Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Which of the following metals can be extracted from its ores by physical methods?
(1)
Gold
(2)
Zinc
(3)
Sodium
(4)
Platinum
A.
(1) and (3) only
B.
(1) and (4) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(3) and (4) only
The reactivity of metals W, X, Y and Z in ascending order is Z, X, W, Y. Metal Z is found as free element in
the Earth while Y is extracted by passing electricity through its molten ore. What methods should be
employed to extract metals W and X from their ores?
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Extraction method for W
Extraction method for X
A.
Heating the ore in air
Heating the ore with carbon
B.
Heating the ore in air
Electrolysis
C.
Heating the ore with carbon
Heating the ore in air
D.
Physical separation
Heating the ore with carbon
Compound X is a white solid which gives a brick-red flame upon burning. Electrolysis of X in molten state
produces a gas that turns wet blue litmus paper red and then white. What is compound X?
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A.
Calcium chloride
B.
Calcium carbonate
C.
Sodium carbonate
D.
Sodium chloride
Which of the following tests CANNOT be used to test for calcium carbonate?
(1)
Flame test
(2)
Using dilute sulphuric acid
(3)
Using glowing splint
A.
(1) only
B.
(3) only
C.
(1) and (3) only
D.
(2) and (3) only
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Refer to the diagram below:
What would be observed if EXCESS carbon dioxide is added in process (II)?
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A.
There is no observable change.
B.
The solution turns green in colour.
C.
Effervescence occurs.
D.
White precipitate dissolves.
Which of the following statements about gold are CORRECT?
(1)
Gold exists as a free element in nature.
(2)
Gold is chemically unstable.
(3)
Gold can be extracted from the earth crust by physical methods.
A.
(1) and (2) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
Which of the following statements concerning limestone is/ are INCORRECT?
(1)
Limestone is soluble in water.
(2)
Limestone decomposes on heating.
(3)
Limestone can be dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid.
A.
(1) only
B.
(2) only
C.
(1) and (3) only
D.
(2) and (3) only
Which of the following compounds is/are formed when chalk decomposes at high temperature?
(1)
Water
(2)
Calcium oxide
(3)
Carbon dioxide
A.
(1) only
B.
(3) only
C.
(1) and (2) only
D.
(2) and (3) only
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Which of the following compounds is formed when carbon dioxide turns lime water milky?
A.
Calcium hydroxide
B.
Calcium oxide
C.
Calcium carbonate
D.
Calcium hydrogencarbonate
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carbon dioxide gas?
A.
It is slightly soluble in water.
B.
It gives a “pop” sound with a burning splint.
C.
It is denser than air.
D.
It turns lime water milky.
Complete the following word equation:
P + Hydrochloric acid  Magnesium chloride + Water + Q
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P
Q
A.
Magnesium
Hydrogen
B.
Calcium carbonate
Carbon dioxide
C.
Magnesium carbonate
Carbon dioxide
D.
Calcium
Hydrogen
Solid Y gives brick-red flame when it is heated in a Bunsen flame. Effervescence occurs when solid Y is
added into dilute hydrochloric acid. What is solid Y?
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A.
Common salt
B.
Marble
C.
Silver nitrate
D.
Calcium chloride
Metal X is extracted by heating its ore with carbon while metal Y is found in the Earth’s crust naturally.
Metal Z can neither be extracted from its ore by heating the ore nor heating with carbon. Silver can easily
be extracted by gentle heating.
Which of the following shows the decreasing order of reactivity of metals?
A.
X, Y, Silver, Z
B.
Z, Silver, X, Y
C.
Z, X, Silver, Y
D.
Y, Silver, X, Z
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Which of the following metals can be extracted by electrolysis of molten ore?
(1)
Silver
(2)
Copper
(3)
Calcium
A.
(3) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
Which of the following metals cannot be extracted by heating the oxide(s) with carbon?
(1)
Calcium
(2)
Lead
(3)
Mercury
A.
(1) only
B.
(2) only
C.
(1) and (3) only
D.
(2) and (3) only
Which of the following combinations concerning metal extraction from the ores are CORRECT?
Metal to be extracted
Method of extraction
(1)
Platinum
Physical separation
(2)
Sodium
Electrolysis of molten ore
(3)
Mercury
Heating the ore in air
A.
(1) and (2) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
What would be observed when a piece of marble is added into dilute hydrochloric acid?
(1)
Effervescence occurs.
(2)
The marble dissolves.
(3)
The solution becomes milky.
A.
(1) and (2) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
There is a mixture of chalk and common salt. How can common salt be separated from the mixture?
A.
Adding some water to the mixture → Evaporation → Filtration
B.
Filtration → Crystallization → Adding some water to the mixture
C.
