PTW Course 340 SARB - ZirkuAI
Presented by: Hussain Al Zarooni
SARB – Zirku HSE Engineer
Contents
Introduction
Roles & Responsibilities
Types of Permits
Distribution of The Permits/ Permit Layout
Gas Testing
Workshop Operation
Routine Work Not Required Work Permit
Validity of Permits
Work Permit Process
Isolation
Work At Night
Training & Auditing
Conclusion
2
Introduction
 Legislation
 In the Law No. 8 the year 1978 on “Conservation of Petroleum Resources” Chapter
V, Article -91 and the Ministerial Order No. 32 for year 1982 “Protection of
Employees Against Occupational Hazards” Article -1, the following is stated:
 “Every employer must provide adequate protection methods
to protect the employees from the danger of injuries and
vocational disease that may occur during work as well as
from the danger of fire and from hazards that may occur
because of employment of machines and other tools.
Moreover, it must apply any other preventive methods as
approved by the Ministry of Labor & Social Affairs.”
3
Introduction
 PTW System
 ADMA OPCO’s Permit To Work System is a major control for safe operations in
their oil and gas businesses. It ensures that written permission and authorization is
given to carry out the defined work which is potentially hazardous and that all
possible measures are taken to maintain the safety of personnel; equipment and
minimize impact upon the environment in all areas of our operation.
 Purpose
 Provide maximum safety to personnel, plant and the
environment.
 Provide good coordination between operations, projects and
maintenance work.
 Complies with Legislative requirements (Law no. 8 of year
1978 and ministerial orders no. 32 for the year 1982).
4
Introduction
 PTW Serves the following functions (Objectives):
 Give written permission for work to be done.
 Prescribe the nature, location and extent of work.
 Identify the potential hazards of the job permitted.
 Prescribe the conditions and safety precautions to be
taken by the IA and PA such as isolation and gas tests,
that must to be observed.
 Enable number of jobs to be carried out safely in close
proximity.
5
Introduction
 PTW Serves the following functions (Objectives):
 Ensure the site is safe prior commencing work.
 Ensure that jobs are completed safely and the work area/plant
is safely handed over to the IA on completion of work.
 Records the places in which men other than process personnel
are, for specified period of time, allowed to work.
 Brings to the attention of all parties steps that have been taken
and must be maintained to make the area/plant safe for work
to be carried out.
 Details any remaining hazards and precautions to be taken.
6
Introduction
 Scope
 The PTW System shall be used throughout all ADNOC Offshore sites where
hydrocarbons and chemicals are either processed; stored; loaded or handled, and in
all other restricted areas as well as in municipal areas on Zirku Island.
 Policy of Hot Work
 The policy of ADMA OPCO is to AVOID hot work of the
naked flame type in hazardous areas wherever practicable.
 If it is deemed necessary by the Asset Management, the
scope of hot work shall be of limited nature, based on risk
assessment and specialized safety procedures.
7
Roles & Responsibilities
Area Authority
(SARB Opr. Manager )
Operating Authority
(Team Leader)
Central Control Room
Panel Operator
Standby Firemen For
Hot Work
Issuing Authority
(Line Supervisor)
HSE Engineer
Performing Authority
Authorized Person
Competent Person
8
Roles & Responsibilities
 Area Authority (SARB operation Manager )
SOM
An Authority who is overall accountable for the safe operation of the facility and execution
of the Work/Activities within the Area under their jurisdiction in line with Company
Policies/Procedures; HSEQ Regulations and ADNOC Codes of Practices.
Site Authority for all Process Plants, Storage Areas, Utilities, Harbour, Jetties, Tanker
Berths; Sub-stations and some Areas in the Municipality in ADNOC Offshore Area of
Authority.
Responsible for the overall implementation/operation of the Permit to Work System.
Responsible for the formal appointment of suitably competent Operating Authorities, Issuing
Authorities; Isolating Confirmation Authorities, Authorized Gas Testers and Performing
Authorities.
9
Roles & Responsibilities

Area Authority (Manager Corporate Services)
MCS
An Authority who is overall accountable for the safe operation of the facility and execution
of the Work/Activities within the Area under their jurisdiction in line with Company
Policies/Procedures; HSE&QA Regulations and ADNOC Codes of Practices.
Site Authority Service Buildings the Municipal Areas: Accommodation & Offices.
Responsible for the overall implementation/operation of the Permit to Work System.
Responsible for the formal appointment of suitably competent Operating Authorities, Issuing
Authorities and Performing Authorities. .
10
Roles & Responsibilities
 Operating Authority (Team / Section Leader)
OA
A Competent Authority who is accountable to operate safely and ensure the availability of
the Facilities for any specific Work/Activities that are executed in the Area under their
jurisdiction.
Grant permission for work to be undertaken by delegating authority for the issue of Permits to
Competent Persons.
 Competent in process isolation and de-isolation and responsible for the operation of the
Permit to Work System within the sphere of his control.
 Endorsement of the precautions specified on the Hot, Entry & Excavation Work Permits and
Isolation Confirmation Certificate.
 Prepares a list of routine work of low risk potential for which Formal Procedures are
requested.
