DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A ROBUST PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS Presented by; Mubangizi Felex (17/U/574) & Nuwagirabyona Stuart (17/U/954) BSc. Electrical Engineering Main supervisor: Mr. Oketch Innocent Co-supervisor: Dr. Mugwanya Patrick PRESENTATION SUMMARY Introduction Project background Problem statement Significance Objectives Methodology Project Scope Estimated budget Expected results References INTRODUCTION • Distribution transformers are used to step down voltages to the suitable values required by consumers. Distribution transformers are classified into two that is primary and secondary distribution transformers depending on their ratings. • Distribution transformers’ performance determines the overall efficiency of the power system and they are among the most expensive and critical units in the system. INTRODUCTION continued… • There are over 12,000 distribution transformers on the network managed by UMEME which is a Uganda’s current local utility power company. • Replacing a single 50kVA distribution transformer costs the utility company US$12,000. PROJECT BACKGROUND Currently, distribution transformers are being protected by use of ; Surge arrestors and fuses for line surges. Peak load analysis scheme to determine transformer load conditions. On-site oil level checking done manually by technicians Oil Natural Air Natural for cooling. PROBLEM STATEMENT • There is no remote monitoring system available to constantly monitor the distribution transformer parameters like over current, over voltages, temperature. • To evaluate effectiveness and healthiness of these protection devices and equipment being protected. • Reliability of both delivered power and protection scheme is compromised. PROBLEM STATEMENT continued…. Instead, current monitoring requires human intervention to periodically visit a distribution transformer site which limits the detection of ; False working of surge arresters Overloading and load imbalance Over heating Other human intervention challenges include; Delayed/Late recognition of fault No record of the fault occurrence Of which all these has led to reduction in transformer life span, length power outages and high costs of maintenance and replacement incase of a fault. SIGNIFICANCE The mentioned challenges and consequences create a need for a Robust protection system that; can continuously monitors transformer parameters to assess health of protection scheme in place and intelligently isolates the transformer when any protection mechanism is no longer effective. sends notification to the utility about abnormality occurrence in the transformer. auto reclosing after fault clearance. SIGNIFICANCE continued….. Robust protection system will be of importance; To end-users: o Ensures reliable power To the utility company like UMEME: • • Minimizes maintenance and replacement costs. Eases decision-making to resize the transformer and/or redistribute loads in phases PROJECT OBJECTIVES Main objective To design and test a robust protection system for the distribution transformer. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To study the probability of occurrence of various types of faults and existing methods of distribution transformer protections and their challenges. To design and simulate circuit for robust protection system of a distribution transformer. To build and implement the prototype of the designed circuit. To test and implement a fully robust protection system for the distribution transformer. PROJECT SCOPE Presentation of project idea and drafting a concept paper System Requirements Engineering System Design and Specification System development and implementation Simulating and Testing the model Report Writing and Project Presentations METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY continued… EXPECTED OUTPUT o Remote and user friendly monitoring system of a distribution transformer. o Reliable power to consumers o Low maintenance costs (transport costs and labor) o Increase in distribution transformer life span o Rural electrification through savings obtained. PROJECT TIMELINE ESTIMATED BUDGET FOR THE PROJECT ITEM QUANTITY UNIT PRICE (UGSHs) TOTAL(UGSHs) Bulb 3 15,000 15,000 Arduino Board 1 100,000 100,000 Jumper wires 20 500 10,000 Bread boards 2 18000 18,000 9V Battery 1 28,000 28,000 CT Transformer 2 60,000 120,000 Relay modules 2 5000 10,000 Load sensor 1 10,000 10,000 ESTIMATED BUDGET continued… GSM Module 1 12000 12,000 LCD Display 1 18,000 18,000 Sim Card 2 5000 10,000 Thermistor 1 5000 5,000 Current sensor 1 12,000 12,000 Rectifier 1 5000 5,000 Ultrasonic sensor 1 16,000 16,000 Transformer module 1 60,000 60,000 1 Total UGSHs454,000/= REFERENCES 1. A.N. A. A. F. N. Julius Businge, "UMEME POWER transforming Uganda," UMEME Web book, p. 148, 2018. 2. E. R. A. (. Uganda, "Study on Distribution System Losses and Collection Rates by UMEME lltd," Parsons Brinckerhoff Africa (PTY) Ltd., 2016. 3. M. A. E. Nantaba, "High costs as transformer goes up in flames," INDEPENDENT, Kampala, 2014. 4. Y.-L. KE, "Pow-er Distribution System Switching Operation," RESEARCH GATE, vol. 01, p. 1, 2013. 5. IEEE, "CAUSES OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERSFAILURES IN UGANDA," 2018. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8535655. [Accessed March 2021]. REFERENCES continued… 6. D.DAS, ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, West Bengal: New Age International (P) LTD, publishers, 2006. 7. T. Patel, "Electronic Design," 26 JAN 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-management/article/21800530/select-theright-varistors-for-overvoltage-circuit-protection. [Accessed 17 FEB 2021]. 8. B. B. a. S. M. B. Jennipher A, "Monitoring and protection of Distribution Transformer using GSM Module," International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, vol. VOLIUME 4, no. Issue 1, p. 5, 2018. PEOPLE CONSULTED 1. Mr. Musolo Steven UMEME Technician at Makerere-Kavule , Bombo Road. Tel. 0778188485 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING ANY QUESTION?
