5G Training
Ali Nikfal
2020-2021
Instagram:ali.nikfal1985
09125052306
CONTENTS
History of Mobile Communication
5G (Use case, Requirements and Architecture)
Migration options
Economy perspective and Statistical reports
2G GSM
2.7G EDGE
3G WCDMA
3.5 HSPA, HSPA+
4G LTE
4G LTE-Advanced
4,5G LTE-A Pro
5G
Rel. 97
Rel. 98
Rel. 99
Rel. 5,6,7
Rel. 8,9
Rel. 10,11,12
Rel. 13,14
Rel 15, 16
Digital voice &
messaging
Enhanced 2G
Voice, Data & Video
Signals
Enhanced 3G
Data and Voice over
IP
Enhanced 4G
4G Evolution
towards 5G
eMBB, critical MTC,
massive MTC
Digital fidelity
cellular phones
Higher data rates
Video Telephony /
Internet surfing
Higher data rates
Wireless broadband
Higher peak rates
+IoT and Public
safety
4th industrial
revolution
Channel access
TDMA/FDMA
TDMA/FDMA
WCDMA
WCDMA
OFDMA
OFDMA
OFDMA
Modified OFDMA
Bandwidth
200 kHz
200 kHz
5 MHz
5 MHz
20 MHz
100 MHz
640
MHz
Up to 2 GHz
Service
CS
CS/PS
CS/PS
PS
PS
PS
3GPP Release
Use case
PS
PS Cloud
Architecture
Controller
Controller
Controller
Controller
Distributed
HetNet
3 Gbps
DL speed
40 Kbps
500 Kbps
384 kbps
14-84 Mbps
150-300 Mbps
1 Gbps
Latency
~500 ms
~300 ms
~150ms
~50 ms
~10ms
~10ms
2007
2012
Cloud, coexistence, slicing
>10 Gbps
~5ms
<1ms
2016
2020
1G
1982
1991
1997
2000
2004
IMT-2000 Technologies
CDMA2000 EV-DO
• Evolution Data Optimized
• Further evolved to
• EV-DO Rev. A
• EV-DO Rev. B
Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
(UMTS)
• Based on Wideband CDMA
(WCDMA)
• Uses FDD
• Foundation of 3G systems
worldwide, except some
networks
Time Division Synchronous code
division multiple access
(TD-SCDMA)
• Designed especially for China
• Used by only 1 operator,
‘China Mobile’
• Based on Narrowband TDD
3 ‘G’ Evolution
• Rel-99: DL = 384Kbps, UL = 384Kbps
• Rel-5: HSDPA (3.5G) – DL = 14Mbps, UL = 384Kbps
• Rel-6: HSUPA (3.6G) – DL = 14Mbps, UL = 5.75Mbps
• Rel-7: HSPA+ (3.7G) – DL = 28Mbps, UL = 11.52Mbps
• Rel-8: HSPA+ (3.75G) – DL = 42Mbps, UL = 11.52Mbps
• Rel-9: HSPA+ (3.8G) – DL = 84Mbps, UL = 23Mbps
• Rel-10: HSPA+ (3.8G) – DL = 168Mbps, UL = 23Mbps
• Rel-11: HSPA+ (3.85G) – DL = 672Mbps, UL = 70Mbps
IMT-Advanced and 4G Technologies
•
•
•
Mobile Technology Evolution
1G
Analog
2G
Voice only, Limited
coverage and
mobility. Example:
AMPS
Digital
3G
Improved voice,
security, coverage.
SMS, data. Example
GSM, CDMA
Mobile Data
4G
Higher data rates,
smartphones,
better voice.
Example: HSPA /
HSPA+
Mobile
Broadband
5G
High speed data,
better
smartphones.
Example: LTE / LTEA
eMBB, mMTC,
URLLC
1980
1990
2000
2010
Even higher speeds,
ultra-reliable, low
latency, high
connection density
2020
Focus area for different technology generations
Comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G & 5G technologies
Connection Speed, Latency & Density Comparison
2G
3G
4G
5G
Example only.
