FABRICATION OF SPECIAL TOOLS FOR WASTE OIL COLLECTOR
BONIFCIS ANAK DAWI 05DAD18F2003
MOHAMAD NAZRUL BIN ZULKIPLI 05DAD18F2008
FRANCIS NUANG ANAK AGAN 05DAD18F2018
LOUIS DHAMON ANAK DAVID DISAM 05DAD18F2022
SUPERVISOR:
ENCIK AHMAD AIRFAN BIN KHALID
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
POLITEKNIK KUCHING SARAWAK
JUNE 2020
A report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements course DJJ6143 Diploma of
Mechanical Engineering Automotive
Mechanical Engineering Department
Politeknik Kuching Sarawak
June 2020
2
AKUAN KEASLIAN DAN HAK MILIK
TAJUK :
SESI
1. Kami,
:
SPECIAL TOOLS FOR WASTE OIL COLLECTOR
JUN 2020
1. BONIFCIS ANAK DAWI (05DAD18F2003)
2. MOHAMAD NAZRUL BIN ZULKIPLI (05DAD18F2008)
3. FRANCIS NUANG ANAK AGAN (05DAD18F2018)
4. LOUIS DHAMON ANAK DAVID DISAM (05DAD18F2022)
adalah pelajar tahun akhir Diploma Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Jabatan
Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, yang beralamat di
Km.22, Jalan Matang, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak. (Selepas ini dirujuk sebagai
‘Politeknik tersebut’).
2. Kami mengakui bahawa ‘Projek tersebut diatas’ dan harta intelek yang ada di dalamnya adalah hasil
karya/reka cipta asli kami tanpa mengambil atau meniru mana-mana harta intelek daripada pihak-pihak
lain.
3. Kami bersetuju melepaskan pemilikan harta intelek ‘Projek tersebut’ kepada ‘Politeknik tersebut’
bagi memenuhi keperluan penganugerahan Diploma Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Automotive kepada
kami.
Diperbuat dan dengan sebenar-benarnya diakui oleh yang tersebut;
a) NAMA 1
(No. Kad Pengenalan:- 900000-00-0000),
b) NAMA 2
(No Kad Pengenalan:- 900000-00-0000) dan
c) NAMA 3
(No Kad Pengenalan:- 900000-00-0000)
d) NAMA 4
(No Kad Pengenalan:- 900000-00-0000) dan
di Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, pada 10 August 2020
Di hadapan saya, ………………… (800000-00-0000)
sebagai penyelia projek pada tarikh: ……….
) Bonifcis Anak Dawi
) 990811-13-5511
) Mohamad Nazrul Bin Zulkipli
)001007-13-0559
) Francis Nuang Anak Agan
) 001115-10-2125
) Louis Dhamon Anak David Disam
) 970807-13-5537
)
) ....…………………….
) ……………………….
3
“Saya / Kami* akui karya ini adalah hasil kerja saya / kami* sendiri kecuali
bukilan dan ringkasan yang tiap-tiap satunya telah saya / kami* jelaskan sumbernya”.
Tandatangan
: ......................................................
Nama Penulis
: . Mohamad Nazrul Bin Zulkipli.
Tarikh
: 3 November 2020
Tandatangan
: ......................................................
Nama Penulis
: . Bonifcis Anak Dawi.
Tarikh
: 3 November 2020
Tandatangan
: ......................................................
Nama Penulis
: . Francis Nuang Anak Agan.
Tarikh
: . 3 November 2020
Tandatangan
: ......................................................
Nama Penulis
: . Louis Dhamon Anak David Disam
Tarikh
: 3 November 2020
4
“Saya / Kami*akui bahawa saya telah membaca karya ini dan pada pandangan saya /
kami* karya ini memadai dari segi skop dan kualiti untuk tujuan penganugerahan
Diploma Kejuruteraan Mekanikal (Automoitve.).”
Tandatangan
:....................................................
