i
Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Pablo Borbon Main Campus II
Batangas City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
“Identifying of Accident Location and Rescue System”
_________________________________________________________
A Research Proposal is presented
to the faculty of Computer Engineering
Batangas State University
_________________________________________________________
In partial fulfillment of
the requirement of Research Methods
__________________________________________________________
By:
Dimaculangan, Lance Nhomer D.
Lanting, Aivan Jay G.
Macatangay, Jerick G.
Submitted To;
Engr. Elenor Reyes
May 19, 2021
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Engineering, this research study “Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”,
submitted by Dimaculangan Lance, Lanting Aivan Jay, and Macatangay Jerick is hereby
accepted.
________________________________
ENGR. Elenor Reyes
Adviser
Approved by panel on oral examination with grade of _______.
____________________
ENGR.
Chairman
_________________________________ _______________________________
ENGR.
ENGR.
Member
Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGUNEERING
_________________________
Date
___________________________
DR. JESSIE A. MONTALBO
DEAN, CEAFA
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to extent their profound thanks and gratitude to the
following persons who shared time, support and patience in fulfillment of this study.
To, Engr. Elenor Reyes, their subject professor, study adviser and also their panel
to her effort, understanding and advices in order to improve this study.
To their family and friends for their untiring love and support.
Most of all, to Almighty God who accompanied us in every step we made towards
the accomplishment of this study.
iv
DEDICATION
This modest work is heartly dedicated to our beloved parents, who have been our
source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of giving up, who continually
provide their moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support.
To our brothers, sisters, friends, classmates and to our professor who shared their words of
advice and encouragement to finish this study.
And lastly, we dedicated this book to the Almighty God, thank you for the guidance,
strength, power of mind, protection and skills and for giving us a healthy life. All of these,
we offer to you.
v
ABSTRACT
In urban areas, traffic congestion and road accidents are major issues. The large
number of deaths and injuries caused by road traffic collisions demonstrates the global
crisis in road safety. There is currently no equipment available to detect accidents.
Additionally, the time it takes for an ambulance to arrive at the accident site and the traffic
congestion between the accident site and the hospital raise the risk of a victim's death.
There is a need to implement a scheme to reduce the number of people killed in car
accidents and the time it takes for an ambulance to arrive at the hospital. To address the
shortcomings of the current system, we will introduce a new system in which an accident
is automatically detected using sensors installed in the car. The aim of this project is to
design and build an Accident Tracking Location and Rescue System that uses GPS and
GSM technology. It consists of GPS receiver, microcontroller, and GSM module
integration. The proposed device would use multiple sensors to detect the occurrence of an
accident, determine the position of the vehicle using the GPS module, and automatically
transmit emergency messages and distress signals in the event of an accident. Our device
has a GSM module that will be used to send the messages. The target respondents for this
study were divided into two groups: 1) Rescuers and 2) Drivers.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………….……………………………………………...….i
APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................................ ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... iii
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ vi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1
Objectives of the Study....................................................................................... 4
Conceptual Framework....................................................................................... 4
Scope and Delimitation of the Study .................................................................. 5
Significance of the Study.................................................................................... 6
Definition of Terms ............................................................................................ 6
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature ......................................................................................... 9
Related Literature ............................................................................................. 14
Synthesis ........................................................................................................... 19
III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Pre- Research Design........................................................................................ 23
Research Design ............................................................................................... 23
vii
Data Gathering Procedures ............................................................................... 23
Materials and Equipment .................................................................................. 24
Prototype Procedures ........................................................................................ 25
Project Description ........................................................................................... 25
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 32
APPENDICES
Cost of Material of the System ............................................................................ 35
Block Diagram of the System ............................................................................. 36
Concept Map ....................................................................................................... 37
Curriculum Vitae ................................................................................................. 38
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
Title
Page No.
1
Cost of Materials of the System…………………………………….23
2
Different Views and Dimension of the System……………………..27
3
Different Views and Dimension of Vibration Sensor ………………28
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No.
Title
Page No.
1
Research Paradigm of the Study …………………………………....5
2
Tracking using Google Maps ………………………………………11
3
Vehicle Tracking System …………………………………………..15
4
System Architecture ……………………………………………....18
5
Position of Vibration Sensor on Vehicle …………………………...25
6
Project System Design ……………………………………………...25
7
Design of Vibration Sensor
8
Block diagram of the System ………………………………………29
9
Presents the Chronological Process of the System………………….30
………………………………………26
1
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The vehicle tracking system is a total security and fleet management solution. It is
the technology used to determine the location of a vehicle using different methods like GPS
and other navigation system operating via satellite and ground-based stations. Modern
vehicle tracking system uses GPS technology to monitor and locate our vehicle anywhere
on earth, but sometimes different types of automatic vehicle location technology are also
used. The vehicle tracking system is fitted inside the car that provides location and the data
can even be stored and downloaded to a computer which can be used for analysis in future.
This system is an essential device for tracking car any time the owner wants to monitor it
and today it is extremely popular among people having expensive cars, used as theft
prevention and recovery of the stolen car. The data collected can be viewed via SMS
[receiving the position coordinate} or on electronic maps via internet and software.
However, the high demand of vehicles has also increased the traffic hazards and the road
accidents.
