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Bio – means life
Ologos – to study / the study
• BIOLOGY – is the study of life / the
study of livingthings
• Biologist – the person who studies
Biology
Imhotep
27. century BCE
Egyptian physician
and architect
‘the first figure of a physician to
stand out clearly from the mists of
antiquity’
Hippocrates
Greek physician
460-375 BCE
father of medicine.
Hippocratic Oath
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Aristotle – Greek
philosopher; first who
classified living things as
to air, land, or water
dwellers; Father of
Biology
TheophrastusGreek philosopher
"father of botany"
Historia Plantarum
De causis plantarum
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Galen – Greekphysician;
first to dissect apes and
pigs; Father ofAnatomy
Abu Ali Sina-Avicenna
Persian-born Islamic
philosopher and physician
„the prince of physicians”
The Canon of Medicine
Paracelsus-Swiss
physician, naturalist
and polymath
"father of toxicology"
„Sola dosis facit venenum"
"Only the dose makes the
poison”
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AndreasVesalius – made
the first dissection on
human anatomy;
discovered Comparative
Anatomy
"On the fabric of the
human body in seven
books"
William Harvey – showed
conclusively that the heart
pumps blood and the blood
circulates
„Anatomical Exercise on
the Motion of the Heart
and Blood in Animals”
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Marcello Malpighi –
Italian physician &
anatomist, founderof
microscopic anatomy
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
first to use microscope;
discovered
microorganisms such as
protozoans called
animalcules
Carl von Linné Swedish
botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and
physician 1707-1778
"father of modern taxonomy"
binomial nomenclature
Systema Naturae
Georges and Frédéric
Cuvier 1769-1832 and 17731838
French zoologists and palaeontologists
“Researches on the Bones of Fossil
Vertebrates”
New branch of science Paleontology
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1744-1829 French naturalist
Lamarckism
Philosophie Zoologique
inheritance of acquired
characteristics
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Charles Darwin –
wrote the book On
theOrigin of Species
By Meansof Natural
Selection
Gregor Mendel
1822-1884
Augustinian monk of Sudeten
German origin
botanist, founder of scientific
heredity
Versuche über PflanzenHybriden
2 Major Divisions of
Biology
• Botany – the
study ofPLANTS
• Zoology –the
study of
ANIMALS
Dendrology
Study of trees and their
history
Mycology
Study of fungi and some
association with plants
Paleonbotany
Phytopathology
Study of fossil plants
Agriculture
Study the principles of
botany in growing food
plants
Pomology
Study of cultivating fruits
Study of diseases of
plants
Arachnology
Study of single class of
invertebrate (scorpions,
spiders, etc.)
Malacology
Embryology
Study of mollusks
Entomology
Herpetology
Mammalogy
Ornithology
Ichthyology
Study of the development of
animal forms
Study of insects
Study of reptiles
Study of mammals
Study of birds
Study of fishes
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Anatomy –the
study of
structures of
entire
organisms and
their parts
•
Physiology
– the study
of howthe
body and
its parts
work
Ecology – study
of howorganisms
interact withtheir
environment &
with other
organisms
•
Parasitology – the study of the
organisms that live in or on other
organisms that caused diseases
•
Taxonomy – the study of the
classification & evolutionary
interrelationships among
organisms
•
Cytology – the study of the
structures & functions of cells
•
Microbiology – the study of
microorganisms such as bacteria,
protozoans, andviruses
•
Paleontology – the study of
fossils, the preserved remains and
traces of organisms from the past
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Genetics – the study of how traits
are inherited & passed on one
generation to the next
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Morphology – the study of gross
structures & forms of organisms
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Histology – study of tissues