Responsible for periodic auditing within his Area of Authority
Vet the Permit’s scope of work and its identified hazards.
11
Roles & Responsibilities
 Electrical Maintenance Section Leader
EMSL

Assume the role of Issuing Authority for the entire ADMA-OPCO Electrical Network
that comprises all Substations, Emergency Generators and their associated switchboards
and interconnecting cabling throughout ADMA-OPCO for the purpose of electrical Works
and Isolation.
Authorized to issue Work Permits for all works within these confines and also issue Electrical
Isolation Permits (Danger Notices) within his Area of Authority.
12
Roles & Responsibilities
 Issuing Authority (IA)
IA
A Certified Authority by HSE Section (SARB) to assess the risks and ensure the safe
availability of the Facilities for the Performing Authority to execute the Work/Activities
safely in line with Company Policies/Procedures; HSEQ Regulations and ADNOC Codes of
Practices within the Area(s) which are assigned and delegated by the Operating Authority.
The Issuing Authority (IA) is the Shift Supervisor in charge of a specified area or areas
certified by HSE Section (SARB).
 Responsible for identifying the hazards and specifying the precautions to be taken before,
during and after all work activities.
 Assess the work that is being conducted simultaneously within areas covered by
the Permit.
Responsible for accurate and updated cross-referencing between Work Permits; and
Isolation Confirmation Certificates including those affecting other areas.
13
Roles & Responsibilities
 Issuing Authority (IA) Cont…
Ensure that Site Inspections are undertaken before, during
and after the performance of each Task.
IA
Identification of tasks; hazards and precautions which may effect other
areas and inform the affected Operating Authorities of the proposed
activities.
 Ensures that adequate handovers take place at shift change , crew change or other change-out
of Operating Authorities, Performing Authorities and Isolating Authorities.
 Ensures that the Performing Authority is fully aware and understands all the relevant hazards;
precautions; Procedures and Regulations prior to endorsing the Work Permits.
 Maintains a display of all Permits and Certificates in his
Area of Authority.
Issues Permits to Performing Authorities
14
Roles & Responsibilities
 SARB Warehouse Section Leader
SWSL
 Assumes the role of the Operating Authority for all Areas within the jurisdiction of SARB
Stores.
Endorse Work Permits issued by the Process Supervisor for work on Tanks and Equipment,
which handle hydrocarbons or Chemicals within the SARB Stores Controlled Areas.
15
Roles & Responsibilities
 Performing Authority (PA)
PA
A Competent Authority who is accountable for the safe execution of any Work/Activities in
any Areas as authorized by the Operating Authority in line with Company
Policies/Procedures; HSEQ Regulations and ADNOC Codes of Practices.
This is the individual (Engineer, Supervisor, Foreman and Senior Technician) directly
in charge of the work.
 Receive the necessary training on the Work Permit System and on any other safety aspects
related to the job to be conducted in accordance with the company Training Standard;
Procedures and Guidelines.
Attends a refresher course every 2 years to ensure
competency and re-validation of Authorization.
Ensures compliance with all conditions and
precautions specified on the Work Permit.
16
Roles & Responsibilities
 Performing Authority (PA) Cont…
 Proficient in both written and spoken English.

PA
Briefs his Team on the conditions and precautions.
Ensures that no other activities are performed other than those Specified on the Work Permit.
 Informs the Issuing Authority of any event which might impact the safe performance of a
Task or on the precautions that have been undertaken.
 Ensures that adequate handover takes place at shift change, crew change or other changeout of Performing Authority.
 Upon completion of the Task/Work ensuring that the Team has been withdrawn and left
the work site in a safe and clean condition.
Expected to always be on site, but if he has to leave the work location he must designate
a Competent Person to supervise the work to be undertaken.
17
Roles & Responsibilities
 Isolation Confirmation Authority (ICA)
ICA
A Competent Person who has been trained and Authorised to
perform Mechanical Isolations. The Isolation Confirmation
Authority for process work is normally the Issuing Authority.
For mechanical and control work, the ICA will be nominated
by the respective Team Leaders (OA) in his Area of Authority.
The Isolation Confirmation Authority shall be responsible for:
Isolation and De-isolation in accordance with the
Operating Authorities request on the Isolation
Confirmation Certificate (ICC) (Appendix 8).
Immediately informing the Operating Authority of any
event which may impact the security of the isolations.
18
Roles & Responsibilities
 Central Control Room Panel Operator
 Responsible for informing SARB Emergency Service Control Room
(ESCR) of an inhibited fire and gas detection and protection system.
CCRPA
 Immediately inform the Issuing Authority of any event, which might
impact on the safe performance of a task, or on the associated
precautions.
 Ensure that a copy of all Live Work Permits are kept in the Central
Control Room.
19
Roles & Responsibilities
 Standby Firemen For Hot Work
 Monitor work areas and ensure precautionary measures are undertaken
as specified by the Issuing Authority on the Hot Work Permit.
SF
 Undertake any necessary response activities and he shall be equipped
with a VHF radio.
 Only Maintenance personnel trained and considered competent by the
Fire & Rescue Service will undertake Hot Work Standby when Firemen
are not available.