Nama Penyelia
: Ahmad Airfan Bin Khalid
Tarikh
:3 November 2020
5
To my beloved mother, father and family
6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Almighty GOD, the most gracious and merciful, with HIS
gracing and blessing has led to success be upon this report. We would like to take this
opportunity to express our sincere thanks and appreciation to the following persons and
organization that have directly or indirectly given generous contributions towards the
success of the academic study.
In particular, we wish to express our sincere appreciation to our thesis supervisor
for encouragement, guidance, critics and insightful comment. Without her continued
support and interest, this project would not have been the same as presented here.
We are grateful to Perodua Matang for their cooperation and services provided
to us. Our fellow undergraduate students should also be recognized for this support.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to list all of them in this limited space. We are grateful
to all our family members who gave substantial moral support to finish to study.
Our thanks and gratitude also go to our dearest friend and course mates. We
would like them to know that they were of the greatest help and support to us when we
needed help and we greatly obligated them.
7
ABSTRACT
A waste oil collection apparatus for collecting used oil from an engine and dispensing
the oil into tank, such as those in which replacement oil is provided. The apparatus
includes a container having a raised cylindrical opening through which waste oil from
an engine may be received into the container. A plurality of threaded couplers
facilitate an attachment of the bottles to apertures in a sidewall of the container. A
plurality of valves allow oil to be selectively dispensed from the container into the
bottles from which new oil is supplied. The collector further includes an extensible
funnel assent ply and a debris removal assembly having a magnet for removing metal
particles from the waste oil.
.
8
ABSTRAK
Alat pengumpulan minyak sisa untuk mengumpulkan minyak terpakai dari mesin dan
mengalirkan minyak ke dalam tanki, seperti minyak di mana minyak pengganti
disediakan. Alat ini merangkumi bekas yang mempunyai bukaan silinder yang
dinaikkan di mana minyak sisa dari enjin boleh diterima ke dalam bekas. Sejumlah
pengganding berulir memudahkan penyambungan botol ke lubang di dinding sisi bekas.
Sejumlah injap membolehkan minyak dikeluarkan secara selektif dari bekas ke dalam
botol dari mana minyak baru dibekalkan. Pemungut selanjutnya merangkumi lapisan
penyaluran corong yang dapat diperluas dan unit penyingkiran serpihan yang
mempunyai magnet untuk mengeluarkan zarah logam dari minyak sisa.
9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION
ii
DEDICATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDMENT
iv
ABSTRACT
v
ABSTRAK
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
LIST OF TABLES
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
xi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem Statement
1
1.3
Objectives
1
1.4
Scope and Limitation
2
1.5
Category
2
1.6
Significant of the Project
2
1.7
Summary
2
10
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
3
2.1
Introduction
3
2.2
Concept / Theory
3
2.2.1 Theory of hand tool
3
2.2.2 Concept/theory of drain plug opener
3
2.3
History of drain plug opener
5
2.4
Current available product in market
6
2.5
Summary
7
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
8
3.1
Introduction
8
3.2
Flow Chart
9
3.2.1
Flow Chart Project 1
9
3.2.2
Flow Chart Project 2
10
3.3
3.4
Gantt Chart Project 1
10
3.3.1
Gantt Chart Project 1
11
3.3.2
Gantt Chart Project 2
12
Fabrication technique
3.4.1 Welding
3.4.2 Bolt and nut
13
13
14
3.5
Marketing analysis
15
3.6
Data Collection
17
3.7
Summary
18
11
CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
19
4.1
Introduction
19
4.2
operation and result
21
4.3
process of fabrication
21
4.4
23
process of fabrication (component & price list)
4.5
4.6
24
Analysis
24
4.5.1 Analysis (manufacturing cost)
24
Summary
27
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION
29
5.1
Introduction
29
5.2
Conclusion
29
5.3
Recommendation
30
12
REFERENCES
