This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized
by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the
information in books and make it universally accessible.
https://books.google.com
NEDL TRANSFER
HN
1 ETMK
NATIONAL SERIES ..
DICTATION EXERCISES ;
CONTAINING MANY
WORDS OF COMMON USE WHOSE ORTHOGRAPISY IS DIFFICULT,
INTENDED FOR
REVIEWS IN SPELLING ,
AND
TO BE WRITTEN BY THE PUTIL
BY CHARLES NORTHEND, A. M.
(DEVISED ETTORI
NEW YORK :
PUBLISHED BY A. S. BARNES & CO .
NO . 01 JOHN - STREET .
CINCINNATI :-H W. DERBY & COMPANY ,
1853 .
‫(ماہدد‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫رطمت‬
‫'ر '‬
‫ج یل‬
‫ ۔‬Gift C.S. Brigham
Dec. 15 , 1916 .
‫و‬
‫او را از‬
NATIONAL SERIES .
DICTATION EXERCISES ;
CONTAINING MANY
WORDS OF COMMON USE WHOSE ORTHOGRAPHY IS DIFFICULI
INTENDED FOR
REVIEWS IN SPELLING ,
AND
TO BE WRITTEN BY THE PUPIL .
BY CHARLES NORTHEND, A. M.
66
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS, DANVERS, MASS . ; AUTHOR OF THE TEACHER
AND PARENT," AMERICAN SPEAKER ,77 66SCHOOL DIALOGUES,"
ETC., ETO .
NEW-YORK :
PUBLISHED BY A. S. BARNES & CO .
CINCINNATI :-H . W. DERBY & 01 .
1855 .
KD3374
HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
046 * 12
Katered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1 & 10,
BY CHARLES NORTHEND,
In ins Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massackuw :
PRINTER
cor. John and Dutch -st.
REMARKS .
Tue compiler of this small manual has long been
convinced that the only true method for acquiring
skill and accuracy in spelling , consists in the fre
quent habit of writing words and sentences.
Be
lieving that the more advanced pupils, in most
schools, may very profitably devote a few minutes,
daily, to written exercises in spelling, he has en
deavored to make a selection of phrases and sen
tences adapted to the practice. He has aimed to
bring together those words of common occurrence
which are often misspelt, and at the same time to
illustrate their meaning by combining them into
sentences.
The collection is not intended as a substitute for
the spelling book, but rather as an accompaniment,
to apply and confirm knowledge acquired from the
use of that.
If the older pupils in a school were in the habit
of devoting about ten minutes, daily, to writing
some of the exercises in this book, they could find
time for preparing themselves without neglecting
their regular studies. If a teacher, for instance,
should say to his pupils that he wished them to be
IV
prepared to write a certain page, or part of a page,
near the close of the day, they would be inclined to
devote any leisure and unoccupied moments of the
day to learning the exercises assigned.
At the time of recitation, the teacher should read
the sentences, slowly and distinctly, while the pu
pils write them upon their slates, or in blank books.
They should be required to write legibly, and make
proper use of capitals, marks of punctuation , &c.
If slates are used, they may be speedily and hon
estly examined, by requiring scholars to exchange,
so that each one shall become the inspector of his
neighbor's slate, while the teacher spells the several
words slowly and correctly. All words which are
marked as wrong should be corrected by the pupil
who wrote them .
1
RULES FOR SPELLING.
The following rules are taken, by permission , from the excellent
Dictionary of Dr. Worcester.
1. VERBS of one syllable, ending with a single con
sonant, preceded by a single vowel (as plan ), and verbs
of two or more syllables, ending in the same manner, and
having the accent on the last syllable (as regret ), double
the final consonant of the verb, on assuming an addi
tional syllable; as, plan, planned ; regret, regretted ;
but if a diphthong precedes the last consonant (as join ),
or the accent is not on the last syllable (as suffer ), the
consonant is not doubled ; as, join, joined ; suffer, suf
fered .
2. There is an exception to the last clause of the
above rule, with respect to most of the verbs ending in
the letter I, which, on assuming an additional syllable,
are allowed, by general usage, to double the l, though
the accent is not on the last syllable ; as, travel, travel
ling, travelled, traveller ; libel, libelling, libelled, libeller,
libellous; duel, duelling, dueller, duellist.
But the de
rivatives of parallel are written without doubling the
final l ; as, paralleled , unparalleled.
1*
6
3. The following list comprises the verbs ending in l,
which, without having the accent on the last syllable,
yet commonly double the final l:
apparel,
bevel,
bowel,
cancel,
carol ,
cavil,
channel,
chisel,
counsel,
cudgel,
dishevel ,
drivel,
duel,
embowel,
enamel,
empanel ,
equal,
gambol,
gravel,
grovel,
level,
libel,
model,
panel,
parcel,
pencil,
peril ,
pistol,
pommel,
quarrel,
marshal,
marvel,
ravel,
revel,
handsel,
hatchel,
imperil,
jewel,
kennel,
label,
rival,
rowel,
shovel ,
shrivel ,
snivel,
tassel,
trammel ,
travel.
tunnel,
unravel.
4. The derivatives of these words are spelled, in the
Dictionaries of Perry and Webster, with a single l ; and
this mode is also more or less favored by the lexicogra
phers Ash and Walker, by Bishop Lowth, and by some
other scholars ; and it evidently better accords with the
analogy of the language ; though the prevailing usage is
to double the l.
5. The verb to bias commonly doubles the son assum
ing an additional syllable ; as, biassing, biassed , biasser.
The verb to kidnap, on assuming another syllable,
always doubles the p ; and the word worship, also,
according to general usage, does so ; as, kidnapping,
kidnapped , kidnapper ; worshipping, worshipped , wor
shipper.
6. There is some diversity in usage, with respect to
several other verbs ending in p, and also with respect to
several ending in t, which, although the accent is not on
7
the last syllable, are sometimes allowed to double the
last consonant, when another syllable is added. But the
more correct and regular mode is, to write them without
doubling the final consonant, in the following manner :
Benefit,
benefited,
Buffet,
Closet ,
buffeted,
closeted ,
Develop,
developed,
discomfited,
benefiting.
buffeting.
closeting
developing
discomfiting.
enveloped,
enveloping
Discomfit,
Envelop ,
Fillip ,
Gallop,
filliped,
filliping
Gossip ,
galloped,
gossiped,
Limit,
limited ,
Profit,
Rivet,
profited,
galloping.
gossiping
limiting.
profiting.
Scallop,
Wallop,
scalloped ,
walloped ,
riveted ,
riveting.
scalloping
walloping.
7. Derivative adjectives ending in able are written
without an e before a ; as, blamable, movable, not blame
able, moveable ; except those in which the primitive word
ends in ce or ge ; in such the e is retained, to soften the
preceding consonant ; as, peaceable, changeable.
8. Compound words formed by prefixing a word or
syllable to a monosyllable ending in all, retain the double
l ; as appall, befall, bethrall, downfall, forestall, fuzzball,
headstall, install, inthrall, laystall, miscall, overfall, re
call, saveall, thumbstall, waterfall, windfall. Withal,
therewithal, and wherewithal, end with a single l.
9. A class of other compound words retain the final
double I which is found in the simple words ; as, bride
8
well, foretell, downhill, uphill, molehill, watermill, wind
mill, handmill.
10. Nouns ending in o, preceded by another vowel,
form their plural by the addition of s ; as, cameo, cameos ;
folio, folios ; but if the final o is preceded by a con
sonant, the plural is commonly formed by adding es ; as
cargo, cargoes.
MISCELLANEOUS RULES.
1. Words of one syllable, ending with f, l, or s, pre
ceded by a single vowel, generally double the final con
sonant ; as, chaff, mill, grass.
EXCEPTIONS . — As, of, is, us, has, gas, was, yes, his, this, thus.
2. The plural of words ending in y, preceded by a
consonant, is formed by changing y into ies ; as sky,
skies ; fly, flies, & c.
If a vowel precedes the y, the
plural is formed by adding s ; as, day, days ; money,
moneys, & c.
3. Monosyllables, , ending in double l, usually omit
one l when prefixed to another syllable beginning with a
consonant ; as, skill, skilful; will, wilful.
EXCEPTIONS.
Chillness, illness, stillness, smallness, shrillness, tallness.
4. Words ending in silent e usually omit the e when
prefixed to an additional syllable, beginning with a
vowel; as, mince, mincing ; game, gaming.
EXCEPTIONS. — Words ending in oe ; as, shoe, shoeing. Words end
ing in ce or ge retain the e before able and ous ; as, charge, chargeable ;
outrage, outrageous, &c.
9
5. Final e is retained before the addition of ly, less,
ness, ful, and some ; and usually before ment ; as, wise- ly,
grace-less, base -ness, hope - ful, blithe-some, state -ment.
EXCEPTIONS. — Ane, awful ; due, duly ; argue, argument.
6. Final y is generally changed into i before a suffix
or added syllable, except before ing ; as, mercy, merci
less ; apply, application ; holy, holiness.
7. Final y preceded by a vowel, or when followed by
ing, is not changed ; as, employ, employing ; fancy,
fancying, & c .
EXCEPTIONS. -Y is sometimes changed into e ; as, duty, duteous ,
beauty, beauteous, &c.
8. Verbs ending in ie change those letters. into Y be
fore ing ; as, die, dying ; tie, tying, &c.
REMARKS IN RELATION TO THE TERMINATIONS reve AND eive. - When
ever c precedes the termination , the e will precede the i ; as, deceive,
receive, conceive, & c.
9. The letter m preceded by co, and followed by a
vowel, is generally doubled ; as, command, common .
comment.
EXCEPTIONS. — Comic, coming, comet, comedy, comedian, &c.
CAPITAL LETTERS .
CAPITAL Letters should be used in the following cases, viz . :
1. The first word of every sentence, chapter, or para
graph , should begin with a capital.
10
2. Names applied to the Deity should begin with
capitals ; as, God, Jehovah, Supreme Being, & c.
3. In poetry, the first word of every line should begin
with a capital.
4. The pronoun I, and the interjection 0, should
always be capitals.
5. The names of individuals, countries, states, coun
ties, towns, seas, rivers, streets, & c ., should begin with
capitals ; as, “ John, Russia, Maine, Essex, Danvers,
Caspian, Rhine, " & c.
Adjectives derived fromproper names should begin with
capitals; as, " American, Grecian, English, French,” & c .
6. The first word of a direct quotation, when the
words quoted form a complete sentence of themselves,
should begin with a capital ; as, " Remember this truth :
>>
Man is mortal. '
The first word of an example may also begin with a
capital ; as, the word “ Remember ” in the preceding
sentence.
7. Words of particular importance may begin with
capitals.
8. Every noun and every principal word in the title
of a book should begin with capitals.
9. The names of the months and the days of the
week should always begin with capitals. Other words,
when they are the principal subject of a composition,
may begin with capitals.
The following sentences illustrate the use of words which aro
similar in pronunciation, but different in spelling and signification.
What can ail our friend Thomas ?
He has drank too much strong ale.
The air is pleasant and balmy.
He completed the work ere I arrived.
William is sole heir to the property .
All shoemakers make use of an awl.
It will not be convenient to alter the hour of meeting.
The sacrifice was placed upon the altar.
Carpenters use an auger for boring holes.
The people were deceived by an augur's predictions.
Can aught be done to relieve him ?
His friends think he ought not go to California .
The soldiers were ordered to lay down their arms.
The beggar asked alms of all who passed by.
A stranger walked up the aisle of the church.
He was cast upon a small and barren isle.
They dropped the anchor from the ship's bows.
The vessel contained several ankers of water.
Augustus adds figures very rapidly and correctly.
John cut his foot with a sharp adze.
The ark floated upon the water many days.
It formed the arc of a large circle.
He would not assent to the arrangement.
They found the ascent very steep and toilsome.
12
The prisoner could not procure the requisite bail:
He received a large bale of goods by the express .
The boys knocked the ball with their sticks.
The children bawl lustily in the streets .
Elizabeth received bad news from home.
They bade him not to go until they arrived .
He resided near Chesapeake Bay, in Virginia.
They acted under command of a Turkish bey.
Endeavor to be faithful in every duty.
Henry was sorely stung by a honey bee.
They rode over the beach in a carriage.
The beech abounds in some forests of America.
The cruel man beats his horse with a large stick .
The farmer raises many bushels of beets.
The bin was well filled with choice grain.
Martha has been to visit the museum.
Alfred is too fond of beer, and other malt liquors.
The dead are borne to the grave upon a bier.
The tolling bell reminds us of our frailty.
She was sometimes called the village belle.
The berry was very large and sweet.
They came to bury their dearest friend .
The wind blew violently towards the shore.
Hannah wore a light blue dress and satin bonnet.
The brave soldier was borne along in triumph .
He has gone to that bourn whence no one returns.
The boys were courteous, and made a very civil bow .
They could not readily break the bough.
Bread is sometimes called the staff of life.
George was bred to a useful occupation.
Benjamin could do it, but did not like to.
The merchant had a butt of wine.
Mary called her cousin as she passed by the window.
13
They desired to buy a house in the city.
The pedler would not bate the price of his wares.
We cannot catch fish without bait.
There were several bays along the coast.
Henry's jacket was made of green baize.
The man was old, and his head bald .
The children bawled through the streets.
His head was bare, and his clothes ragged.
The grizzly bear is very ferocious..
The Indians came with their bows and arrows.
Samuel and Luther were the only beaus present
They returned to the place of their birth.
He obtained a berth in the forward cabin .
Dogs delight to bark and bite.
The sailor made a bight with the rope. .
The rabbits were driven into their burrows.
The people assembled in the several boroughs.
They followed him through brake and brier.
It is not easy to break from bad habits.
The breech of the gun was much injured.
The water rushed through the breach of the canal.
The brute was savage and dangerous..
The bruit was heard at a great distance.
Though not a base man, he was a good bass singer
The bowls were filled with the bolls of the plants.
The sails were made of strong canvas.
They made a thorough canvass of the voters.
The man found his coat in the sheep cote.
The juice of the currant is an agreeable acid.
The current of the stream was swift and strong.
He struck the robber with a large cane.
Abel was killed by his brother Cain.
2
14
They heard of the enemy's cannon .
It was strictly against the canon of the church .
The masons made the ceiling of good mortar.
Margaret bought a stick of sealing wax.
The thief was confined in a narrow cell.
He said he would rather buy than sell.
It was difficult to cere it with wax.
He was ordered to sear it with a hot iron.
Joseph performed the part of a seer.
The falling leaves are sere and dead.
Excellent music was performed by the choir .
Sarah bought a quire of paper of a stationer.
His choler was oftentimes rash.
He had a collar around his neck .
The sheriff came to cite him to appear in court.
The procession constituted a beautiful sight.
The site was lofty and pleasant.
The house was built of coarse materials.
Nathaniel pursued an honorable and judicious course.
His corse was borne upon the hearse.
The apples were not sound at the core.
He commanded a fine corps of soldiers.
Harriet promised to call upon her cousin .
The caul is a thin membrane.
Cork will float upon the water.
They did not calk the schooner thoroughly.
They used a calender to smooth the cloth.
The booksellers keep calendars for sale .
Augusta is the capital of the State of Maine.
They assembled in the capitol, at Washington.
The cask was full of pure vinegar.
He wore a casque upon his head.
The gardener should sow good seed.
15
They were unwilling to cede any territory.
The seller should not deceive the purchaser.
The cellar was substantially made.
The scholars were sent hastily away .
Moses found a cent on the side-walk.
Roses produce an agreeable scent.
The committee held a long session .
They could not obtain the cession of the property.
He was fastened with a strong cord.
The instruments did not chord well .
He read the last clause of the paragraph.
An eagle has very sharp claws.
They dwell in a mild and healthy clime.
He found it difficult to climb the mountain .
It happened near the close of the day.
His clothes were soiled and torn.
He received a well -deserved compliment.
There was not a complement present.
It was not right for Thomas to cozen his cousin .
Indians are sometimes very cruel.
The girls were busily employed in working crewel.
The governor affixed his signet to the document.
The boys caught a beautiful cygnet.
He was a Dane, from the north of Denmark.
The king would not deign to hear him.
The deer is a very timid animal..
He purchased the house at a dear rate.
The plants were moistened by the dew .
The mechanic should receive all that is due him.
It is a solemn thing to die.
The man promised to dye the cloth black .
He gave an account of a dire accident.
16
A dyer should be a correct judge of colors.
The sportsman shot a fine doe.
The dough was baked in an oven.
The animal was of a dun color.
If we have done our duty, we shall feel happy.
The atmosphere was full of dust.
Dost thou know to whom thou speakest ?
The man thought much of his morning dram .
The drachm is a small Grecian coin .
Did your
friend call to see you ?
The ewer was filled with pure water.
I injured my eye quite seriously.
I cannot hear you, unless you stand here.
He would fain drive them from the fane.
It is wrong to feign what we do not feel.
She made feint of feeling faint.
The fare in the cars is very moderate.
The weather was fair, but very cool.
The dog killed a beautiful fawn.
The faun was a rural or sylvan deity.
I told my father that I could not walk any farther.
His feet were severely frozen while performing the feat.
Matthew is quite a droll fellow .
The felloe of the wheel was broken .
Philip said he would give him a fillip if he moved .
The wicked flee when no man pursueth .
The flea is a very nimble insect.
The bird flew up the flue of the chimney.
The plant produces a beautiful yellow flower.
The flour was made of excellent wheat.
He came in the forenoon, and went at four o'clock .
17
They went forth for the fourth time.
The boy shot a large water fowl.
The weather was foul and dreary.
They engaged in several frays.
He used a very singular phrase.
All thought the travellers would freeze.
The frieze separates the cornice from the architrave.
The gate was torn from its hinges.
They moved along with an awkward gait.
He was conquered by a Gaul.
It was bitter as gall and wormwood .
The picture was in a gilt frame.
His guilt was clearly established .
He sat in the glare light of the sun.
They found the glair of eggs useful.
The goar of cloth was covered with gore.
There was a great fire in the grate.
It was pulverized by a grater.
He was greater than his brother.
He resided many years in Greece.
It was necessary to grease the wheels.
He constantly grieves for his lost friend.
He was shielded by greaves.
The potatoes have grown rapidly.
They uttered not a groan, nor heaved a sigh.
He entertained his guest with much cordiality.
She guessed that it would be pleasant weather.
Theodore looks ruddy and hale.
There was a violent hail storm on Wednesday.
The hare was greatly worried by the hounds.
2*
18
Her hair is of a beautiful auburn color.
The horses could not haul the load.
The hall was very pleasant and capacious.
The hunter shot the hart in the heart,
His heel was injured by a sharp nail.
The physician said the wound would soon heal.
You can hear readily, if you will stand here.
I heard the noise of a herd of buffaloes.
Hugh went into the woods to hew some timber.
The bird's plumage was of a brilliant hue.
We will hie away to the high mountains.
He could not easily hire good workmen.
The water rose higher than usual.
They asked him to sing a hymn.
A horde of robbers attacked the caravan.
The miser delights in his hoard of silver and gold
The whole body of water rushed through the hole.
The church should be used for holy purposes.
The people were wholly idolatrous.
A hoop was broken from the barrel.
The whoop of the savages was distinctly heard.
Our time was limited to an hour.
He kept an inn in Cincinnati.
He could merely indite a short letter.
The grand jury refused to indict the man.
He lost a key while walking on the quay.
It is not easy to kill an alligator.
The kiln was full of bricks.
The nave of the wheel was much injured.
None but a knave would have committed the deed.
19
They much need assistance.
She said she would Icnead the dough .
Francis knew that the book was a new one .
It was during a dark and stormy night.
He was honored as a knight.
Harriet could not untie the knot.
We know that he will say no.
He knows that the man's nose was injured .
His discipline was lax and inefficient.
He lacks many desirable qualities.
They will lade the vessel on Tuesday.
He laid the books upon the bureau .
The beggar had lain down in a narrow lane.