20
Roles & Responsibilities
 HSE Engineer
HSEE
HSE Engineer monitors and advises on the procedures and precautions
that should be implemented for Tasks to be undertaken safely.
While Work is in progress , he inspects the Site; Procedures and Equipment to ensure that a
safe system of work is being implemented and all precautions stipulated on the Permit are
being adhered to.
 Conducts Risk Assessments for any critical activities with other related Team Members.
 No formal endorsement/authorization role within the Permit to Work System.
 Monitors the implementation of the Permit to Work System.
21
Types of Permits
Cold Work Permit
Road Closure Permit
Hot Work Permit
Man Entry Permit
Road Movement of
Irregular Load/Equipment
Excavation Permit
Electrical Apparatus
Vehicle Entry Permit To
Restricted Areas
Isolation Confirmation
Certificates (ICC)
22
Types of Permits
 Cold Work Permit (Blue)
It is required for any work, including the breaking of hydrocarbon
containment, which neither involves the use of a local source of
ignition nor produces or exposes an electrical ignition source.
Can be extended on daily basis, provided that work can
continue safely within the original specified terms and conditions,
and other adjacent areas have no impact on the extension of work.
23
Types of Permits
 Hot Work Permit (Red)
It is mandatory for any work, which involves the use of a
naked flame or any source of ignition.
Subject to a satisfactory gas test being completed, the Hot Work
Permit may be extended on a daily basis provided that work can
continue safely within the original specified terms and conditions,
and other adjacent areas have no impact on the extension of work.
24
Types of Permits
 Man Entry Permit (Green)
It is required before any persons are allowed to enter any confined
space, which might contain hydrocarbons or be deficient in oxygen or
contains toxic substances.
Work within a confined space can only be authorized through the
issuing of an Entry Permit in conjunction with the appropriate Naked
Flame, Hot, Cold or Excavation Permit.
The Entry Permit can be extended provided the work can safely
continue within the original specified terms and conditions.
An Entry Permit can only authorize entry.
Positive Isolation is mandatory before entry is allowed into Tanks or
Vessels.
Positive Pressure Breathing Apparatus (BA) is mandatory for entry
unless the Vessel; Tank or Pit is confirmed Gas Free.
Personnel entering a Confined Space wearing BA must wear a Harness
and Life Line and a Stand-By attendant (2 numbers) must be at the
entrance equipped with BA.
25
Types of Permits
 Excavation Permit (Orange)
It is required before excavation works are allowed to take place at any
area on Das Island.
The work conditions should be approved by the respective
Disciplines to ensure that precautions are taken to avoid damage to
underground facilities/services.
If the excavation is deeper than 4 feet, an Entry Permit must
be issued, an oxygen deficiency and gas test conducted and safe
access provided.
The Permit can be extended provided the work can continue with
the original specified terms and conditions.
A Hot or Cold Work Permit will normally accompany an Excavation
Permit.
26
Types of Permits
 Vehicle Entry Permit To Restricted Areas (White)
It is required before a vehicle is allowed to enter a restricted area
except when proceeding to Control Rooms via the recognized
roads/routes.
It is intended for control of the inherent sources of ignition and the
movement of all vehicles operating within the Restricted Area.
Vehicle Entry to restricted areas is normally associated with
activity for which the relevant Work Permits must be issued by
the Issuing Authority.
The permit may be extended provided the terms and conditions
of vehicle entry are maintained.
27
Types of Permits
 Road Closure Permit (White)
It is required whenever any road that is normally open to traffic
within areas operated by ADMA-OPCO require to be fully or
partially closed for any purpose.
It is designed to ensure that the necessary precautions are taken to
provide:
 Adequate warning and safe movement of traffic and
personnel.
 Alternative roads for traffic and Emergency Services
Vehicles in case of an emergency.
28
Types of Permits
 Road Movement of Irregular Load/Equipment
Permit (White)
It is required whenever any movement of vehicles, loads and
equipment is liable to obstruct normal traffic, due to their shape;
size or speed.
It is intended for:
 Allowing adequate planning for alternative roads to be
taken by Emergency Vehicles in case of an emergency
 Warning normal traffic
 Protecting the roads
29
Types of Permits
 Permit to Work on Electrical Apparatus and
Danger Notices (Pink)
It is required for control; safe operation and/or maintenance of any
Electrical Apparatus.
Only ‘Competent/Authorised Persons’ or those acting under their
direct supervision are allowed to work on isolated / secured
electrical apparatus. In addition, Control Engineering Personnel,
within their specific sphere of operation, are allowed to work on
electrical apparatus (up to 250 V.a.c.).
It is strictly forbidden for any personnel, other that Electrical
Disciplines (and Control personnel as stated above) to work on
or “interfere” with any Electrical Equipment of Apparatus
30
Types of Permits
 Isolation Confirmation Certificates (ICC) (Yellow)
It is required if an isolations will be applied, other than by the person
performing the task, by more than one discipline or for longer than one
work shift.
The equipment that may require an ICC include process fluids and
pressure, mechanical drive and control systems.
The ICC ensures that the isolations are applied and documented
in a thorough and systematic manner.
The ICC is raised before the Permit to Work is issued and it
remains in force at least until the Permit to Work is cancelled.