Accidents may happen anytime. As a matter of Fact, since the development of
automobile as a mode of transportation has increased over the past decades, it has been an
important part of our daily lives. However, it also brought disaster to many families. The
World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there are about 1.24 million casualties
and 50 million injuries related to automobiles accidents. In 2010, traffic accident ranked
8th as cause of death worldwide (Aldegheishem et al., 2018) but just after 2 years, it ranked
5th which makes it a bothersome problem worldwide (Ganeshkumar & Gokulakrishnan,
2015). Road traffic death rate is highest in Africa with a ratio of 26.6 deaths per 100,000
population, followed by South East Asia with a ratio of 20.7 deaths in every 100,000
population (World Health Organization, 2018). According to an article from ABS-CBN
News, more than 10,000 die annually in Philippines alone due to road crashes of which the
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: The Problem and
Its Background
affected age group is teenagers, ranges from 20-24 (Reformina, 2018). The most obvious
reason of a person's death during accidents is the unavailability of the first aid provision
due to the delay in accessing the exact information of the accident location. The trivial
reasons of unavailability of prompt onsite medical assistance are late reporting of accident,
incorrect geographic location, and unreliable mobile application due to malfunctioning of
smartphone. The typical scenario is eyewitnesses do not notify hospital and police while
an accident takes place. Moreover, accidents occur on highways, vehicles passing the
accident location generally ignore their responsibility to notify hospital and police. Life of
the people is under high risk. This is because of the lack of best emergency facilities
available in our country.
With these alarming vehicle-related death cases, it is important to have an effective
emergency protocol to rescue victims. Automobile manufacturers have taken the initiative
to develop both active and passive systems that are embedded to the manufactured
vehicles to reduce road accidents (Fogue et al., 2012). Even with the efforts of government
and non-government institutions to somewhat solve these problems, accident may happen
no matter what. But lives could have been saved if the information related to the accident
is reported on time (Amin et al., 2012). Assisting those who are injured in an accident is
vital, because it can either cause further damage to their health or it can save their lives. As
a matter of fact, poor implementation of rescue teams during these kinds of emergency can
increase high number of traffic fatalities and even death (Wei & Hanbo, 2011). Rescue
operation must be fast and efficient to increase the survival rate of those involved in the
accident (Fogue etal., 2012).
Sadly, there are only 109 countries around the world who have an accessible
telephone numbers intended for this service, (World Health Organization, 2018). Literature
review revealed that as of the writing of this research, there is no published paper nor
developed device in Asian Countries that automatically notifies the police and emergency
response team once an accident occurred. As it is done manually there is loss of life in
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: The Problem and
Its Background
golden hours. The accident victim is dependent on the mercy of others to rush him to
hospital. Many a times an accident goes unnoticed for hours before help comes in. Due to
all these factors, there is a high rate of mortality of the accident victims. In addition to this
there is delay in the ambulance reaching the hospital due to the traffic congestion between
accident location and hospital which increases the chances of the death of victim.
Emergency response time is extremely vital when it involves incidents involving vehicle
accidents. Analysis shows that if we decrease just 1-minute in accident response time that
can increase chances of saving an individual’s life up to six percent. In order to reduce
response time, implementation of enhanced traffic technologies would be necessary, which
will help scale back response time and therefore reduce fatalities.
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a solution to the mentioned
problem
by developing a device that will automatically notify the police office or
hospital’s emergency once an accident occurred. Automated searching GPS (Global
Positioning System) and rescue system that can navigate anywhere to search for accidents
location and transfer critical field data back to the console has gained much interest among
us researchers. The detection system would help reduce fatalities due to vehicle accidents
by decreasing the response time of emergency services. In response to this need, a lowcost innovative GPS system has been proposed. The device will use vibration shock sensor
and two modules (GSM and GPS). This GPS and GSM module will be installed to a vehicle
having its own system. So, when the sensor is triggered, it will automatically send the
signal to the nearest hospital or police station and the rescue level will be depending on the
impact. This paper introduces the design of a low-cost GPS (Global Positioning System)
search and rescue system. Design and development of the physical prototype and its system
are described in this paper.
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: The Problem and
Its Background
Objectives of the Study
This study aims to design a system that can locate the accident that occurred on
roads in real time. To make the study possible, the proponents aim to achieve the following
objectives:

Prompt a smart system that track the occurred accident and have rescue
immediately by using GPS and GSM module.

To design an effective and smart way of tracking accident location

To create a system which can locate and respond immediately to the occurred
accident.

Explore the capabilities and application of GPS and GSM module.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this study used the Input-Process-Output model to
present a simple overview of this research study. The focus of this study was on the design
of rescue system that would be used to track the location of the accident.
From Figure 1, different variables and knowledge needed about the concept of the
rescue system were laid out to the input stage of the framework such as the important
knowledge or information to the proposed research project and also the hardware and
software component that will help to achieve the main goal and objectives of the study.
The process stage included the design of the system and the flow on how the system
will work. This stage also included the preliminary testing that will determine the operating
test for sensor and emergency hotline numbers. During the performance testing, the
accuracy of GSM module and functionality of GPS module were being tested. Lastly, the
Final testing, this was done by initializing the whole process of a system.
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
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Chapter I: The Problem and
Its Background
Automated GPS system with GSM module and vibration sensor would then be
developed. It would be used to track the location of the accident and send the coordinates
of the location to respond the rescue members in right time, and it was accomplished in the
output stage.



INPUT
PROCESS
Knowledge
Requirements:
System Design:
Process and
getting
information
about tracking
the location of
the accident
GPS and GSM
module
Vibration Sensor
Hardware Requirements:


Android Mobile
Device


Operating the
Emergency Hotline
Numbers

Operating Sensors
Automated GPS
system with GSM
module and
vibration sensor.
