ELECTRONIC BUILDING
BLOCK
POWER SUPPLY
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the source of electricity for the
project
INPUT
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the input block will contain
electronic components that
give the control circuit
informaion
these components give the
control circuit the ability to
sense the outside world
o Buttons or switches
 can be used to
turn the flow of
electricity on or
off
o Temperature sensors
 adjust the amount
of resistance in a
circuit based on
the temperature
causing the
voltage to vary by
temperature
o Range finders
 has may types
 the basic idea is
the voltage that is
outputted by the
sensor varies
depending on
how close an
object is to it
o Proximity Sensor
 sensor that is
triggered when
something gets
within a certain
distance of the
sensor.
 usually either ON
or OFF
OUTPUT
contain electronic
components that do
something
give the circuit the ability to
interact with the outside world
or to do something
o motors
 allow the circuit to
turn something
like fan or wheels.
 turns electrical
power into power
that does work
o LEDs
 an LED can be
used as an
indicators to give
visual feedback to
the user. Will turn
electrical power
into light
o Speaker
 give audio
feedback to the
user.
 turn electrical
power into sound
MULTIMETER
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Volt-Ohm-Milliameter
used to measure voltage,
current and resistance
analog multimeters operate
by moving a pointer to display
the measurement
digital multimeters have LCD
and used to display exactly
the measurement is
can cost as low as $10 up to
$400 for a really nice Fluke 87V
Display, Selection Knob, Probe
Knobs
Display-show what the
measurement
selection Knob- select what
we wish to measure
Probes- Plugged into probe
ports
ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
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RESISTOR
o has specific amount of
electrical resistance that
never changes
o limits the flow of
electrons in the circuit
POTENTIOMETER
o variable resistor
o allows for the creation of
a circuit where the user
can change the
resistance
o comes in various shapes,
sizes, and values but
they all have three
connectors.
o Potentiometer has lots of
usages including audio
control, motion control
for servo motors and
control brightness of a
light
SWITCHES
o push button switches
are switches that are
activated by pressing a
button.
o microswitch is a switch
that is activated by a
light force being applied
to a lever or button on
the switch; widely used
in many household and
industrial applications
o toggle switch is
activated and
deactivated by moving
the lever to the on or off
position
TRANSISTOR
o tiny switches that can
be triggered by an
electric signal
o has three connectors;
collector, base and
emitter
o emitter should be
connected to a
common ground in the
circuit
LED
o light emitting diode
two-lead semi
conducting device that
emits light when a
certain amount of
current is passed
through
o we need to very careful
not to apply too much
current because it is
very easy to blow one.
o most led, the
recommended voltage
would be 5 volts
CAPACITOR
o comes in many shapes,
sizes and capacities
o stores and discharges
electricity similar to a
battery, except the
capacitor charges and
discharges rapdily often
in seconds or fractions of
seconds
o can be used to smooth
the flow of electricity,
filter the flow of
electricity to only allow
so much through or for a
large quick burst
electricity like a camera
flash
o care should be taken
when dealing with
capacitors to make sure
they are fully discharged
before handling them to
avoid getting an
electrical shock
INTEGRATED CIRUIT
o semiconductor that
contains thousands or
millions of tiny resistors,
transistors and
capacitors that are used
to perform certain
functions
o million different types of
IC: example is the Atmel
ATmega128
microcontroller used in
the arduino
o
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virtually all electronics
have some integrated
circuits in them
ELECTRICITY
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created when particles
become charged
particles with opposite
charges attract each other
while particles with the same
charge repel each other.
electricity is the flow of
electrons
electrical conductivity of a
metal is measured by how
easily an electron can escape
from its atom
copper, silver and gold are
some of the best conductive
materials because they have
only a single valence, or outer
shell, an electron that moves
with little resistance
oppositely charged particles
attract
Resistance
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Ohm's Law
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Current
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flow of the charged particles
(electrons)
the current is measured by the
number of charged particles
passing the point of the circuit,
that is being measured, per
second
One ampere= 6.241x10^18
electrons passing the point
being measured per second
Voltage
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the amount of the potential
energy between two points,
where one point has more
charged particles than the
other.
the difference in this charged
measured in volts
how much the flow of current
is reduced or impeded
all circuits have some
resistance from the wire and
components that make up the
circuit; however, most circuits
include resistors that add extra
resistance to the circuit. These
resistors enable to limit the flow
of charged particles within the
cricuit.
Resistance measured in Ohms
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stated that the current flowing
through a circuit is directly
proportional to the voltage
applied to the circuit.
this means that if the voltage
of the circuit increases, then
the current will also increase if
the resistance stays the same
states that current flowing
through a circuit is inversely
proportional to the resistance
of the circuit
v=ir
Power
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amount of electrical energy
transformed into another type
of energy per second
important concept because it
is what allows our electric
circuit to do something
calculated by multiplying the
voltage by the current and is
measured in watts