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Jazz Piano Course Complete

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HKIIM 爵士鋼琴初階
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Course Outline 課程大綱
Lesson 1
Rhythm of Jazz (爵士樂節奏)
Lesson 2
Chords in Jazz Music (爵士樂和弦)
Lesson 3
Voicing of Chord Playing (和弦彈奏)
Lesson 4
The Way to Improvisation (即興彈奏的技巧)
Lesson 5
Knowing the Blues (認識藍調)
Lesson 6
Introduction to Jazz Harmonization (和聲色彩)
Lesson 7
Jazz Styles (不同的爵士風格)
Lesson 8
Ways to Self-learning (自學有方)
二)課堂要求
1. 學員自備文具、五線譜紙。
2. 積極參與堂上彈奏及練習。
3. 未經校方批準,請勿於堂上錄音。
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A. 認識 Jazz Music
i.
甚麼是 Jazz Music?
ii.
Jazz Music 最大的特色是甚麼?
1) Improvisation (Improvisation vs composition)
2) Complex Harmony
3) Jazz Groove (Groove vs rhythm)
iii. Jazz Band 的基本編制是怎樣的?
Front Line (Melody):
Rhythm Section (Rhythm, Bass Line, Harmony):
iv. 鋼琴在 Jazz Music 中擔當怎樣的角色?
Comping:
Voicing
Rhythm
Jazz Harmony/Chords
Bass Line
Soloing:
Melody Playing
Scales and modes
Improvisation (Solo Section)
v.
如何去聆聽欣賞爵士樂的表演?
| Intro || Head || ----- Solo Section ------ || Head || Coda ||
vi. 常用術語:
Chorus
Lead Sheet
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Standards
Real Book / Fake Book
Jam Session
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B. Swing and Straight 8s
i.
ii.
Swing (Original: Big Band, Dixieland, Bebop, Ballad, Shuffle …)
1.
Triplet rhythm feels
2.
Emphasis on the off beats (2 and 4).
3.
Some heavy triplet rhythm suggests the Gospel feel.
4.
Walking bass is used for the bass line.
Straight 8s (Latin, Afro, Cuban, Rock, Fusions: Samba, Bossa Nova …)
1. Straight 8s were mainly influenced by other kinds of music.
2. Latin grooves are played under a two bars ‘clave’.
3. Rock grooves have strong accents on 1st and 3rd beat.
4. Afro groove involve a great interest in syncopation and anticipation.
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C. Call and Response for Rhythms
I.
Normal
a.
b.
c.
d.
II. Syncopated 切分節奏
a.
1
2
3 4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
3
4
b.
1
2
3
4
c.
1
2
3
4
1
2
III. Anticipated 提前節奏
a.
b.
c.
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Example of Swing Style
Example of Straight 8s Style (Bossa Nova)
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D. Chord System
7
Fm-5 / Eb
Root
Chord Quality
Additional Note
Bass Note
The above chord is F minor seventh flat five in third inversion
Additional Notes of C Chord
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E. Diatonic Chords
Five Basic 7th Chords
1)
Dominant 7th (V7)
2)
Minor 7th (-7)
3)
Major 7th (Δ)
4)
Half Diminished 7th (-7b5)
5)
Diminished 7th (○ / dim)
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F. Chord Table
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G. Basic Scales and Modes
1)
Dorian Mode (for major key - II chord / minor key – IV chord)
2)
Mixolydian Mode (for major key - V chord)
3)
Locrian Mode (for minor key – II chord)
4)
Lydian Mode (for major key - IV chord / minor key – VI chord)
5)
Phrygian Scale (for minor key – V chord)
6)
Whole Tone Scale
7)
Pentatonic Scale
Other useful scale and modes:
Chromatic scale / Super Locrian scale / Bebop scale / Blues scale / Diminished scale / Augmented scales
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H. Voicing
with root
rootless
Rootless voicing is used for playing with a Bass player (full band)
Full Band
Comping without Bass
Piano Solo
RH:
LH:
RH:
LH:
RH:
LH:
rootless
rootless
rootless
root
melody + chord notes
root + rootless
Example of with root voicing
Example of rootless voicing
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I. Two Forms of Voicing
Type:
a
b
II – V – I – I Progression Exercises
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. Call and response exercise
| D-7
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| G7
| Cmaj7
| C6
:||
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J. Improvisation technique
1. Starts and ends on the off beats.
2. Use chord notes as the outline of the improvisation.
Chordal notes always sound good as improvisation notes.