The ICC will only be cancelled upon the cancellation declaration
being signed by the Issuing Authority.
31
Distribution Of The Permit
Original
• Issued to the Performing Authority after he has endorsed to signify that
the conditions will be observed.
First Copy
• Posted in a prominent place (e.g. Central Control Room, Work Office and
Workshop)
Second Copy
• Remain in the possession of the Issuing Authority until completion of
work.
Third Copy
• Retained by the person responsible for the work, until the work is completed.
32
Permit Layout
Ten
Section
One
Extension
Section
Eight
Four
Section
Nine
Five
Three
Section
Seven
Two
Section
Six
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33
Gas Testing
Why Gas Detectors are important?
 Gas Detectors are required by Industrial
Regulations; best practices and ADMA HSE
Regulations and are the only way that
workplaces can identify gas leaks and
potential threats within the workplace.
 They are extremely important and are a
critical piece of safety equipment that can be
used to detect explosive atmospheres,
oxygen deficiency, and toxic gases.
 Without gas detectors being used to detect
threats, workers are exposed to potentially
hazardous gases that can result in personnel
injury; fatalities; fire/explosions and property
damage.
34
Gas Testing
Configuration Certificate of CROWCON Multi Gas Detectors
Alarm Setting
Model/Type
Triple Plus
Triple Plus+(1)
Detective
Triple Plus+(2)
ALARMS
CH4
H2S
CO
O2
Alarm-1
Alarm-2
Concentration is
Alarm-1
Alarm-2
Concentration is
Alarm-1
Alarm-2
Concentration is
ALARMS
Alarm-1
Alarm-2
Concentration is
20%LEL
40%LEL
50%LEL
20%LEL
40%LEL
50%LEL
20%LEL
40%LEL
50%LEL
H2
20%LEL
40%LEL
50%LEL
10 PPM
20 PPM
25PPM
10 PPM
20 PPM
25PPM
10 PPM
20 PPM
25 PPM
CL2
0.5 PPM
1 PPM
5 PPM
30 PPM
100 PPM
200PPM
30 PPM
100 PPM
200PPM
30 PPM
100 PPM
200 PPM
SO2
2 PPM
5 PPM
10 PPM
23.5%
19%
Normal - 20.9%
23.5%
19%
Normal - 20.9%
23.5%
19%
Normal - 20.9%
H2S
10 PPM
20 PPM
25 PPM
ADMA Safety Setting
ADMA Safety Setting
ADMA Safety Setting
ADMA Safety Setting
H2S - BW Extreme, Drager Pac And MSA Detectors ( Alarm Setting )
Model/Type
BW Extreme
Drager Pac III B,Mini
Pac ND and Pac7000
MSA Mini Responder
ALARMS
H2S
Alarm-1
10 PPM
Alarm-2
20 PPM
Concentration is
25 PPM
Alarm-1
10 PPM
Alarm-2
20 PPM
Concentration is
25 PPM
Alarm-1
10PPM
Alarm-2
20 PPM
Concentration is
25PPM
ADMA Safety Setting
ADMA Safety Setting
ADMA Safety Setting
35
Gas Testing
Explosive Limits
Example: Methane Gas
36
Gas Testing
Tetrahedron of Fire
37
Gas Testing
Responsibilities of Issuing Authority
& Performing Authority
 The Issuing Authority will do the gas test in the work area specified
in the PTW before the activity starts.
 The Performing Authority shall ensure continuous gas monitoring
and shall ensure that the Multi-Gas Detector is working/operational
throughout the activity.
 Both IA/ PA has the authority and must stop the job whenever that
the Gas Detector is defective or not operational.
 All works must stop; equipment shutdown and the area evacuated
should the Detector activate. Report to the Issuing Authority and
advise him of the activation. Measures will then be taken to identify
the source or reason for the activation.
38
Gas Testing
How to properly use Gas Detector
 Press the “on” button and ensure that the pump is working. The
Gas Detector is pre-set and therefore it does not require
configuration by individual.
 The Gas Detector can detect H2S, CH4, CO & O2. Know the limits
of each in terms of percentage or PPM.
 Position the Gas Detector in downwind direction. Never position in
upwind as the concentration of gas could be very minimal and
could not be detected.
 Never use your personal detector
for detecting gas.
 In switching off the unit, press “on” button and the “last” button
simultaneously until the unit switches off.
 Check the battery regularly. Ensure the battery is fully charged
before using.
39
Gas Testing
How to properly use Gas Detector
 Make sure your personnel gas detector is
calibrated by the approved Technician before
using.
 Placed the gas detector within the breathing zone.
 Do not block the air inlet. Do not keep the detector
inside your pocket.
 Always keep your detector clean from any dust, oil
and grease.
 Do not damage the rubber protection and the
monitor.
 Always turn off your gas detector when not in use.
 The Personal Gas detector shall not be used to
conduct Gas Tests. It is a personnel monitor only.
40
Workshop Operations
 Standing Safety Instruction
 It will be issued to cover all types of work inside work points & workshops, and to
authorize the use of permanent facilities and equipment.
 It should specify the permanent precautions and work conditions to be observed, and
the protective clothing and equipment to be used.