31
APPENDICES A Format Sebenar Dalam Teks Penulisan Laporan
32
Halaman Pertama
APPENDICES B Format Sebenar Dalam Teks Penulisan Laporan
Halaman Seterusnya
33
13
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO
TITLE
PAGE
3.3.1
Gantt Chart Project 1
11
3.3.2
Gantt Chart Project 2
12
3.6.1
4.4
Specification of data collection
Estimation cost (component & price list)
17
22
14
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
Ratchet
3
2.2
Shaft extension
4
2.3
stainless steel strainer
trolley oil reservoir
4
2.4
2.5
2.6
The Indy 500 grandstand
The Telemid Master Drainer 80 Kombi Oil extractor
5
6
6
3.1
Major step in implementation project
8
3.2
The process flow of Project 1
9
3.3
The process flow of Project 2
10
3.4.1
Welding process
13
3.4.2
bolt and nut
14
3.5.1
survey 1
15
3.5.2
survey 2
15
3.5.3
survey 3
16
3.5.4
survey 4
16
3.5.5
survey 5
17
3.6.1
component
17
4.1.1
Front view
20
4.1.2
Side view
21
4.1.3
Top view
21
4.6.1
Oil Drain Plug storage
25
4.6.2
Oil Drain Plug storage
25
4.6.3
Oil Drain Plug storage
26
4.6.5
Marketing analysis
27
15
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
PAGE
4.1.1
Front view
22
4.1.2
Side view
23
4.1.3
Top view
23
4.6.1
Oil Drain Plug storage
25
4.6.2
Oil Drain Plug storage
25
4.6.3
Oil Drain Plug storage
26
APPENDICES A
Format Sebenar Dalam Teks Penulisan Laporan
32
Halaman Pertama
APPENDICES B
Format Sebenar Dalam Teks Penulisan Laporan
Halaman Seterusnya
33
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction to the waste oil drain machine
A waste oil drain machine and dispensing apparatus comprising a container adapted to
be positioned beneath a vehicle engine, a container having a top wall, bottom wall,
and a side wall therearound, a container further having an opening in at top wall of the
container through which oil from a vehicle engine may flow into a container a
plurality of apertures in a side wall.
1.2
Problem statement
1.Dirty hand exposed to engine oil while opening the drain plug.
2.Floor became dirty because of the oil spill on the floor while opening the drain plug.
1.3
Objective
The objectives of this project are:
i.
To design and fabricate drain plug screw opener tools for waste oil drain
machine.
ii.
To avoid hand dirt and oil is not splashed.
1.4
Scope and limitation
The scopes of the project:
1. A workshop that has waste oil drain machine
2. Low-cost tool under RM 150.00
3. The weight is 2 kg
1.5 Category
The category of this project is a special tool which is use for waste oil drain machine.
This tool has three leg that connect to the ring it will be adjusted onto the waste oil
drain machine and has a screw to lock the ring from moving. It’s also has a funnel
with extension ratchet that attach to it that will be use to open the drain plug.
1.6
Significant of the projects
To study the finding of this will contribute to the workshop fabricate special tools for
waste oil collector mechanically functioned that help a car service technician to avoid
oil spill out and facilitate up their work. This tool is suitable for workshop that has
waste oil collector only. The workshop does not need a lot of tools to bring at the car
that needs to service. The workshop owner can access a good quality tool for a
reasonable price. Material use of this product is affordable and out of best quality.
finally, this product can help user to save their time and energy while working.
1.7
Summary
In this chapter 1, the introduction of the chapter, the problem statement, the objective,
scope of project, limitations, project signification and keyword with definition for this
project had been stated. This chapter also reveals more details on the double wheel hoe.
In the next chapter, the literature review for this project will be discussed. In chapter 3
which is methodology, the process of making this proposal will be stated.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
To produce a drain, plug opener tools for waste oil drain machine. A drain plug is a
plug which is taken out to allow a fluid to be drained from a tank such as an engine oil
pan or sump. Remove the oil drain plug and allow oil to drain out. Remove the drain
plug under the engine with the wrench, and let the oil flow into the pan.