The horse was led to the pasture.
The water passed through a lead pipe.
The ship was seen on the lee side.
The boys bounded over the lea.
A leaf was torn from the arithmetic.
He said he would as lief go as not.
They could not find the leak .
The leek is a sort of onion.
He leaves the village this morning.
The leaves are falling from the trees.
The instructor said he would lessen the lesson .
They were about to levy taxes.
A large number went to the President's levee,
The man was a notorious liar.
Lydia plays skilfully on the lyre.
A large limb was broken from the elm.
He could not limn accurately.
Lo ! the warriors go to battle.
The berries grew on low bushes.
20
The load was heavy, and the oxen lowed .
It is a lone and tedious journey.
The farmer would not loan his plough.
There was no lock on the door.
They sailed upon the smooth loch, (or lough .)
He was skilled in ancient lore.
A lower descent may prove effectual.
The maid was careless and indolent.
Her bonnet was new, and prettily made.
The masculine gender denotes animals of the male sex .
The mail had not arrived at nine o'clock, P. M.
The commander was clad in mail.
The horse's mane was very long.
Portland is the main city in the State of Maine.
Many vessels sailed over the main .
They were in a maze as to the proper course.
The Indians cultivated maize.
It was achieved in a singular manner.
He was to the manor born .
The clock stood upon the mantel.
She wrapped her mantle around her.
The mark was clearly and peculiarly made.
He was acting under marque, when he captured the ship.
The marshal placed them in martial array.
The Mede said he never drank mead .
It was a generous meed for a noble act.
His mien was unbecoming.
The transaction was a truly mean one.
They meet on Thursday to mete out the provisions.
The meat of the deer is called venison .
He measured the coal with a meter.
The stanzas were in common metre.
21
He was unwilling to muse on the past.
The cat mews piteously.
It was made of brittle metal.
The horse was deficient in mettle.
They might contribute a mite to help the cause .
The miners have been very successful.
Minors should obey their parents or guardians.
The farmers say the grass was mown too soon.
It was sad to hear them moan their loss.
The basin was filled with motes.
The land was drained by moats.
It is sometimes desirable to say " Nay. "
We could easily hear the horses neigh.
She determined to enter the convent as a nun.
None were present, except Susan and Caroline.
The net was broken by the multitude of fishes.
The nett profits amounted to a thousand dollars.
The mountain abounded in iron ore.
The boatman broke his oar when near the shore.
The bird flew swiftly o’er the ocean.
The sportsman killed an otter with his rifle.
It resembled the ottar of roses.
One laboring man won the medal.
He called at our house an hour ago.
A squirrel jumped through a pane of glass.
The wounded soldier suffers much pain.
You should not pare a pear with a pair of scissors.
Pallas was a heathen goddess.
The king's palace was destroyed by fire.
She was carrying a pail, and looked very pale.
22
The painter was on his pallet, with palette in hand.
There was some defect in the boy's palate.
Paul covered the coffin with the pall.
The paws of the beast caused the man to pause.
Peace prevailed throughout the earth.
The man gave the lad a piece of money.
The bird stood upon the peak of the spire.
He indulged a very foolish pique.
The peel of the orange was very thick.
We plainly heard the peal of the bells.
The man stood beside his peer upon the pier.
Peter made free use of saltpetre in packing his pork.
It is an excellent piace for catching plaice.
I used a plane to produce a plain and smooth surface
The plates were broken into fragments.
The garment was covered with plaits.
The pleas did not please the judges.
The plum was unripe, and very sour.
The carpenter uses a plumb line.
The pole was ten feet in length.
The assessors caused him to pay a poll tax.
It was a foolish and hurtful practice.
To practise any immorality is wrong.
The prisoner prays earnestly for pardon.
The wolf preys upon the sheepfold.
What profit does the prophet obtain ?
The queen's reign was a prosperous one.
The rain fell in torrents, and did much injury.
A horse is easily guided by a rein .
They raise him up that he may see the sun's rays.
They attempted to raze the house to the ground.
Did some one rap at the front door ?
1
23
Wrap your cloak closely about you.
Many school-houses were formerly painted red .
Ellen read with a clear and distinct tone.
The reed was slender and readily broken.
If you would read well, read slow.
The captain did not reck the wreck of his ship.
When fatigued we need rest.
How did they wrest it from him ?
The rise of the water covered the rice fields.
The vessel was under the care of the rigger.
They became accustomed to the rigor of the weather.
The wheel-wright could not write correctly.
The rite was not performed right.
The ring was made of California gold .
She went out to wring the clothes.
He rode over the turnpike road on horseback.
The boat was rowed by six strong men.
The hunters pursued the roe till dark.
The trees were carefully placed in a row .
No good boy will be rude in his conduct.
He bought two acres and one rood of tillage land.
The choir sang the tunes by rote.
The Secretary wrote very neatly.
While on the route they were put to rout by the eremy.
The lady wore a richly wrought ruff.
The weather was stormy, and the water rough.
The reapers were cutting the rye.
The boy exhibited a very wry face.
They offered the house for sale at auction.
The packet will sail on Saturday afternoon .
A sylvan god is called a Satyr.
The speaker's satire was very severe.
24
The schoolboys love to skate on the frozen river.
The fisherman caught a large scate.
The man's skull was badly fractured.
It requires some skill to scull a boat.
The scene was truly beautiful and unique.
I have seen the men draw the seine.
Do you see that steamboat on the sea ?
They seem not to observe the opening seam.
He sees the dog seize the rabbit.
Is it so that you sow the oats ?
They sew the cloth with a needle and thread.
It was the sine of the arc.
The sign was considered almost infallible.
The weaver sleys the thread with care.
The warrior slays his foes.
Sleighs glide swiftly over the smooth ice.
You should not slight your friends.
He deceived them by sleight of hand.
The bushes were covered with sloe berries.
His movements were slow and cautious.
The sores were extremely painful.
The eagle soars towards the sun .
The sword remained in its scabbard .
They soared aloft as on eagles' wings.
He obtained the sole agency for the sale of the goods.
Man possesses a living soul.
The required sum was promptly paid.
Some people are too credulous.
His son sailed just as the sun was setting..
It is rude to stare at people.
The stair was broken in the centre.
The lamb was fastened to a stake.
The man was very fond of beef-steak .
1
25
The light was brilliant, and appeared stationary.
The boy was employed in a stationery store.
The thief said he would never steal again.
The knife was made of the best of steel.
The ship entered the harbor in fine style.
They entered the field over the stile.
The vessel sailed straight through the strait.
The suttle weight was eighty -eight pounds.
He was a very subtle man.
They cut the sucker from the tree.
They were beyond the reach of succor.
The grapes were large and very sweet.
The President and suite visited the city.
It was but a faint symbol of the reality.
The sound of the cymbal was plainly heard.
The carpet was fastened with tacks.
They were obliged to pay a heavy tax .
Their tale was sad, and soon told.
The tail of the kite became entangled .
The allowance for tare was small.
A careful scholar will not tear his book.
The air teems with insects .
The teams were detained by a violent storm .
Tears flowed freely down his cheeks.
The casks were arranged in tiers.
The writing had a very terse appearance .
There was about a tierce of wine.
The book I gave thee was a valuable one.
Their property was not found there.
Daniel threw a stone through the window .
It was wrong to throw away useful property .
The last throe was violent and sudden .
3
26
The tire came from the wheel.
Tyre was an ancient and famous city.
The king was driven from his throne.
The books were thrown about the floor.
It is not the best time to gather thyme.
The boat was tied beyond the reach of the tida.
Two boys were too indolent to succeed .
The toe of the shoe was stuffed with tow .
You cannot tole the dog far from home.
They demanded toll at the bridge.
They dwelt in a beautiful vale.
The lady wore an elegant veil.
The vane indicates a westerly wind.
It will be in vain that you open a vein.
He played skilfully upon the viol.
The vial was full of medicine.
Vice abounded in the village.
The vise is used for many mechanical purposes.
The men wade in the salt water.
They weighed the sugar accurately.
The moon wanes, and the loaded wains return .
We should not waste aught that is valuable.
Her slender waist betokened delicate health.
Wait until I ascertain the weight of the cheese.
The pedler wears a drab coat, and carries his wures in a
wagon .
The waves roll toward the shore.
William waives the question uselessly.
The way is narrow , rough, and crooked.
Scales are used to weigh various articles with.
He was very weak, a week ago yesterday.
27
She weekly grows more weakly.
They would buy the wood at any price.
Ye cannot honestly answer, yea .
You were last seen near the yew tree.
The following sentences embrace words which are often wrongly
used for each other.
They would not accept the proposition, except on very
arbitrary conditions.
There was quite an addition to the last edition of the
arithmetic .
They are not sufficiently exposed to the air.
The ants were very numerous and troublesome, at my
aunt's house.
It was very apposite that they should live on opposite
sides of the street.
I now apprize you that I shall appraise the property
to-morrow.
He is too arrant to be intrusted with such an errand.
He acts as though he were accustomed to use the axe.
The bacon was lost for the want of a beacon.
The bran was thrown upon the burning brand.
He burst open the door, and broke a costly bust.
The man's salary would not enable him to buy celery
often .
The council gave excellent counsel.
A courier was sent with a message to the currier.
28
He sat in a chair, and appeared to enjoy good cheer.
Tha choral song was heard near the coral reef.
Travellers in a desert must not expect a rich dessert after
dinner .
They emerge from the woods, and immerge in the river.
An eminent physician was subjected to imminent danger.
I suspect you did not expect to see me to -day.
They flay the sheep, and then flee away.
They came from a far country with a cargo of fur.
The gaol (or jail ) frequently forms the goal of the
thief's operations.
His genius was not of a very useful genus.
The farmer was in quite a huff, because the smith had
injured the hoof of his horse.
To be ingenuous, the man was very ingenious.
The jest was made just before the separation of the
company .
If you loose the rope, you will lose the boat.
He was in trouble, lest his work should appear least of
all.
I lie upon the ground in order that I may lay the bricks
smoothly.
He fastened a line to the loin of veal.
They went upon the marsh to mash up the berries.
29
If he meddles with the scholars' medals, he will do wrong
The weather was very mild , and she walked a mil .
before breakfast.
They are so far off that we know but little of them.
He placed his pillow near the pillar of the building.
The point of the matter is, that he drank a pint of wine.
The president declared that the case was without pre
cedent.
The principal objection is, that the step involves a new
principle.
I prophesy that the captain's prophecy was incorrect.
When he paid for the recipe, he took a receipt.
The radish was of a dark reddish color.
You can sit down while I set the things in order.
The statute forbade the removal of the statue.
If they shear the cloth, it will make it too sheer.
The sense of the sentence has appeared plain since he
explained it.
He threw the spear towards the church spire.
It was clearly shown that the sun had not shone upon it.
The valley was fertile, and of much value.
The wick of the lamp will continue to burn nearly a
week .
It is doubtful whether he weather will prove favorable.
The leaves do not wither whither he has gone.
3*
30
The following sentences contain the names of various kinds of
fruit, and articles used as food . It will be useful to require some
account of each .
The fruits of the orchard, the productions of the
garden , the nuts of the forest, the fowls of the air, the
beasts of the field, and the fishes of the sea, all con
tribute to man's support and gratification.
He eats the juicy pear, the mellow apple, the pulpy
cherry, the luscious plum , the downy peach and necta
rine, the delicious strawberry, the acid currant and
poseberry, the raspberry, with a variety of other berries,
and the sweet grape.
Oranges, lemons, olives, dates, tamarinds, citrons, figs,
and raisins, also abound, for indulging man's appetite,
and affording grateful nourishment.
The asparagus, the cucumber, the cabbage, the deli
cate cauliflower, the nutritious potato, the pea, the bean,
the turnip, the bulbous onion, the red beet, the yellow
carrot, the parsnip, the tomato, the radish, the celery, the
lettuce, and the dandelion , appear on his table.
The walnut, the filbert, the chestnut, the almond, the
oil-nut, the cocoa-nut, and many other nuts of the woods,
are at his command.
From the fertile fields he gathers rich crops of wheat,
rye, barley, maize, oats, and other kinds of grain.
He also eats the wild game of the forests, such as the
partridge, the pheasant, the robin , the plover, the pigeon,
the timid hare and rabbit ; also, the venison of the deer,
the beef of the or, the mutton of the sheep, the tender
lamb, the veal of the calf, and the pork of swine.
From the brooks, rivers, or ocean , he obtains the rich
31
salmon, the halibut, the cod , the haddock, the trout, the
herring , the mackerel, the shad, the plaice, the eel, the
pike or pickerel, and the oyster. Even the small shrimp
cannot escape him ; the lobster, the turtle, and anchovies,
appear on his table.
For quenching his thirst, man uses ale, beer, cider,
wine, tea, coffee, chocolate, mead, lemonade ; and, better
than all, the pure water of the gushing fountain.
SHRUBBERY, FLOWERS, AND TREES.
For ornamenting our gardens we have the sweet-brier,
eglantine, woodbine, columbine, rose, lilac, snowberry,
which, with the sweet clover, the beautiful pink, bright
morning-glory, orange marigold, sensitive " touch -me
not,” delicate lily, sweet-william , and various other
tlowering plants, fill the air with fragrance, and make
nature look lively and cheerful.
A well-trimmed hedge, or the neat box, forms a hand
some and appropriate border to the paths and avenues.
If we walk into the forests we may behold the stately
pak, the walnut or hickory, the chestnut, the hemlock,
che pine, the spruce, the cedar, the locust, the birch , the
sycamore, the ash , the beech, and the alder, with many
other trees which are prized as ornaments, or valued for
building purposes, or for use in the arts. The majestic
elm , the erect poplar, the mournful cypress, the bending,
or weeping willow , the maple, the fir, the larch, and the
arbor vitæ , are often used to adorn and shade streets ,
yards, and cemeteries. When covered in their foliage
they make a beautiful appearance.
32
In the sentences which follow , will be found the names of many
household articles, furniture, &c.
For culinary purposes, the kettle, the boiler, the spider,
the gridiron, the griddle, the coffee-pot, the porringer,
and the stew - pan , will be found very useful; and these,
together with a cupboard, sink, wash-basin, broom ,
shovel, flat-irons, or sad-irons, furnace, and cook -stove,
constitute an important part of kitchen furniture.
Plates, knives and forks, spoons, bowls, tumblers,
pitchers, tureens, and a variety of glass and crockery
ware, are usually kept in cupboards.
Pork, beef, butter, apples, potatoes, and various vege
tables and liquors, are stored in cellars, either in barrels,
firkins, casks, hogsheads, or kegs.
In parlors and sitting-rooms we have occasion to use
chairs, crickets, tables, ottomans, sofas, lounges, mirrors,
solar and astral lamps, candelabras, carpets, curtains, etc.
In chambers, bedsteads, mattresses, pillows, counter
panes, blankets, quilts, bureaus, closets, and drawers are
very convenient.
A library room is a suitable place for depositing
volumes, stationery, periodicals, newspapers, & c.
Broken or damaged furniture, and various articles
that are not wanted for immediate use, are often stored
in garrets.
ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, & c .
Bonnets, gloves, shawls, cloaks, visites, mantles, man
tillas, gowns, aprons, ribbons, laces, slippers, and gaiters
33
are worn by ladies, and parasols are used to shield then
from the piercing rays of the sun.
Hats, caps, surtouts, stocks, cravats, handkerchiefs,
pantaloons, coats, vests, jackets, stockings, boots, shoes,
mittens, and gloves, are worn by men and boys ; and
umbrellas are used to shelter those who carry them from
the rain and snow.
ARTICLES OF TRADE .
At a grocery store we may purchase oranges, lemons,
raisins, figs, sugar, honey, molasses, tea, coffee, choco
late, rice, cinnamon , pepper, saleratus, butter, cheese, cas
sia, sago, tapioca, cloves, nutmegs, ginger, starch, soap ,
flour, bacon or ham, meal, biscuit, oil, and many other
articles.
The dealer in dry goods buys and sells silles, woollens,
flannels, broadcloths, cassimeres, satinets, cotton and
linen cloths, cambrics, calicoes, muslins, ginghams,
bombazines, camlets, buckrams, combs, brocade, satins,
velvets, sarcenets, tiffany, gauze, crapes, laces, gimps,
yarn, thread, needles, handkerchiefs, & c .
In a hardware store they traffic in cutlery, iron and
wooden ware, farming implements, mechanics tools,
brushes, glue, nails, screws, window and door fixtures
and fastenings, & c .
VARIOUS
TOOLS
AND
IMPLEMENTS
USED
BY
DIFFERENT
TRADES.*
The farmer uses the plough for breaking and turning
the soil ; the harrow for reducing and levelling it ; the
* It will be found useful to require scholars to ascertain and tell for what
particular purpose or purposes each tool is used , and , as far as may be, how it
is used .
34
roller for smoothing it ; the shovel, spade, and hoe, for
sundry purposes ; the cultivator for loosening the soil and
removing weeds ; the scythe, sickle, and cradle, for cut
ting grass and grain ; the rake, for gathering the hay
into piles ; and the pitchfork, for loading and unloading
the same .
He cuts his corn - stalks with a knife, and
should have a grindstone with which he may sharpen
his tools.
The carpenter constructs houses and other buildings,
and has occasion to use the broad -axe, hatchet, adze, suw,
auger, gimlet, bit, gauge, gouge, square, compass, ham
mer, mallet, level,plane, shave, chisel, &c.
The blacksmith works on iron and steel.
He uses a
forge and bellows, an anvil, a sledge-hammer, a vice,
tongs, pincers, rasps, files, lathes, & c. He shoes horses
and oxen, for which purpose he uses wrought nails.
The printer uses a press, roller, type, and stereotype
plates. There are various kinds or sizes of types, the
most common of which are the
Pica ,
Small Pica,
Brevier,
Minion,
Nonpareil ,
Pearl,
Long Primer,
Bourgeois ,
Script.
The school-room is the scholar's workshop. His tools
should consist of apparatus, blackboards, maps, charts,
slates, pencils, ink -stands, arithmetics, grammars, geog
raphies, philosophies, astronomies, geologies, histories,
physiologies, book -keeping, &c. It is more important
that he should learn to use a few of these skilfully, than
to gain an imperfect and partial knowledge of all
35
The following terms are used in architecture, and it will be a
aluable exercise if the pupils are required to write each word, and
lefine it or describe its use .
Column, wall, lintel, arch, abutment, arcade, vault,
dome, keystone, roof, façade, entablature, cornice, frieze,
architrave, capital, shaft, base, die, plinth, steeple, tower,
spire, turret, pinnacle, rafter, eaves, cill.
The productions of different countries are various, and the ex
changing of the surplus productions of one country for those of other
countries , is called commerce .
The following is a list of the principal surplus productions of
different countries, and when sent abroad they are called exports.
From ARABIA, — Aloes, coffee, frankincense , gum arabic,
myrrh .
" Asiatic ISLANDS , — Camphor , cloves, coffee, ginger,
nutmegs, pepper, & c.
BAI BARY STATES, — Fruit, gums, hides, leather,
ostrich feathers, wax.
BELGIUM , — Flax, grain, hops, laces, woollens, & c .
"
Brazil, — Coffee, cotton, diamonds, dye -wood,
gold, sugar, tobacco, wheat.
British AMERICA, - Fish, flour, furs, lumber.
CAPE COLONY, — Brandy, hides, ostrich feathers,
tallow , wine.
Chili, — Copper, cotton , fruits, gold, hemp, hides,
silver, sugar, wheat.
“ CHINA, — Articles of ivory and pearl, nankeens,
4
porcelain , teas, silks.
Where is Arabia ?. What its capital, government, & c. ? How would you go from
New York to Arabia ? For what are aloos useful
arabio ! Myrrh !
Coffee !
Frankincenso i Gum
36
From DENMARK,
Beef, butter, cattle, cheese, grain,
horses, pork.