3. Use scale notes, starts and ends on a non-chord note to create tensions.
Notes from the basic scale from which the chord is derived sometimes sound good, but they have to be
introduced with feeling and may only be played for very short periods in some places, as a passing note
between two chordal notes or as a suspended note.
4. Use chromatic passing notes and grace note for decorations.
These can sometimes sound interesting, but don’t add too much, these will destroy the harmony.
5. Apply rhythm shifting and syncopation.
6. Use motive development for the improvisation.
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K. General Jazz Phrase Style
1. Non-legato articulation
2. Off-beat accents
3.
Irregular phrasing
4. Using broken chords with scale notes as passing notes
5. Using approaching notes
6. Using chromatic application
7. Different rhythmic interest: Syncopations, Triplets etc…
8. Chord anticipation
9. Crossing bar line phrasing
10. Motive playing, shifting
11. Altered chord substitutions
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12. Take reference to the reduction score of the great masters.
(Bud Powell)
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L. Learning Blues
1. The Blues Style
1. It is a vocal-musical style, scale and a form.
2. Characterized by expressive sliding between notes, or rhythmic speaking of words.
3. It is performed with improvisation of words, which telling a story.
4. It included instrumental imitation of vocal hollering, preaching, sighing and telling stories.
5. Pianists will play with ornaments, glissandos and accents and using characteristic pitches and
scales.
2. Blues Scale
Basically it’s formed with some special “blue notes”:
i. flatted 3rd,
ii. raised 4th or flatted 5th
iii. flatted 7th
C blue scale
Bb Blue Scale
Examples of improvisation with blues scale:
Cm7
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Fm7
Cm7
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3. 12-bars Blues
Blues consists of a succession of 12 bars with a strongly defined chord scheme:
||: I
| IV
| V
| IV
| IV
| IV
| I
| I
| I
| I
| I
| V
|
|
:||
| F7
| F7
| F7
| C7
| C7
| C7
| C7
| C7
| G7
|
|
:||
| Eb7
| Eb7
| Eb7
| Bb7
| Bb7
| Bb7
| Bb7
| Bb7
| F7
|
|
:||
Blues in C
||: C7
| F7
| G7
Blues in Bb
||: Bb7
| Eb7
| F7
4. Blues Practice
i. Practicing Blues Scales with the blues form.
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ii. Improvise with single note
iii. Improvise with simple note
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iv. Improvise with more notes
5. C-Jam Blues
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6. Example of Blues licks
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7.
Page | 23
Some other styles of Blues
a) Swing Style
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b) Rock ‘n’ Roll Style
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M. Basic Jazz Harmonization
第一步:
使用基本和弦:I、IV、V
將旋律大致上配基本和弦。
第二步:
在基本和弦的架構上,換上或加上一些次和弦(Secondary Triads)
包括:II、III、VI、VII 或 minor parallel 和弦
第三步:
為你的和弦加上適當的色彩。
例如:add6、7th、9th、11th、13th
第四步:
加入 Passing Chord 或 Chord Cluster。
Example: Step 1 to 3
Nobody Knows The Trouble I’ve Seen
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Passing Chord
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Homework: Try to harmonize the song with chromatic chords.
Happy Birthday to You
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N.
Page | 32
A Brief Development of Jazz Style
1850s
1880s
Slave Songs, Spirituals
Spirituals (or Negro spirituals) are religious songs which were created by enslaved African people
in America.
"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGMZ1dN7eT8
Early Blues, Gospel Muisc
Blues http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYrVwGxlcFA
Gospel music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJRPEkqYB2s
1890s
Ragtime, Boogie Woogie
Scott Joplin’s Maple Leaf Rag http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reI43yUCaUI
Boogie Woogie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9b3ZZywQvg
1900s
Marching Band, Ragtime and Blues
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOqX8wFQifU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K82DlfKOd5I
1920s
New Orleans Jazz (Swing Style, Big Band Jazz, Dixieland Jazz)
Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Lester Young,
Glenn Miller, Teddy Wilson . . .
Louis Armstrong http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnRqYMTpXHc
Duke Ellington’s Band http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRGFqSkNjHk
1940s
Bebop style developed
Bebop performers helped to shift jazz from danceable popular music towards a more challenging
"musician's music." Since bebop was meant to be listened to, not danced to, it used faster tempos.