Performance Testing:

Functionality of
GPS module

Accuracy of GSM
Module on
Sending Message
System
components
Sketch up
Process and flow
on how the system
will work
Preliminary Testing:
Implement
Software Requirements

OUTPUT

Initializing and
testing the whole
system
Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study will be focus on design and development of an accident tracking location
system for vehicle that aimed to help the driver and passengers to save their lives by getting
the rescue in right time when the unexpected accident occurred. In this study, it includes
the 3D design of the project. The development of the design project will consider to use
the software application which is sketch up to visualize the design of the system. The
system used GSM and GPS module that works to navigate and send a message via SMS of
the exact location to the emergency hotline where the accident took place. This system is
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: The Problem and
Its Background
limited only for the four-wheeled cars and not for motors because there is different concept
of system that works for motors only.
Significance of the Study
This study was reliable and would be greatly beneficial to different concerned
people or groups as this would serve as a basis for many studies related to the usage of GPS
and application and innovation of a system which can locate and respond to the location of
the accident.
To the drivers and passengers, this study will serve as another way of protection
and security in the event of an accidents as it will help to quickly provide information to
hospitals and policemen for faster rescue.
To the policemen and healthcare workers, this study will serve as a great help for
quickly responding and locating accidents occurring in the specific area. With the help of
this, if there is a quick response or action, the presence of long traffic will be avoided.
To the future researchers, this study would act as a basis for future related studies
as well as a guide for a better and improved design or developed study.
To the researchers, this study would help them to gain more knowledge that would
enhance their abilities and skills in their chosen field of specialization.
Definition of Terms
Presented herein are the terminologies defined for the readers to understand their
meanings as used in the study. The terms are as follows:
Arduino. An open-source system for constructing electronic projects. It consists of
a physical programmable circuit board known as a microcontroller and computer software
known as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that is used to write and upload
computer code to the physical board. (Ben, 2011)
In this study the device used an Arduino which acts as the controller for the other
module to operate to their designated functions. It is the brain of the device where all output
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: The Problem and
Its Background
that must be done is processed by this microcontroller. You can tell what to do by sending
a set of instructions to the microcontroller and it will execute the program that are stored
with this microcontroller.
Global Positioning System (GPS). A navigation system for air, sea, and land
travel that uses satellites, a receiver, and algorithms to synchronize location, velocity,
and time data. (Team, 2021)
The system in this study used the Global Positioning System (GPS) which is
connected to the satellites in order to track and locate the location of the vehicle in terms
of accidents. The GPS receiver or GPS module is placed on the vehicle. When an
accident occurs, through this GPS, this will provide reliable information to determine
and track the exact location of the vehicle through coordinates. The information which
represents the exact location will be sent to the emergency responders such as in police
or in hospitals.
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Module. A chip or circuit
that is used to establish communication between a mobile device or a computing
machine and a GSM system. It uses GSM mobile telephone technology to provide a data
link to a remote network. (GSM, 2020)
The GSM system used in this study serves as a means of communication. When an
accident occurs, the GSM module can communicate or send information to emergency
responders such as police or hospitals about the accident's location. This system will help
emergency responders to immediately react and rescue with that accident.
Short Message Service (SMS). A communication service standardized in the
GSM mobile communication system, which moves 140 octets (8-bit bytes) of data per
message. It is a text messaging service component of most telephone, Internet, and mobile
device systems that uses standardized communication protocols allowing the interchange
of short text messages. (SMS, 2015)
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
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Chapter I: The Problem and
Its Background
In this study, SMS will play an important role because the information in vehicle’s
accidents will be sent through this SMS. With this SMS, emergency responders can
respond quickly to the accidents.
Vibration sensor. A device that measures the level and frequency of vibration in a
given system, device, or piece of equipment. Those measurements can be used to detect
imbalances or other issues in the asset and predict potential breakdowns and failures.
(CMMS, 2019)
The vibration sensor used in this study detects vehicle vibration or collision impact.
The microcontroller will be alerted if the impact exceeds a given limit for the vibration
sensor, and GSM and GPS systems will alert the police or hospital to react or rescue for
that accident. Vibration sensor also play an important role in this study because it will
determine what kind of emergency should respond, either policemen or ambulance or both.
9
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presented the conceptual literature, and related literature that will be
fundamental in the pursuance of the research study.
Conceptual Literature
Application of GPS and GSM Modem in Tracking System
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite, receiving and algorithm-based
navigation system for synchronization of location, time and velocity data for air, marine
and land transportation. For companies and organizations in many different sectors, GPS
is a strong and trustworthy instrument. Surveyors, scientists, pilots, boat captains, primary
respondents and farm workers are those who use GPS every day for work. They use GPS
information to produce accurate maps and surveys, calculate accurate time, and monitor
location and navigation (Team, 2020).
As Wang S. (2020) stated, Global Positioning System GPS is used in vehicles for
both tracking and navigation. Tracking systems enable a base station to keep track of the
vehicles without the intervention of the driver where, as the navigation system helps the
driver to reach the destination. Rajkiran A. and Anusha M. (2014), with this GPS receiver,
the system will provide reliable location and time. GPS provides accurate location and time
information for an unlimited number of people in all weather, day and night, anywhere in
the world.
A GPS tracking system can work in a variety of ways. It may be installed in a car,
on a cellphone, or on specialized devices that can be stationary or portable. It can monitor
and record a vehicle or a person's movement. Furthermore, GPS transmits special satellite
signals that are decoded by a receiver. The GPS receiver can also calculate velocity and
time, in addition to tracking the exact location (Bertagna 2010).