EASTERN AND WESTERN AFRICA, AND EGYPT, - Cot
ton, fruits, grain, indigo, linseed, ivory, gold,
rice, sugar, ostrich feathers.
"
EQUADOR, - Coffee, cotton, fruits, indigo.
5
FRANCE, — Brandy, cotton, linens, porcelains, silks,
toys, wine, woollens.
"
GERMANY, — Grains, linens, and various articles of
silver, copper, &c.
GREAT BRITAIN, — Cottons, hardware, linens, por
celain, woollens, & c.
GREENLAND, -Seal-skins, oil, and whalebone.
" GUATIMALA, — Cocoa, indigo, logwood, mahogany.
"
GUIANA, --- Coffee, cottons, fruits, sugar, & c.
HINDOSTAN, - Coffee, cottons, indigo, opium, rice,
silks, sugar.
HOLLAND , — Butter, cheese, fine linens, woollens,
and various manufactures.
66 ITALY, — Fruits, grain, oil, silks, wines.
IRELAND, -- Barley, beef, butter, hides, linen, pota
toes, tallow .
66 JAPAN , - Cotton and silk goods, Japan ware , por
celain.
"
Mexico, — Cochineal, fruits, gold, logwood, silver.
MADEIRA AND CANARY ISLANDS, - Fruits and wine.
New GRENADA , - Coffee, cocoa, cotton , fruits,
indigo, sugar.
" PERSIA, — Carpets, cotton, gum, rice, rhubarb,
silks, shawls, wine.
PERU, - Cotton, fruits, gold , mercury, Peruvian
bark, silver, sugar.
Russia, — Furs, grain, hemp, iron, linen, tallow ,
timber, platina.
37
From SPAIN AND PORTUGAL, — Fruits, oil, salt, silks, wine,
wool .
SWEDEN AND NORWAY, - Copper, fish, iron, steel,
timber.
TURKEY, — Carpets, cotton, grain, fruits, muslins,
oil, swords, wine.
UNITED STATES, — Beef, cottons, coals, corn, fruits,
fish , lumber, flour, pitch, rice, pork , lead,
lime, salt, woollens, &c.
“
West INDIES, - Coffee, cotton, fruits, indigo, mo
lasses, rum, spice, sugar.
SWITZERLAND, — Cotton and silk goods, lace, linen,
jewelry, paper, watches, & c.
Note. — The above may be extended by the teacher, and constitute a
valuable exercise in geography, as well as in orthography. If the pupil is
asked where the several countries named are situated, what their capitals.
chief cities, rivers, and mountains are, it may readily be seen that the few
ines above may form the basis of several useful lessons.
MISCELLANEOUS
EXERCISES .
1. It is said that the severe anguish arising from a
burn or scald, may be assuaged by the continued appli
cation of vinegar .
2. They had succeeded in extinguishing the fire be
fore the arrival of the guests.
3. The buildings and goods which we possess to-day
may be destroyed by the conflagration of to-morrow .
4. We should persuade and guide all we can from the
paths of guile, disguise, and guilt, and point to the ways
of true wisdom, virtue, and happiness.
4
38
5. There is the same principle of guilt in stealing
fruit as in stealing guineas.
6. The lambs and calves are enjoying themselves in
the green fields and pastures.
7. The dog was gnawing a bone when a gnat bit
him, and caused him to gnash his teeth and growl.
8. The soldiers carried guns and bayonets, with knap
sacks well filled with cartridges.
9. The bullet, the sword, and the spear were instru
ments of death to multitudes on the battle - field .
10. The dumb beast kicked the man with violence,
and injured his wrist and knuckles.
11. As David was making a willow whistle, his knife
slipped and wounded his knee severely.
12. The chalk, of which we talk, was found during
our morning's walk, near the orchard.
13. The psalm was sung at the close of a delightful
and calm day in autumn.
14. The hymn was written for a solemn occasion, and
appeared very appropriate.
15. The massive columns were fluted, and made of
the best of Quincy granite.
16. The plague in London , in 1666, abated after a
fire which consumed the principal buildings of the city.
17. Albert was thrown from a horse, and had his
ankle, thigh, and shoulder severely injured .
39
18. In building the chimney the masons were obliged
to cut off one of the rafters near the scuttle.
19. The merchant's embarrassment was the result of
injudicious and unprofitable bargains.
20. Anna made every suitable preparation for the
separation from her friends and for her journey to the
seminary in Ipswich.
21. The recitations and exhibition of the scholars
were extremely creditable to them, and gratifying to
their friends and numerous spectators .
22. A pleasant walk in the morning, with an agree
able companion, will give us an appetite for breakfast.
23. I have seen a beautiful scene on the river Seine,
while arranging my seine for catching fish.
24. I communicated my commission to the commit
tee, who commended it with uncommon approbation as
coming from individuals anxious to make exertions com
mensurate with the interests of commerce, agriculture,
and manufactures.
25. Although the field was rough and filled with
tough roots, the farmer endeavored to plough it in a
thorough manner, and after he had completed the work,
he drove his oxen through a deep slough near the water
ing trough, and gave them hay enough to eat.
26. The soldier was troubled with a cough , and on
that account he obtained a furlough to visit his family,
and when weary of walking he rested under the shady
bough of a beautiful tree.
40
27. It was troublesome enough to hiccough so often
while kneading the dough.
28. He ought to have exercised a little more fore
thought, and sought a place where he might have
bought better wrought work.
29. A diphthong is a union of two vowels in one
sound.
30. The diameter of a circle is about one third of its
circumference.
31. The surgeon was called soon after the accident,
and, after examining the injured limb, expressed the
opinion that it would be necessary to amputate the arm
above the elbow.
32. When you are an apprentice, if you become dis
honest, you may be taken by the police before a justice ;
therefore take advice and be cautious : neret indulge in
avarice, nor in any foolish caprice, nor in the wickedness
of malice, or vice of any nature.
33. The physician found his patient very sick, and
left a prescription for obtaining some medicine of the
apothecary, which he hoped would afford speedy relieſ
34. As the cars approached the depot, or station, the
switch was displaced, and the whole train was thrown
from the track, and much damage was done, though no
lives were lost. The superintendent, engineer, conduc
tor, breakman, baggage master, and several passengers,
were slightly bruised.
35. The funeral procession was very long, and the
hearse was followed by coaches, carryalls, barouches,
chaises, wagons, and carriages of every description.
41
36. His manner of speaking is earnest and forcible,
and he will prove a valuable auxiliary to those who
labor in circulating the temperance pledge, and in pro
moting every good cause.
37. The church was spacious, commodious, and
symmetrical, — each pew containing room for eight
persons, and the seats covered with scarlet-colored
cushions. The seats in the gallery were free to any
whọ chose to occupy them.
38. One chandelier hung over the broad aisle, near
the pulpit, and another near the orchestra, that members
of the choirmight distinctly read the hymns they sang.
39.
The
thermometer
indicated extremely cold
weather, though the barometer gave evidence of
speedy change, and of an approaching storm.
40. The telegraph brings news from afar with light
ning speed, while the telescope enables us to behold, dis
tinctly, objects that are invisible to the naked eye.
41. While visiting the ruins of the castle, we heard
the hooting of owls, and the howls of the greedy wolves.
42. The Indian was sleeping soundly, unconscious
that his canoe was bearing him rapidly towards the fatal
brink of the foaming cataract.
43. We saw in the harbor one ship, two steamboats,
seven sloops, three schooners, eight brigs and barks, and
a large number of yachts.
44. We visited the menagerie on Wednesday after
noon , and saw a lion and lioness with their whelp, a
4*
42
royal tiger, a panther, a spotted leopard, a giraffe or
camelopard, a beautiful striped zebra, an elephant with
his huge proboscis, a rhinoceros, a grizzly bear, a Shet
land pony, and several monkeys and apes.
45. As I stood upon the piazza of the hotel, enjoying
the picturesque scenery in the vicinity, sudden flashes of
vivid lightning, and loud peals of thunder, warned me
to seek shelter within doors.
46. The nurse said that saffron tea was good for one
having the measles, and the bark of the wild cherry for
persons having the jaundice.
47. Every day's observation and experience prompted
him to sympathize with the afflicted, and afford aid to
the needy and distressed.
48. The receiving reservoir was completed at an
early day, and rendered impervious by a thick lining of
water-proof cement.
49. The children were in great jeopardy from the
furious approach of a wild heifer.
50. The boys spoke an interesting dialogue in relation
to the decalogue, or ten commandments.
51. A synagogue is a place of religious worship with
the Jews.
52. The memoirs of the benevolent and good may
be perused with profit by all.
53. It was a mystery to many, how so small a person
could consume so large a quantity of victuals.
0
43
54. Susan read with proper emphasis, but her pro
nunciation and inflections were very incorrect.
55 .
When I am dead no pageant train
Shall waste their sorrows at my bier ;
Nor worthless pomp of homage vain
Stain it with hypocritic tear." *
56. The sergeant was a social man, and quite inclined
to indulge in raillery.
57. We saw a solitary traveller at a great height on
the mountain, and he had a portmanteau with him, and
was well accoutred, in every respect, for the hazardous
expedition he had undertaken .
58. Butchers slaughter many cattle and sheep, and
carry their flesh to market to sell.
59. The eagle flew swiftly to her eyry, and the hawk
to her mountain nest.
60. The people had a grand jubilee on the anniversary
of the achievement of their freedom .
61. Millions of dollars were spent during the revolu
tionary struggle for liberty.
62. Stephen Girard managed his financial affairs with
great shrewdness and accuracy .
63. “The only, the perpetual dirge
That's heard here, is the sea -bird's cry ,
The mournful murmur of the surge,
The cloud's deep voice, the wind's low sigh."
* A stanza of poetry is introduced occasionally, as affording an exercise in
the use of capitals, as well as a spelling exercise .
44
64. The cistern was sufficiently large to contain
many barrels of water.
65. His habits of dissipation led him to the commis
sion of heinous offences, for which he was sentenced to
solitary confinement in a dungeon.
66. He professed great familiarity with every system
- of astronomy.
67. The overseer's discipline was so severe, that he
was considered cruel, tyrannical, and oppressive in his
treatment of those under his control.
68. His life and character constituted a rich and
valuable legacy to those connected by ties of consan
guinity or friendship.
69. The victors returned laden with trophies of their
valor and success.
70. The auctioneer warranted the goods he offered as
in a perfect condition, and made the terms very favor
able to purchasers.
71. He appeared calm and placid, though he had
evidently suffered an irreparable loss.
72. Though his suggestions seemed valuable, it was
found impracticable to adopt them under existing cir
cumstances.
73. The executive mansion was vacated, that its
several apartments might be thoroughly repaired,
cleansed, and renovated
45
74. The secretary said he would cheerfully acquiesce
in any arrangement which might be deemed for the
general good of the association.
75. The excavations were made in order that the
aqueduct might be constructed in a scientific manner.
76. One may pursue a college course of study with
out acquiring that knowledge which will qualify him
for the business pursuits of life.
77. As the train was passing down a descending
grade, the speed was greatly augmented.
78. The western hemisphere contains North and
South America, the West Indies, and many other
islands.
79. The performance passed off pleasantly as a very
good burlesque.
80. The Isthmus of Panama is quite prominent at the
present time, and is crossed by multitudes who are on
their way to the modern El Dorado in search of gold.
81. The accident was a very disastrous one, though
previous accounts of it have been greatly exaggerated.
82. Latitude is distance from the equator, and cannot
exceed ninety degrees north or south.
83. Longitude is distance, east or west, from arı
established meridian, and cannot exceed one hundred
and sixty degrees either way.
84. The peninsula terminated in a lofty and bold
promontory, which was quite dangerous to mariners.
46
85. The ship sailed across the Indian Ocean , through
the Straits of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea, and
thence into the Grecian Archipelago.
86. The three distinct branches of the government
are the legislative, the judicial, and the executive.
87. “ Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,
Their homely joys, and destiny obscure ;
Nor Grandeur hear, with a disdainful smile,
The short and simple annals of the poor."
88. Accustom yourselves to think of the distresses of
human life ; of the solitary cottage, the dying parent, and
the weeping orphan.
89. The maniac was taken to the insane asylum,
where he received the attention best adapted to one in
his unfortunate condition .
90. “Oppression shall not always reign ;
There comes a brighter day,
When freedom , burst from every chain,
Shall have triumphant way . "
91. An industrious and persevering scholar will sur
mount all obstacles and difficulties, and make improve
ment in all his studies.
92. The mayor of the city exercised the authority
and influence of his honorable office in a manner to pro
mote the true interests of the citizens ; and, aided by an
efficient and judicious police, he maintained order and
peace.
47
93. The survivors of the shipwreck suffered hard
ships and privations beyond the power of language to
describe, or of imagination to depict.
94. " His brow was sad ; his eye, beneath,
Flashed like a falchion from its sheath ;
And like a silver clarion rung
The accents of that unknown tongue,
Excelsior ! ”
95. Avoirdupois weight is used in weighing most
kinds of merchandise and metals, with the exception of
gold, silver, and platina.
96. Federal money is the national currency of the
United States, and English money that of Great Britain .
97. Square measure is used in measuring boards,
plastering, flooring, painting, and any other kind of
work where length and breadth only are concerned.
98. The students went through a regular routine of
exercises daily.
99. Amphibious animals are those that live both in
the water and on the land.
100. The traveller among the Alps, in Switzerland, is
often in imminent danger from an avalanche of glaciers.
101. Many vessels were moored at the wharf during
the storm, and escaped injury.
102. If the man was not an accomplished villain, he
was certainly guilty of the most outrageous and villa
nous conduct on the occasion alluded to.
48
103. The robbery was one of the most daring that
has been committed for many years.
104. Let your whole life and conduct be characterized
by a due regard to truth, honesty, virtue, temperance,
justice, courtesy, and true manliness.
105. “ Under a spreading chestnut tree
The village smithy stands ;
The smith, a mighty man is he,
With large and sinewy hands;
And the muscles of his brawny arms
Are strong as iron bands.
Week in , week out, from morn till night,
You can hear his bellows blow ;
You can hear him swing his heavy sledge,
With measured beat and slow,
Like a sexton ringing the village bell
When the evening sun is low .”
106. Strive earnestly and constantly to accomplish a
good work, and be faithful in the performance of every
suty before you.
107. “ Do good ; shun evil ; live not thou
As if at death thy being died ;
Nor error's siren voice allow
To draw thy steps from truth aside ;
Look to thy journey's end, — the grave !
And trust in Him whose arm can save."
49
NAMES OF PERSONS .
The following list contains most of the names applied to individuals.
An occasional exercise in these will be profitable.
Names of countries, cities, rivers, mountains, &c. , are not inserted,
as they may be, very properly, connected with recitations in geog
raphy .
MALES .
Aa -ron
A'-bel
A-bi'-el
Chris '-to -pher
Fran'-cis
Cy'-rus
Fred'-er-ic
Dan'-iel
Da'-vid
Gid ' - e -on
George
A -bi'- jah
Ab'-ner
Ad'-am
A '-bra-ham
Al '-bert
Al-ex- an'-der
Al' - fred
Eb - en - e ' -zer
Ed ' -mund
Ed ' -ward
Gil' -bert
Gus- ta ' - vus
Hen '- ry
Al-phe'-us
Eg'-bert
A '-mos
Am '- a-sa
An '-drew
E -le - a ' -zer
E- li'as
Hez - e -ki'-ah
Hi'-ram
Hor '- ace
Ho-raº -tio
Ho-se'- a
An'-tho-ny
E-li-hu
Hugh
A -pol'-los
E -li'-jah
Hum '- phrey
Ar-thur
E - li'- sha
A ' -sa
E -li '-pha -let
Ich ' - a -bod
Au -gus'-tus
E ' -noch
I'-ra
E ' - nos
I '- saac
Is'- ra - e .
E-li'-ab
Bar' -na -bas
E '-phra -im
Ben '-ja -min
E-ras'-tus
E '-than
Ca ' - leb
Eu-gene
Ja'-cob
James
Cal'-vin
E -ze ' -ki -el
Ja '- red
Charles
Ez'-ra
Ja '- son
5
50
Jer - e -mi ah
Jer ' -ome
Jes' - se
Jo'-el
John
Jo ' -nah
Na'-hum
Na '- than
Na-than'-i -el
Ne -he -mi'-ah
Nich'-o-las
No'-ah
Sam'-son
Sam ' - u -el
Saul
Seth
Si '-las
Si'-mon
Sim '-e-on
Jo'-nas
Jon ' - a - than
O '- bed
Jo '-seph
01'-i-ver
Ste '- phen
Josh '- ul- a
O'-tis
Syl-va '-nus
Jo-si'-ah
Ju'- li-us
Pat'- rick
Syl-ves'-ter
Paul
Lem '- u - el
Le -vi
Lew ' is
Lu '-cius
Lu'-ther
Sol'-o-mon
Pe'-leg
Thad - de '- us
The'- o -dore
Pe'-rez
Pe'-ter
Phi - lan - der
The-oph '-i-lus
Thom'-as
Tim'-o-thy
Phil '-ip
Phin ' - e -as
U -ri'- ah
Mar'-cus
Phi-le'-mon
Mar'-tin
Ma'-son
Mat '- thew
Mi'-cah
Mi' -cha -el
Mo '- ses
Ralph
Wall-ter
Reu '- ben
Rich '-ard
Wil-liam
Rob'-ert
Ru ' - fus
Zach '-a -ry
FEMALES.
Ab'-i-gail
Al '-ice
A-man'-da
A- me '- lia
Cath'-a -rine
Char'-lotte
Clar'-is-sa
Cor -ne'- lia
Em' - ma
Eu'-nice
Fran'ces
Fan'-ny
An '-na
Anne or Ann
Dor'-cas
An - ge - li'-na
Au -gus '-ta
El' - ea -nor
Har' - ri -et
E - liz ' - a - beth
Hel '-en
Hen -ri-et'- ta
Car ' - o - line
Han'-nah
El -len
51
Is - a -bel'- la
I '-rene
Lou-i'-sa
Lu - cin '- da
Lu -cre '- tia
Jane
Re-bec'-ca
Ju ' - lia
Lu '-cy
Lyd '-i- a
Mar'-ga-ret
Sa ' - rah
La-vin '-i- a
Ma'-ry
So - phi -a
-a
Lau'-ra
Mar '-tha
Su'-san
Nan'-cy
Ra'-chel
Ruth
ABBREVIATIONS.
The following are some of the abbreviated characters in common
t will prove an interesting
use , and they should be familiar to all .
and useful exercise if teachers will require scholars to write sen
tences which shall contain the abbreviated terms , as indicated by the
examples at the close of this list.
UNITED STATES.
Me.
Maine .
N. H. New Hampshire.
Vt.
Vermont.
Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.
Ct.
N. Y. New York .
Mass
R. I.
Alabama.
Ala .
Miss. Mississippi.
Louisiana
Arkansas.
Tennessee.
La.
Ark .
Ten .
Kentucky.
Ky.
.
Ohio .
Indiana .
Pa.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania.
0 .
Ia.
Ill .
Del.
Delaware.
Mo.
Md.
Maryland.
Virginia.
Mich . Michigan .
N. J.
Va.
N. C. North Carolina.
S. C. South Carolina.
Ga.
Georgia .
Illinois.
Missouri.
Florida.
Ts .
Texas.
Io.
Wis.
Wisconsin .
Iowa.
52
COUNTRIES.
United States.
U. S.
U. S. A. United States of
America.
C. W.
N. H.
N. B.
G. B.
N. E.
New England.
N. A.
S. A.
W. I.
E. I.
North America.
South America.
West Indies.
B. A.
R. A.
East Indies.
N. Z.
C. E.
Canada East.
N. S.
Canada West.
New Holland.
New Brunswick.
Great Britain .
British America.
Russian America.
Nova Scotia.
New Zealand.
MONTHS.
Jan.
January
Jy.
Feb.
February
Aug.
Mar.
March.
Sept.
Apr.
My.
April .
May.
Je.
June.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November .