Beboppers introduced new forms of chromaticism and dissonance into jazz; the dissonant tritone
interval became the most important interval of. The style of drumming shifted as well to a more
elusive and explosive style
.
Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Charlie Parker (The Bird), Bud Powell, Thelonious Monk, Dizzy
Gillespie, Oscar Petersons …
Charlie Parker http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09BB1pci8_o
Dizzy Gillespie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXdpIaEOETo
1950s
Funk and Cool style take over
Chet Baker, Dave Brubeck, Bill Evans, Gil Evans, Stan Getz, Modern Jazz Quartet
Miles Davis All Blues http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFTp2O0ywyw
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1960s
Page | 33
Modern Jazz and Free Jazz
Mile Davis, John Coltrane, Herbie Hancock, Charles Mingus, Wynton Marsalis
Herbie Hancock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_whk6m67VE
1970s
Different Types of Fusion Developed
Latin Jazz:
Afro-Cuban Jazz
Xavier Cugat, Tito Puente, Arturo Sandoval, Michel Camilo, Gonzalo Rubalcaba
Michel Camilo (Cuban) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mkLoSqqvq8
Tito Puente (Mambo) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yDDc9hjmI0
Brazilian Jazz:
Samba, Bossa Nova
Antonios Carlos Jobim, João Gilberto, Astrud Gilberto , Stan Getz
“The Gril From Ipanama” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9U6URQSF6U
1980s
Jazz-Rock Fusion
Weather Report, Mahavishnu , Return to Forever, The Headhunters
Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea, Tony Williams,
Hiromi Uehara, …
Herbie Hancock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGVRogCzjkw
Chick Corea (Spain) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huIcAdTbMbM
Hiromi Uehara http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-HHG5B4GZs
1990s
Smooth Jazz (It is a lighter commercial form of jazz fusion)
Grover Washington, Jr., Kenny G, Keiko Matsui, Chris Botti, Sting
Keiko Matsui http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHr5onkucpY
Chris Botti http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpYYJgvgDmo
2000s
Contempory Jazz (acid jazz, fusion, nu jazz, smooth jazz etc)
Keith Jarret, Herbie Hancock, ECM Artist, David Holland, Jan Garbarek
David Holland http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G45xXQF3XoA
Stefano Raffaelli http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwkuWUGZnO4
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O.
Page | 34
Play along
練習 Jazz 一定要使用 Play along (rhythm track)作協助,因此 sequencing equipment 是不可缺少
的一環,使用它來幫助你 feel 不同的節奏,及模擬一隊 Jazz Band。
1. Band In A Box (for Windows, Mac, Linux)
US$129(pro) ~ US$669(Audiophile)
http://www.pgmusic.com/
2. iRealb (For iOS, Android)
http://www.irealb.com/
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3. Play-a-long tracks: CD, tape . . .
a) Jamey Aebersold Jazz Play-a-Long Series
b) Hal Leonard – Jazz Play Along Series (HK$ 120 - 170)
c) World Jazz Play-a-long
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P.
Q.
Page | 36
Guide Book / Text Book
約 HK$ 150
1)
Dreksler, Harle: 1000 Keyboard Tips. Viggenreiter, 2002. (CD included)
2)
Mark Levine: The Jazz Piano Book. Sher Music Co.
約 US$ 30
3)
Mark Levine: The Jazz Theory Book. Sher Music Co.
約 US$ 30
4)
Ray Santisi: Berklee Jazz Piano, Berklee Press, 1993. (CD included)
約 HK$ 160
5)
John Valerio: Jazz Piano Concepts & Techniques. Hal Leonard
約 HK$ 140
6)
John Valerio: Bebop Jazz Piano. Hal Leonard (CD included)
約 HK$ 140
7)
Dan Haerle: Jazz Improvisation for Keyboard Players. Book 1-3. Alfred
約 HK$ 150
8)
Dan Haerle: Jazz Piano Voicing Skill. Alfred Publishing
9)
David Baker: A Creative Approach To Practicing Jazz. J. Aebersold Jazz (CD included)
US$ 15
US$ 9.95
Web Sites
1. Jamey Aebersold Jazz
http://www.jazzbooks.com
這是一個相當著名和有地位的 Jazz Music 教育機構,網站中包括了大量自學資料及筆記。同時你
可以訂購他們的書和教材。
2. All About Jazz
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R.
Page | 37
Exercise Books
這些書主要是手指練習,由淺入深。幫助你習慣 Jazz Keyboard 的手位。
使用時應配合 Rhythm Track 彈奏,以助進入 Jazz 的 feel。
S.
