Harvard Referencing Style
Citing in-text & the REFERENCE LIST
• All sources are cited in-text by referring to the surname of
the author and the year of publication and page number.
• This is done whenever you directly or indirectly refer to
their work/words.
• It is done at the point in the text of our assignment, that is
why it is called “in-text citation”.
• Each “in-text citation” has a corresponding entry in the
REFERENCE LIST.
 Note: You need only enter the REFERENCE LIST entry once,
even if you reference this source at numerous times in your text.
• The “in-text citation” is the short version, which links the
reader to the full source details in the REFERENCE LIST.
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Here are what the in-text citations
typically look like
When referencing in-text the following rules should be adhered to.
• If the source has only One author, the following applies:
 (Author, date:page)
• e.g
• (Ferreira, 2016:2)
•
Two authors
 (Ferreira & Perks, 2016:20)
•
Three and more authors
 First time citing authors
 (Ferreira, Perks & Oosthuizen, 2015:80)
 Thereafter
 (Ferreira et al., 2015:83)
Please note et al. is in italics
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Examples of In-text citations
Below the student wanted to use the authors surname as part of his text so it
will look as follows:
Ferreira (2016:1) stated South Africa experienced an increase in violent crime
in 2015
• OR, below the student wanted to just state the author not using their name
in their sentence.:
In 2015, South Africa experienced an increase in violent crime (Ferreira,
2016:1).
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• So we now have seen how the “in-text citation” looks
and is usedn namely as part of your text/writing.
• Next we will look at how they are accompanied by their
detailed entry in the REFERENCE LIST.
• Note: Students need to realise that the “in-text citation”
and its accompanying REFERENCE LIST entry work
together.
• In-text citation is the “short hand” that points the reader
to the more detailed REFERENCE LIST entry.
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Textbooks entries in the REFERENCE
LIST
• When citing books, it should be indicated as follows in the Reference List:
Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Title of book. Place of publication:
Publisher name.
E.g.
Perks, S. 2015. The value of internet marketing. Cape Town: Van Schaik.
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Websites entries in the REFERENCE
LIST
•
In the case of articles found on the web where the name of the author is available, the
entry in the Reference List is as follows:
Author surname, Initials. Year. Title of article, [Online]. Available: give full web address.
[Access date].
e.g.
Ferreira, D. 2016. How political climate influences the growth of tourism. [Online]. Available:
http://www.suntimes.co.za/article.aspx?ID=297072. [Accessed: 10 December 2016].
Notice that the URL address (the http:// above is not left as a hyperlink)
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News paper entries in the
REFERENCE LIST
•
In the case of newspaper articles or magazine articles found on the web where
there is no author indicated, the entry in the Reference List is as follows: :
Name of article. Year. Newspaper title, journal title or name of website, date of
publication. [Online]. Available: give full web address. [Access date].
e.g.
Forbes. 2016. Five challenges for tomorrow's global marketing leaders. [Online].
Available: http://www.forbes.com/sites/onmarketing/2012/08/21/fivechallenges-for-tomorrows-global-marketing-leaders-study/#5afa802212d7
[Accessed: 10 December 2016].
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Journal Article entries in the
REFERENCE LIST
• When citing journal articles, it should be indicated as follows in the
Reference List:
Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Article title. Name of Journal, Vol
(Issue): pages.
E.g.
Ferreira, D., Perks, S. & Oosthuizen, N. 2016. Travellers’ perspectives of
travel constraints and travel booking channel preferences. African
Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(4): 1-23.
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Example of a REFERENCE LIST
REFERENCE LIST
Casas-Arce, P., Martinez-Jerez, F.de A. & Narayanan, V.G. 2016. The impact of forward-looking metrics on
employee decision-making: The case of customer lifetime value. [Online]. Available:
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2785561 [Accessed: 12 October 2016].
Ekinci, Y., Uray, N. & Ülengin, F. 2014. A customer lifetime value model for the banking industry: A guide to
marketing actions. European Journal of Marketing, 48(3/4):761-784.
Kahreh, M.S., Tive, M., Babania, A. & Hesan, M. 2014. Analyzing the applications of customer lifetime value (CLV)
based on benefit segmentation for the banking sector. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109:590-594.
Pansari, A. & Kumar, V. 2016, 25 – 28 June. Modeling customer lifetime value of a fashion retailer customer, in
Proceedings of the Global Fashion Management Conference: Renaissance of Marketing and Management in
Fashion. Florence, Italy. 573-573.
Zhang, H., Liang, X. & Wang, S. 2016. Customer value anticipation, product innovativeness, and customer lifetime
value: The moderating role of advertising strategy. Journal of Business Research, 69(9): 3725-3730.
Notice they are in alphabetical order according to the author’s surname.
Notice the correct indent and spacing.
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Journal Article Example
• Title – The influence of technological development on
the marketing environment
• Authors – Perks, S. Ferreira, D., Zeka, B.
• Journal – Journal of Modern Marketing
• Year - 2015
• Volume – 10
• Issue – 5
• Pg – 10 – 15
• The above details came from the journal article’s front
cover…see the next slide.
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Text books
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When looking for
the details of a
textbook to use in
making the
REFERENCE LIST
entry this can be
found in the first
few pages of the
textbook. Here is
and example of
such a page in a
textbook.
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www.mandela.ac.za