December.
MISCELLANEOUS.
A. B.
( Artium Bacca
laureus.) Bache
Agent.
Administrator .
Administratrix .
A. D.
( Anno Domini. )
In the year of
Anon .
Art.
Anonymous.
A. M.
Atty.
Attorney .
A. Ans.
Answer.
Acct.
Account.
Agt .
Adm'r.
Adm’x.
lor of Arts.
( Ætatis.) Of age.
our Lord .
Magis
Arts.
A. A. S. ( Academiæ Amer- A. M.
( Ante Meridiem .)
Before noon .
icane Socius.)
Fellow of the
American Acad
emy.
( Artium
ter.) Master of
Article.
A. M.
(Anno Mundi.)
In the year of
the world .
53
Abp.
Archbishop .
B. C.
B. D.
Before Christ.
B. V.
Bart.
Dft.
dr .
Defendant.
Drachm.
( BaccalaureusDi- Do.
vinitatis. Bach- Dr.
Debtor ; doctor..
elor of Divinity. D. D.
( Doctor Divinita
Blessed Virgin .
tis. ) Doctor of
Divinity.
Baronet .
bar. bbl. Barrel .
D. P.
Doctor of Philoso
Ed.
Edition ; editor.
Errors Excepted.
Esquire.
C. Cent. ( Centum .) A hun
dred.
Ditto, the same.
phy.
Cap.
( Caput.) Chapter; E. E.
head .
Esq.
Cash .
Cashier.
Ex'r .
Executor.
Chap.
Capt.
Chapter
Captain .
Exr'x.
Executrix .
Etc.
Col.
Co.
Colonel.
( Et catera .) And
the rest ; and the
Com .
Cr.
Const.
Company ; coun
ty.
Committee.
Credit ; creditor.
Constable.
like .
e . g.
For the sake of
example .
F. R. S. Fellow of the
Cts.
Cwt.
Cents.
Con.
( Contra .) On the Gent.
Royal Society.
Hundred weight.
other hand.
C. C.
C. P.
County Court.
Gen.
Gov.
Hon.
Court of Probate. Hund.
C. C. P. Court of Common Hhd.
Pleas.
C. S.
(Exempli gratia .)
General.
Gentlemen.
Governor.
Honorable.
Hundred.
Hogshead.
H. S. E. ( Hic Sepultus
( Custos Sigilli.)
Est.) Here lies
Keeper of 'the
Seal.
buried.
I. H. S. ( Jesus Hominum
Salvator.) Jesus
C. P. S. ( Custos Privati
Sigilli.) Keeper
the Saviour of
of the Privy Seal.
men .
Dea .
d.
Deacon .
dwt.
Pennyweight.
Dept.
Deputy .
Inst.
(Denarius. ) A Incog.
penny.
5*
Int .
i. e.
Instant ; present.
( Incognito.) Un
known .
Interest.
( Id est.) That is.
54
Id.
( Idem .)
The
M. D.
Ibid.
(Medicine Doc
tor. ) Doctor of
same .
( Ibidem .) In the
Medicine.
Note.
same place.
N. B.
Jr. Jun.
K.
King.
Ldp.
Lordship .
Take notice ;
mark well.
£.
( Libra.) A Pound No.
( Numero .) In
Junior.
( Nota Bene.)
in money .
Number.
LL. D.
( Legum Doctor.) N. S.
New Style.
L. S.
( Locus Sigilli .) Nem.con . (Nemine contra
Lieut. ·
Lat.
Lon.
Place of the Seal.
Lieutenant.
Latitude .
0. S.
Longitude .
0. T.
lb.
( Libra.) A pound Ob.
( Obiit.) Died.
in weight .
Objection .
Doctor of Laws. N. T.
M. P.
Obj.
Member of Par- Obt.
OZ.
liament.
New Testament.
dicente.) No one
objecting
Old Style.
Old Testament.
Obedient.
Ounce.
M. C.
Member of Con- Per ann. ( Per annum .) By
M.
(Mille.)
the year, or for a
gress.
Thou
Pres.
Prof.
Part.
sand .
Maj.
Mr.
Mrs.
Major.
Participle.
Master; Mister.
Payment.
Mistress,common- Payt.
ly pronounced Per cent. ( Per centum .) By
the hundred, or
Missis.
Messrs.
year.
President.
Professor.
(Messieurs .) Gen
Pop.
tlemen ; Sirs.
for a hundred.
Population .
Mem.
(Memento.) Re- Pro. tem . ( Pro tempore.)
M. S.
( Manu
For the time.
member.
Scrip
P.O.
Post Office.
tum.) Written
Plff.
Plaintiff.
with thehand ;
Pl.
manuscript.
P. M.
Plate ; plural.
(Post Meridiem .)
MSS.
Manuscripts.
M. B.
(Medicine Bacca- P. M.
Afternoon .
Post Master.
laureus.) Bach- P. M. G. Post Master Gen
elor of Medicine.
eral.
55
P. S.
Section .
(Post Scriptum .) | Sect.
Postscript; writ- S.T. D. ( Sanctæ Theolo
ten after.
giæ Doctor .)
Page.
Doctor of Divin
Pages.
ity.
Q. E. D. (Quod Erat De- S. T. P. ( Sanctæ Theolo
monstrandum . )
giæ Professor .)
p.
pp.
Which was to be
Professor of Di
proved .
vinity.
Qy.
Query ; question. Sem .
Seminary .
qr.
( Quadrans.) A
Farthing, and
( Scilicet.) To wit ;
S$.
namely
( Solidus.) A shil
qt.
q . d.
quarter of a cwt. s.
Quart.
( Quasi dicat.) As Treas.
if he should say. Ult.
q. l.
( Quantum libet.).
( Ultimo.) The
last; the last
q. s.
ling.
Treasurer .
month .
As much as you
U. S. N. United States
please.
Navy .
(Quantum suffi
cit.) A sufficient V. Pres . Vice President .
V.
( Vide.) See.
VS.
viz.
( Versus.) Against.
( Videlicet.) To
wit; namely.
Vol.
Vols.
Volume.
Volumes.
Rec. Sec .Recording Secre- V. R.
( Victoria
q. v.
quantity.
( Quod vide.)
Which see.
R.
R. N.
R. R.
(Rex. ) The King.
Royal Navy.
Rail Road.
Regr.
Register .
Rev.
Reverend .
Queen.
wt.
Rt. Hon . Right Honorable. yd.
Rt. Rev. Right Reverend, &
Recd.
Received .
Sec.
Secretary .
Sen.
Senator ; senior.
S. J. C.
Supreme Judicial
Court.
St.
Saint ; street.
Schr.
Schooner.
Servant .
Servt.
Regi
na .) Victoria the
tary.
& c.
4to .
8vo.
12mo .
18mo.
24mo .
32mo .
Weight.
Yard.
And .
And so forth .
Dollar.
Quarto.
Octavo.
Duodecimo.
Octodecimo.
56
EXAMPLES .
The vessel sailed for a foreign port on the 10th inst.
The papers
of the 30th ult. contained important news.
There were one thousand vols. in the library last February .
Have you
read the recent proclamation of Gov. Briggs ?
Edward resided at No. 44 Beacon St., Boston , Mass.
LATIN WORDS AND PHRASES.
The words and phrases which follow so frequently occur, in
writings of the present day, that it is well for all to possess a
knowledge of them .
These may be incorporated into sentences, in the same manner as
suggested for the abbreviations. Exercises of this kind will prove
highly beneficial. Two or three sentences are given at the end of
the phrases, to illustrate the “ modus operandi.”
Ab initio ( in -ish -eo ). From the beginning.
Aborig'ine. *
From the origin.
Ab ur'be con'dita (A. U.C. ). From the building of the
city, i. e. , Rome.
Ad eun'dem.
Adfi'nem .
To the same.
To the end.
Ad infini'tum . To infinity ; without limit.
Ad lib'itum .
At pleasure.
To the point.
Ad valo'rem . According to the value.
Ad rem .
Ad captan'dum vulgus. To captivate the multitude.
Ad referen'dum .
To be further considered ..
A fortio'ri (for-she-o-ri) . With stronger reason .
Allere flam'mam . To feed the flame.
* In Latin , final e is always sounded like e in me.
57
Alma ma'ter . A fostering mother ; a term applied to
the college at which one has been educated .
A'lias (a'-le-as). Otherwise ; as Smith alias Clark .
Al'ibi. Elsewhere. A prisoner, in attempting to prove
an alibi, endeavors to give evidence that he was absent
from the place of the crime at the time of its com
mission .
A'mor pa'triæ .
Love of country .
A prio'ri. From a former reason.
A posterio'ri. From a latter reason.
Æ'quo an'imo. With an equal mind ; calm.
Argument'um ad hominem.
An argument to the man ;
a personal argument .
Ars est cela're ar'tem .
The perfection of an art is to
conceal art.
Assump'sit (law term). An action on a verbal promise.
Au'di alter'am par tem . Hear the other party, i. e., hear
both sides.
Bis dat qui ci'to dat. He gives twice who gives promptly.
Boʻna fide. In good faith ; in reality.
Cæteris par'ibus.
Other things being equal.
Ca'pias (law term). You may take ; a writ authorizing
the capture of the defendant.
Ca'pias ad responden'dum . You may take to answer ;
a writ authorizing the taking of the defendant for the
purpose of making him answerable to the plaintiff.
Ca'pias ad satisfacien'dum . You may take to satisfy ;
a writ of execution after judgment, empowering an
officer to secure the body of the defendant until satis
faction shall be made to the plaintiff.
Ca'put mor'tuum . The lifeless head ; the worthless re
mains.
Ce'de De'o.
Yield or submit to Providence.
58
Certiora'ri. To be made more certain ; a writ causing
the record of a cause in an inferior court to be brought
before a superior court.
Commune boʻnum . A common good.
Com 'pos men'tis. A man of sound mind.
Con'tra bo nos moʻres. Against good manners.
Cor'pus delicti. The body of the crime ; the whole
nature of the offence.
Corpus sine pectore. A body without a soul.
Cui (ki) boʻno. To what purpose ? for whose good ?
To what evil ? what harm will result from
Cui ma'lo .
the proposed measure ?
Cum multis aliis.
With many others.
Cum privilégio. With privilege.
Cres'cit eun'do.
It increases in its course.
Cus'tos mo'rum . The guardian of morality..
Data. Things granted .
De bo’nis non. An administrator de bonis non , is one
appointed to the administration of such part of an
estate as is left unsettled by a deceased or disabled
executor or administrator.
De fac'to . In fact; in deed .
De jure. By right ; by law .
Dei gratia. By the favor of God .
De mortuis nil ni'si bo'num . Of the dead say nothing
unfavorable .
De no'vo.
Anew ; again .
Déo juvan'te. With God's assistance.
Déo volen'te .
God willing.
De suntcætera. The rest are wanting.
Divide et im'pera. Divide and govern.
Dram'atis persona. The characters of a play.
59
a dulce et dec’orum est pro pa'tria moʻri. It is pleasant
and glorious to die for one's country.
Dum spi'ro spero. While I breathe I hope.
Dum viv'imus viva'mus. While we live, let us live.
Ecce homo.
Behold the man.
E pluribus v'num . One of many. The motto of the
United States, - the allusion being to the formation
of one federal government out of several independent
States.
Erra'ta .
Mistakes ; errors in printing.
Ex conces'so. From what has been granted .
Ex necessita'te ro'i. From the necessity of the case.
Exem'pli grdtia. As an example ; for example.
Exeunt om'nes. They all depart, or leave.
Ex offi'cio. By virtue of office.
Ex parte. On one side.
Ex tem'pore. Without study or premeditation.
Ex post facto. An ex post facto law is one which
applies to an offence which was committed previous to
the enactment of the law.
Fac sirn'ile. A close imitation:
Fieri fd cias. A kind of writ of execution directed to
a sheriff to levy debt.
Fiat.
Let it be done.
Fiat justitia ruat coelum . Let justice be done, though
the heavens fall.
Fidel'iter.
Faithfully .
Finis . . The end . •
Fortiter in re.
Firm in action .
Hdbeas corpus (you may have the body ). A writ.
Haud pas'sibus æquis. With unequal steps.
Heu me miserum .
Ah ! miserable man that I am .
Hic ja'cet. Here lies.
60
Humd'num est errare. To err is human .
Id genus om'ne. All of that class or sort.
Imprimis. First of all.
In dubiis.
In matters of doubt.
In equilibrio. In an even poise or balance.
In futuro. In future ; henceforth .
In lim'ine. On the threshold ; at the outset.
In loco .
In the place.
In lo'co paren'tis. In place of a parent.
In nubibus.
In the clouds.
In propriaperso'na. In his own person.
In statu quo. In the state in which it was ; unchanged.
Instan'ter. Instantly.
In 'ter dlia . Among other things.
In'ter se. Between themselves.
In'terim . In the mean time.
In'ter nos. Between ourselves ;
confidentially,
In terroʻrem . In terror; by way of threat.
In to'to . In the whole ; entirely.
In utrum'que pard'tus. Prepared for either event.
Ip'se dixit. He said it himself ; on his mere assertion .
Ip’so facto. By the very act ; by the deed itself.
Ipso ju're. By the law itself.
Jus civile.
The civil law.
Jus gentium . The law of nations.
Jure divino. By divine right.
Ju're humd'no. By human right.
La'bor om'nia vin'cit. Labor conquers all things.
Lapsus lin'gue . A slip of the tongue.
Lap'sus pen'ne. A slip of the pen .
Laus Deo.
Praise be to God.
Lex loci. The law or custom of the place.
Les non scripta. Law not written ; the common law .
61
Lex talionis.
Lex terræ .
The law of retaliation.
The law of tne land.
Litera scrip'ta md'net. What is written remains.
Litera'tim . Letter for letter ; literally ..
Loʻcum tenens . Holding the place of another; a sub
stitute.
Lu'sus nature . A freak of nature ; a deformed pro
duction.
Md'la fide. In bad faith ; with a design to deceive.
Md'li exem'pli. In the nature of a bad example.
Ma'lum in se . A thing evil in itself.
Ma'lum per se. An evil of itself.
Magʻna est ver'itas et prevale'bit. Truth is powerful, and
will prevail .
Manda'mus. (We order) . A writ issued from a Su
preme Court to a person , corporation, or inferior court.
Ma'nia . . Madness ; excess.
Ma'nia a potu . Madness from intoxicating drink.
Max'imum .
The greatest.
Min'imum .
The least.
Be mindful of death ; remember that
Memen'to mo'ri.
you must die.
Mens con'scia rec'ti.
A mind conscious of rectitude .
Mens sa'na in cor'pore sano. A sound mind in a healthy
body.
Mé'o pericuio. At my own peril or risk.
Mine and thine.
Me'um et tuum .
Mirab'ile dic'tu . Strange to tell.
Miťtinius.
A writ authorizing the committing of an
offender to prison.
Modus operan'di. The manner of operating.
Mos pro le'ge. Custom for law.
Mó're majo'rum . After the manner of our ancestors.
6
62
Multum in parvo. Much in little.
Mutatis mutan'dis. The necessary changes being made
Ne ce'de ma'lis. Do not yield to misfortunes.
Ne plus ultra. Nothing beyond ; nothing better.
Ne quid nimis. Not too much of anything.
No lens volens. Willing or unwilling.
Nol'le pros'equi. (Nol. Pros.) This is used in law,
when a plaintiff, having commenced an action , de
clines proceeding therein.
2
Nil desperan'dum . Never despair.
Ni'si pri'us (unless before ). A writ ; law term ; name
of a court.
Noli me tan'gere .
Do not touch me.
Non com 'pos men'tis. Of unsound mind.
Non sequitur. It does not follow ; a conclusion not
warranted by the premises.
Non assump'sit.
Non con'stat.
He did not assume ; a denial.
It does not appear.
Ņon est inven'tus (he is not to be found ). The return
made by a sheriff, when the defendant is not to be
found in his jurisdiction .
Non nobis so'lum .
Not merely for ourselves.
Nul'la bo'na (no goods). A return made by a sheriff co
an execution, when he can find no property belonging
to the defendant.
Ob'sta principiis. Meet the early beginnings; look to
budding mischief.
Om'nes.
All.
O'nus proban'di. The burden of proving.
Operæ pretium est. It is worth while.
O tem 'pora, O moʻres ! (Oh ! the times and the customs ).
Oh ! the degeneracy of the times.
Otium cum dignita'te. · Leisure with dignity.
63
Otium si'ne dignitate. Leisure without dignity.
Par nob'ile frdtrum . (A noble pair of brothers) . Used
ironically to denote two associates exactly fitted to
each other.
Particeps crim'inis. A partaker in the crime; an ac
cessory
Everywhere.
Pas'sim .
Péter patriæ. The father of his country .
Per di'em.
By the day.
Per fas et nd fas. Through right and wrong.
Per se.
By itself.
Pos'se comitatus. The civil power of a country ; an
armed body.
Post mor'tem ( after death ) . A post mortem examina
tion is the examination of a corpse for the purpose
of
ascertaining the cause of death .
Prima facie. On the first appearance .
Primum mobile. The first impulse ; the main -spring.
Pro a'ris et fo'cis. For our altars and our hearths ; for
our religion and our fire -sides.
Pro et con ( pro et contra ). For and against.
Pro bo'no publico. For the public good.
Pro forma. For form's sake.
Proba'tum est. It is tried ; it is proved.
Punica fi'de (Carthagenian faith ). Perfidy.
Priva'tim . Privately .
Publice. Publicly.
Quan'tum .
How much .
Quan'tum li'bet. As much as you please.
Quan'tum mer'uit.
As much as he has deserved .
Quid nunc (what now) . One curious to know every
thing ; a newsmonger.
64
Quid pro quo (what for what). A mutual considera
tion ; " tit for tat."
Quo jure. By what right ?
Quo warran'to. By what authority ? a writ.
Quo an'imo.
With what mind ? with what intention ?
Ra'ra d'vis. A rare bird ; a prodigy.
Rec'te et suav'iter. Justly and mildly.
Recluc'tio ad absur'dum (a reduction to an absurdity). A
phrase used in logic when your adversary is van
quished by showing him the absurdity of his conclu
sions.
Res'pice finem .
Look to the end.
Requies'cat in pa'ce. May he rest in peace.
Resur'gam . I shall rise again .
Sanc'tum sancto’rum (the holy of holies) .
A sanc
tuary.
Sci're fa'cias (cause it to be known ). A writ.
Secun'dum ar'tem. According to art.
Sem'per i'dem ,
Sem 'per ea'dem .
Sem 'per fide'lis. Always faithful.
} Always the same.
Sem'per para'tur. Always ready.
Seria'tim . In order; in a series.
Si'ne dubio.
Without doubt.
Si'ne di'e (without day) . The business of a society is
deferred sine die when no day is assigned for its re
consideration.
Sic pas'sim. So everywhere.
Sic tran'sit gloria mun'di.
glory of the world.
Si'ne qua non .
So'lus.
Thus passes away the
A thing indispensable.
Alone.
Stet. Let it stanc ; a word used in the correction of
proof.
65
Suav'iter in mo'do, for'titer in re. Mild in manner, but
vigorous in action.
Sub pa'na . Under penalty ; a writ.
Sub ro'sa (under the rose). Privately.
Su'i gen'eris. Ofits own kind ; singular.
Sum'mum boʻnum . The chief good.
Tem 'pora mutan'tur . Times are changed .
Tem'pus fugit. Time flies.
Terfra fir'ma.
Solid earth.
Ter'ra incog'nita. An unknown land or country.
To'tis vir'ibus.
With all his might.
To'ties quo'ties. As many times as.
To'lo coe’lo (by the whole heavens) . As much as pos
sible.
Ubi'que. Everywhere.
Ultima Thule.
This was the name of the most north
ern island known to the Romans, supposed to be one
of the Shetland isles. Ultima Thu'le is therefore used
to express the limits of our geographical discoveries,
and, figuratively, the boundary of our knowledge on
any subject.