This project aims to developed a mechanism for an improvement on a waste oil drain
machine to avoid hand dirt and oil si not splashed while the process of opening a drain
plug from the oil pan. The main of this project also provide a stand for the funnel to
cover up the worker’s hand while opening the drain plug to make the work as clean
and tidy. [1]
2.2
Theory of hand tool
2.2.1
Concept/theory of drain plug opener
Figure 2.1 Ratchet [1]
Figure 2.2 Ratchet shaft extension [2]
Figure 2.3 oil funnel [2]
(iv) Trolley oil reservoir
Oil Filter trolleys are the best way of transferring fluid from barrels and cleaning
fluid in reservoirs, line flushing, hose cleaning, flushing during equipment
commissioning. Fluid should always be pre-filtered in any system, even oil from a
new barrel. A filter trolley is a vital part of any contamination control process,
ensuring clean oil is transferred into the reservoir. [3]
Figure 2.4 trolley oil reservoir [3]









Flexible Design Which Allows Customization
A Wide Range of Flow Capabilities
Lower Installation & Maintenance Cost
Heavy Duty Trolley Design
Quick And & Inexpensive Changes Can Be Made to Increase the Flow and
Change the Filtration
Two Spin on Filter For High Dirt Holding Capacity
Design Allows for Multiple Micron Filtration Options
Available in Both Single & Three Phase Options
Electric Control Panel with Inline Digital Particle Monitor (Optional)
2.3 History of drain plug opener
Operators and managers often overlook the critical role played by lube-oil reservoirs
that support rotating machinery, hydraulics and mechanical power transmissions.
Often viewed as lifeless metal tanks and sumps, half-hidden from sight and
inaccessible, reservoirs are not only treasure chests of information, but they offer a
convenient stage from which to perform remedial tasks. -Hard-working lube oils
travel their circuits many times depending on the quantity of oil in the system.
However, every drop of oil must return to the reservoir; the time it takes the oil to
return depends on the system. A reservoir is like the Indy 500 grandstand; every unit
of oil pass in front of it for review. [1]
Figure 2.5 The Indy 500 grandstand [4]
2.4
Current available product in market
-The Telemid Master Drainer 80 Kombi Oil extractor is designed for simple, userfriendly operation and handling. This Waste Oil Collector has a modern, clean design
and great features make a winning combination and a workshop essential for the
busiest of service facilities with the features to match.
Figure 2.6 The Telemid Master Drainer 80 Kombi Oil extractor [5]
2.5
Summary
The drain plug opener is made to save a time and to make work easier for service
technician. This technology can also be use by anyone that doesn’t want to spend any
money to service/change their engine oil. By using this technology, you done it by
yourself and it easy to use but our product has difference feature than other product
has we add up a tool opener and holder on it so you just need to do a little thing by
that just unscrew the drain plug careful and slowly remove the wrench to let the oil
drain to the bucket .it just a simple technology that can help anyone and it easy to use.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
Methodology refers to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of
study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge. The
research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. This
chapter includes an introduction, project design, Gantt Chart, Flow Chart, marketing
analysis, fabrication technique, experimental setup with material and cost as shown in
Figure 3.1.
PLANNING
PROJECT
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
MAINTENANCE
AND SUPPORT
IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 3.1: Major step in implementation project.
3.2
Flow Chart
A flow chart is about how the works flows according to our fabrication of a process
make a drain plug opener.
3.2.1
Flow Chart Project 1
start
Briefing for project
1
yes
Project title selected
Fabrication of
project 1
approved
yes
Literature review
no
approved
yes
Approved
Planning and project
design
Approved
yes
Submit proposal and
report project 1
presentation
End
Figure 3.1 The process flow of Project 1.
3.2.2
Flow Chart Project 2
Start
Briefing for project
2
Manufacture
of drain plug
opener
Welding
yes
Drill a hole
yes
Installation of
component
Submit log book and
report project 2
Exhibition and
presentation
End
Figure 3.2
Shows the process flow of Project 2.
3.3
Gantt Chart Project 1
Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary
elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements constitute the work
breakdown structure of the project.
