Pg. 50
6 – CORRELATION AND EXPERIMENTATION
Name ________________
There is a correlation between efficiency and lack of redundancy.
Correlation
Correlation coefficient
Variables
Scatterplots
Graph 50: Sketch the three examples of correlations:
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Perfect positive
________________________
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No relationship
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__________________________
Perfect negative
________________________
Graph 51 (bot.): This graph shows the following correlation:
a. Perfect positive
b. Positive
c. No relationship
d. Negative
e. Perfect negative
Chart 52: This chart about correlation and causation advertises many correlations. Study the chart,
and list as many of the correlations as you can:
Now, hazard an answer, in your own words, as to what correlation does not prove causation means:
Illusory correlation
Regression toward the mean
Pic 53: Does marriage cause hair loss? Why or why not?
Experiment
Experimental group
Control group
Random assignment
Double-blind procedure
Placebo effect
Comic 55: If this person is in the control group, he will get:
a. The drug
IV
Confounding variable
DV
Validity
Graph 56: Sketch the graph on which group gets what in the example:
b. A placebo
Extra
6 - CORRELATION
Investigator ________________
Is there a correlation between the time I spend focusing on correlations and my understanding correlations? YES.
Hypothesis: Long hair causes people to have more pairs of shoes. Using the survey method, we will
determine whether there is a correlation between length of hair and number of pairs of shoes. To
collect this data, participants will measure their hair length, and then state the number of pairs of
shoes they have, and the data will be plotted on a scatterplot graph. Before continuing, however, a
survey-taker must produce an operational definition (one which holds for this particular survey so
if a similar one is conducted by researchers in the future, they will know what the original
parameters were). In this case, we must define what we are going to consider a ‘shoe’ for the
purposes of this survey. State below our operational definition of ‘a shoe’:
>20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
≤15
In the world of correlations, a perfect correlation is expressed by the number 1. A perfect inverse
correlation is expressed by -1, and a totally random, non-correlation is expressed by a 0. Our data
can best be described as:
a. random
b. positive correlation
c. inverse correlation
d. perfect positive correlation
Does the answer above prove, support or argue against our hypothesis? _______________________________
Correlation does not necessarily imply causation. In this case, what else, as in, what other factors
might be affecting the data that has rendered the results we’ve obtained?
Dear AP* Teacher,
If this assignment was helpful, it is one chapter from the Tamm’s Textbook Tools workbook for Strayer’s
4th edition, where every chapter is covered, and which is available on Amazon, Barnes and Noble,
Abebooks, Bookfinder.com and other retailers. From the Amazon description:
“5-Steps, Barron's and the others are great resources for reviewing at the end of the year, but this Tamm's
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3rd edition (2018)
(Cover: Forest walkway)
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David Tamm
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published by Bedford, Freeman & Worth. These parties were not involved in the production of, and do
not endorse, this product.
Catalog
This is the 37th publication of Tamm’s Textbook Tools. If you find it useful for yourself or for a colleague,
check out the others on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Abebooks or other retailers:
Accompanying Textbook
49. Bentley, Traditions & Encounters 6th (2020)
48. Bentley, Traditions & Encounters 6th (2020)
47. Rubenstein, The Cultural Landscape 13th
46. Rubenstein, Cultural Landscape 13th
45. Withgott, et al: Environment 6th
44. Withgott, et al: Environment 6th
43. Miller, Exploring Environmental Science 1st
42. Miller, Exploring Environmental Science 1st
41. Kennedy, American Pageant 17th
40. McLaughlin, Florida Physical Science 2019
39. Strayer, Ways of the World 4th
38. Strayer, Ways of the World 4th
37. Myers, Psychology for the AP Course 3rd
36. McKay, A History of Western Society 11th
35. Kagan, The Western Heritage 11th
34. Greene, Marine Science 3rd
33. Ellis, World History 2018
32. Ellis, World History 2018
31. Von Sivers, Patterns of World History 2nd
30. Norton, Human Geography 9th
29. Rubenstein, The Cultural Landscape 12th
28. Strayer, Ways of the World 3rd
27. Stearns, World Civilizations 7th
26. Malinowski, Human Geography 1st
25. Ellis, World History 2018
24. Bentley, Traditions & Encounters 6th
23. Rubenstein, The Cultural Landscape 11th
22. Bentley, Traditions & Encounters 5th
21. McKay, A History of Western Society 11th
20. Wilson, American Government 15th
19. Rubenstein, Cultural Landscape 12th
18. Edwards, Government in America 16th
17. Strayer, Ways of the World 3rd
16. Stearns, World Civilizations 7th
15. Henretta, America’s History 8th
14. Bailey, The American Pageant 16th
13. Bailey, The American Pageant 15th
12. Malinowski, Human Geography 1st
11. Ciccarelli, Psychology 4th
10. Brinkley, American History 15th
9. Ellis, World History 2013
8. Bentley, Traditions & Encounters 6th
7. De Blij, Human Geography, 11th
6. Rubenstein, The Cultural Landscape 11th
5. Rubenstein, The Cultural Landscape, 10th
4. Henslin, Sociology 11th
3. Myers, Psychology for AP 2nd
2. Myers, Psychology for AP 1st
1. Bentley, Traditions & Encounters 5th
Course
WORLD
WORLD
HUG
HUG
ENV
ENV
ENV
ENV
US
REG.
WORLD
WORLD
PSYCH
EURO
EURO
REG.
REG.
REG.
WORLD
HUG
HUG
WORLD
WORLD
HUG
REG.
WORLD
HUG
WORLD
EURO
GOV
HUG
GOV
WORLD
WORLD
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
HUG
PSYCH
U.S.
REG.
WORLD
HUG
HUG
HUG
REG.
PSYCH
PSYCH
WORLD
Coursepak Type
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
A – Activities, guided readings
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
A – Activities, guided readings
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
A – Activities, guided readings
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
A – Activities, guided readings
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
B – Warm ups, multimedia, homework shorts
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A– Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
A – Activities, guided readings
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© 2021 David Tamm
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