Ultra . Beyond ; excessive ; extravagant .
Una vo'ce. With one voice ; unanimously.
U'tile dulci. The useful with the pleasant .
Va'de me'cum (go with me). A constant companion .
Venditio'ni expo'nas. You shall expose for sale. A
writ directing the sheriff to sell certain property therein
mentioned .
Ve'ni, vi'di, vi'ci. I came, I saw, I conquered. Cæsar's
laconic account of a victory over Pharnaces.
Verba'tim .
Word for word .
Verba'tim et litera'tim .
Word for word, and letter for
letter ; a faithful or exact copy.
6*
66
Ver'bum sat sapien'ti.
A word is sufficient to a wise
man ; he can take a hint.
Ver'itas cum liberta'te.
Truth with liberty .
Veni're fa'cias. Cause to come ; a writ for summoning
a jury.
Ve'to.
I forbid .
Vi'ce ver'sa. The terms being exchanged or reversed.
Vi et ar'mis. By force and arms.
Vis inertiæ. The power of inertness.
Vi'va vo'ce. By word of mouth .
Via. By way of.
Voc pop'uli. The voice of the people.
Vox De'i. The voice of God.
Vox . fau'cibus hæ'sit. The voice stuck in the throat ,
applied to a person dumb with amazement.
Vult'us est in'dex an'imi. The countenance is the index
or portraiture of the mind.
EXAMPLES .
l'he speaker's language was 66 ad rem . "
The merchant was required to pay ad valorem duties.
I found matters in statu quo.
He felt that he was laboring pro bono publico.
The people, una voce , pronounced him innocent.
FRENCH WORDS AND PHRASES.
A la mode. According to the fashion.
A nende honorable (ă mõnd-on -no -rähb'l).
Honorable
amends.
Apropos (ăp-ro-po'). To the purpose, appropriately.
Au fait ( o-fay '). Skilful; expert.
67
Auto da fe (äw '-to -da -fā'). An act of faith ; a sentence
* ; of the Inquisition for burning a heretic.
Avant courier ( a -văn -koo '-rear). A forerunner ; one
despatched in advance, to notify approach , & c.
Bagatelle (băg-a-těl'). A trifle; a toy.
Beau monde (bő-mond') . The fashionable world.
Beaux esprits (böz'-es-prē') . Men of wit or genius.
Bijou (bē’zhoo) .
A jewel .
Billet doux (bil-lē-doo'). A love letter.
Bongre (bön - grā '). With a good grace.
Bonhommie (bon'-om-me). Good nature.
Bon jour (bohn-zuhr) . Good morning.
Bon-mot (bỏn -mo'). A jest or witty repartee.
Bot-ton (băn’-ton(): Fashion.
Bon vivant (bohn-veev'-ăn). A high liver ; a choice
spirit.
Boudoir ( boo -dwaur'). A private room .
Canaille (kă-nāl') . The mob ; the rabble.
Carte blanche (cart-blansh). Unconditional terms ; a
blank paper given to a person to fill up as he pleases.
Charge d'affaires ( shär-zhā -daf-far'). An ambassador
or public minister of secondary rank.
Chef-d'æuvre (shed-oov'r). A master-piece. *
Chevaux de frise (shev -o- deh - freez ). A spiked fence.
Ci-devant (se-de-vaung') . Formerly.
Comme il faut (kom-el-fo') . As it should be.
Conge d'elire (kõn-je-de-lēr' ). Permission to elect.
Contour (kön-tor) . The outline of a figure.
Convive (kong'-viv). A guest.
Corps diplomatique (kõr-dip -lo-mä-tēk '). The body of
ministers or diplomatic characters.
Cortege (kor'-tězh) . A train of attendants.
Coup de grace (koo-de-gräs') .
The finishing stroke.
68
Coup d'essai (koo-des'-say). A first attempt.
Coup d'etat (koo -det -tă ). A piece of great policy.
Coup de main (koo-de mang'). A sudden and vigorous
attack.
Coup d'ail (koo-dāl').
First or slight view of any
thing
Debut ( dā -boo'). The beginning or opening of any de
sign ; the first appearance .
Dejeune (dā '-zhu -nā'). A breakfast.
Denouement (děn-o'-mang ') . A catastrophe ; a finishing.
Dernier resort (dern-yar'-res-sor) .
The last expedient .
Devoir (děv-wor') . Duty ; respect.
Double entendre (do'bl-än-tän'-dr) . A double meaning .
Douceur (doo-sūr'). A present or bribe.
Elite (ā-leet') . Select ; the best part.
Embonpoint (on'-bon-pwän') . Plumpness ; a state of
health .
En cavalier (un-kav-a-leer') . Like a gentleman.
En masse (un-mäs') . In a body or mass.
Ennui (än-wē') . Wearisomeness ; languor.
En passant (un - päs-sõn '). By the way.
Entree (un-tra') .
Entrance.
Entre nous (un-tra-noo'). Between ourselves.
Esprit de corps (ěs-pre-du-cor'). The spirit of the
corps ; zeal for mutual honor which pervades the
members of a body or association.
Faux pas ( fo’-pä'). A false step ; a mistake.
Fete ( fāte ). A feast or festival.
Fille -de-chambre (fêl-de-shambr ). A chambermaid .
Gens- d'armes (zhaung'-dărm ). Men at arms; a body
of cavalry under the old government of France.
Hauteur (ho'-tūr) . Pride ; insolence .
Ilaut gout (ho-goo'). A high flavor; a strong relish .
69
Haut ton ( ho -ton ).
First fashion or style.
Honi soit qui mal y pense (ho-nē-swaw-kē-mah. -e-pans).
Evil to him who evil thinks .
Hors de combat (hor'-de-kom-bâ'). Disabled.
Hotel dieu (ō-těl'-deu' ) . House of God. In France
frequently applied to a hospital.
Jet d'eau (zhed-do' ) . A fountain ; an ornamental water
spout.
Jeu de mots (zhū’-de-mo') . A pun ; a play upon words.
Jeu d'esprit ( zhu’-de-spre'). A witticism ; a flash of
wit.
Mademoiselle (măd -em -wa-zěl').
A young lady ; a
young girl .
Mal apropos (mål-ăp-pro-po' ) . Unseasonable; unsuit
able.
Mauvaise honte (mõ-vāze-ont'). Excessive bashfulness;
false modesty.
Melange (ma-länzh' ). A medley ; a mixture.
Melee (mā-lā '). A conflict ; the thick of a battle .
Messieurs (měsh '-urz ). Sirs ; gentlemen . The plural
of monsieur.
Monsieur (mö-sell) . Sir.
Naïvete ( nä'-ev -tā ). Ingenuousness ; innocence.
N'importe (neem '-port). It is of no importance.
Nonchalance (non -- sha-lāns'). "Carelessness ; indifference.
Nous verrons ( noo -věr'-rong ). We shall see.
On dit (on '-dē ). It is said ; a rumor.
Outre (00 -tra'). Extravagant ; unreasonable.
Patois (pat-waw).
Provincialism .
Petit maitre (pět-e-mā-tr). A fop ; a coxcomb.
Protege ( pro -te -zhā '). One protected ; a dependent.
Qui vive (ke-vēv' ). Who goes there ? a man on the
alert may be said to be on the qui vive.
7
70
Ruse de guerre (rūz-de-gare ) . A stratagem of war.
Sang froid ( sangʻ-frwa'). Coolness ; indifference.
Savant ( sav'- vaung).
A learned man .
Savoir faire ( sav'vwar -fa're). Skill ; knowledge of
business.
Savoir favre ( sav -vwar-fav’r.). Urbanity ; politeness.
Soi disant (swă-diz-zaun') . Self-styled ; pretended.
Soiree (swă’-rā'). An evening entertainment.
Surveillance ( sūr-vāl-yance '). Superintendence.
Tete- a -tete (tait-a-tait) . Face to face; a private conver
sation .
Tout ensemble (tout-an-sambl) . The whole.
Valet de chambre (vä -le-de-shāmbr ). A waiting-man ;
a footman .
Vis a vis (viz -a -vē'). Face to face.
Vive la bagatelle ( viv -la -bag -ga -tel). Success to trifles.
Vive l'empereur (viv -laum -pe-rer'). Long live the
emperor.
Vive le roi (viv-lar-wa) . Long live the king:
EXAMPLES .
Luther's observations were quite apropos.
Please regard what I have said as entre nous.
He is regarded as the soi disant philosopher.
The following pages have been inserted as containing examples of
such items as are to be found in most newspapers. Many of the words
may be selected for spelling, but the skilful teacher may extend and
expand the various items, and make them the basis of much Geo
graphical and other information. Teachers and pupils will find a work
entitled “ Chambers' Treasury of Knowledge," a valuable reference book
in relation to many of the articles named below . It should be in the
hands of every pupil.
+
MISCELLANEOUS .
REVIEW OF THE BOSTON MARKET,
FOR THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 14 , 1850 .
ASHES . — No change noticed in previous quotations ; demand
and receipts continue limited .
CANDLES . — For Sperm the market exhibits a feeble demand ,
and prices a shade lower , sales, Nantucket made, 39c., New Bedford,
39.1 @ 40c . ¥ 11., 6 mos. Nothing doing in Mould of any importance,
as usual at this season of the year ; quotations are nominally the same
as before reported.
COAL .
Sales of a cargo Pictou fine at $4.12} , and another cargo
do . $4.25 t chaldron , cash ; two cargoes do . , coarse , $5.75 , do. 4
mos. ; a cargo Sydney $ 5.87} do. do.
COFFEE .
There is very little St. Domingo in first hands, and
prices during the week past have fully improved { c . x ib .
Sales
good 8} @ 9c ., and extra, 91 @ 9fc. P lb., 6 mos. Considerable doing
in Java, principally to the trade, at 11 @ 12c. to 1b ., as to quality ;
Laguira 94 @ 9} do ., 6 mos. , and some Rio, 1000 bags, about all in
first hands , at 10c. 18 lb. , 6 mos.
DRUGS . - The business of the week has not been of much im
portance - sales of Shellac 30 @ 40 cases at 104c . — 25 cases India
Rhubarb at 50c . — 10 cases Oil Lemon $ 1.65 , and other essential oils
at quotations.
Opium, sales $3.25 , Madder Umbro, 10c. ; 100 casks
Soda Ash 80 @ 85 ¥ cent . 23 @ 3c . 7 ib . Prussiate Potash , red ,
720.-25 cases Borax 18c . Yo ib ., 6 mos .
DYESTUFFS . — There has been more doing in Manilla Indigo, at
a little better prices for some grades — a few cases Bengal 110 @
Guatemala 12 zeroons 75c . ? ib . , 6 mos . In Dyewoods
115c . p ib .
there have been sales of St. Domingo Logwood at 16 @ $ 16.50 ya
ton , 6 mos.
Of what are ashes made ? For what purposes useful ? Which most valuable, coal
or wood ashes ?
What is meant by “previous quotations" ? What meant by
" limited" ?
Of what are candles made, and how made ? What is meant by sperm ? Where is
Nantucket ? New Bedford ? What meant by “ mould " ? Quotations ?
72
FISH .
The market sustains the light improvement in prices
occasioned by the late damp weather. Georges we quote $ 2.75 —
Hake and Pollock $ 1 , and Haddock $1.25 4 qtl. - Mackerel are held
for higher prices, in consequence of light receipts and better demand
sales, No. 1 , $ 9.75, No. 2, $ 7.50 , and No. 3 , $4.37 @ $4.50 x
bb ) .
FLOUR .
- The demand has been confined almost exclusively to
the home trade, and for medium and common qualities prices continue
in favor of buyers.
Sales , Oswego and Troy $ 4.87 @ $5 , and
Michigan $5.12 @ $ 5.25 4 bbl.; pure Genesee $5.50 , fancy $ 5.62,
and extra $6.50 @ $6.75 ¥ bbl. ; St. Louis , extra , $6.50 @ $7 do .
do . ; Southern $5.25 @ $5.37 do . , cash .
FRUIT. — The import of Malaga Lemons, 1350 boxes, sold, we
learn , on landing at $3.50 y box. Sales , Malaga Bunch Raisins
within the quoted rates. Some transactions in Sicily Fruit by second
hands, on private terms . An import Zante Currants sold at 740. Y
ib .; 6 mos .
GRAIN . — There is less demand for grain the present week , and
prices are hardly so firm . Holders, however, are not disposed to re
cede much from late reported prices. The sales of the week have
been for southern yellow corn 68 @ 69c. , and good high mixed do. 67
@ 68c . ¥ bushel ; white 65 @ 66c . do . do .
48c . , and Eastern 46c . 4 bushel.
Oats - Northern 47 @
GUNNY BAGS.— The market has slightly improved on account
of an expected increased demand for southern shipment. Sales,
several hundred bales,
small size, 8ic . each , equal to 6 mos .
The
sales of gunny cloth have been 500 @ 600 bales, part to arrive, at
supposed 14c.¥ yard , 6 mos .
HEMP. – The market for Manilla is a shade better. Sales 300 @
400 bales 9c., and some holders, we learn , are asking 9 { c.
ib .
Sales , 30 tons Russia clean , at $200 ya ton , 6 mos . Not much doing
in American , and former rates continue .
HIDES . — The sales of the week have been for Buenos Ayres , an
import of about 2000 light, at (supposed) 137, and 1500 usual weight,
13 ] c. Y 15 .; 4000 Rio Grande at about the same , 6 mos . ; 2000
Buenos Ayres, wet salted , 6* ; 1200 @ 1500 Truxillo, price not pub
lic ; 1000 Mexican , 11 c. ; 800 m 1000 Western dry, 102c. , and a few
hundred do. wet salted , 4ąc. ¥ ib . , 6 mos .
IRON . - Further sales Scotch Pig at $20 @ $21 4 ton , including
150 tons to arrive ; American , $20 @ $ 25 do., as to quality, 6 mos.
LEAD . — For Pig the market continues firm , and some holders
are asking in advance on former rates.
LEATHER . – Receipts. large, and demand steady.
Prices con
tinue firm .
LIME.— Salesby cargo of Thomaston at 75c. ¥ cask.
LUMBER. — The arrivals of late have not been large, and best
dry Boards are in demand .
MOLASSES . — The principal sales have been to distillers, com
prising about 2500 hhds., at 18c . , being all that remained in first
73
hands, with the exception of one cargo , held at 19c . , 6 mos. ' The
sales of Cuba sweet have been in lots to the trade , 2 @ 300 hhds., 21
@ 22c. ; a selection from a cargo of 400 hhds . Sagua , at 22c. ¥ gal.,
6 mos.; small lots Cienfuegos, 27c. do. do.
NAVAL STORES. —There is a steady demand for Spirits Tur
pentine, with sales in lots of 2 @ 300 bbls . at 324 @ -33c. ¥ gal. , cash ,
and 34 @ 34] c . do . , 4 @ 6 mos .
Pitch - A few hundred bbls. for
shipping, $ 1 37 @ $ 1 50 bbl .; Tar, $ 1 62 @ $ 175, and common
Rosin , for which there is a better demand , but no variation in prices.
Sales have been made of 800 m 1000 bbls. , $ 1 20 @ $ 1 25 x bbl . , 6
mos . cr .
OIL . — Since our last there has been an improved demand for Lin
seed, and some sales for future delivery have been made at an advance
on present quotations.
Sales on the spot of American , 6000 gals . at
76 @ 77, and English 5000 do., 79 @ 80c. ¥ gal., equal to cash.
Steady sales Lard Oil within the quoted rates. Sperm crude, little
doing; manufactured in demand at prices before reported.
PROVISIONS .
-
The transactions of the week have not been of
much importance, and prices are less firmly sustained ; sales Mess
Pork $ 10 50 @ 11 25 , 'Clear $ 12 @ $ 13 , and Prime $8 87 ¥ bbl.
Western Mess and extra Mess Beef $10 @ $ 11 , with a better demand
for good quality . Lard , not much doing ; sales of a few hundred
bbls. 7 @ 74c . , and kegs 7} c . ¥ ib . Hams more dull , without much
change in prices ; sales Western 81 @ 8% , and Boston cured 83 @ 9c.
4 lb.
RAGS
Sales 200 bales Leghorn, at prices within the quoted
rates .
SALT. — Transactions still chiefly confined to second hands. Car
go prices for fishing Salt are entirely nominal.
SALTPETRE . Sales 500 bags Crude, 5+ @ 5 , and some su
perior , 5 % @ 6c. Y tb .
SPICES . - An import Race Ginger , 2500 bags, sold at 41 @ 4fc.
* ib . ; 2000 lbs. Nutmegs, $ 1 @ $ 1 02} do. ; 300 bags l'imento , 13c. ,
6 mos . ; 1000 mats Cassia, at quotations.
SUGAR.- There has been a good demand for box Sugars , and
during the week rising 1500 boxes have passed from first hands—
brown and yellow 6 @ 74c.Y lb. , 6 months, market closing quite firm ,
with an upward tendency in prices ; 2000 hhds. Cuba Muscovado 48
@ 5{c . ¥ ib ., as to quality.
SUMAC. — Sales, Sicily have been 2000 bags various qualities,
ranging from $50 @ $75 ¥ ton , 6 months.
TALLOW . - Sales, 50 casks rendered at 7c . ¥ .
TIN.- An improveddemand , and somewhathigherrates have been
experienced for 2000 @ 3000 slabs Straits and Revelly 17 " @ 174c. P
Bb . , 6 mos . cr.
TOBACCO. — A sale of Virginia Bullseye, about 100 hhds. , was
WOOL . - All descriptions continue in good demand and prices
made a few days since on private terms .
generally are very fully realized .
7
74
SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS .
Where is Nantucket, and what can you say of it ?
Where is Pictou ?
From what places do we obtain coffee ?
Where is St. Domingo ? Java ?
MARINE JOURNAL .
PORT OF BOSTON .
WEDNESDAY , Aug. 14 .
ARRIVED.
Ship Wm . A. Cooper, Lincoln , Cadiz, July 7. July 30 , lat. 40 58,
lon . 49 30 , passed brig Avon , Webb , from Boston for Malaga ; 2d
inst., lat. 43 63, lon. 53 30, spoke ship Jas. Wright, 30 days from
Liverpool for New York .
Bark Lucy Ann , (of St. George ,) Kellar, Rio Hache, 18th ult. Left
no Am . vessel .
Bark Delaware, Lewis, Philadelphia.
Br. brig Clipper, Rood, Picton, 25th ult.
Brig Foster,Baker, Philadelphia.
Sch . Emily Hilliard, (of Provincetown,) Frates, St. John's, P. R. ,
20th ult . Left no Am . vessel . Spoke, 20th ult. , lat . 30 , lon . 71 ,
sch . Deane, from Boston , for Gonaives .
Sch. Louisiana, (of Provincetown ,) Green , St. Jago, Cuba,ved21st
.
ult . Left sch . Manson , Perkins , of and from Boston , just arı
Brig Emerald , Haskell , Bangor.
Sch . Minerva, Burns, Thomaston .
Yachts Siren , Arden , and Cornelia, Edgar, New York .
Steamer Admiral, Hutchins, Eastport.
VIA QUARANTINE.
Ship Washington Irving, Gorham, Liverpool, 9th ult.
TELEGRAPHED. -- Brig Sea Bird , from Philadelphia.
Signals for 1 bark and 3 brigs.
The telegraph reports a bark gone to the north shore .
CLEARED.
Foreign. - Brigs Washington, Griffin , St. Petersburg, by R. B ,
Storer ; Monte Cristo, Sherman , West Indies ; Br. brige Boston
What is a ship ? What names are applied to diffurent kinds of vessels, and in what
respects do they differ ? Where is Cadiz ? What meant by latitude ? ' Longitude ?
Nearest what land was brig Avon passed ? Where is Malaga ? Liverpool ? Why
should the meeting of vesselsbe reported more than meeting of cars or coaches ?
