Cell Division & Gene Expression WS 430
Name ______________________________________
1. Name 2 different general activities of an organism that would require lots of mitotic cell division
a.
b.
2. The definition of mitosis is: ___________________________________________________
3. What bonds must be broken when DNA strands are separated to prepare for replication? ______________
4. In what organelle does transcription occur? _________________________________________
5. In what part of the cell does translation occur? _________________________________________
6. Translation of proteins or polypeptides that are
to be secreted from the cell, occurs where, specifically? _______________________________
7. Starch & glycogen are polymers made of monomers: glucose. So, what
monomer subunit molecules must be present to make transcription's product? ________________________
8. What monomer subunit molecules must be present to make translation's product? _____________________
9. T / F A replicated (duplex) chromosome is known as a dichromosome (circle correct answer)
10. T / F A somatic cell (not sperm or egg) spends a majority of its time in interphase.
11. T / F Our somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, daughter cells, after mitosis & cytokinesis, would have 23
12. DNA replicates in the _____ phase of the cell cycle, and creates ________.(circle the correct answer)
a. Mitosis / sister chromatids
c. S phase of interphase / homologous chromosomes
b. Mitosis / homologous chromosomes
d. S phase of interphase / sister chromatids
13. Name of the enzyme that replicates DNA? _____________________________________________________
14. Name of the enzyme that makes RNA from the DNA template? ___________________________________
15. What process divides the cytoplasm to make 2 separate cells after mitosis? _____________________
16. What, exactly, is the difference between a chromosome and a replicated chromosome?
17. Apply the following labels: sister chromatids; centromere (region); kinetichores
18. What common disease can arise from unregulated cell division? ________________________________
19. What is the major cell division regulation protein (tumor suppressor) that, when mutated, is the cause of, or
contributing factor to, many cancers?
Name: `
Function:
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Translation always begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon. Proteins are distinguished from
polypeptides by bonding > 50 amino acids together. This exercise uses short sequences for simplification; a
protein can be many thousands of amino acids long. Mutations may be caused by UV or X-ray radiation,
chemicals, etc.
Put slashes (/) between the triplets and codons so that you don’t lose your place as you work through the
sequences (see the 1st example). Transcribe (act like RNA polymerase) and translate (act as a ribosome would)
the sequences in the table using the codon table. Compare the resulting polypeptide sequences to the original (#1)
and answer the questions that follow. Hint: a space is not a base and don't make anything up that is not there.
Template DNA sequence
mRNA base sequence
(Transcribe)
Amino Acid sequence
(Translate)_ _________
1. TAC/TAT/AGT/CTG/TCT/ACT
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. TACTATAGCCTGTCTACT
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. TACTATAGTCTGTCGACT
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. TAC ATAGTCTGTCGACT
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. TACTATACTCTGTCTACT
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. TAACTATACTCTGTCGACT
1. Why do you think that the mutation that occurred between 1 and 2 is called a "silent" mutation?
2. Describe why insertions and deletions may alter the subsequent reading frame? (remember how the ribosome
reads) How, exactly, does it affect the resulting poly peptide after the shift?
3. What thing(s) could be inserted or deleted
between triplets or codons that would not cause a
reading frame to shift?
4. What happened to the growing peptide in #5?
5. In #6, where does the ribosome start translation?
Codon Table
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