Filtration → Evaporation → Crystallization
D.
Adding some water to the mixture → Filtration → Evaporation
Which of the following reactions can produce white precipitate?
(1)
Carbon dioxide is passed into lime water.
(2)
Acidified silver nitrate solution is added into copper(II) chloride solution.
(3)
Marble is put into dilute hydrochloric acid.
A.
(1) and (2) only
B.
(1) and (3) only
C.
(2) and (3) only
D.
(1), (2) and (3)
Assertion-reason question
1st statement
Chalk decomposes to give calcium and carbon dioxide at high temperature.
2nd statement
Calcium can be extracted from chalk by electrolysis of molten chalk.
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A.
Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B.
Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C.
The 1st statement is false while the 2nd statement is true.
D.
Both statements are false.
Assertion-reason question
1st statement
Limestone is soluble in water.
2nd statement
Limestone reacts with water and lime water is formed.
A.
Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B.
Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C.
The 1st statement is false while the 2nd statement is true.
D.
Both statements are false.
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Assertion-reason question
1st statement
If a beaker of lime water is exposed in air for several days, the lime water turns milky.
2nd statement
Air contains carbon dioxide.
A.
Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
B.
Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.
C.
The 1st statement is false while the 2nd statement is true.
D.
Both statements are false.
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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1
1 EQ
Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Metal X is less reactive than iron but more reactive than gold. Metal Y is more reactive
than iron.
(a)
Arrange the above four metals in ascending order of reactivity.
(b)
Suggest a method to extract each of X and Y.
(c)
Suggest a method to extract iron from iron(II) oxide.
(d)
Draw the labelled laboratory set-up for (c).
(1 mark)
(2 marks)
(1 mark)
(2 marks)
(Total: 6 marks)
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3
1
2 EQ
(a)
Farmers add “slake lime” to the soil to neutralize the acidity. What is the
systematic name of slake lime?
(b)
(1 mark)
“Lime water” is a common reagent used in laboratory. What is the systematic
name of this reagent? It can be used to test for a gas. What is the gas? What is
the expected observation?
(c)
(3 m
Write a word equation for the reaction in (b)?
(1 mark)
(Total: 5 marks)
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3
1
3 EQ
(a)
Acid rain can erode limestone buildings and statues. Name the compound which
limestone is mainly composed of.
(b)
(1 mark)
Air pollutants cause acid rain. Name these air pollutants. Give two examples of
the sources.
(c)
(4 marks)
Write a word equation for the reaction of acid rain on limestone.
(1 mark)
(Total: 6 marks)
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3
1
4 EQ
Complete the parts (a) to (e) in the following table:
Action of water on rocks
Results
1.
2.
Freeze-thaw action
(d)
Hydraulic action
3.
Water is trapped in the cracks.
Water freezes when temperature (a),
cracks are (b) .
The alternate processes in freezing of
water and (c) weaken the rock
structure and the rocks are broken up
finally.
Minerals in the rocks may dissolve in water.
Heavy rain may wash away some pieces of
(e) from the surface of rocks.
(5 marks)
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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2
5 EQ
Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Susan wants to perform an experiment of extracting zinc from zinc oxide compound.
(a)
Which method should Susan use?
(1 mark)
(b)
What can Susan observe during the experiment?
(1 mark)
(c)
Write down the word equation for the reaction.
(1 mark)
(d)
Draw the experimental set-up.
(3 marks)
(Total: 6 marks)
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3
2
6 EQ
A student performed an experiment on compound X to form “quick lime” and gas Z.
He also further performed a few tests on gas Z and the results were summarized as
below:
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2
7 EQ
Test with
Gas Z
Burning splint
No observable changes
Lime water
Turned to milky
Bicarbonate indicator
From red to yellow
(a)
Name the experiment on compound X.
(1 mark)
(b)
Deduce compound X.
(1 mark)
(c)
Deduce gas Z. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
(d)
What is the systematic name of “quicklime”? State one of its uses.
(2 marks)
(a)
What is “weathering”?
(b)
Why can rain water damage the limestone statues? Use word equation(s) to
represent the reaction involved.
(c)
(1 mark)
(3 marks)
The degree of erosion on limestone is the most serious in the seriously polluted
district. Explain.
(2 marks)
(Total: 6 marks)
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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3
1
1 EQ
Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
A student has set up the following apparatus to investigate the thermal decomposition
of chalk. However, there is no observable change.
(a)
Point out all the mistakes made and describe how you could correct them.
(4 marks)
(b)
What would be observed after the modification of the setup?
(c)
Write a word equation for reaction involved.
(2 marks)
(1 mark)
(Total: 7 marks)
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3
1
2 EQ
Three different tests were respectively performed on solid X and Y. The results are as
follows:
Test
Test 1:
Flame Test
Test 2:
Reaction with
hydrochloric acid
Solid X
Solid Y
Brick red flame
Golden yellow flame
A gas evolved which
turned lime water milky.