Lady, Purdy, Annapolis ; P1.mrose, Ryarson, Yarmouth , N.S., Ladd
& Hall ; sch . Croton , Chase, West Indies; Br. schs. Sea Star,
Crispo ; Albion, Gerrior, and Londonderry , McLellan, Pictou ; Ad
miral, Purdy, and Crown, Anthony, Annapolis ; Victoria, Ryder and
Sarah , Larkin , Argyle ; Farewell, Perry, Beaver River, N. S .;
Robt . Stone, Morgan, and William Wallace, Phinney, Wilmot ; Joho
Ross, Fulton , Londonderry, N. S .; Dove, Titus, Weymouth ; Re
lief, Crowell , Halifax .
Coastwise.
- Bark Helen Maria, Solomon, Howes, Baltimore, by
Baker & Morrill ; brigs Partridge, French , Mobile , Allen & Weltch ;
5 Druid, Deming, Charleston, J. R. Dow & Co.; Isola, Park , Phila
delphia, Blanchard , Sherman & Co.; schs. Alert, Hall, do., R.Lin
coln & Co. ; Wescogus, Wass, do ., J. H. Cheney & Co. ; Catha
rine Wilcox, Nickerson , Albany, 0. Kimball ; Era, Chamberlain ,
New York , C. Lovell ; Cambridge , Sherwood , do . , E. Whiton ; Rus
sell, Simmons, Plymouth.
SAILED .
Wind from S. E. to N. N. E. - Brig Washington ,
in tow of steamer Hornet, and anchored in Nantasket Roads. Brig
Ottoman sailed yesterday, but put back and anchored in the Roads
where she remains .
DISASTERS , & c.
Sch. Frances, Hallett, Waldron , at Fall River, from Philadelphia ,
encountered a severe gale on the passage, and was compelled to throw
overboard part of cargo of iron.
Brig Philura, for whose safety some fears have been entertained ,
was off Charleston bar 5th - she had been out 26 days, having heavy
weather and head winds. Some of the passengers were taken out by
a
lot boat, and arrived at Savannah night of 7th .
The sch . Perseverance , from Bathurst, bound to the United States,
went ashore on the east point of P. E. Island , abtg the 5th of Aug. ;
after throwing over her cargo, she would be got off,and would proceed
to the Gut of Canso to repair dainages.
A telegraphic despatch from Halifax, of the 13th inst., reports that
brig Hope, from Baltimore, had been wrecked on Sable Ísland .
Sch. Betsey, (of Pittston ,) Seyburn, hence for St. Thomas, with a
ult., nearSombrero, Anegada passage.
cargo of provisions, &c. , was dismasted in a hurricane on the 11th
FISHERMEN.
EF We are indebted to the Marblehead Advocate for aslip.
Ar. at Gloucester 11th inst., schs. Sarah Elwell , Elwell, Bay Cha
leur - 13th , Rockaway, Beaman , do .
Ar. at Marblehead 12th , schs. Benj. Franklin,Ireson, Grand Bank,
10,000 fish — 13th , Decatur, Ireson do ., 9000 fish ; 14th , Bird , Me
76
acrvey, Green Bank, 13,000 fish ; Sam. Knight, Peach , do. , 12,000
fish .
Spoken
On Grand Bank , June 15 , schs. Essex , Stanley , Marble
head, 6000 fish ; Rose, Chadwick , do., 5000 fish.
On Green Bank, July 25, schs. Balance, Thompson , Marblehead ,
24,000 fish ; Alciope, Bridgeo, do. , 17,000 fish .
WHALERS .
Cld. at New Bedford , 13th , ship Gov. Troup, Coggeshall, North
Pacific Ocean ; brig Gov. Hopkins, (of Dartmouth ,) Briggs, Atlantic
Ocean .
Ar. at Provincetown, 13th, sch. R. E. Cook, Cook, Atlantic Ocean ,
130 bbls . sp .
Sailed from Greenport , 7th , bark Caroline , Babcock , South Atlantic .
Heard from , by letter, March 24 , no lat. , & c ., ship Elizabeth,
Baker, New Bedford, 1100 sp . , 400 wh.
FOREIGN PORTS .
At Diah, Coast of Sumatra, April 22 , ship Plato, Lord , Idg.
Bark Kepler, Copp, hence via Penang ; was at Trabungun ; bark
Crafton was at Tampatuan ; ship Propontis , at Witan. Sicilian ship
Sumatra, from New York, Dec. 16 , ar. on the coast April 17.
At Smyrna, 16th ult. , bark Chicora, Howland, for Boston.
At Palermo, 19th ult., bark Wagram , Elwell, for Boston, 10 days.
No Am. vessel at Malta 22d ult.
At Genoa, 25th ult.,ships Bay State, Simmons, and Ashburton,
Williams, would probably go to salt ports to load for U. States ; bark
Nautilus , Lincoln , for Malaga.
At Liverpool, 30th ult., ship Adelaide Metcalf, Scott, for Boston
abt . 15th inst., her destination having been changed.
At Rio Janeiro, June 28, bark E. Corning, Lloyd, for New.York.
At Surinam, 21st ult., brig Agenori, Day, wtg. cargo .
At Ponce, 27th ult. , bark Gov. Von Oxholm,Davis, for Philadel.
phia , 4 days.
No Am. vesselat Cape Haytien 28th ult. Fr. bark Parquehot ex
pected to take freight for Bristol, R. I.
At St. Martins,24th ult., ship Andover,Bearse, dismasted.
Ar. at Pictou, 2d inst. , brig Kathleen , McPhee , Boston .
Ar. at Halifax, 8th inst. , brig Belle, Laybola, hence 5 days.
Ar. at Yarmouth, N. S. , 5th inst.,sch . Osier, Griswold, Boston.
Ar. at St. John, N. B. , 9th instant, bark Sea Nymph, Robson,
Boston .
SPOKEN .
July 25, lat . 221 , lon . 67 10 , sch. Cornelia, of and from Baltimore,
for St Thomas
i
77
July 29, Belize , W.N. W. 70 miles, brig Somers, Watson, frm .
New Orleans for Charleston .
July 31 , lat. 28 20, lon . 69 15 , Bremen brig Louise Cesar, hence
for Havana .
Aug. 3, lat. 25 50, lon . 72 10 , brig Marcellus, 14 days from New
York for Neuvitas.
DOMESTIC PORTS .
EASTPORT. — Ar. 7th, brigs Esther, Elizabeth , Shackford, Bal
timore : Caryl , Waide , New York ; Zoroaster , Gouldsboro .
BUCKSPORT . Ar. 9th , sch . Sea Mark , Harriman , Boston.
SULLIVAN . - Sailed 7th, sch. Sophia Maria , Foster, Boston.
BANGOR . — Ar. brig Wildes P. Walker, Edgecomb, Provi
dence.
PORTLAND. — Ar. 13th , bark Gen. Taylor, Soule, Freeport.
BATH . — Ar. 10th, brig Monica , Burk, Plymouth.
NEWBURYPORT. — Ār. 13th , sch . O , H. Perry, Bunker ,
Philadelphia .
GLOUCESTER. — Ar. 10th , brig Charles, Eastport, for Rondout.
SALEM. – Are 13th , brig Esther, Lassen , Cayenne. 11th , via St.
Martins 24th ult.; schs. Polyanthus, Anderson, and Queen , Brown ,
Philadelphia ; Glide, Small , and Fortune, Comery, New York.
NEW BEDFORD . — Ar. 12th , schs. William Brown , Hunt,
New York .
FALL RIVER. - Ar. 11th , brig Harbinger, Heath, Bucksport.
PROVIDENCE . — Ar. 13th , brig Benjamin , Collins, Bangor.
NORWICH . — Cld . 13th , sch. Watchman, Barter, for Calais.
NEW LONDON . - Ar. 11th , sch . Belle, Kelly, Cold Spring.
HARTFORD . — Ar. 10th, sch . Attakapas, Rollins, Hallowell.
MIDDLETOWN . — Ar. 3d, sch. Elizabeth, Jones, Bangor, (and
cld . 9th for do . )
NEW YORK. — Ar. 12th , sch. Rio Grande, Bangor — 13th ,
barks Albion, (Br. ) Turner, Galway ; Ionia, Wade, St. Martins -
16th, brigs Ambassador, ( Br.) Doane, do.
George Washington,
M'Carty , Bangor; sch. Mary Ann, Hooper, St. John's, Fla., 9.
ALBANY. — Ar. 13th , schs. Leander and Thetis , fim . Boston .
PHILADELPHIA . — Ar. 12th , bark Charles Devens, Bailey,
Camden .
At the Breakwater 12th, ship Grey Eagle, for Port Walthall ; bark
James Bailey, for Matanzas ; brig Dethmar, for Kingston, Ju.; Erie,
for Boston ; and over 50 schs.
BALTIMORE . - Ar. 12th , brig Abo , Jones , Rio Janeiro, June
28; Emblem ,Perry, Gardiner; sch. Julia A.Rich, Harding, Boston.
NORFOLK. - Ar. 12th, (by telegraph) sch. D. E. Parker, Fall
River ; and others reported yesterday.
CHARLESTON . – Cld . 9th , sch . Havana Synımes, Baltimore.
78
NEW ORLEANS. — Ar. 4th , ship France, Nichols, Philadel
phia ; bark Saranac, Yates, Charleston .
SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS .
Where is Cadiz ? Malaga ? Liverpool ?
What is the meaning( 6of quarantine ?
via quarantine ?
What is the meaning of “ cleared ," as used in ship news ?
What does “ foreign " mean ?
coastwise mean ?
What will be the course of a vessel from Albany to Boston ?
From New Orleans to Boston , or New York ?
From St. Louis to Philadelphia ?
What is the latitude and longitude of St. Petersburg ?
"Where is Genoa ?
79
The following copies of newspaper advertisements will serve for ex
plaining many things, as well as for furnishing different formulas. The
abbreviations of the printers are explained in notes at bottom of page.
CARPETINGS .
WM . P. TENNY & CO . ,
Carpet Hall, over Maine Railroad Depot,
HAYMARKET SQUARE ,
A
RE receiving from manufacturers their stock of Goods for theFall
Trade , and would invite the attention of dealers to an inspec
tion of the same, previous to making their purchases. Our assortment
is larger than it has ever been before, and embraces in part
English Velvet, Tapestry and Brussels CARPETINGS ;
Three-ply, superfine and fine Ingrain
do.
Best American Velvet, Tapestry and Brussels
do .
Lowell Three-ply, super and extra fine Ingrain
do .
do .
Thompsonville
Tapleyville superfine, extra fine and fine Ingrain do.
Low -priced Woollen, Cotton , and Wool and Cotton do .
Tapestry, Brussels and Damask Stair
Venetian, Wool and Cotton
Hemp and
66
do .
do .
do .
PAINTED FLOOR -CLOTIIS, allwidths, in sheets and narrow
goods ;
English Preted BOCKINGS ; 8-4 Cotton do. ;
STRAW MATTINGS , in variety ; TABLE OIL -CLOTHS, of
German and American manufacture ; RUGS, DOOR MATS, STAIR
RODS , &c. And will be constantly receiving additions, as the sea
is & oslm - aug. 91
son advances.
FOR SALE , OR TO BE LET,
TWO Houses on Everett street, East Boston, Nos. 165
and 167. They are new, well built, and pleasantly situ
ated .
Terms
w .
Inquire at 34 Milk street, Boston ; or
of George Turnbull, Maverick Square, East Boston.
dec19 istMh2 & 2awostf ?
1. Inside and outside one month from August 9th .
2. From December 19th ; inside till March 2d , and twice a week outside
till forbidden.
80
MONTGOMERY HOUSE,
TREMONT, CORNER OF BROMFIELD STREET.
THIS large and commodious Hotel , having been thor.
oughly refitted and renovated , will be opened for the
accommodation of transient and permanent boarders, on
Monday next, Aug. 5th, 1850 .
The internal management of the House will be under the immedi
ate direction of Mr. JAMES S. PARKER , for several years favor
ably known to the travelling community as the proprietor of the
Samoset House , Plymouth , Mass.
The situation of the Montgomery House is unsurpassed in any re
spect by any other in the city , being nearly equally distant from all
the railroad depots and steamboat landings , and at a very convenient
distance from the business part of the city — and the subscriber hopes,
by the strictest attention to the best interests of those who may visit
him , to secure a liberal share of the public patronage.
Terms for transient boarders, $ 1 50 per day.
THOS . P. WILSON, Proprietor .
4wdislos
Boston, July 29th , 1850.
jy 301
White Iron Stone Ware.
WHE subscribers are opening a large invoice of White Vitrified
E IRON STONE WARE , a very superior article, adapted
THReal
for the use of Public Houses, Packet Ships and Restorators, or
Families desiring a very heavy, strong and durable article. The
assortment embraces every article for table or chamber use . One
great feature of this ware is, it does not change color when snipt.
JOHN COLLAMORE , Jr. , & CO. ,
is TuThS2w?
aug 10
FOR
98 Washington Street
SALE .
HOUSE No. 25 , Bowdoin Street. Apply to
B. SARGENT,
f2
3tisostf 3
No. 52 Chatham Street.
Feathers — July 29.
BAGS Prime Western LIVE GEESE FEATHERS , now
64 Ending frombarquetresta,andforsaleby
MANNING , GLÓVER & CO. ,
jy 29
1.
2.
3.
4.
isMWF1m
No. 1 Faneuil Hall .
Four weeks, – half inside and half outside, – from July 30th.
August 10th ; inside Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, for 2 weeks
Febʼy 2, three times inside , and outside iilſ forbidden .
July 29th ; inside Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, for 1 month ,
3
81
THE SIXTH EXHIBITION OF THE
MASSACHUSETTS
Charitable Mechanic Association ,
FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF MANUFACTURES
AND THE MECHANIC ARTS ,
WILL BE OPENED AT
FANEUIL AND QUINCY HALLS,
IN THE CITY OF BOSTON ,
On Wednesday, Sept. 11th, 1850.
THE Government of the Association , being vested with full powers
TH
to make all necessary arrangements for the EXHIBITION, re
spectfully invite and solicit the Mechanics, Manufacturers, Artists,
and Inventors of our country, to offer for Exhibition and Premium alí
works of art calculated to promote the interests of mankind .
MEDALS (of Gold or Silver ) or honorary Diplomas, will be
awarded , as the articles exhibited may deserve ; and the Managers
pledge themselves that the strictest impartiality shall be observed in
their distribution .
ARTICLES for Premium should be sent in season to be registered
by the RECEIVING CLERK, at Quincy Hall , on or before Saturday,
Sept. 7th .
Persons wishing for more particular information previous to the 7th
of September, or for copies of the Circular containing the precise
Rules and Regulations of the Exhibition, will please address, the
Secretary of the Association, (post paid,) at Boston .
my 7
By order of the Government,
isTuosFtf 1
FRED. H. STIMPSON , Sec'y.
TO BE LET .
Drama
LI
THE store in Washington street, No. 147, now occupied
by William B. Button . Possession will be given on the
HENRY G. RICE ,
230 September. Apply to
62 Beacon street.
my 17-iseop -oseoptf:
Trustees ' Sale of Real Estate ,
On
THE Estate on Leveret street , Nos . 80 and 82, being the
estate of the late Samuel Harris, measuring on Leverett
street 67 feet, and running back 90 feet.
For terms apply to the subscribers, No. 281 Broadway,
South Boston ; or, ArthurBurnham, No. 113Chamberstreet. .
WILLIAM HARRIS .
my27 -istJy10tostf 93
1. May 7th ; inside Tuesdays, and outside Fridays, till forbidden.
2. May 17th ; inside every other paper, and outside every other paper, til
3. May 27th ; inside till July 10th , and outside till forbidden.
forbidden .
82
FOR SALE .
A valuable estate in Charlestown, situate on Main and
Austin streets, contains about 20,000 feet of Land , with
where
buildings thereon, consisting of one brick dwelling House,
two wooden do. , and several large workshops, all rented
tenants; will be sold upon favorable terms. A rare oppor
tunity is offered to capitalists for_investment. Inquire of S. H.
to
DODGE, 106 State street; HENRY Taylor & Co. , 13 Kilby street ;
ģeopos3m jy61
01 STEÐHEN EMERY, on the premises.
Fall Importation - 1850.
WM. P. TENNY & CO.,
OVER THE MAINE RAILROAD DEPOT ,
HAYMARKET SQUARE ,
AVE received per Cambria," Invoices of Tapestry Velvet
Tapestry Brussels CARPETING
Best 3 thread 6
Common
do.
do.
Tapestry and Brussels Stair do.
Also — A. W. Lupec Dutch Carpetings, in a variety of colors, (a
very neat and durable article.)
English 24 ft. Floor Oil Cloths, a variety of patterns.
Fancy Bordered, Double Thrumb, Colored Wool, Cocoa, Brush,
Grass, and Open Senate Mats, of all qualities andprices.
The above is part of our importation for the Fall Trade, and com
prises a good assortment of RichGoods from the best English manu
facturers to which we respectfully invite attention .
New Goods will be constantly received as the season advances.
aug 12
eopis-eopos4wa
BLACK
A
SILKS !
COMPLETE assortment of WIDE BLACK SILKS, Rich
STUART & FORBES,
SILK AND SHAWL WAREHOUSE ,
aug 12
istf 3
66 Hanover Street.
1. Every other paper outside, 3 months , from July 6th .
2. Every other paper inside, and every other paper outside, for 4 weeks, from
August 12th ,
3. August 12th ; inside till forbidden
83
New Crockery Ware Store,
NO . 23 BROMFIELD STREET ,
HOWARD BOWKER, Jr. ,
MPORTER and Dealer in China, Crockery, and Glass Waie.
Also, constantly on hand, Britannia Ware, Tea Trays, Cutlery,
Table Mats, Solar Lamps, &c. , offers to the public a good assort
IMI
ment of the above Goods, at reasonable prices.
Purchasers are respectfully invited to call and examine his stock of
goods.
TuThSis3m
je 151
NEW ENGLAND
PRINT WAREHOUSE ,
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE SALE OF
PRINTED CALICOES,
BY THE PACKAGE OR PIECE .
BOSTON ,
HOLBROOK , CARTER & CO .
isTuThStf ?
NOS. 18 AND 20 PEARL STREET,
jy 11
.
MARBLE CHIMNEY PIECES,
MONUMENTS, GRAVESTONES,
MARBLE IN THE SLAB AND BLOCK.
VERY large assortment of the above constantly on hand and for
A
sale at very reduced prices, at the corner of Cambridge ar.d
Charles streets .
JOHN TEMPLETON .
jy 27
3tis-eop3m3
NOTICE .
Custom House, Boston, Aug. 12, 1850.
ROPOSALS will be received at this office until Monday, the 19th
inst., at 12 o'clock, M. , for furnishing five hundred tons Gran
PROPRIO
ite
Stone , each stone to weigh not less than one ton , or more than
three tons, to be delivered and placed on the outside of the Break
water at Long Point Light House, at the entrance of Provincetown
Harbor. The Stone to be placed underthedirection of the Light
keeper.
aug12
P. GREELY , JR. ,
ist194
Superintendent of Lights.
1. Tuesday, Thursday , and Saturday inside, for 3 months, from June 15th .
2. July 11th ; inside, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, till forbidden.
3. July 27th , three times inside, and every other paper for 3 months.
4. Aug. 12th'; inside till 19th inst.
84
The following sentences will tend to impress upon the mind facts
and dates, at the same time they are used as exercises in spelling.
The colonies of New England united for mutual defence in 1643.
The revolutionary war commenced in 1775 ; declaration of Inde
pendence of the U. S. made in 1776 ; peace restored in 1783 , and the
Constitution adopted in 1788.
George Washington , of Virginia , was the first President , and held
the office two terms, from 1789. During his administration, Vermont,
Kentucky, and Tennessee, were admitted into the Union as states.
John Adams, ofMassachusetts ,was the
second President of the U.