 Group Meetings and toolbox Meetings should be used by Workshop Supervisors to
enforce precautions and work conditions specified in the Standing Safety
Instructions.
 Should any change take place in workshop covered by standing safety orders, a
review / update of the Standing Instructions should be done.
 It should be displayed in a visible location at each workshop.
41
Routine Work Not Required Work Permit
 Examples
 Adjustments to separator pressures and to separator liquid levels.
 Sampling of produced fluids.
 Cleaning of roads, daily removal of garbage, Pest control works in Municipal Area
only.
 Replacement of lamps and fluorescent tubes in offices (Municipal areas).
 Cleaning up of minor spillage.
 Greasing of valves.
42
Validity of Permits
 A Work Permit Will Be Valid
 A work permit will be valid on initial signature for the daylight hours of the first day,
date and period of validity to be stated on the permit.
 A permit may be then extended thereafter for a maximum period of 14 consecutive
days on a daily basis (Hot, Cold, Entry and Excavation), a new permit will then be
required.
 All Permits will be valid for one working day only (12 hours), extensions if required
must be endorsed by respective Team Leader for Hot / Entry each in his area of
authority.
43
Validity of Permits
 A Work Permit Becomes Invalid If
 The permit is cancelled for any reason by the Issuing Authority .
 The method of isolation is disturbed.
 The special instructions written on the permit are not observed.
 The Performing Authority leaves the site without nominating a competent deputy.
 Work is stopped due to unforeseen circumstances.
 Any change in the specified work requirement occurs.
 A warning of an emergency is given.
 Period of validity expires.
44
Work Permit Process
Work Planning
Permit Application
Worksite Preparation: Isolation
Work Permit Authorization
Work Permit Issuing
Work Permit Distribution
Toolbox Talk
Work Suspension
Work Extension
Work Completion: De-isolation
Hand back and Permit Closure
45
Work Permit Process
Work Planning
 Work planning meetings are held regularly to define:
The precise task to be performed and the sequence of activities.
The tools and equipment required and the necessary safety precautions.
The area, system and equipment to be worked on.
Any hazards that may arise as well as potential conflicts with any other area, system,
equipment or personnel.
46
Work Permit Process
Permit Application
 The Performing Authority is responsible for the preparation of the Work Permit in
Section 1. Then, he passes the documents to Issuing Authority for review.
 The Issuing Authority identifies hazards and precautions in Section 2 and 3 then
review the documentation and completes Section 4 and 5.
 The Issuing Authority reviews and completes Section 6, Supplementary Certificates
Required and if these have not been raised initiates their preparation with the relevant
disciplines.
 The Issuing Authority assesses the documentation and ensures that the control
measures and precautions to mitigate risk are fully specified.
47
Work Permit Process
Worksite Preparation: Isolation
 This will probably involve isolation in the switch room as well as at the field end.
 The Issuing Authority Representative (Isolation Confirmation Authority) will attend
to oversee the isolation of the plant or equipment and to add their lock and isolation
tag.
 Once the isolations have been implemented and they have been locked and tagged
correctly they must then be verified.
 As part of the process of implementing isolations, the Certificate is used to record all
the isolation points and the isolation activities.
 As well as isolation, other precautions may be required at the
worksite (Gas Testing, Barriers, Purging ..etc).
48
Work Permit Process
Work Permit Authorization
 The Issuing Authority reviews the documents with the Performing Authority.
 The Issuing Authority checks the documentation, reviews the status of other ongoing
work and discusses the work activity with other disciplines responsible for the job to
ensure that there are no further requirements for preparing the worksite.
49
Work Permit Process
Work Permit Issuing
 Once satisfied that the worksite is safe, that all precautions have been implemented
and that the work activity will not affect other ongoing work the Issuing Authority
and Performing Authority will approve the Work Permit by completing and
endorsing Section 9 of the permit.
 The Work Permit, Certificates and the supporting documentation can now be issued
to allow the work team to start work.
50
Work Permit Process
Work Permit Distribution
 The distribution of the Work Permits and Certificates used in the ADMA-OPCO
Permit to Work System is recorded at the bottom of each form.
 Permits will be compiled in book form serially numbered; each consists of an
original plus three copies.
51
Work Permit Process
Toolbox Talk
 Before work starts the Performing Authority will hold a Work Permit briefing,
commonly known as the Toolbox Talk.
 This briefing will explain:
The scope of the work.
The hazards and potential risks.
The control measures in place.
The necessary Personal Protective Equipment.
Emergency Procedures.
The tools that are required for the work activity.
52
Work Permit Process
Work Suspension
 At the end of the shift, the Work Permit is automatically suspended. Suspension can
also occur when the work cannot be completed or cannot continue.
 At the end of the shift, the Performing Authority is responsible for ensuring the
worksite is made safe, clean and tidy.
 The Performing Authority then returns the Work Permit and associated documents to
the Area Authority.
 The Issuing Authority will then collate all the copies of the Work Permit and the
supporting Certificates.
53
Work Permit Process
Work Extension
 Permits must be extended at the start of every shift to allow work to continue.
 The Performing Authority must contact the Issuing Authority to extend the Work
Permit.