3.3.1
Gantt Chart Project 1
Title/weeks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
Briefing project 1
Project title
selected
Identifying
problem
Literature review
Research
methodology
Autodesk
inventor
cost
Presentation
Planning process
Actual process
Table
3.3.2
3.3 Gantt chart project 1
Gantt Chart Project 2
Title / week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Briefing
project 2
Discussion
material used
Actual cost
Fabrication
process
presentation
project
2(50%)
Presentation
and
demonstration
(100%)
Planning process
Actual process
Table 3.4
Gantt chart project 2
11
12
13
14
15
3.4 Fabrication technique
Fabrication is the process that occurs during the process of building the project. For
this project 2 different techniques are required for this project.
3.4.1 Welding
Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals
thermoplastics, by causing fusion which is distinct from lower temperature metaljoining techniques. We will used gas welding for this project. We weld 3 steel bars that
size of 30mm x20mm to the mild steel black pipe in according to the angle of 360 to
each steel bar. We also did the same to the ring.
.
Figure 3.4
Welding process
3.4.2
Bolt and nut
A bolt and nut are a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used
in conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two partners
are kept together by a combination of their thread’s friction a slight stretching of the
bolt and compression of the parts to be held together. We used bolt and nut to create
the joint which it will connect all steel bar with mild steel black pipe and ring. We
also use the big screw for the locking
Figure 3.4.2
bolt and nut
3.5
Marketing analysis
Figure 3.5.1
Survey 1
according to the pie chart around 68.2 % male and 31.8 % female respondent that
participate in our survey.
Figure 3.5.2
Survey 2
The majority age that more participate in the survey is 23-30 with 40.9 % compare
with the other categories age.
Figure 3.5.3
Survey 3
According to this pie chart 68.2 % people say yes to our product that will be
useful in the automotive industry. While 31.8% thought maybe.
Figure 3.5.4
Survey 4
According to this pie chart that 72.7 say yes that our design is safety and 27.3 say
maybe.
Figure 3.5.5
Survey 5
Only 81.8% say yes that our product is cheap but quality and 18.2% select maybe to
our price product.
3.6
Data Collection
Table 3.6.1 is the specification of data collection of this project
No.
Specification
Flat bar
Length x Width x Thickness
Size /Amount
1’ x 1” x 3 mm
Black pipe
Length x diameter
1’ x 2 “
Oil funnel
Length x diameter
6” x 8”
Ratchet wrench
Number of sets
1
Bolt and nut
number of sets
1
Table 3.6.1- Specification of data collection
3.7
Summary
In this chapter 3, the introduction, data collection, method of fabrication, flowchart and
Gantt chart had been stated. This chapter defined more information about illustration
the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of this project.
Besides, this chapter gives details on materials and the cost for this project.
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
4.1
Introduction
After done with our discussion and planning on our fabrication on this project 1. In
this chapter 4 we have made a calculation on how ability that our product can help a
small mechanic as our target user for this product. We also have a 3-D view on our
project to get your more understanding about its mechanism. Besides that each of us
made an analysis on this project one of the analysis is manufacturing cost analysis we
find the best and cheap price but with high quality for the material to build this project
so we can save our budget and get a low cost tools with good quality.
Figure 4.1.1
Front view
Figure 4.1.2
Side view
Figure 4.1.3
Top view
4.2
Operation and Result
The product that we produce is special tools for waste oil collector machine. The
working mechanism of this special tools is starting with an adjustment on the three leg
to the big oil funnel according to the size. then lock the ring that connect to the three
leg by turning the screw lock. then plug in the rachet to begin the work. then after the
process done the oil will drain through the small funnel to the waste oil collector without
worried that oil suddenly spill out again.
4.3
Process of fabrication
The process of fabrication for our project is we used welding; we will used gas welding
for this project. We will weld at the half circle steel bar shape to black pipe to create the
place for making a hole for joint. We also weld the half circle steel bar shape to the ring
which also use to create hole for the joint and lastly, we place the small oil funnel on
top of the mild steel black pipe. The two partners are kept together by a combination of
their thread’s friction a slight stretching of the bolt and compression of the parts to be
held together. We used bolt and nut to create the joint which it will connect all steel bar
with the mild steel black pipe and ring.