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
However, based on the Microtronics Technologies (2013), in the GPS tracking
system, the location of the vehicle is sent to a remote place which is done by GSM modem.
According to Wikipedia, GSM modem or GSM module is a hardware device that uses
GSM mobile telephone technology to provide a data link to a remote network. They are
basically the same as a regular phone which are capable of receiving and sending data. In
addition, a GSM modem is an interface which can communicate through a network with
either a cell phone or a modem device to make a computer or some other processor. This
requires to operate a SIM card and runs across a network range that a network operator can
subscribe to. It can be connected through a serial, USB or Bluetooth link to a device.
Transaction terminals, supply chain management, security applications, weather stations,
and GPRS mode remote data logging are only a few of the applications for the GSM
modem. (ElProCus, 2020)
As stated by Hirons (2015), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is
not a method for Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) but it is used as an Event Activated
Tracking System (EATS). Like for example when a thief breaks into the car and attempts
to steal it, the tracking system can be triggered by the immobilizer unit or the motion sensor
can be activated. A monitoring system will then be automatically informed that the unit
has been triggered and begin tracking the vehicle.
Meanwhile, according to Karankraj (2020), GPS and GSM-based vehicle tracking
systems are commonly used to keep track of vehicles, with the microcontroller serving as
the primary component. To ensure two-way communication, this system substitutes a GSM
modem for one of the GPS systems. The GSM modem and SIM card combination use the
same technique as a regular mobile phone to enforce the tracking method. This system can
be fixed or placed in any corner of a vehicle or costly piece of equipment that requires
safety.
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
Tracking the Location of the Vehicle
The GPS technology allows the owner of the vehicle to pinpoint the location
of his vehicle that has been enabled for tracking and monitored through a PC, Smart Phone
or a personal tracking device. In the design project of Mendoza
O.
(2017)
“Microcontroller-based Vehicle Security System with Tracking Capability using GSM and
GPS Technologies” the device will send an SMS message to the preferred receiver. Part of
the SMS message is composed of latitude and longitude coordinate values, Example: LAT:
13.52.9088 LONG: 120.54.5848. This follows the format of degrees minute. In order to
get the exact degree value, minute value should be divided by 60, as 1 degree =
60min. So, for the particular example, The LAT:13.52.9088 is LAT:13.881813 and the
LONG:
120.54.5848
is LONG:120.90808 which gives the exact place of the motor
vehicle. Online data communication or the Internet is required to use the features
of the project. The device to be used in tracking should be supported by an active internet
connection. The location of the vehicle can easily be seen using Google maps, Google
Earth and other website place finder using latitudes and longitudes values.
Figure 2. Tracking using Google Maps
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
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Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
Importance of GPS and GSM Module in Tracking Accidents
Vehicle accidents are among the leading causes of fatalities. If individuals do not
receive help in a timely manner, the consequences can be serious. Poor emergency response
may be a significant contributor to our country's high death rate.
According to Iqbal and Kousar (2015), in case of an accident, the device will send
an alert message along with location data from GPS module to control station using GSM
network. It is a comprehensive and effective solution to the poor rescue response in case
of an accident. The accident reporting can automatically find a traffic accident, search for
the spot and then send the basic information to the rescue agency covering geographical
coordinates and the time and circumstances in which a traffic accident took place.
Chourasia, Choubey, and Verma (2020), when an accident will happen, the location
of the accident is detected by a GPS module and an alert message will be sent with location
via GSM module to the registered mobile numbers. This alert message will help in giving
quick assistance to the victim. The response time of the proposed device is too little, it
implies when the vehicle meets mishap, within a couple of moments the message is
transmitted, hence helps in saving the lives of a large number of people. Tiwari et al. (2015)
stated that it will be easy to provide the victim with the quick medical aid even in hilly
areas, national highways or in remote areas where it is very difficult to locate an accident
spot.
The system will provide an optimum solution to this drawback. Microcontroller
sends the alert message through the GSM modem including the location of both the police
control room or a rescue team. So, the police can immediately trace the location through
the GPS modem, after receiving the information. Then after conforming the location
necessary action will be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no
serious threat to anyone's life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a
switch provided in order to avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team
(Radhakrihnan, 2018).
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
Benefits of Having Accident Tracking System
Tiwari et al. (2015) stated that government can make this device as a mandatory
safety measure to be opted by every vehicle manufacturer which will solve this problem
more efficiently. Hence, this device acts like an enhancement to the vehicle’s capability
and makes the user more secured in today’s scenario which is full of increasing death rate
in road accidents caused due to lack of immediate medical help on the spot of the accident.
Its low and affordable cost makes it economically feasible.
Based on “Arrive and Alive” (2012) developed by Netsted, insurance companies
often offer discounts to companies who implement a GPS vehicle tracking system. This is
not only because it encourages safer driving, but also helps recovery if thefts do
occur. Other benefits are:

Improved health and safety - knowing the location of a worker’s vehicle can be of
significant benefit if that person were to require immediate attention when
something bad happened occurred.

Emergency Assistance - vehicle tracking software will be able to provide accurate
information of your car's whereabouts. In an emergency situation, this will enable
instant access to receive medical or emergency assistance to avoid losing lives.
Vehicle tracking is important technology for the safety not only of fleets of vehicles
but also for the ordinary driver. This is to become even more important for road safety as
the technology becomes increasingly accessible and inexpensive.