 The Performing Authority and Issuing Authority discuss the work activity and
endorse the relevant Sections of the permit. During their discussions, they must
confirm that all the applicable safety precautions are in place.
 The Work Permit is then redistributed and the work can recommence.
54
Work Permit Process
Work Completion: De-isolation
 The Performing Authority returns the worksite copies of the Work Permit, Certificate
and other documents to the Issuing Authority.
 The Performing Authority must ensure that the worksite has been left in a safe, clean
and tidy condition before returning the documents.
 This may also involve the removal of locks and tags that were placed on the local
On/Off switch or Start/ Stop control as an additional precaution by the Performing
Authority.
55
Work Permit Process
Hand back and Permit Closure
 To formally hand back the equipment or plant and to close the Work Permit Section
10 is completed and signed by the Performing Authority and the Issuing Authority.
 All copies of the Work Permit, Certificates and supporting documents used for the
job are filed by Operations in a ‘Completed Work’ tray. These are later archived by
HSE Section, used in audits and are retained as required under law.
56
Isolation
 Isolation Tags
 Used to identify isolation points for both electrical and mechanical
isolations.
 Danger notice cards are used for electrical isolations while process
and mechanical isolations have ICC plastic tags, which are applied
with wire locks to the isolation.
 Electrical Isolation
 It is the secure, proven disconnection and physical separation of a
circuit, or item of equipment from every source of electrical
energy.
 Mechanical Isolation
 It is defined as the segregation of the working environment from
the inventory.
57
Isolation
 Padlocks
 Isolations are made secure by using wire locks or other securing
devices.
 Locks may be stored in a centralized cabinet, and all are numbered
individually so that their use can be recorded and tracked.
 Lock-off Boxes
 Used to keep the keys of lockout devices whilst still maintaining
control.
 Access to the Lock-Off Box is restricted to the Authorized or
Competent Person or the Issuing Authority responsible for the
isolations, and requires a separate key to gain access.
58
Isolation
 (1) Positive Isolation
 It is regarded as the most secure method and must always be considered when
planning maintenance work, for example positive isolation is mandatory for
Confined Space Entry.
 Positive Isolation may be effected as follows:
Spool Removal  removal of pipe work section and bolting/clamping blank flanges rated for
full line design pressure onto live ends.
Spade Isolation  witnessed insertion between bolted or clamped flanges of a blind plate;
swinging of a spectacle plate.
 Positive Isolation is mandatory in the following situation:
Confined space entry.
Where hot work is to be undertaken.
Long duration isolations, e.g. more than one week.
Where equipment is to be mothballed.
For process fluids at or above auto-ignition temperature.
59
Isolation
 Positive Isolation
2
Spool Removal
1 11
Valve
Valve
ValveClosed
Closed
Closed
3
Bolting Blank Flanges
60
Isolation
 (2) Double Block and Bleed (DBB)
 It is one of the approved method of valve isolation, if the valves can provide a
reliable seal under the particular conditions of service.
 Consists of closure of two block valves in series with an intermediate bleed valve to
a safe location between them. The safe location may be to atmosphere or to vent
flare / drain vessels.
 ESD valves may be used as part of a DBB isolation, providing they can be reliably
immobilized.
 Single valves of a type, which provide a double seal in a single body and with a
bleed between the seals are also acceptable.
61
Isolation
 Double Block and Bleed (DBB)
1 1
1
Block
Valve
Closed
Block
Valve
Closed
Block Valve Closed
2 2
Block
Valve
Closed
Block
Valve
Closed
3
Bleed Valve Opened
62
Isolation
 (3) Single Valve Isolation
 It is regarded as the least secure method of valve isolation.
 Consists of closure of a single block valve.
 Approval of Area Authority must be obtained prior to any work against SVI in any
process area.
 (4) Other Isolation Devices
 Mechanically expanded plugs stopple bags, frozen plugs and conventional
mechanical plugs must not be used as primary forms of isolation.
63
Isolation
 Single Valve Isolation
1
Valve Closed
64
Dispensation
 Dispensation
 Any such deviation from Regulations, Standards, Procedures, Practice, and
Instructions. A dispensation form should have special safety considerations and a
Risk Assessment (if appropriate) attached before it is authorized.
 Issue
 The dispensation is issued based on area authority requirement to carry out a specific
work which deviate the normal procedure. Task risk assessment shall be carried out
for each dispensation prior to issue.
 Example
 Night shift work (radiography, welding, grinding, cutting, etc).
 Lifting operation over live plant/equipment.
 Hot bolting work above the allowable line pressure .
65
Dispensation
Endorsement
HSE SARB
OA
AA
(TL / SL)
(SARB Opr.
Manager)
SM
(Abu Dhabi HQ)
66
Risk Assessment
Task is Defined
Competent Persons Identify Any
Significant Hazards
Initial Assessment
(Stage 1)
Can Significant
Risks Be Adequately Controlled
By Existing Means
Yes
No
Detailed Assessment
(Stage 2)
Assessment Team Specifies
All Safeguards Necessary
No
Repeat
Change Task
Yes
Safeguards Now Give
Adequate Control
Issue Permit
(if required)
Perform Task
67
Restricted Areas
 Restricted Area
 Areas where either Hydrocarbons (oil & gas) or Dangerous substances (Acids,
Petrol) are Processed , Stored, and Loaded.
