Category Muscle Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Superficial Gluteal Muscles Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Latae Gluteal Region (Lateral) Piriformis Deep Gluteal Muscles Action Powerful extensor of the hip Abduct the hip and reduce pelvic drop during walking. In addition, anterior fibres of gluteus medius medially rotate the hip Tense iliotibial tract/assist abduction. In addition to Hip flexion Laterally rotates the hip Gemellus Inferior Outer margin of iliac crest Anterior Sacrum Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones Obturator Internus Gemellus Superior Origin External surface of the ilium, lower sacral and lateral coccyx External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines Laterally rotates the hip and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Insertion Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur Anterior aspect of iliotibial tract which runs down the lateral thigh to attach to the upper tibia Passes through greater sciatic foramen and inserts on the greater trochanter of femur Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur Innervation Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1, S2) Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4, L5, S1) Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4, L5, S1) Sacral Nerve (S1, S2) Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1) Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1) [Same nerve supply as Obturator Internus] Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L5, S1) [Same nerve supply as Quadratus Femoris] Anterior Compartment of the Thigh Quadratus femoris Laterally rotates the hip and steadies femoral head in acetabulum Lateral border of ischial tuberosity Sartorius [Tailor’s muscle; elegant pose] Flexes hip and knee and assists in lateral rotation and abduction. Flexes the thigh at the hip joint Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Iliopsoas [Merging of Iliacus and Psoas Major] Psoas Major Hip Flexion Psoas Minor Lumbar Vertebra (T12L1) Iliacus Iliac Fossa Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and help iliopsoas flex thigh. Vastus Intermedius Posterior Compartment of the Thigh Long Head Biceps Femoris Short Head Flexes the leg at the knee joint. The long head extends and laterally rotates the hip. When the knee is flexed, It can laterally Straight head from anterior inferior iliac spine, reflected head from ilium Lateral shaft of femur Medial shaft of the femur Anterior and lateral shft of femur Ischial tuberosity Lateral lip of the linea aspera on the shaft of the femur Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L5, S1) Femoral Nerve (L2, L3, L4) Lesser trochanter of the femur Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3) Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3) Femoral Nerve (L2, L3, L4) Quadriceps tendon and distil (lateral or medial) patella Femoral Nerve (L2, L3 ,L4) Lumbar Vertebra (T12L5) Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it Anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia. Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia The long and short head join together to form a tendon that inserts into the lateral surface of the head of fibula Tibial division of sciatic nerve ( 5, S1, S2) Common fibular (Peroneal) nerve; rotate the leg at the knee joint Gracilis Adducts and flexes the thigh Body and inferior ramus of pubis Medial surface of the proximal tibia Medial and posterior surfaces of the medial tibial condyle. Expansions of the tendon also insert into the ligament and fascia around the knee joint Superior medial surface of tibia Adductor Longus Adducts the thigh Body of pubis Middle third of linea aspera Adductor Brevis Adducts the thigh Body and inferior ramus of pubis Pectineal line and upper one third of linea aspera Obturator Externus Lateral rotation of the thigh. Stabilises head of femur in the acetabulum Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane Trochanteric fossa Obturator nerve (L2L4) Obturator Nerve (L2L4) Semitendinousus Semimembraneous Medial Compartment of the Thigh (Pull the thigh medically, stabilises stance and kicking with the medical side of the foot [Football Fans]) division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) Flexes the leg at the knee joint, extends the thigh, when the knee if flexed it medially rotates the leg at the knee joint Ischial tuberosity Ischial tuberosity Adductor Portion Adducts thigh Ischiopubic ramus Posterior surface of proximal femour, linea aspera and medial supracondylar line Hamstring Portion Extends and adducts the thigh Ischial tuberosity Adductor tubercle Flexes the Hip Joint. Adduct and flexes the thigh and assists with medial rotation of the thigh. Pectineal line and adjacent bone of pelvis Base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur Adductor Magnus Pectineus Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2) Obturator Nerve (L2L4) Obturator Nerve (L2L4) Obturator Nerve (L2L4) Tibial Nerve [Branch of Sciatic Nerve] (L4S3) Femoral Nerve (L2, L3, L4) and may receive a branch from obturator nerve Lateral Compartment of the Leg Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Eversion of the foot and weakly plantarflex ankle Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Lower two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula Tibialis Anterior Lateral Condyle of the Tibia; upper two thirds of lateral surface of tibia adjacent to the interosseous membrane Extensor Digitorum Longus Inversion of the Ankle Dorsiflexors of the foot Dorsiflexors Anterior Compartment of the Leg Posterior Compartment of the Leg Upper lateral fibula Extensor Hallucis Longus Dorsiflexors Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Dorsiflexors Gastrocnemius Plantarflexes ankle, raise heel during walking, assist in knee flexion Upper one half of the medial surface of the fibula Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane Medial surface of the fibula immediately below the original of EDL (Extensor Digitorum Longus); two muscles are often connected Medial head: medial distal femur Lateral head: lateral distal femur Tendon passes posterior to the lateral malleolus under the sole of the foot to insert in the medial cuniform Tendon passes posterior to the lateral malleolus to insert on the 5th metatarsal Tendon descends medially to insert into the medial cuneiform Tendon descends to the foot where it divides into four tendons and insert into the bases of the middle and distil phalanges of the lateral four digits Tendon descends into the foot and inserts in the upper surface of the base of the big toe Tendon descends into the foot with Extensor Digitorum Longus, then deviates laterally to insert into the base of the 5th metatarsal Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Superficial Fibular Nerve (Superficial Peroneal Nerve) Superficial Fibular Nerve (Superficial Peroneal Nerve) Deep Fibular Nerve (Deep Peroneal Nerve) (L4, L5) Deep Fibular Nerve (Deep Peroneal Nerve) (L5, S1) Deep Fibular Nerve (Deep Peroneal Nerve) (L5, S1) Deep Fibular Nerve (Deep Peroneal Nerve) (L5, S1) Tibial Nerve (S1, S2) (Superficial Compartment) Plantaris Soleus Inferior end of the lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament Medial boarder of tibia, posterior fibular head, neck and proximal shaft Posterior surface of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula Tibilas Posterior (Tom) Inversion of the Ankle and plantarflexors of the foot Flexor Digitorum Longus (Dick) Flexes the lateral four toes, assist in plantarflexion of ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot Medial surface of posterior tibia Flexor Hallicus Longus (Harry) Flexes the big toe, assists in plantarflexion of the ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot Posterior surface of fibula Posterior Compartment of the Leg (Deep Compartment) Popliteus Tendon passes posterior to the medial malleolus to insert in the navicular and medial cuneiform Tendon passes posterior to the medial malleolus and then enters the sole of the foot, divides into four tendons which insert into the bases of the distil phalanges II-V Tendons passes posterior to the medial malleolus and continues into the sole of the foot to insert into the base of proximal phalanx of the big toe Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating Lateral surface of lateral Posterior surface of tibia, femur 5o on fixed tibia; condyle of the femur superior to solieal line medially rotates tibia of and lateral meniscus unplanted limb Module 4: Fundamentals of BioMedicine 2 (FUN2) - Lower Limb Tibial Nerve (Branch of Sciatic Nerve) (L4, L5) Tibial Nerve (Branch of Sciatic Nerve) (S2, S3) Tibial Nerve (Branch of Sciatic Nerve) (S2, S3) Tibial Nerve (L4, L5, S1)