In addition, as stated by Rakesh (2014), vehicle tracking systems primarily benefit
companies that depend on transportation systems. Since it can display the location of all
vehicles in real time, they can generate the expected data. These tracking systems will save
all of the information about where the vehicle traveled, where it stopped, and how long it
took at each stop, as well as perform comprehensive data analysis. It's also used in buses
and trains to determine how far they've traveled and how long it'll take them to arrive at a
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Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
certain station. These systems are used for data collection, storage, analysis, and
transmission.
Moreover, accident tracking systems in the workplace enable workers to collect,
manage, analyze, and respond to detailed incident data more effectively, giving them a
proactive advantage in workplace safety. Such systems allow users to see something and
say something, reporting new incidents from any web-enabled computer, at any time and
from anywhere. Control of all incident data in one easy online system, incident report
investigation and management in real time from anywhere, and notifications to alert
workers and staff so they can keep on track are only a few of the benefits of this accident
tracking system (Zambito, 2018).
Furthermore, the high demand of automobiles has also increased the traffic hazards
and the road accidents. Life of the people is under high risk. This is because of the lack of
best emergency facilities available in our country. An automatic alarm device for vehicle
accidents is introduced in this project. This design is a system which can detect accidents
in significantly less time and sends the basic information to the first aid center within a few
seconds covering geographical coordinates, the time and angle in which a vehicle accident
had occurred. This alert message is sent to the rescue team in a short time, which will help
in saving the valuable lives (Radhakrihnan, 2018).
Related Literature
Concept Overview of Vehicle tracking System
This vehicle tracking system takes input from GPS and sends it through the GSM
module to desired mobile/laptop using mobile communication. Vehicle Tracking System
is one of the biggest technological advancements to track the activities of the vehicle. The
security system uses Global Positioning System GPS, to find the location of the monitored
or tracked vehicle and then uses satellite or radio systems to send the coordinates and the
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Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
location data to the monitoring center. At the monitoring center various software’s are used
to plot the Vehicle on a map. In this way the Vehicle owners are able to track their vehicle
on a real-time basis. Due to real-time tracking facilities, vehicle tracking systems are
becoming increasingly popular among owners of expensive vehicles, (Rakesh, 2014).
Figure 3. Vehicle Tracking System
In the study conducted by Almomani et al. (2011), they used a web server, SMS
server, GPRS server, database, and GSM modem in the proposed GPS vehicle tracking
system. The client's application interface is represented by the web server. This receives
HTTP requests from both mobile and Web applications. Meanwhile, SMS servers send
commands to the GPS device and receive requests from the web server. In General Packet
Radio Service (GPRS), this listens to the incoming data from a GPS device attached to the
car. The data includes the periodic tracking reports and event notifications that will be
forwarded to SMS servers. GRPS includes providing maps to show the user’s vehicle
location, detailed reports, and alerts. However, the database stores all the information of
the vehicles such as reports, alerts, etc. Lastly, GSM modem which is used for sending and
receiving SMS messages like mobile phones.
Lee et al. (2014) introduced the vehicle tracking system design and implementation
using the GPS/GSM/GPRS Technology and smartphone applications. A unique ID and
password is assigned to every vehicle in the system. The GPS module is used by the system
to obtain coordinates at regular time intervals. The location of the vehicle is stored in a
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Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
database using a GPRS Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) connection. Since this database is accessed through a smartphone,
monitoring occurs. The database can also be accessed at predetermined intervals by
sending a track position SMS through GSM module.
Mendoza (2015) carried out a study on a Microcontroller-Based Vehicle Security
System with Tracking Capability Using GSM and GPS technology. This system can be
used to improve vehicle security by tracking the location of a stolen vehicle and helping
authorities in obtaining credible evidence that the vehicle has been stolen. GSM and GPS
technologies were used in this study, which included the use of a receiver module, GSM
module, and microcontroller. A vibration sensor that senses vehicle movement was also
used, as well as a buzzer that sounds an alarm when the sensors are triggered. This device
also has the ability to track the position of the vehicle using a GPS receiver that provides
data to the location in the form of coordinates.
Aranas et.al (2018) conducted a study entitled “GPS and GSM Based Vehicle
Tracking System” which continuously monitors a moving vehicle and reports its status
demand. In this system, Arduino Mega 2560 is interfaced serially to a GSM modem and
GPS receiver. GSM modem is used to continuously send vehicle's position from remote
place, while GPS modem is used for navigation system which continuously give the data
like longitude, latitude, speed, etc. When a user sends an SMS request to the modem's
number, the device automatically sends a response via SMS indicating the vehicle's
position in terms of latitude, longitude, and connection to the site.
In the study conducted by Calafate et al. (2011), they developed a system which
used Android smart-phones and ODB-II connection in a vehicle. When the system detects
an accident, it sends an SMS to the emergency contacts specified by the user, which
includes information about the accident as well as an automated call to the emergency
services. All modern vehicles are equipped with an ODB-II connection, which transmits
data about the vehicle in real time, such as acceleration, oil pressure, and speed.
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Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
At the University of Baghdad in Iraq, Ali and Alwan (2015) developed a system
that used an accelerometer, GPS, and microphone to detect accidents. When an accident is
detected, an alert message is sent to the web server, as well as an SMS to the emergency
contacts. The emergency responders must access the web server to know about the
accident. The sensors and hardware used by the algorithm were used by their system. The
main problem with this system is that the notifications are sent to a web server, and
responders must check the web server for accident notifications. Also, there is no system
for individual responders who respond to an emergency to track the victim's location, and
the system lacks the functionality to send emergency notifications to the nearest emergency
center if there are several emergency centers.