4.4
Estimation cost (component & price list)
MATERIAL
PRICE
FLAT BAR
RM 17.80
BLACK PIPE
RM 55.00
OIL FUNNEL
RM 13.00
RATCHET WRENCH
RM 38.00
BOLT AND NUT
RM 5.00
TOTAL
RM 128.80
Table 4.5 - Estimation cost (component & price list)
4.5
Analysis
4.5.1 Analysis for manufacturing cost
The cost of this project is RM 128.80 based on table 4.5 above there are the list of the
material that we need to build this project. The minimum cost that we guess is about
RM 350 to build this project but the total price for all the material to build this project
is only RM 128.80 we expect it more that RM 128.80
The cost is affordable and we are able to find the material at online website such as
Lazada and Shopee, the price is cheaper and the quality is very good. This makes four
of us easy to buy the material and save our money because we are still students.
This cost can save money and can build this fabrication more than one and this is
one of benefits for us. we can build this project more than one and makes this project
can be continue without any cost problems. We also can use the extra money to
improve the project if there is a lack or problem to the project. With this cost to build
this project it also can save cost of any service center out there to buy this project with
this affordable cost.
4.6
Summary
In this chapter 4, we have made a calculation on how we analyses the ability of this
project. How it can be useful for other people beside than a mechanic in small workshop
use. Other than that, we also mention about the process of fabrication to make people
understand more on how it was made. Lastly, we also state a budget that we spend on
making this project and also, we have spilt into difference part of analysis about this
project 1.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Introduction
As we can see, there are all over the world using drain plug opener for removing car
engine oil. Back to our topic, our project is to upgrade the old version of drain plug
opener to the new oil drain plug opener. The purpose of this project is to avoid the oil
from the oil pan to stain all over the workplace. In addition, we build this drain plug
opener that has a strainer at the top of the drain plug so this may avoid the bolt from
the oil pan to drop into the oil tank when we change the oil engine. Therefore, our
drain plugs opener project builds small wheels under the oil tank that gives the auto
technician too easy to carry around the workplace.
5.2
Conclusion
Based on our product, we assume that our drain plug opener is essential to our users
especially to the workers that we have surveyed. This is to overcome the problems in
the workshop and facilitate the workers by using our product. Therefore, this is to
facilitate and save employee time. So, we hope that we successfully produced the
product and meet the specification of the existing problems. As we know that our
product is quite simple, cheap and affordable in accordance with our target users.
5.3
Recommendation
Our recommendation about our product is that we can meet the needs of today’s users
and hope that we can fabricate the product by upgrading to more advanced. In
addition, we also recommend to other users other than our target users to use our
product as we have surveyed from the google form for public opinion. Last but not
least, we hoping that this product still be used until next time and achieved our target.
References
[1]
A. group, "alibaba group," Alibaba group holding limited, 4 april 1999. [Online].
Available: https://alibaba.com/product/60734684048/lathe-CNC-machine-AdjustableFlexible-Metal.html. [Accessed 10 may 2015].
[2]
D. p. opener, "walmart store," Walmart Inc, 2 july 1962. [Online]. Available:
walmart.com. [Accessed 31 october 1969].
[3]
s. s. strainer. [Online]. Available: https://www.amazon.in/Stainless-strainer-RedsignCockroach-Protector/.
[4]
t. o. reservoir. [Online]. Available: trolley oil reservoir
https://www.hydraulicspareparts.com/hydraulic-oil-filteration-trolley.php.
[5]
t. i. 5. grandstand. [Online]. Available: the indy 500 grandstand
https://www.poselg.biz/blog/info/setting-up-a-tank-for-contaimination-control-and-oilanalysis.
[6]
t. t. m. drainer. [Online]. Available:
https:www.commersialfuelsolutions.couk/Tecelamit-Master- .
APPENDICES A
Format Sebenar Dalam Teks Penulisan Laporan Halaman Pertama Setiap Chapter
Baru
APPENDICES B
Format Sebenar Dalam Teks Penulisan Laporan Halaman Seterusnya