Unit 1
AN OVERVIEW OF ETHICS
Lesson 1
Fundamentals of Ethics
Learning Objectives
• define and discuss ethics and its significance to an
individual who acts according to code of principles;
• determine and understand the use of ethics in facing
ethical problems;
• determine and discuss the importance of being an
ethical person;
• identify ethical “isms”; and
• describe the branches of ethics.
Social and Professional Issues
What is Ethics?
ETHICS
Nagmula sa salitang
Griyego na "ethos" na
nangangahulugang
"kaugalian", "character",
"ugali", o "disposisyon”.
Ang "ethos" ay ginagamit
upang tukuyin ang mga
pinahahalagahan o
gawain na nagpapaibayo
sa isang tao,
organisasyon, oSocial
lipunan
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Ano ang Ethics?
Ethics
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isang sistema ng mga prinsipyo ng
moralidad.
ay nagpapaalala sa kung
ano ang mabuti para sa
mga indibidwal at lipunan.
ang proseso ng pagtuklas,
pagtatanggol at
pagtatanong sa ating mga
pinahahalagahan,
alituntunin, at layunin.
What is Ethics?
Ethics
Social and Professional Issues
tumutukoy
sa mga
makatwirang
pamantayan ng tama at mali, na
kailangang gawin ng mga tao,
karaniwan ay sa mga tuntunin ng
karapatan, obligasyon, kapakanan sa
lipunan,
pagkakapantay-pantay,
o
integridad
tumutukoy sa pag-aaral at pagunlad ng mga pamantayan ng
moralidad.
What is Ethics?
Ethics
Social and Professional Issues
ang patuloy na pagsisikap na pagaralan ang sarili nating mga paniniwala
sa moralidad at pag-uugali ayon sa
moralidad, at ang pagsisikap na tiyakin
na ang mga institusyong tumutulong
tayong hubugin na mamuhay ayon sa
mga pamantayang angkop at maituwid
na pag-uugali.
What is Ethics?
Ethics
Social and Professional Issues
Ito ay madalas na uri ng
isang multidisciplinary field
ng pag-aaral.
ANG PAGKAKAIBA NG ETIKA AT MORALIDAD
▪ Moralidad ay mula sa salitang Latin 'moralita' - ibig sabihin ay may
kinalaman sa mga kaugalian, paraan, at gawi sa paghubog ng buhay
ng tao
▪ Ang moralidad ay naghahanap ng mabuti sa paraan ng ating pangaraw-araw na pamumuhay
▪ Ethics ay gabay sa moralidad
▪ Ang etika ay nagbibigay sa atin ng pang-unawa sa mahahalagang
alituntuning isinasagawa sa bawat aktibidad
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Ang etika at moralidad ay parehong tumutukoy sa
pagkatao at paraan ng paggawa ng mabuti/ masama,
tama/mali
o Kung ikaw ang tatanungin saan mo unang natutunan ang tungkol sa
etika at moralidad?
Customs
Traditions
Beliefs
Norms
Community habits
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Governs an individual's code of
behavior and stop moral wrongs
from occurring
Creating
Credibility
Improving
Decision Making
Securing the
Society
Importance
of Ethics
Satisfying Basic Human
Needs
Uniting People and Leadership
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Long Term
Gains
▪ According to Meacham (2011) the primary task of ethics, or
morality is to guide one's action. Any person in general, through
the rule of thumb, would readily distinguish from what is good
from what is bad, and what is right from what is wrong.
▪ A striking problem arises when an individual could hardly make
a fine line distinction between what is good from what is right.
▪ This is because what is right does not necessarily mean the it is
good, and vice versa, what is good does not necessarily mean
that it is right.
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Good Vs Right
Good- achievement of goals
Instrumental
Benefit
Biological
Right-
Teleological approachedend, purpose, goal
Compliance with laws and
rules
Deontological approached
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A person will act
according to moral rules
Do you care about
others, or are you a
self-centered
individual?
Are you
an ethical
person?
Do you love others
unconditionally or
expect something in
return?
Do you take in-charge of the result
of your actions or criticize others
for what happens to you?
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It is a situation with uncertainty about
what is right to do from a moral or
ethical perspectives.
It is a problem in
the decision
making
process between
Ethical
two possible
dilemma
options, neither of
which is absolutely
acceptable from an
It is a problem situation in
ethical
which an ethical response is
perspective.
difficult to determine.
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Naranasan
mo ba ang
etikal na
problema?
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Scenario 1
What should a coach do when the star players get
caught breaking rules that should lead to their
suspension from the team immediately before a big
game that is very important to the team? Will the
coach suspend the players or not?
• If the coach will implement the suspension there
might be a chance that the team will lose.
• However, allowing the star players to play in the
game will give the team a chance to play in the
championship game.
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• If the coach did not apply appropriate actions with
regards to the violated rules, what lesson are those
players will be learned? Will they continue to break
rules?
• What about the other players who do follow the
rules? Will they learn that the rules are just
suggestions and feel like they don’t need to comply
in the future?
• What if one of the players who broke the rules will
miss a chance to be seen by professional scouts if
he doesn’t play in the game?
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• What if the team’s school will earn a large amount
of money from coverage of the game if the team
goes to the championship?
• What if the coach is set to earn a big bonus or
significant pay increase if the team advances to the
championship game?
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Basic Principles of Ethics
The
Golden
Rule
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The
Rights
of
Others
The
Consequence
s of our
Actions
Accountability
for our Actions
The Virtue
of
Truthfulness
and
Integrity
Four Ethical “isms”
As mentioned by Hare (1993) in his book
Essays in Ethical Theory, there are four
ethical 'isms.’
The different 'isms' regard the person
uttering the statement as doing various
things.
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Four Ethical “isms”
Moral realism
Subjectivism
Emotivism
Prescriptivism
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Four Ethical “isms”
Moral realism
Moral realism is predicated on the thought that
there are real objective moral facts or truths
within the universe. Moral declarations provide
factual information about those truths.
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Four Ethical “isms”
Subjectivism
Subjectivism instructs that moral judgments
are nothing quite statements of a person's
feelings or point of view, while moral
statements don't contain genuine truths about
good or bad.
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Four Ethical “isms”
Prescriptivism
Prescriptivism is predicated on the thought
that ethical statements prescribe certain
behavior and attitudes. Ethical statements are
order or advice. There is nearly always a
prescriptive element in any real-world ethical
statement.
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Four Ethical “isms”
Emotivism
Emotivism is the view that moral claims are not
any reasonable expressions of approval or
disapproval. When people make an ethical
judgment, they show their feelings about
something.
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Branches of Ethics
One way of categorizing the sector of ethics
(as a study of morality) is by distinguishing
between its different branches.
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Branches of Ethics
Meta ethics
• It is a branch of ethics that looks at the scope
and foundation of moral values. It deals with
the origin of the ethical concepts themselves.
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Branches of Ethics
Normative ethics
• It deals with “norms” or set of considerations
how one should act. Thus, it’s a study of “ethical
action” and sets out the rightness or
wrongness of the actions.
Social and Professional Issues
Branches of Ethics
Applied ethics
• It deals with the philosophical examination, from a
moral standpoint, of particular issues in private and
public life which are matters of moral judgment.
• It is concerned with how ethics is applied on a
certain issues.
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