Thakur et al. (2018) proposed a system not only on accident detection but also
sending notifications to the nearest hospital, police station and other emergency contacts.
Accidents are detected using three sensors like an accelerometer, force resistive sensor, and
gyroscope. These sensors are part of an integrated device that includes an Arduino and a
bluetooth module. Using the Accident detection algorithm, the smartphone determines
whether or not an accident has occurred. When an accident is detected, an alert is sent to
the nearest hospital, police station, and emergency contacts along with the GPS
coordinates, blood group, and vehicle plate number. In order to reduce false positives, an
alarm system has been also included as soon as an accident is detected. If the driver is safe,
he or she can deactivate the alarm and cancel the message's transmission. The alarm rings
for about 30 seconds before immediately relaying the alert to emergency personnel and
contacts.
Prabha et al. (2014) developed an Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and
Messaging System Using GSM and GPS Modem. The GPS constantly saves the
coordinates of the vehicle's position in a database. This study focused on accident detection
using a vibration sensor. If the accident isn't too serious, the driver can use the system's
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Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
push button to stop the system from transmitting the accident warning message. The GSM
sends a message to the cell phone number if the push button is not pressed.
Priyanga et al. (2014) proposed a study about Sensor based Accident Detection and
Prevention Technology which contain a number of sensors that detect the vehicle’s speed.
In this system, if the speed exceeds a certain threshold, the microcontroller is notified, and
the engine speed is automatically decreased. The sensors used are ultrasonic and alcohol
sensor. Also, the glass breakage sensor and an accelerometer are used in accident location.
When an accident occurs, the GSM and GPS systems notify the cell phone number with
the location.
Adelabu (2017) design the The Accident Alert and Tracking System is the system
which track vehicle current location using global positioning system (GPS). This product
gives the live updates of accidental vehicle with their location details. It ensures the vehicle
which has got accident to send location details to web server located at emergency
ambulance center further that location details of accidental vehicle send to nearby
ambulance as well as display it on map. As per the system architecture, Accident Alert
and Tracking System is working same as follows. When the accident will be
occurred, then the system will direct send the accident alert message along with location
details of the accidental vehicle to emergency dispatch sever further it will send that alert
message to the nearby ambulance so that it will go to that location. By using system like
this we can decrease the mortality rate which is led by accident.
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Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
Figure 4. System Architecture
Synthesis
After gathering and reading the related literature and studies thoroughly, the
researchers found out that the current study has similarities and differences to the other
previous studies conducted.
The study of Almomani et al., entitled “Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and
Management System”, uses web server, SMS server, GPRS server, database, and GSM
modem in the proposed GPS vehicle tracking system. SMS server sends commands to the
GPS device and receives requests from the web server. General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS) listens to the reports and event notifications that will be forwarded to SMS servers.
Likewise, the study of Lee et al. (2014), entitled “Design and Implementation of Vehicle
Tracking System Using GPS/GSM/GPRS Technology and Smartphone Application”, have
a unique ID and password which is assigned to every vehicle in the system. The GPS
module is used by the system to obtain coordinates at regular time intervals. The location
of the vehicle is stored in a database using a GPRS Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection. This database is accessed through a
20
“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
smartphone and can also be accessed at predetermined intervals by sending a track position
SMS through GSM module.
On the other hand, the study of Mendoza (2015) and Aranas et al. (2018) entitled
"Microcontroller-Based Vehicle Security System with Tracking Capability Using GSM
and GPS technology” and “GPS and GSM Based Vehicle Tracking System”, respectively,
both used the GSM and GPS technology to improve vehicle security by tracking the
location of the vehicle when it was stolen. Specifically, they used GPS receiver and GSM
modem, with the use of a microcontroller such as Arduino, to locate and send data like
directions, speed, distance, etc. via SMS in able to track the position and location of the
vehicle.
However, the study of Calafate et al. (2011), entitled “Providing Accident
Detection in Vehicular Networks through OBD-II Devices and Android-based
Smartphones”, sends an SMS to the emergency contacts specified by the user when the
system detects an accident, which includes information about the accident as well as an
automated call to the emergency services. ODB-II connection transmits data about the
vehicle in real time, such as acceleration, oil pressure, and speed.
In addition, the study of Rakesh (2014), entitled “Vehicle Tracking and Accident
Alert System”, takes input from GPS and sends it through the GSM module to desired
mobile/laptop using mobile communication. The security system uses Global Positioning
System GPS to find the location of the monitored or tracked vehicle and then uses satellite
or radio systems to send the coordinates and the location data to the monitoring center. At
the monitoring center various software’s are used to plot the Vehicle on a map. In this way,
the vehicle owners are able to track their vehicle on a real-time basis. In relation to that,the
study of Iraq, Ali and Alwan (2015), entitled “Car Accident Detection and Notification
System Using Smartphones”, used an accelerometer, GPS, and microphone to detect
accidents. When an accident is detected, an alert message is sent to the web server, as well
as an SMS to the emergency contacts. The emergency responders must access the web
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
server to know about the accident. The sensors and hardware used by the algorithm were
used by their system.
Moreover, the study of Priyanga et. al (2014), entitled “Sensor based Accident
Detection and Prevention Technology'', contain a number of sensors that detect the
vehicle’s speed such as ultrasonic and alcohol sensors. In this system, if the speed exceeds
a certain threshold, the microcontroller is notified, and the engine speed is automatically
decreased. When an accident occurs, the GSM and GPS systems notify the cell phone
number with the location.
