 8th-grade math class enrollment and 10th-grade reading scaled scores. Students enrolled in
algebra had an average more score 15 points higher for the 10th-grade reading scaled scores
compared to students enrolled in general math for 8th-grade. Table 4 provides a comparison of
8th-grade math class enrollment and letter grade scores. On average, students enrolled in algebra
in 8th grade had a higher mean letter grade (3.7852) compared to students enrolled in a general
math class in 8th grade (2.9667). They also had a lower variance of letter grade scores along the
mean. In conclusion, students enrolled in algebra in the 8th grade consistently showed higher
average mean scores on all areas measured which included 8th-grade national math exam scores,
10th-grade math scale scores, 10th-grade reading scaled scores and letter grades.
Part Four and Five:
Table 1: Bivariate correlations of 10th-grade math scale score and 10th-grade reading scale
score
Correlations
10th gr math scale scale
Pearson Correlation
score
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
10th gr math
10th gr reading
scale scale
scale scale
score
score
1
.534**
.000
585
585
.534**
1
10th gr reading scale scale
Pearson Correlation
score
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
585
585
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Summary: Correlation of 10th-grade math scale score with itself (r=1), and the number of nonmissing students for math scale (n=585). Correlation of 10th-grade math scale score and 10thgrade reading scale score (r=0.534), based on n=585 students with pairwise non-missing values.
Correlation of 10th-grade reading scale score with itself (r=1), and the number of non-missing
students reading scale score (n=585). The Pearson correlation coefficient for 10th-grade math
scale score and 10th-grade reading scale score is 0.534, which is significant (p<.001 for a twotailed test), based on 585 students. Therefore, there is a linear, positive sloping relationship
between 10th-grade math and reading scale scores. Meaning, students who demonstrate high
scores on the 10th-grade math scale score are also likely to demonstrate high scores on the 10thgrade reading scale score.
Table 2: Bivariate correlations of cumulative GPA and 10th-grade reading scale score
Correlations
10th gr reading
scale scale
Cumulative GPA
Cumulative GPA
Pearson Correlation
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
score
.551**
.000
585
585
.551**
1
10th gr reading scale scale
Pearson Correlation
score
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
585
585
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Graph 1: Bivariate correlations of cumulative GPA and 10th-grade reading scale score
Summary: Correlation of cumulative GPA with itself (r=1), and the number of non-missing
students for cumulative GPA (n=585). Correlation of cumulative GPA and 10th-grade reading
scale score (r=0.551), based on n=585 students with pairwise non-missing values. Correlation of
10th-grade reading scale score with itself (r=1), and the number of non-missing students for
reading scale score (n=585). The Pearson correlation coefficient for cumulative GPA and 10thgrade reading scale score is 0.551, which is significant (p<.001 for a two-tailed test), based on
585 students. Graph 1 depicts a linear, positive sloping relationship between students’
cumulative GPA and reading scale score. Meaning, students who have a higher cumulative GPA
are more likely to score higher on the 10th-grade reading scale score.
Table 3: Bivariate correlations of cumulative GPA and 10th-grade math scale score
Correlations
10th gr math
scale scale
Cumulative GPA
Cumulative GPA
Pearson Correlation
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
N
score
.622**
.000
585
585
.622**
1
10th gr math scale scale
Pearson Correlation
score
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
585
585
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Graph 2: Bivariate correlations of cumulative GPA and 10th-grade math
scale score
Summary: Correlation of cumulative GPA with itself (r=1), and the number of non-missing
students for cumulative GPA (n=585). Correlation of cumulative GPA and 10th-grade math scale
score (r=0.622), based on n=585 students with pairwise non-missing values. Correlation of 10thgrade math scale score with itself (r=1), and the number of non-missing students for math scale
score (n=585). The Pearson correlation coefficient for cumulative GPA and 10th-grade math
scale score is 0.622, which is significant (p<.001 for a two-tailed test), based on 585 students.
Graph 2 depicts a linear, positive sloping relationship between a students’ cumulative GPA and
10th-grade math scale score. Meaning, students who have a higher cumulative GPA are more
likely to score higher on the 10th-grade math scale score.