1. Peter Deneff: Jazz Chord Hanon. Hal Leonard.
約 HK$ 105
2. Peter Deneff: Jazz Hanon. Hal Leonard.
約 HK$ 105
3. Peter Deneff: Blues Hanon. Hal Leonard.
約 HK$ 105
4. John Novello: Stylistic Etudes. Warner Bros. (CD included)
約 HK$ 220
Real Book / Fake Book / Song Book
Real Book / Fake Book
這 些 曲 集 包 括 了 旋 律 、 和 弦 、 歌 詞 、 風 格 等 資 料 。( 絕 大 多 數 會 以 「 線 圈 」 訂 裝 )
曲 集 分 為 不 同 的 類 別 出 版 如 :Jazz, Oldies, Latin, Pops, Spirituals, Praises 等
購買時應注意 Key,鋼琴使用的會寫明 C Edition。
Song Book Arranged for Voice/Piano/Guitar
這些改編曲集是給一些不懂 Jazz Piano 的人使用,編者按照樂曲的風格將之編成鋼琴上,基本
上你只要跟譜彈就可以,但這些譜也可作以參考之用,免去了 spell chord 和找 pattern 的煩惱。
唯有時常欣賞 Jazz Music 才能使自己習慣 Jazz 的風格,並學習彈奏。
選擇你喜歡的風格及樂手的 CD,嘗試模仿當中的彈法。當然你可以參考不同大師的 reduction
score。
T.
Recording and Transcriptions
經常錄下並細心聆聽自己的彈奏,嘗試改進一些不滿意的地方,再參考不同大師的彈法。
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U.
Page | 38
CD Guide
唯有時常欣賞 Jazz Music 才能使自己習慣 Jazz 的風格,並學習彈奏。
選擇你喜歡的風格及樂手的 CD,嘗試模仿當中的彈法。當然你可以參考不同大師的 transcriptions。
Standards
Louis Armstrong
What A Wonderful World
Miles Davis
Kind of Blue
Bill Evans
Portrait in Jazz
Modern Jazz Quartet
Together Again
Herbie Hancock
Takin' Off
Art Pepper
Among Friends
Oscar Peterson
Oscar in Paris
Dave Brubeck
Double Live From the USA & UK
Richie Beirach Trio
Elegy For Bill Evans
David Hazeltine Trio
Alice In Wonderland
Keith Jarrett
Still Live
Bossa Nova
Astrud Gilberto (Vocal)
Verve Jazz Masters 9
Stan Getz
Bossa Nova Verve Jazz Masters 53
Antonio Carlos Jobim
“Wave” The Antonio Carlos Jobim Songbook
Antonio Carlos Jobim and Friends (also available on DVD)
Arne Domnerus
A Little Bossa Nova
Latin
Tito Puente
Undisputed King of Mambo
Tito Puente
Sensation
Michel Camilo
Live At The Blue Note
“TropiJazz All Stars”
Klazz Brothers
Jazz Meets Cuba
Complication
“Jazz Live” (Gold Encore Series)
Carnegie Hall Salutes The Jazz Masters (also available on DVD)
“The Black Box of Jazz” (4 CDs)
V.
Other Book Lists
約 HK$ 220
1)
Charles Beale: Jazz Piano from Scratch. ABRSM, 1997. (CD included)
2)
David Baker: Jazz Improvisation (Rev. ed.) Alfred Publishing
3)
Neil Olmstead: Solo Jazz Piano – The Linear Approach, Berklee Press, 2003 (CD included)
約 HK$ 220
4)
Liam Noble: Jazz Piano – An In-Depth Look at the Styles of the Masters. Hal Leonard (CD included)
約 HK$ 140
5)
John Valerio: Post-bop Jazz Piano. Hal Leonard (CD included)
約 HK$ 150
6)
Ann Collins: Jazz Works –Jazz Technique for Intermediate to Advanced Pianist. Alfred Publishing (2CDs) 約 HK$ 190
7)
Suzanna Sifter: Berklee Jazz Keyboard Harmony – Upper Structure Triads . Berklee Press (CD included)
約 HK$ 210
8)
John Valerio: Intros, Endings and Turnaround for Keyboard. Hal Leonard
約 HK$ 105
HONG KONG KEYBOARD ART CENTRE
US$ 21.95
http://www.hkkeyboardart.com