The study of Thakur et al. (2018), entitled “Automatic Accident Detection and
Notification System”, used three sensors like an accelerometer, force resistive sensor, and
gyroscope in detecting accidents. These sensors are part of an integrated device that
includes an Arduino and a bluetooth module. Their system not only focuses on accidents
detection but also sending notifications to the nearest hospital, police station and other
emergency contacts. An alarm system has been also included in order to reduce false
positives. Likewise, the study of Prabha et al. (2014), entitled “Automatic Vehicle Accident
Detection and Messaging System Using GSM and GPS Modem”, focused on accident
detection using a vibration sensor. If the accident isn't too serious, the driver can use the
system's push button to stop the system from transmitting the accident warning message.
The GSM sends a message to the cell phone number if the push button is not pressed.
The similarities of the previous studies to the present study is that GPS and GSM
modules will be used in tracking and sending messages via SMS containing the precise
location of the accident to the emergency hotline where the accident occurs. Also, the use
of vibration sensors will be used to determine the impact of the accident. If the impact
reaches a specified limit, the microcontroller will be notified and GSM and GPS systems
will notify the police or hospital to respond or rescue with that accident. Meanwhile, the
limitation of this study in comparison to previous studies is that it is only for four-wheeled
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Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter I: Review of Related
Literature
cars and not for motors since there is a particular system concept that works only for
motors.
The literature presented offers stronger input to fully understand and accomplish
the development of the proposed system for identifying and responding to accidents.
23
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
The research design and research procedures for Identifying Accident Location and
Rescue System will be presented in this chapter. In addition, this chapter serves as a
comprehensive overview for the researchers on how to conduct this research.
Pre- Research Design
The researchers gathered data and studies in order to gain a better and
clear understanding of their study and to identify the most significant factors for designing
a system for accident locations and rescuing. In addition, the researchers gathered
information from a variety of sources relevant to their studies. They were also able to gather
information on the GPS and GSM module implementations, as well as their importance,
advantages, and other relevant information.
After gathering all of the data, the researchers were able to compare and contrast
various related studies in order to improve the study's development, and they only chose
the most important and relevant information. Having the desired information, the
researchers would begin the strategic planning in designing and developing the system of
this research.
Research Design
This is the actual construction guide, process and flow on how the system will work.
This includes the preliminary design of the system which the proponents used a sketch up
software to illustrate the detailed design of the system, interpretation of data and
information gathered, planning and proper selection of materials, and the operation of its
components to meet the desired output.
Data Gathering Procedures
This study is a research innovation and creation that includes the engineering
planning, design, and simulation about identifying location accident and rescuing system.
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
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Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
The focus of the study is on how accidents are located and how the emergency responders
can respond immediately.
The researchers consulted on web-based and document review, based on public
records that are conducive in data gathering. Through a thorough reading from the articles,
journals, conferences and theses, researchers have gathered appropriate and reliable
information and have obtained an effective and sufficient studies to evaluate the possible
important factors that can contribute to the system design. The experimental testing
approach was used by the researchers in order to assess the system's outcome.
Materials and Equipment
In order to create a method for locating accident locations and rescuing systems,
the researchers plan and use the following materials and equipment.
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Part’s Name
Arduino Uno
GPS receiver
GSM module
Vibration Sensor
9V Battery
Plastic Enclosure
Box
200x120x55mm
Screw
LED
Switch
USB Connector
SIM Card
Wires and Cables
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
Cost
599.00
350.00
650.00
150.00
89.00
1
418.50
12
1
1
1
1
5 Meters
120.00
15.00
48.00
80.00
30.00
200.00
Total: Php 2749.50
Table 1. Cost of Materials of the System
The materials and equipment utilized in this study are listed in Table 3.1. The
Arduino Uno serves as the controller for the other module to operate the designated
functions. Meanwhile, a GPS receiver and GSM module were utilized to track and transmit
information on the accident's exact position using coordinates. The vibration sensor, on the
other hand, was employed to detect vehicle vibration or crash impact.
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Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
Prototype Procedures
The following will be followed in project development of an identifying location
and rescue system. The process will be discussed in this section.
First, prepare all the necessary materials and equipment needed in this project,
make sure that all electrical equipment is being tested and replace the damage equipment
to avoid electrical accident. After that, connect the materials that are needed to be
connected in Arduino Uno such as GPS, GSM module, and Vibration shock sensor. Check
if the connections are in right pins because it may ruin the circuit once that one of the
materials are being connected to the wrong ones. Check the system if every component of
it is running properly especially the GPS and GSM module before starting to make a case
for it. The battery that will be supply the entire circuit is from 9V battery. Then once the
connection is finished and the function of each component were tested, start making the
case of the project. The design and size of the case will be constructed base on the 3D
structure given by the proponents. At the enclosure box, make some holes for the passage
of the cords and wires for the connection of sensor that will be placed outside of the box.
Once finishing the case, carefully put the components inside to not ruin the connection and
fixed it to not being shaken once the system are being placed inside the car. Lastly, finalized
the design of the system.
Project Description
Accident location and rescue system will help the driver and passenger of the
vehicle when there is a sudden accident by giving the exact location where the accident
occurred to allow early response and rescue the accident victims. The system will work
when the vibration sensor triggered and there are two ways to trigger the sensor, first is
when there is a sideswipe collision or light accident that gives scratch or light damage to
the other car and the system will give information to the police hotline, last is when there
is a head-on crash that gives major damage to both cars, the system will give information
both emergency and police hotline.
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Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
The main system will be placed under front dash of the car and the sensors will be
placed two on the front bumper and another two at the rear side of the car. The figure below
shows the position of the system and sensors in the car.