Not according to scale
Speed
Latency
Connection Density
Concepts
Standardization status - 3GPP Timelines
5G → IMT-2020
5G High Level Requirements and Wish List
>10 Gbps
Peak data rates
100 x
More devices than 4G
100 Mbps
Whenever needed
10000 x
More traffic than 4G
M2M
UR
Ultra low cost
Ultra-Reliable
10 years
battery life
< 1 ms
Low latency on
radio interface
5G: Multiple Layers for multiple needs
Coverage Layer
Sub-1GHz
Capacity Layer
1GHz – 6GHz
High Throughput Layers
6GHz – 100GHz
Types of Small Cells
Rural
Examples of Small Cells
Mobile Towers or Macrocells
5G Latency Requirements - Industry Targets
NGMN 5G Requirements
•5G E2E Latency (eMBB) = 10ms (i.e. RTT from UE-Application-UE)
•5G E2E Latency (URLLC) = 1ms (i.e. RTT from UE-Application-UE – or just UE-UE)
In both cases, the values are defined as capabilities that should be supported by the 5G System.
GSMA 5G Requirements
•5G E2E Latency = 1ms (again, defined as a capability target, not as a universal requirement)
ITU-R IMT-2020 Requirements
•eMBB User Plane Latency (one-way) = 4ms [radio network contribution]
•URLLC User Plane Latency (one-way) = 1ms [radio network contribution]
•Control Plane Latency = 20ms (10ms target) [UE transition from Idle to Active via network]
Low Latency Use Case Requirements (various sources)
•Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality: 7-12ms
•Tactile Internet (e.g. Remote Surgery, Remote Diagnosis, Remote Sales): < 10ms
•Vehicle-to-Vehicle (Co-operative Driving, Platooning, Collision Avoidance): < 10ms
•Manufacturing & Robotic Control / Safety Systems: 1-10ms
Source: Andy Sutton
NGMN 5G Use Cases Example
Broadband access
in dense areas
Broadband access
everywhere
50+ MBPS
EVERYWHERE
PERVASIVE VIDEO
Higher user
mobility
HIGH SPEED
TRAIN
Massive Internet
of Things
SENSOR
NETWORKS
Ultra-reliable
communications
E-HEALTH
SERVICES
Broadcast-like
services
BROADCAST
SERVICES
50
Extreme real-time
communications
TACTILE
INTERNET
Lifeline
communications
NATURAL
DISASTER
5G use case families and related examples
NGMN: 5G Families, Categories & Use Cases
Families
Broadband
access in
dense area
Broadband
access
everywhere
High user
mobility
Massive
Internet of
Things
Use cases
Categories
•
•
•
Pervasive video
Operator cloud services
Dense urban cloud services
Indoor ultra-high broadband access
•
Smart Office
Broadband access in a crowd
•
HD video/photo sharing in
stadium/open-air gathering
•
50 Mbps everywhere
•
Ultra-low cost networks
•
•
•
High speed train
Moving Hot Spots
Remote computing
•
3D Connectivity: Aircrafts
•
•
Smart wearables (clothes)
Sensor networks
•
Mobile video surveillance
Broadband access in dense area
50+Mbps everywhere
Ultra low-cost broadband access for low
ARPU areas
Mobile broadband in vehicles
Airplanes connectivity
Massive low-cost/long-range/low-power MTC
Broadband MTC
NGMN: 5G Families, Categories & Use Cases
Families
Use cases
Categories
Extreme real
time connection
Broadband access in dense area
•
Tactile internet
Lifeline
communication
Resilience and traffic surge
•
Natural disaster
Ultra-high reliability & Ultra low latency
•
•
•
Automatic traffic control-driving
Collaborative robots
Remote object manipulation –
Remote surgery
•
•
•
eHealth: Extreme Life Critical
Public safety
3D Connectivity: Drones
•
•
News and information
Broadcast like services: Local,
Regional, National
Ultra-reliable
communication
Broadcast like
services
Ultra-high availability & reliability
Broadcast like services
Cellular V2X Concept
5G Connected Car: In-vehicle infotainment
ARCHITECTURE
2G / 3G Mobile Network Architecture
4G Mobile Network Architecture
EPC before CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation of EPC
nodes)
EPC after CUPS
5G Mobile Network Architecture
5G System (5GS) – Actual
Topological considerations
 These problems can be countered by …

massive multiple input multiple output antenna arrays
8x8, 16x16, … 256x256 … (?)