 Example
 Tank Farm
 SPM
 Process plant (valves, pipelines and vessels)
68
Area Classification
 Hazardous Area
 It is an area where hydrocarbon or dangerous substances are either processed; stored
or loaded and which hazardous atmospheres may be present. Special precautions for
the introduction, use and maintenance of electrical equipment are required.
 Hazardous Atmosphere
 An atmosphere containing flammable gas or vapor in a concentration capable of
ignition.
 Purpose
 To determine the Area Zone.
 To determine the suitable electrical equipment that can be used in the hazardous area.
 To minimize the risk associated with electrical equipment.
69
Area Classification
Zone 0
An Area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously or for
long periods. (Storage tank roofs, as they have open vents)
Zone 1
An Area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur in normal
operation. (Vessel/Pump vents equipped with PCV)
Zone 2
An Area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal
operation and if it does occur, is likely only to occur infrequently and will exist
for a short period only. (Locations adjacent to/out with Zone 1 area)
Non-Hazardous
An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not expected to be present in
quantities such as to require special precautions for the construction,
installation and use of apparatus. (Car Parks within the plant Area)
70
Area Classification
Petrol Station
Fixed Roof Crude Oil
Storage Tank
71
Pyrophoric Scale
 Pyrophoric Scale
 In systems containing Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), the H2S will react with the iron
oxide on the internal surfaces and produce a scale of iron sulphide called pyrophoric
scale). It is a substance that will ignite spontaneously in air (Iron Sulphide).
 Formation
Hydrogen Sulphide
Iron Oxide
Iron Sulphide
(Pyrophoric Scale)
Iron Sulphide
(Pyrophoric Scale)
Oxygen
(Atmosphere)
Ignition
72
Pyrophoric Scale
 Precaution
 A hot work permit must be in place.
 When joints have to be broken on such lines/equipment, the exposed parts should be
doused with water or blanketed by steam to render harmless any Pyrophoric Scale.
 Containment should not be left open or should not be open in more than one location
at a time, unless the Pyrophoric Scale has been rendered harmless with thorough
wetting.
 The removed Scale must be disposed as hazardous materials by submerging
immediately the scale in water in PVC drums clearly marked with “PYROPHORIC
SCALE” and other shipping details.
73
Confined Space Entry
Hazards












Liquid/Gas under pressure
Toxic materials
Corrosive materials
Flammable materials
Hot materials
Chemicals
Naked flames/Arcs
Flying particles/Sparks
Pyrophoric
Electricity
Moving machinery
Outside Factors
 Wind, weather, sea
state
 Danger of falling
 Explosive
 Radioactive
 Live plant
Precautions
 Obtain an Entry permit before starting the work along with the
appropriate permit for the work to be performed inside.
 Ensure the isolation procedure (including electrical) has been fully
completed where applicable (equipment/lines have been depressurized,
drained and gas freed).
 Positive Isolation is mandatory for entry in Tanks or Vessels.
 Ensure the entire area is free of hazardous atmospheres (conduct gas
monitoring, provide ventilation when necessary).
 BA sets must be used until the confined space is gas free.
 Provide ready egress/ingress.
 Provide warning signs and cordon of entrances.
 Use safety harnesses and lifeline where necessary.
 Provide trained & competent attendants at each entry point, to keep
communication with workers inside and render assistance in case of
emergency.
 Allow only minimum number of personnel in confined space.
 Use an entry head count board.
 Sufficient BA sets must be readily available for emergencies.
74
Flammable Mixture
 Flammable Mixture
 It is a mixture of gas and oxygen in the
right proportion to allow ignition.
 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
 It is the concentration of flammable gas or
vapour in air below which the gas
atmosphere is not explosive. (Methane
5%) At a concentration in air lower than the LEL, gas mixtures are
"too lean" to burn.
 Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
 It is the concentration of flammable gas or
vapour in air above which the gas
atmosphere is not explosive. (Methane
15%) Highest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable
of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat).
Concentrations higher than UFL or UEL are "too rich" to burn.
Common Combustible Gas LEL's and UEL's
LEL
Acetone
(CH3)2CO 2.15%
UEL
13.0%
Acetylene
C2H2
2.5%
100%
Benzene
C6H6
1.2%
8.0%
Butadiene
C4H6
1.1%
12.5%
Ethane
C2H6
3.0%
15.5%
Ethyl Alcohol
CH2H5OH
3.3%
19.0%
Ethyl Ether
(C2H5)2O
1.7%
36.0%
Ethylene
C2H4
2.7%
36.0%
Hexane
C6H14
1.1%
7.5%
Hydrogen
H2
4.0%
75.6
IsoButane
C4H10
1.8%
8.5%
Isopropyl Alcohol (CH3)2CHO
2.0%
(IPA)
H
12.7%
Methane
CH4
5.0%
15.0%
Methanol
CH3OH
6.0%
36.0%
Pentane
C5H12
1.5%
7.8%
Propylene
C3H6
2.0%
11.1%
Toluene
C7H8
1.2%
7.0%
75
H2S : Dangerous killer
H2S = one of the most dangerous
killer in the petroleum industry.