Hostilities with France occur
S. , and continued in office one term .
red during his administration .
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, succeeded Mr. Adams as President,
and held the office two terms. Ohio was received into the Union dur
ing Mr. Jefferson's administration .
Thomas Jefferson and John Ad
ams died on the same day, July 4th, 1826 .
The fourth President was James Madison, of Virginia, who was
elected in 1809, and continued in office two terms. Louisiana and
Indiana became states during his administration. War was declared
against England in 1812, and ended in 1814.
James Monroe , of Virginia, was the fifth President, and held the
office from 1817 to 1825. Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, and
Missouri, were admitted into the Union during Mr. Monroe's admin
istration .
John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, was the sixth President,
and was in office only one term . The Tariff Law was enacted during
his term .
In 1829, Andrew Jackson , of Louisiana, succeeded Mr. Adams.
He was reëlected in 1833. Michigan and Arkansas were admitted
into the Union during Mr. Jackson's second term.
Martin Van Buren , of New York , was the eighth President, and
was in office one term .
Wm . H. Harrison, of Ohio, succeeded Mr. Van Buren in 1841 .
He died soon after entering upon the duties of his office. He was
succeeded by John Tyler, of Virginia. During Mr. Tyler's term of
office, Florida and Texas became states of the Union.
James K. Polk, of Tennessee , was Mr. Tyler's successor.
He
continued in officeone term , and during that, the Mexican war took
place , Iowa and Wisconsin became states, and the territories of
New Mexico and California were annexed to the U. States.
In 1849, Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, became twelfth President
of the U. States. Ile died in the summer of 1850, and was succeedea
by Millard Fillmore, of New York.
APPENDIX .
The following pages have been added with the hope of increasing
the usefulness of the Dictation Exercises. It is confidently believed
that the work may be very advantageously used by the older classes
in all schools .
A LIST OF COMMON SYNONYMES ,
OR WORDS HAVING SIMILAR , THOUGH NOT PRECISELY THE SAME MEANING .
A
ABASE, HUMBLE , DEGRADE , DISGRACE, DEBASE,
Themodest abase themselves ; the noble degrade themselves ; we
disgrace ourselves by bad company, and debase ourselves by vice.
ABASH, CONFOUND , CONFUSE.
Shame will abash ; anything sudden or wonderful confounds; a
variety of emotions confuse.
ABATE, LESSEN, DIMINISH , DECREASE.
A storm , pain or anger may abate ; lessen and diminish are applied
to size , quantity, and number ; decrease lessens by degrees.
ABHOR, DETEST.
We abhor vice , but we detest atheism.
ABIDE, SOJOURN , DWELL.
Abide is less than sojourn , and sojourn less than dwell.
ABJURE, RECANT , RETRACT, REVOKE, RECALL .
We ahjure false religion ; we recant false doctrine ; we retract
promises ; we revoke commands; we recall expressions.
ABRIDGE, CURTAIL, CONTRACT.
We abridge privileges ; we curtail expenses ; we contract powers.
ABSOLVE, ACQUIT, CLEAR .
We absolve from oaths ; we acquit of charges ; we clear from guilt.
ABSTAIN , FORBEAR, REFRAIN .
We abstain from food ; we forbear to retaliate : we refrain from
anger.
8
86
BYNONYMES .
ABUSE, Misuse.
We abuse a privilege; we misuse a favor .
ACCOMPLISH, EFFECT, EXECUTE, ACHIEVE.
An object is accomplished ; a purpose is effected ; a project is ere
cuted ; an enterprise is achieved. By perseverance we accomplish ; by
means we effect; by ability we execute ; and with spirit we achieve.
ACKNOWLEDGE, OWN, CONFESS, Avow.
Facts are acknowledged ; faults are owned or confessed ; we avow
guilt.
ACTUATE, IMPEL, INDUCE.
Motives actuate; passions impel; and reason induces.
ADDUCE, ALLEGE, Assign , ADVANCE .
We adduce arguments; we allege charges or facts ; we assign
reasons ; we advance opinions .
ADORE, REVERENCE, VENERATE, REVERE.
We adore God ; reverence the good ; venerate the laws ; and revere
the dead .
AFFIRM , ASSERT .
What we know we affirm ; what we believe we assert.
AFFIX , SUBJOIN , ATTACH , ANNEX.
We affix titles to things ; we subjoin lines to letters ; we attach
blame to persons ; we annex territories to kingdoms.
ALLAY , SOOTHE, APPEASE, ASSUAGE.
The fervid and vehement are allayed ; the distressed are soothed ;
the tumultuous are appeased ; and grief is assuaged.
AMEND, CORRECT , REFORM , RECTIFY.
The moral conduct is amended ; errors are corrected ; the life is
reformed ; mistakes are rectified.
ANSWER, REPLY, REJOINDER, RESPONSE,
We answer to a question ; reply to an assertion ; rejoin to a reply ;
and respond in accordance with another.
APPREHEND, FEAR, DREAD.
The sentiment of apprehension isthat of uneasiness ; of fear, that
of anxiety ; and of dread , wretchedness.
AVERSION, ANTIPATHY, DISLIKE, HATRED, REPUGNANCE.
The aversion and antipathy apply to things ; the dislike and hatred
to persons ; and the repugnance to actions .
AWAKEN, EXCITE, PROVOKE, ROUSE.
We awaken curiosity ; excite the feelings ; and provoke the angry
passions.
RYNONYMES .
87
B
BECOMING, COMELY, GRACEFUL.
Becoming respects exterior deportment ; comely, natural embel
lishments ; graceful, natural or artificial accomplishments.
BIAS , PREPOSSESSION, PREJUDICE.
Bias marks the state of the mind ; prepossession applies to the
feelings ; and prejudice to the judgment .
BLEMISH , STAIN , SPOT, SPECK , FLAW.
The blemish tarnishes ; the stain spots ; the speck or flaw disfigures.
BORDER , BOUNDARY, FRONTIER , CONFINES, PRECINCTS .
The border marks the relation of one country to another ; the
boundary defines the limits ; the frontier is the commencement of a
country; the confines the parts adjoining ; the precincts the same.
BUILD, ERECT , CONSTRUCT.
We build a house , erect a monument, and construct a machine.
C
CALAMITY, DISASTER , MISFORTUNE, MISCHANCE, MISHAP.
The mischance or mishap is light or trivial; the misfortune griev
ous or heavy ; the disaster melancholy ; the calamity dreadful.
CARE, SOLICITUDE , ANXIETY.
Care is less than solicitude, and this less than anxiety.
Care, CHARGE, MANAGEMENT.
Care comprehends personal labor, as in the care of a house; charge
involves responsibility ; management includes regulation and order.
CIRCUMSTANTIAL , PARTICULAR, MINUTE.
Circumstantial includes the leading circumstances ; particular
takes in the more particular points ; minute takes in the smallest
-matters .
COARSE , Rough , RUDE.
Coarse language is used by persons of coarse feelings; rough
language by those whose tempers are rough and boisterous ; rude
language by the ignorant.
COERCION , RESTRAINT.
Coerción carries the idea of force ; restraint, that of simply keep
ing under or back .
COMMON, VULGAR, ORDINARY, MEAN .
Common is opposed to rare or refined ; vulgar to polite and culti
vated ; ordinary to the distinguished ; mean to the noble.
88
SYNONYMES .
COMPETITION,, EMULATION , RIVALRY .
Competition and emulation have honor for their basis ; rivalry is
but a desire for selfish gratification ; competition comprehends exer
tion ; rivalry provokes hatred .
COMPREHENSIVE, EXTENSIVE.
Comprehensive respects quantity ; extensive regards space . The
comprehensive is employed only with regard to intellectual objects, as
a comprehensive volunie.
CONCEAL, HIDE, SECRETE.
To conceal is to keep from observation ; to hide is to put under
cover ; to secrete is to put out of view .
CONQUER, VANQUISI, SUBDUE, OVERCOME , SURMOUNT.
Persons or things are conqueredor subdued ; persons only are van
quished. An enemy or a country is conquered ; a foe is vanquished ;
à people are subdued; prejudices are overcome; difficulties surmounted.
CONTAGIOUS, EPIDEMICAL
A contagious disease is one communi
ed by contact ; an epidemic
is a disease affecting a whole district , from electrical or atmospheric
causes .
CONTINUAL, PERPETUAL.
The continual admits of no interruption ; the perpetual of no
termination.
CORRECT, ACCURATE .
Correct is to be free from fault; accurate to be exactly right in
every particular.
CORRECTION, DISCIPLINE, PUNISHMENT.
Correction implies making what is wrong correct; discipline,
instruction and regulation ; punishment, an infliction of pain .
CULTURE , CULTIVATION.
Cultivation is properly applied to the thing that grows ; culture
to that in which it grows. We cultivate flowers, and prepare a soil
for them by our culture of the soil.
D
DARK , OBSCURE, DIM , MYSTERIOUS.
Darkis opposed to light; obscure to bright. Whatis dark is alto
gether hidden ; what is obscure is not
be distinctly seen .
Din
expresses adegree of darkness ; mysterious denotes something in
comprehensible .
SYNONYMES .
89
DEBILITY, INFIRMITY, IMBECILITY.
Debility is weakness of constitution ; imbecility weakness of the
mind ; infirmity is want of power in the moving parts of the body.
DECLAIM , INVEIGH .
The deciaimer is ready and full of words ; the inveigher is virulent
and personal.
DEED, EXPLOIT, ACHIEVEMENT, FEAT, rise upon each other in force .
DEFENCE, PROTECTION.
Defence is an occasional action ; protection a permanent one.
DEGRADE, DISGRACE .
Degrade signifies to bring lower ; disgrace to bring out of esteem.
DISMANTLE, DEMOLISII, RAZE , DESTROY.
Dismantle is to deprive of the mantle or gown ; demolish is to pull
down; raze is to make smooth or even with the ground ; destroy is
to deprive of existence.
DETER, DISCOURAGE, DISHEARTEN.
Deter signifies to frighten away from a thing ; discourage and dis
hearten, to deprive.of courage or heart.
DISCERNMENT, PENETRATION, DISCRIMINATION .
Discernment is seeing clearly ; penetration is seeing beyond the sur
face ; discrimination, the power of making a selection among many.
E
Emit, EXHALE, EVAPORATE.
Emit expresses the act of sending out ; exhale and evaporate are
both modes of emitting.
Volcanoes emit fire ; the earth exhales the
damp ; liquids evaporate.
ENERGY, FORCE, VIGOR.
With energy is connected the idea of activity ; with force that of
capability ; with vigor that of health .
ENORMOUS, HIGH , IMMENSE , VAST.
High is connected with height ; enormous signifies out of rule or
order; vast is extended to space ; immense is not to be measured.
Enough, SUFFICIENT.
He has sufficient whose wants are supplied ; he has enough whose
desires are satisfied .
ERADICATE, EXTIRPATE, EXTERMINATE.
Eradicate is to get out by the root ; extirpate, to get out the stock,
to destroy thoroughly ; exterminate is to cast out of the boundaries .
8*
90
SYNONYMES .
ERROR , MISTAKE, BLUNDER .
Error marks the act of wandering, as applied to the rational face
ulties ; mistake is erring in opinion or judgment ; blunder is a thing
done blindly.
ESTEEM , RESPECT, REGARD.
Esteem and respect flow from the understanding ; regard springs
from the affections also.
EXAMINATION, SEARCH, INQUIRY, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATION, SCRUTINY .
The examination is general, made by the senses and understand
ing ; the search is principally by physical action ; the inquiry is
mostly intellectual ; a research is a remote inquiry; an investigation
is a minute inquiry ; a scrutiny is a strict examination.
EXONERATE, EXCULPATE.
Exonerating is taking off the burden of a charge, or of guilt ;
exculpating is throwing off the blame.
EXTRANEOUS , EXTRINSIC .
Extraneous signifies not belongi
to it ; extrinsic signifies outward .
EXUBERANT, LUXURIANT .
Exuberance expresses the excess ; luxuriant signifies expanding
with unrestrained freedom .
F
FACTION , PARTY.
The party expresses only a division of opinion ; the faction is all
active and secret machination against those whose views areopposed.
FALLACIOUS, DECEITFUL, FRAUDULENT.
The fallacious respects falsehood in opinion ; the deceitful that
which is externally false ; the fraudulent is a gross species of the
deceitful.
FAME, REPUTATION , RENOWN.
Fame is noisy and uncertain ; reputation is silent and solid ;
renown is exalted and wide-spread reputation.
FIGURE , EMBLEM , TYPE , SYMBOL.
The figure is a resemblance ; the emblem is that which makes cor
poreal objectsstand for moral properties, as the dove is the emblem
of meekness ; the symbol is that which is converted into a constituted
sign among men , as the olive and laurel are the symbols of peace ;
the type is that by which one object is made to represent another in
the mysteries of religion , as the Jewish sacrifices were types of
Christ's sacrifice.
SYNONYMES.
91
FLATTERER, SYCOPHANT, PARASITE.
The flatterer deludes by words ; the sycophant fawns upon his
superior, and uses every mean artifice to ingratiate himself ; the
parasite is one who hangs upon the tables of the great for the basest
of purposes .
Forbid , PROHIBIT , INTERDICT.
Forbid signifies to bid not to do ; prohibit to hold that a thing shall
not be done. Prohibit is the judicial term , interdict the moral term .
FORETELL, PREDICT, PROPHESY, PROGNOSTICATE .
Foretell is an ordinary gift ; predict or prophesy, an extraordinary
gift. Prognosticate is an act of the understanding, and is guided by
outward symptoms as a rule. We foretell by simple calculation ;
we prophesy by means of inspiration , we prognosticate from natural
appearances.
FRANK, CANDID, INGENUOUS.
The frank man is under no constraint ; the candid man has noth
ing to conceal ; the ingenuous man is without disguise, and speaks
the truth naturally .
FREEDOM, LIBERTY.
Freedom is personal and private ; liberty is public; we present the
freedom of a city to an individual, and speak of the “ city liberties ”
as the immunities enjoyed by it.
G H
GENERAL, UNIVERSAL.
General includes the greater part or number ; universal includes
every particular part. The former is opposed to particular, the
latter to individual .
GENTEEL, POLITE.
Gentility respects rank in life ; politeness the refinement of the
mind and outward behavior.
GOVERNMENT, ADMINISTRATION.
The government includes every exercise ofauthority ; the adminis
tration implies only that act of authority which consists in putting
the law, or will , of another in force.
GUESS, CONJECTURE, DIVINE.
We guess what actually is ; we conjecture that which may be ; we
divine the meaning of a mystery.
HARD, CALLOUS, HARDENED, OBDURATE.
Hard denotes the absence of tender feeling ; callousness is the first
state of hardness in moral depravity ; obduracy is the last stage of
92
SYNONYMES .
moral
hardness, which supposes the whole mind to be obstinately
bent on vice .
HAUGHTINESS , DISDAIN , ARROGANCE.
Haughtiness is founded on the high opinion we entertain of our
selves ; disdain shows a contempt for others, and is founded on the
low opinion we have of them . Arrogance has lofty pretensions, and
is the result both of haughtiness and disdain, but more of the former
than of the latter.
HEALTHY, WHOLESOME, SALUBRIOUS, SALUTARY.
Healthy and wholesome are rather negative in their sense ; salubri
ous is positive ; that is healthy and wholesome which does no injury
to the health ; and that is salutary which serves to remove a disorder.
HEINOUS, FLAGRANT , FLAGITIOUS , ATROCIOUS.
The heinous is terrible ; the flagrant is what is excessive and
violent in its nature; the flagitious denotes particularly infamous ;
atrocious signifies exceedinglyblack.
HINDER , PREVENT , IMPEDE, OBSTRUCT.
The hinderance is caused by going behind and pulling a person
back ; the prevention is caused by coming before ; the impediment is
caused by coming between our feet ; the obstruction is caused by some
thing set up in the way.
Holy, Pious, Devout, RELIGIOUS.
A religious man is no more in his principles than his affections ;
piety is the union of the outward observance with the inward feeling;
devotion is thegiving of one's self up exclusively to acts of worship
and duty ; holiness is entire purity and heavenly-mindedness.
HONESTY, UPRIGHTNESS, INTEGRITY, PROBITY.
To be honest is simply to do what the law declares tobe right ; to
be upright supposes a superiority of understanding and moral con
viction; integrity is the wholeness or unbrokenness ofa man's char
acter; probity is the excellence and purity of a man's character in
its various relations .
HYPOCRITE, DISSEMBLER.
The hypocrite appears under a mask ; the dissembler appears contrary
to what he really is ; the hypocrite makes truth serve the purposes
of falsehood ; the dissembler makes falsehood serve his own particular
purpose .
I
IMPERVIOUS, IMPASSABLE , INACCESSIBLE .
Woods are impervious when they cannot be got through ; lines are
impassable when they cannot be got over ; and mountains are inacces
sible when they cannot be ascended .
SYNONYMES .
93
IMPLACABLE , UNRELENTING , INEXORABLE .
Implacable is not to be allayed or appeased ; unrelenting is not to
be made to give way ; inexorable is not to be moved by prayers.
IMPLANT, INGRAFT, INCULCATE, DISTIL, INFUSE .
To implant is to root principles in themind ; to ingraft is to infix
particular principles , as we ingraft one kind of tree upon another :
to distil is to drop in gently, as drop by drop ; to infuse is to amal
gamate ; to inculcate is to cut or stamp principles into the mind.
IMPRINT , IMPRESS, ENGRAVE .
Morally, things are imprinted on the mind, so as to produce recol
lection ; impressed so as to produce conviction ; and engraved so as not
to be obliterated.
INCONSISTENT , INCONGRUOUS , INCOHERENT.
Inconsistent marks the unfitness of being placed together ; incon
gruous marks the unsuitableness of one thing with another ; inco
'erence marks the incapacity of two things to cohere.
NFLUENCE , AUTHORITY.
Influence is altogether unconnected with any right to direct ,
authority includes the idea of right.
'NSIDIOUS, TREACHEROUS.
Insidious is to be in wait to ensnare ; treacherous is to betray.
In enemy may be insidious, but only afriend can be treacherous .
INSTITUTE , ESTABLISH , FOUND, ERECT .
To institute is to form according to a certain plan ; to establish is to
tix upon a certain basis ; to found is to lay the foundation on certain
principles ; to erect is to lift up to a certain point of perfection.
INSTRUMENT,Tool.
Moral reformers are the instruments of bringing about great
changes in nations ; spies and informers are the tools of government.
INTERCEDE, INTERPOSE, INTERFERE, INTERMEDDLE.
To intercede is literally to go between, but signifies the act of sup
plication on behalf of another; to interpose is to place one's self
between two parties, for the purpose of preventing some hostile act ;
to interfere is to go between parties with an object; and to inter
meddle is to interfere in matters with an idle or indefinite purpose .
INVASION, INCURSION, IRRUPTION .
Invasion expresses the general idea of making a forcible entrance
to a foreign country ; incursion is a hasty and sudden invasion ;
irruption is a violent' invasion.
JUSTICE, EQUITY.
Justice is founded on the laws of society ; equity is founded on the
laws of nature .
SYNONYMES.
K L
KINDRED, RELATIONSHIP, AFFINITY, CONSANGUINITY.
Kindred signifies being of the same general family ; relationship as
being of the particular family ; affinity signifies being in degree
connected , or coming close to each other's boundaries ; consanguinity
expresses the same blood .
KNOWLEDGE, SCIENCE , LEARNING , ERUDITION.
Knowledge is the general term , and is the thing known ; science is
a systematic species of knowledge connected with the operations of
nature or the manipulations of art ; learning is that species of
knowledge which we derive from book lore ; erudition is scholastic
knowledge obtained by profound research .
LEAVE , QUIT , RELINQUISH .
We leave persons or things; we quit and relinquish things only.
We leave those persons or things to which we intend to return ; we
quit that to which we return no more ; we relinquish that which we
do not again intend to hold .
LIFELESS, INANIMATE.