No observable
change.
Y was soluble in
Test 3:
X was insoluble in water
water and formed
Dissolve the solid in water
and did not react with
white precipitate with
and add acidified silver
acidified silver nitrate
acidified silver nitrate
nitrate solution
solution
solution.
(a)
Write down the word equation for the test 2 on solid X.
(1 mark)
(b)
According to the results of the tests, deduce what the solid Y is.
(c)
Which acid should be used to acidify the silver nitrate solution in test 3?
(3 marks)
(1 mark)
(d)
Name solid X.
(1 mark)
(e)
(2 marks)
State ONE source of X and Y respectively.
(Total: 8 marks)
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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1
3 EQ
Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
Rocks are composed of minerals. Different minerals can be found in different rocks.
Ores are rocks containing minerals in economically significant levels.
(a)
What is “mineral”?
(b)
Complete the following table about metals extracted from the ore.
Ore
(i)
Metal extracted from
the ore
(1 mark)
Method for metal
extraction
Cinnabar
(ii) Haematite
(iii) Calcite
(6 marks)
(c)
Name ONE metal which is found in their pure element form in nature. (1 mark)
(d)
There are four steps to extract metal from its ore. Write down the steps in correct
order.
(4 marks)
(Total: 12 marks)
3
3
1
4 EQ
Chalk, limestone and marble all contain the same chemical.
(a)
Which of the above three minerals is the hardest?
(b)
(i)
(1 mark)
Name the common chemical present in chalk, limestone and marble.
(1 mark)
(ii)
How can you test whether the chemical in (b)(i) is present in the
materials?
(c)
(2 marks)
Chalk is under strong heating. When water is added to the solid remained after
heating, a solution is formed.
(e)
(i)
What can you observe?
(1 mark)
(ii)
State ONE use of the solution formed.
(1 mark)
Some dilute nitric acid is added to a sample of chalk.
(i)
What can you observe?
(1 mark)
(ii)
Name the gas evolved in the experiment.
(1 mark)
(iii)
Write down the word equation of the about reaction.
(1 mark)
(Total: 9 marks)
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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3
2
5 EQ
Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
There are three gas jars A, B and C containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide
without labelling. A series of tests have been performed and the results are shown
below:
Test with
Gas jar A
Gas jar B
Gas jar C
Burning splint
No observable
“pop” sound
Extinguished
change
evolved
Glowing splint
No observable
relighted
change
No observable
No observable
Lime water turned
change
change
milky
Glowing splint
Lime water
Extinguished
Identify the gas in each gas jar. Explain your answers.
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2
6 EQ
(9 marks)
The following diagram shows some reactions of four calcium compounds.
Add some
water
A
B
Strong heating
Calcium carbonate
C
Add dilute
hydrochloric
acid
(a)
Name compound A, B and C.
(b)
(i)
(3 marks)
What chemical should be added to B in order to convert it into calcium
carbonate? Write down the word equation for the conversion.
(ii)
If excess chemical mentioned in (i) is added, what can be observed?
Explain why.
(c)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
How can B be converted to C? Name the type of reaction for the conversion of
B to C.
(d)
(2 ma
What can be observed when calcium carbonate is converted to C? Write down
the word equation for the conversion.
(2 marks)
(Total: 11 marks)
Manhattan -Discovering Chemistry
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2
7 EQ
Chapter 3 Rocks and Minerals
A student performs two experiments to test a white solid X. The following diagram
shows the result.
Experiment 1
Brick red flame
Flame test
White solid X
Experiment 2
Colourless gas is evolved.
Add dilute
Hydrochloric acid
(a)
Describe how the student can carry out a flame test in the laboratory.
(b)
Explain why the flame test must be carried out with great care.
(c)
The colourless gas evolved in experiment 2 turns lime water milky.
(1 mark)
(i)
Give the chemical name of lime water.
(1 mark)
(ii)
What is the colourless gas?
(1 mark)
(iii)
Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up for testing the colourless gas with
lime water.
(d)
(3 marks)
(3 marks)
From the above result, deduce what the white solid X is.
(3 marks)
(Total: 12 marks)
4
3
1
1 EQ
Write an essay on the experimental procedures to determine whether eggshell contains
calcium carbonate.
4
3
2
1 EQ
(9 marks)
Comment on the following statement:
“The damage to many historical structures is mainly due to industrialization.”
(9 marks)
4
3
3
1 EQ
Panning can be used to extract gold, but it cannot be used to extract aluminium from
bauxite which is mainly composed of aluminium oxide. Explain the phenomenon.
(9 marks)