76
WHAT IS H2S?
Hydrogen Sulfide (Chemical formula H2S).
One part per million (ppm) would be
one (1) teaspoonful in approximately 25 drums
•
High toxic gas
• Flammable
• Colorless
• Irritant
• Heavier
than air
• Soluble
in liquids
• Smell
like rotten eggs in concentration lower 1 ppm
77
H2S Health effects
Concentration
Effect
More than 1 ppm
Smell like rotten eggs
Less than 10 ppm
10 – 100 ppm
About 500 ppm
1000 ppm
Eye, nose & throat irritation
Loss of sense of smell
Causes headaches dizziness, nausea, abdominal pains within 15
minutes
Rapid loss of consciousness. Death within minutes.
The sense of smell can definitely not be relied upon to detect H2S.
78
H2S can be found on:
• Tank roof openings and float roof seals
• Open sample points
• Pump glands
• Drains
• Untreated LPG and off-gas streams from crude distillation unit
• Desulphurising plant treating distillate streams in the presence of hydrogen
• Thermal and “CAT” crackers and hydro crackers
• Flare systems, fuel gas mains, sulphur storage vessels, sewage systems.
• Loading facilities
79
EYES
• FLUSH EYES WITH WATER FOR AT
LEAST 15 MINUTES WHILE HOLDING
EYELEADS OPEN.
EYES AND FACE
CHEMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES. FACE
SHIELD
IF THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR CONTACT
WITH
FREEZING LIQUID.
• OBTAIN MEDICAL ATTENTION AFTER
FIRST AID
INHALATION
• REMOVE VICTIM FROM FURTHER
EXPOSURE
• ENSURE YOUR OWN SAFETY BEFORE
ATTEMPTING RESCUE
SKIN
• FLUSH AFFECTED SKIN WITH GENTLY
FLOWING WARM WATER FOR AT
LEAST 20 MINUTES
NOTE:
IN EMERGENCY RESCUE OPERATION OF
PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN H2S
RELEASE/CONTRACT, THE RESCUE MUST
WEAR B.A AND NOT A SAVER SET OR
FILTER.
PROVIDE AN EYEWASH STATION IN THE
AREA.
• SELF CONTAINED
BREATHING
APPARATUS
• POSITIVE
PRESSURE (OR
AIR-LINE MASK)
• SUITABLE
STANDBY
BREATHING
APPARATUS
• BODY HARNESS
• LIFELINES
SKIN (HANDS, ARMS AND BODY)
IN CONFINED SPACES OR WHERE THE
RISK OF SKIN
EXPOSURE IS MUCH HIGH, IMPERVIOUS
CLOTHING SHOULD BE WORN.
RESPIRATORY
IF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS,
USE AN APPROPRIATE RESPIRATOR,
EITHER SELF-CONTAINED OR AIRLINE
BREATHING APPARATUS.
NOTE: AVOID THE FOLLOWING:
WORKING ALONE INSTEAD USE THE
BUDDY SYSTEM
USE OF SELF RESCUE RESPIRATOR IN A
CONFINED SPACE ENTERING.
80
IA Training requirements
 Issuing Authority Training
 30 hours of training within the first month on site conducted under the supervision of
the HSE Section (SARB) including self study.
 After completion, the HSE Section will verbally examine the designated person.
 On satisfactory verbal assessment, the designated person will complete (Not Issue)
work permit under the direct supervision of the Operating Authority.
 The designated personnel will sit required standard examination conducted by the
HSE Section (SARB) for the final authorization as an Issuing Authority.
 Refresher Training shall be undertaken, and assessed at a frequency of not more than
3 years or if absent from the asset for more than 12 months.
81
PA Training requirements
 Performing Authority Training
 14 hours of training within the first 21 days on site conducted by the HSE Section
(SARB) including self study.
 After completion, the HSE Section will verbally examine the designated person.
 On satisfactory verbal assessment, the designated person will complete (Not Issue)
work permit under the direct supervision of the Issuing Authority.
 The designated personnel will sit required standard examination conducted by the
HSE Section (SARB) for the final authorization as a Performing Authority.
 Refresher Training shall be undertaken, and assessed at a frequency of not more than
2 years or if absent from the asset for more than 12 months.
82
Training summary
 Training
 Completed Basic Fire Fighting Course.
 Completed Breathing Apparatus Course 1 & 2
 Completed ADMA Gen. HSE Course
 Completed ADMA PTW System Course.
 Passed verbal and written assessment (85% for PA & 90% for
IA) conducted by HSEE.
 Able to write, communicate in ENGLISH properly.
83
PTW Auditing
 Permit Compliance Audit
 To ensure that the application of the permit to work system remains within the spirit
of company regulations and complies with these procedures.
 The system will be regularly audited both internally and externally.
 The use of the Audit Checklist will allow the auditor to consider various aspects of a
permit.
 An audit file of permits will be maintained by the work site, control rooms,
workshop, office, etc.
84
Conclusion
The Permit to Work System is a vital part of our Health,
Safety and Environmental Management System.
Therefore, adherence and implementation are the keys
for a safe place of work.
85
Prepared By: SARB HSE Engineer