Figure 5. Position of Vibration Sensor on Vehicle
Project Design
Figure below shows the design of the system which composed of 150mm x 120mm
x 50mm enclosure box. The core components of the project were placed inside the box and
from the outside you can see the antenna for GMS module, switch for the battery, and
Arduino port. While of figure 3 which shows the design of vibration sensor that has wire
connected to the system.
Figure 6. Project System Design
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
Dimaculangan, L. N. D., Lanting, A. J. G., Macatangay, J. G.
Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
Figure 7. Design of Vibration Sensor
Project Casing
The Table below presented the four different types of view, front, back, side, and
top view. It also indicated the detailed measurement of the casing to fully understand the
procedure when doing it in actual.
FRONT VIEW
BACK VIEW
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Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
Table 2. Different Views and Dimension of the System
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Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
FRONT VIEW
BACK VIEW
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
Table 3. Different Views and Dimension of Vibration sensor
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“Identifying Accident Location and Rescue System”
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Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
Block Diagram
Power Supply
GPS
GSM Modem
Arduino
Microcontroller
Mobile
Phone
Vibration Sensor
Figure 8. Block diagram of the System
The block diagram of Accident Location and Rescue System was shown on figure
2. It shows the relationship of each hardware components of the system. Arduino
Microcontroller serves as the soul of the entire system because the purpose of it is to
communicate with the electronic devices on how they will act in the entire process. Power
supply, GPS, and Vibration sensor serves as the input part of the system and gives the
information to the microcontroller then the GSM will serve as the output of the system that
send the information that being gathered from the input part of the system.
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Chapter 3: Research Design and
Methodology
Flow Chart
This section presented a visual flow on how the process works and connection of
the system algorithm.
START
Initialization of
GPS and GSM
Waiting for
Accident
Accident
Detected
Vibration Sensor
Triggered
GPS Get the Exact
Location and GPS
Send SMS to
Yes
Major
Damage
No
Police
Hotline
Emergency
and Police
Hotline
Responder Reach the
Destination to Provide
Assistance
STOP
Figure 9. Presents the Chronological Process of the System
32
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35
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Item No.
Part’s Name
Quantity
Cost
1
Arduino Uno
1
599.00
2
GPS receiver
1
350.00
3
GSM module
1
650.00
4
Vibration Sensor
1
150.00
5
9V Battery
1
89.00
1
418.50
Plastic Enclosure
7
Box
200x120x55mm
8
Screw
12
120.00
9
LED
1
15.00
10
Switch
1
48.00
11
USB Connector
1
80.00
12
SIM Card
1
30.00
13
Wires and Cables
5 Meters
200.00
Total: Php 2949.50
Table 1. Cost of Material of the System
36
APPENDIX B
Power Supply
GPS
GSM Modem
Arduino
Microcontroller
Mobile
Phone
Vibration Sensor
Figure 8. Block diagram of the System
37
APPENDIX C
START
Initialization of
GPS and GSM
Waiting for
Accident
Accident
Detected
Vibration Sensor
Triggered
GPS Get the Exact
Location and GPS
Send SMS to
Major
Damage
Yes
No
Police
Hotline
Emergency
and Police
Hotline
Responder Reach the
Destination to Provide
Assistance
STOP
Figure 9. Presents the Chronological Process of the System
38
APPENDIX D
CURRICULUM VITAE
Dimaculangan, Lance Nhomer D.
City Address:
Contact Number:
E-mail Address:
Natunuan North San Pascual, Batangas
(+63) 9214525836
lancenhomer.dimaculangan
@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Age:
Sex:
Citizenship:
Religion:
Marital Status:
Mother Name:
Father Name:
September 10, 1999
Batangas City
21
Male
Filipino
Catholic
Single
Garcia, Noime
Dimaculangan, Lamberto
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Tertiary:
Batangas State University-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
2018-Present
Secondary:
Batangas State University
Rizal Ave, Extension, Batangas, 4200 Batangas
2012-2018
Primary:
Natunuan North Elementary School
Natunuan North San Pascual
2006-2012
39
CURRICULUM VITAE
Lanting, Aivan Jay G.
City Address:
Contact Number:
E-mail Address:
Bagumbayan Tanauan City, Batangas
(+63) 9298660067
aivanjay.lanting@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Age:
Sex:
Citizenship:
Religion:
Marital Status:
Mother Name:
Father Name:
August 16, 2000
Tanauan City
20
Male
Filipino
Catholic
Single
Gonzales, Ceferina
Lanting, Anselmo
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Tertiary:
Batangas State University-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
2018-Present
Secondary:
First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities
Tanauan City, Batangas
2016-2018
John David Christian School
Calamba City, Laguna
2012-2016
Primary:
Bagumbayan Elementary School
Bagumbayan Tanauan City
2006-2012
40
CURRICULUM VITAE
Macatangay, Jerick G.
City Address:
Contact Number:
E-mail Address:
Sitio 7 Balagtas, Batangas City
(+63) 9179374907
jerick.macatangay@g.batstateu.edu.ph
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:
Age:
Sex:
Citizenship:
Religion:
Marital Status:
Mother Name:
Father Name:
May 14, 1999
Batangas City
22
Male
Filipino
Born Again
Single
Macatangay, Erlinda G.
Macatangay, Joel R.
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Tertiary:
Batangas State University-Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
2018-Present
Secondary:
Batangas State University- Alangilan
Alangilan, Batangas City
2016-2018
Cavite Institute
Silang, Cavite
2012-2016
Primary:
Silang Central School
Silang Cavite
2006-2012