 … which become feasible at these wavelengths, even in the mobile unit, offering dynamic
beamforming, allowing base stations to track moving mobiles, using low, but
concentrated, RF power output …
Topological considerations
 NR offers the next step in the evolution of cellular performance, but at the cost of much
higher base station densities (and therefore much smaller cells).
 Using millimeter waves is now technologically feasible at reasonable complexity and cost.
 These mm wavelengths suffer poorer propagation characteristics compared with longer
wavelengths:
 high penetration loss
 reduced diffraction
 increased scattering
 increased reflection, even from “small” objects such as lamp-posts
 higher absorption by atmosphere
(rain, snow, fog, …), vegetation (leafy trees),
and even human bodies
5G Coverage Footprint – Combination of Low and High Bands
Let’s make 3.7-4.2 GHz available
5G mmwaves
5G 3500
mMIMO
LTE-AWS
LTE700
5G600
1000x local
capacity
• High bands for capacity
• Low band for IoT and low
latency critical communication
20 Gbps / 1000 MHz
10x capacity with
LTE grid with
massive MIMO
2 Gbps / 100 MHz
IoT and critical
communication
with full coverage
200 Mbps
/ 10 MHz
Topological considerations
 … which become feasible at these wavelengths, even in the mobile unit, offering
dynamic beamforming, allowing base stations to track moving mobiles, using low,
but concentrated, RF power output …
Topological considerations
 … and hence permitting intelligent diversity using multipath reflections to
improve (rather than detract from!) performance, re-routing the beam around
obstacles;
Topological considerations
 “Dual Connectivity” (DC) whereby, near handover time, a mobile unit will be
connected to two base stations, ensuring seamless handover.
Topological considerations
 Coordinated multi-point connectivity (CoMP) – improvement near cell edge to
allow simultaneous connection to two or more base stations
Topological considerations
 Front-haul, back-haul, relay, side-haul
Topological considerations
 Front-haul, back-haul, relay, side-haul
Topological considerations
 Front-haul, back-haul, relay, side-haul
Topological considerations
 Front-haul, back-haul, relay, side-haul
Topological considerations
 Fixed wireless access
Mobile Towers in Real Life
Macrocell Connections & Terminology
Centralized RAN (C-RAN) / BBU Hostelling
Cloud RAN (C-RAN)
MIGRATION OPTIONS
Option 1: SA LTE connected to EPC - Legacy
Option 2: SA NR connected to 5GC
Option 3: Non-Standalone(NSA) NR, LTE assisted, EPC connected
Option 7: NSA LTE assisted NR connected to 5GC
Evolution Architecture: Non-Standalone (NSA)
5G Deployment Options and Migration Strategy
Economic perspective and Statistical
reports
Global Mobile Market Growth
Data Traffic Growth
10 Times(2014-2020)
Global Mobile Economy
Estimated impact attributable to mmWave spectrum on GDP and Tax
revenue
Projected regional impact of mmWave spectrum by 2034
Key
challenges
Projected global contribution of mmWave spectrum to GDP by use case
References:
• 5G Resources – 3G4G
• Rel-15 announcement on Standalone NR – 3GPP, June 2018
• Working towards full 5G in Rel-16 – 3GPP Webinar, July 2018
• Submission of initial 5G description for IMT-2020 – 3GPP, Jan 2018
• NGMN Overview on 5G RAN Functional Decomposition, Feb 2018
• 5G NR Resources, Qualcomm
• Nokia: Translating 5G use cases into viable business cases, April 2017
• 5G Americas: LTE to 5G – Cellular and Broadband Innovation, August 2017
• GSMA: The 5G era: Age of boundless connectivity and intelligent
automation, Feb 2017
• GTI 5G Network Architecture White Paper, Feb 2018
• Deloitte/DCMS: The impacts of mobile broadband and 5G, June 2018
• NTT Docomo: 5G RAN Standardization Trends, Jan 2018