Lifeless supposes the absence of life where it has once been ;
inanimate , where it has never been.
LIKENESS, RESEMBLANCE, SIMILARITY.
Likeness respects either internal or external qualities; resemblance
respects only the external. We speak of a likeness between two
persons, a resemblance in the cast of the eye ; of a similarity of age
and disposition .
LINGER , LOITER.
To linger is to move slowly, from a wish to remain ; to loiter is
to move slowly , from carelessness or idleness .
LITTLE, SMALL , DIMINUTIVE .
Little is properly opposed to the great ; small to the large; and
diminutive is a species of small, contrary to the course of things.
M
MALEVOLENT, MALICIOUS, MALIGNANT.
Malevolent is wishing ill; malicious, having an evil disposition
and malignant, havingan evil tendency.
Mark, TRACE, VESTIGE, FOOTSTEP, TRACK .
The mark is said of a fresh uninterrupted line ; the trace is said
of that which is broken by time ; we discover by marks that things
have been ; we discover by traces and vestiges what they have been.
95
SYNONYMES
Footstep is employed only for the steps of an individual ; the track is
made by the steps of many :
MELODY , HARMONY.
Melody signifies any modulated sounds measured after the manner
of verse into distinct members or parts ; harmony signifies the adapt
ing modulated sounds to each other.
MERCANTILE, COMMERCIAL.
The first respects the actual transaction of business , or a transfer
of merchandise by sale or purchase ; commercial comprehends the
theory and practice of commerce
hence we speak of a mercantile
house, but a commercial education, people, &c.
MISCONSTRUE, MISINTERPRET.
Both of these signify to explain in a wrong way. Misconstruing
is the consequence of ignorance ; misinterpretalion of particular words
is often the consequence of prejudice and voluntary blindness.
MOISTURE, HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS.
Moisture is used in general to express any small degree of infusion
of a liquid into a body ; humidity is employed scientifically to
describe the state of havingany portion of such liquid ; dampness is
that species of moisture which arises from the gradual contraction of
a liquid in bodies capable of retaining it.
N
Natal, Native, INDIGENOUS.
Natal signifies belonging to one's birth, or the act of one's being
born ; but native signifies having the origin of beginning ; indigenous,
springing from that place.
NEGLECT, OMIT.
Neglect is a culpable action ; to omit, an indifferent one.
NEIGHBORHOOD, VICINITY .
Neighborhood signifies the place which is nigh ; that is , nigh to
one's habitation ; vicinity signifies the place which does not exceed
in distance the extent of a village.
Nightly , NOCTURNAL.
These signify belonging to the night or the night season .
former is more familiar than the latter.
ance, and nocturnal dreams, visits, &c .
NOTED, NOTORIOUS .
The
We say nightly disturb
Noted may be employed either in a good or bad sense ; notorious
is never used but in a bad sense. Men may be noted for their talents
or their eccentricities ; they are notorious only for their vices.
96
SYNONYMES .
Notice, REMARK , OBSERVE.
To notice is either to give or take notice ; to remark signifies to
mark a thing over again ; to observe signifies either to keep a thing
present before one's view, or to communicate our views to another .
0
OBEDIENT, SUBMISSIVE , OBSEQUIOUS .
One is obedient to the command ; submissive to the power or will ;
obsequious to the person .
OPINIATED, CONCEITED, EGOTISTICAL.
A fondness of one's own opinions bespeaks the opiniared man ;a
fond conceit of one's self bespeaks the conceited man ; a fond attach
nent to himself bespeaks the egotistical man .
OPINION , SENTIMENT, Notion.
Opinion is the work of the head ; sentiment, to feel, is said to be
the work of the heart ; notion is a simple operation of the thinking
iacuity. We form opinions ; we have sentiments ; we get notions.
VERRULE, SUPERSEDE.
To overruie is literally to get the superiority of rule ; to supersede
ir to get tìe upper or superior seat ; but the former is employed only
os the act of persons ; the latter is applied to things as the agents.
Overturx , OVERTHROW , SUBVERT, INVERT, REVERSE .
To overturn is simply to turn over, which may be more or less
less violent ; to overturn is to turn a thing either with its bottom or
gradual ; but to overthrow is to throw over, which may be more or
side upwards ; to suivert is to turn that under which should be
upward ; to reverse is to turn that before which should be behind ;
and to invert is to place that on its head which should be on its feet ;
to overturn is said only of small inutters ; to subvert, only of national
or large concerns — as, to ova turn a wheelbarrow ; to subvert a consti
tution .
P
PERCEPTION, CONCEPTION , IDEA.
A perception is that which the senses Berceive while the object is
present; a conception is that which tho mind perceives when the
object is ahsent ; an idea is a mental image formed by the intellec
tual chemistry of our conceptions.
PERCEIVE, DISCERN, DISTINGUISH .
To perceive is a positive ; to discern , a relative action . We per
ceive things by themselves; we discern them among many others.
To distinguish is to point out a particular thing.
SYNONYMES .
97
Positive, ABSOLUTE , PEREMPTORY.
Positive is fixed or established in the mind ; absolute is uricon
trolled by any external circumstances ; peremptory is removed from
all further question .
POWER, AUTHORITY, DOMINION.
Power exists independently of all right; authority is founded only
on right ; dominion is a positive degree of power.
PRETENCE, PRETEXT.
The pretence is a misrepresentation ; the pretext consists alto
gether of falsehood .
PRIMARY, PREMATURE, ORIGINAL
Primary signifies belonging to or like the first ; premature is ac
cording to the first ; original is containing the origin.
PROCEEDING , TRANSACTION .
The proceeding is said of something going forward ; the trans
action of something already done.
PROFESS, DECLARE.
One professes by words or actions ; one declares only by words.
PROMISCUOUS, INDISCRIMINATE.
Promiscuous is applied to any number of different objects mingled
together ; indiscriminate is onlyapplied to the actionin which one
does not discriminate different objects.
PROPORTIONATE, COMMENSURATE , ADEQUATE.
That is proportionate which rises as a thing rises, and falls as a
thing falls ; that is commensurate which is made to rise to the same
measure or degree ; that is adequate which is made to come up to
the height of another thing.
Q R
QUALITY, PROPERTY, ATTRIBUTE.
The quality is that which is inherent in the thing and is coësist
ent;. the property is thatwhich belongs to it for the time being ; the
attribute is that quality which is assigned to any object.
RAPACIOUS, RAVENOUS, VORACIOUS.
Rapacious signifies grasping with an eager desire to have ; raven
ous respects the haste with which one eats ; voracious respects the
quantity which one consumes.
RASHNESS, TEMERITY .
Rashness expresses hurried and excessive motion ; temerity denotes
acting from the impulse of the moment
9
98
SYNONYMES .
REBOUND , REVERBERATE, RECOIL .
To rebound is to bound or spring back ; to reverberate is to beat
back ; to recoil is to coil or whirl back.
reverberates ; a snake recoils.
A ball rebounds ; a sound
RECLAIM , REFORM.
Reclaim is to call back to its right place that which is gone astray ;
reform is to form again that which has changed its form .
REFUSE, REJECT, REPEL, REBUFF.
Refuse is properly not to take or to send back ; reject is to cast back ;
repel is to reject with violence ; rebuff is to refuse with contempt.
RELAX, REMIT.
Relax is to make loose ; remit is to take off in part what has been
imposed .
We relax efforts, remit taxes .
RELATE, RECOUNT, DESCRIBE.
We relate and recount only what passes ; we describe whatever
exists ; we relate either by writing or speaking ; we recount only by
speaking.
REMAINS, Relics.
Remains signifies literally what remains; relics what is left after
lapse of time; as the remains of buildings destroyed by fire -- the
relics of antiquity in monasteries and old churches.
REPENTANCE, PENITENCE, CONTRITION, COMPUNCTION , REMORSE.
Repentance is feeling one's self wrong; penitence is deep sorrow
for a crime ; contrition is to bruise as it were for sorrow ; compunction
is to prick thoroughly ; remorse is to have a gnawing pain.
REVILE , Vilify .
We revile a person by a direct attempt to make him look vile in
his own eyes ; we vilify him by making him appear vile in the
eyes of others.
RIDICULE, SATIRE, IRONY, SARCASM .
Ridicule has simply laughter in it; satire has a mixture of ill
nature or severity ; irony has disguised satire — it praises that which
it really means to condemn ; sarcasm is bitter and personal satire .
S
SECULAR, TEMPORAL, WORLDLY.
Secular
signifies
belonging
temporal,
lasting only
for a
time
; worldly
signifies
after to
the time;
manner
of the world.
Secular is
opposed to ecclesiastical; temporal and worldly are opposed to
spiritual and eternal.
SYNONYMES.
99
SEDULOUS, DILIGENT .
Sedulous signifies constant occupation ; diligent is a general term
for industrious.
SERVANT, DOMESTIC, MENIAL, DRUDGE.
A servant is one who serves ; a domestic serves in a house or fam
ily ; a menial is one who performs the meanest offices; a drudge is
one who does the most inferior kinds of labor.
SHINE, GLITTER, GLARE, SPARKLE, RADIATE.
To shine is
give steady emission of light ; to glitter is to shed
an unsteadyemissionof light ; to glare is to throw forth the high
est possible degree of light ; to sparkle is to emit light in small por
tions ; and to radiate is to emit it in long lines.
SOLICITATION, IMPORTUNITY .
Solicitation is general ; importunity is importunate or troublesome
solicitation .
SPEND, EXPEND, WASTE, Exhaust, DRAIN .
To spend is simply to turn to some purpose ; expend carries with
it the idea of exhausting ; waste, of exhausting to no good purpose ;
exhaust is to draw out all there is ; drain is to draw off gradually.
SPREAD, CIRCULATE, PROPAGATE, PROMULGATE, DISSEMINATE.
To spread is to extend generally ; to circulate is to spread as within
a circle ; to propagate is to continue by successive production ; to
promulgate is to publish widely ;to disseminate is to cast forth as
seeds . We say , the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, in
stead of promulgation, because the former word contains the idea
of begetting new opinions upon the old .
TW
TEMPERAMENT, TEMPERATURE.
Temperament relates to animal bodies, as a sanguine temperament;
temperature, to the atmosphere ; as a high or low temperature.
TEMPORARY , TRANSIENT, TRANSITORY.
Temporary is intended to last only for a time, in distinction to
that which is permanent ; transient characterizes what in its nature
exists only for a moment ; transitory, that which exists for a time
and then passes away.
TENET, POSITION.
The tenet is the opinion we hold in our own minds; the position is
that we lay down for others ; our tenets may be hurtful, our position
false.
WHOLE, ENTIRE, COMPLETE, TOTAL, INTEGRAL.
Whole excludes subtraction ; entire excludes division ; complete
excludes deficiency ; total denotes the aggregate of the parts ; and
integral is the same as the whole number :
100
PREFIXES .
THE SUBJOINED TABLES CONTAIN THE MOST COMMON
SAXON , LATIN , AND GREEK PREFIXES.
PREFIXES. — A Prefix is a word, or part of a word, placed before
the root, and uniting with it, in order to vary its sense, as to the
radical word just is prefixed the particle un, which renders it nega
tive ; to the word port, derived from the Latin primitive porto , is
prefixed the Latin word ex, signifying out of, which forms the word
export.
SAXON OR ENGLISH PREFIXES .
A, signifies on or in ; as aboard, abed, ashore, afield, afoot.
BE, is simply the verb to be, and signifies about, before, or to make ;
as besprinkle, bespeak, before, bedim , bedaub . Be is some
times à corruption of the preposition by ; as in the word
because, or by the cause .
En or Em , signifies in or on ; also, to make or to give; as enchain ,
enclose, empower , encourage, &c. This' prefix is sometimes
changed into em , as embrace.
Fore, signifies before; as foretell, forewarn ,foreknow , forerun.
Mıs, signifies ill or error , or it denotes defect; as mischance, mis
fortune, mislead, mistrust, miscall , misapply, mishap, mistake.
Out , denotes over, beyond, or out ; it signifies, also, superiority; as
outbid , outgrow , outlive, outrun , outspread .
OVER, signifies excess ; as overact, overreach , overflow , overrule.
Un. This prefix has the sense of negation ; as unlucky, unstrung,
unformed . It is the most frequent preposition in our lan
guage.
Up, denotes motion upwards; as upwards, uphold, uprouse ; some
times subversion , as upset.
With, signifiesfrom , back, away, or against ; as withdraw , withhold,
withstand.
LATIN PREFIXES .
A, AB, ABS, signify from or away ; as avert, to turn from ; abrupt,
broken off ; abstract, to draw away ; abduce, to lead from ;
abstain, to hold or keep from ; absolve, to free from .
Ad, with its forms, AC, AL, AP , AR , AS, AT , AF, signifies to or at ; as
advert, to turn to ; accede , to yield to ; illy , to fasten to ; an
nounce, to declare ; appropriate, to suit to; assume, to take
to ; attract , to draw to ; affix, to fix to ; arrogate, to claim
to , & c.
101
ANTE, or ANTI, sign :fies before ; as antecedent ,going before ; antedato,
to date before ; antediluvian , before the deluge, & c.
Circo and CIRCUM, denote round or about ; as circumscribe, to trace a
line round ; circumvent, to surround by cunning ; circumvolve,
to roll round ; circumnavigate, to sail round ; circulate , &c.
Con, with its forms com, co, coG, COL, cor, signifies together ; as
contract, to draw together ; compose , to place together;
cooperate, to work together ; collect, to gather together;
condole, to grieve together; compress , to press together, &c.
Contra , with its forms CONTRO , COUNTER , signifies against ; as contra
dict , to speak against ; contravene, to oppose ; contrary,
opposite ; contrast, to place in opposition , & c.; controvert,
to turn against ; counteract, to act against.
DE, signifies down; as depress, to press down ; also off or from ; as
decapitate, to take off the head.
Di, dis, or DIF, signify away, apart, or asumer ; as divert, to turn
away ; dissect, to cut asunder ; disrobe, to take off robes ;
diffuse, to throw about in separate particles.
E, EC, Ex, and EXTRA , signify out or beyond ; as eject, to cast out ;
extract, to draw out ; extraordinary, beyond the ordinary ;
exclaim , to cry out .
IN, IG , IM , IL, IR , signify, in VERBS , in , into , on , upon ; in ADJECTIVES,
not ; as inspire , to breathe or draw in ; immure, to wall in ;
illume, to throw light in ; irruption, a breaking in. Before
an adjective these prefixes signify not ; as incorrect, imma
ture, illiberal, irregular, illegal, improper, not correct, &c.
INTER, denotes between ; as intervene, to come between ; intersect, to
cut between ; interpose, to place between.
INTRO, signifies into ; as introduce , that is , to lead into ; intromit, to
send or let in .
Juxta , signifies nigh to ; as juxta -position, a position close to a
thing.
OB, with its forms oc, of, op, signifies against ; as obtrude, to thrust
against ; occur, to come in the way of; offer, to bring against;
oppose, to place against.
PER, signifies through, thoroughly, or completely ; as pervade, to go
through ; permeate, to extend through ; perfect, done thor
oughly.
Post, signifies after ; as postpone, to come after ; posthumous, born
after a father's death ; postscript, written after .
PRÆ, or PRE, signifies before; as preengage, to engage before ; pre
judge, to censure or judge beforehand .
PRETER, signifies past or beyond ; as preternatural, beyond what is
natural .
Pro, signifies forth, forward, for ; as proceed , to go forward ; pro
noun , for a noun .
9*
102
Re, signifies again ; as reproduce, renew , return , reflux, revive, to
produce again , &c .
Retro, signifies
backwards; as.retrospect, looking back ; retrograde,
going back .
SuB and SUBTER, signify under ; as subscribe , to write beneath ;
submerge , to put beneath the sea ; or subterflowing, flowing
under ; subterfuge, flying under.
SUPER , signifies over or above; as superscription , a writing above ;
supernatural, beyond what is natural.
Trans, signifies beyond, over, or through ; as transmit, to send from
one place to another ; transatlantic, beyond or over the At
lantic ; translucent, shining through.
Ultra, signifies beyond ; as ultramontane, beyond the mountains.
GREEK PREFIXES .
A and an, signify not or without; as apathy, without pathos or feel
ing; anonymous, without a name ; anarchy, without govern
ment .
Auge [amphi), both , or by turns; as amphibious, partaking of two
modes of life, or living both on land and water.
Arti [anti] , opposite to, or against; as antipathy, a feeling against a
person ; antipodes , having feet opposite ; antichrist, against
or in opposition to Christ.
Ano [apo) , from , off, away from ; as apostate, one who has gone
away from his religion.
Ala [dia ), through, by, by means of; as diameter, passing through ;
diæresis, a separation ; diaphanous, appearing through .
Als [dis ], twice, two, twice as much ; as dissyllable, a word of two
syllables.
Eiti [epi], upon , over , above; as epidemic, a disease upon the people ;
epilogue, a speech upon the play ; epitaph , an inscription
' YnQ [h -uper ), above, over ,beyond, instead of ; as hyperbolical, over
upon a tomb , & c .
or beyond the fact; hypercritical, over critical.
' Yro [h -upo), under ; as hypocrite, one who acts under the mask of
deception.
Kata [kata ), down, or under ; as catacomb, a place for the dead
under ground ; cataract, water falling down from a height.
Meta [meta ], beyond or changing ; as metaphor, a word carried
beyond its meaning ; metamorphosis, changing to another
form ; metaphysics, the science which goes beyond material
things.
Tlapa (para ), by the side of, against ; as parallel, beside another ;
paradox, against common opinion ; parasol, keeping the sun
from .
103
USE OF PREPOSITIONS.
TIepi (peri] , about, of, concerning, round about ; as perimeter, reas
ure round about ; periphery, circumference.
Evy (syn , or in English sun ], also sym and syl, signify with, together,
at the same time ; as synonyme, a word of the same meaning ;
syllable , letters pronounced together ; symptom , something
happening with.
USE OF APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS.
Certain words and phrases should be followed by appropriate
prepositions. The following list exhibits the correct use of various
prepositions :
Abhorrence
Accede
Abound
accuse
agreeable
adapt
acquiesce
confide
deficient
ambitious
boast
adequate
affinity
antipathy
conformable
clear
diminution
congenial
eager
engage
initiate
trust
versed
acquit
admonish
consonant
correspond
enamored
exclusive
difficulty
of
ignorant
independent
inform
mistrustful
need
observance
discouragement to
endeared
Alienate
foreign
differ
inured
derogate
prejudicial
pursuant
dissent
reconcile
recreant
regard
Swerve
pursuance
accord
relevant
restore
true
Bestow
call
comply
depend
want
Acquainted
compliance
compatible
endowed
endued
replete
sympathize
with
devolve
fawn
frown
inculcate
intent
insist
from
distinguish
proud
worthy
in
admiration
alteration
on
or
upon
NOTE. — Let the pupil be required to write sentences, and make an appro
priate use of the above words.
104
TERMS PECULIAR TO ARITHMETIC , GRAMMAR, & C.
The following columns contain many of the terms peculiar to
Book -keeping. These the pupil should spell and define.
Arithmetic , Grammar, Geography, Philosophy, Physiology, and
ARITHMETIC .
GRAMMAR .
noun
declivity
Addition
Alphabet
orthography
diameter
analysis
allegory
objective
estuary
alligation
adverb
equator
gulf
hemisphere
annuity
adjective
avoirdupois
antithesis
prosody
primitive
primary
commission
affix
prefix
complex
apostrophe
currency
aspirate
auxiliary
preposition
participle
participial
decimal
definition
division
divisor
dividend
duodecimal
equation
equality
equity
factor
fractions
clause
climax
conjunction
potential
consonant
positive
punctuation
meridian
mountain
nadir
couplet
rhetoric
ocean
diphthong
dissyllable
rhyme
parallel
stanza
plateau
prairie
classification
syntax
syllable
integer
insurance
etymology
involution
exclamation
feminine
subjunctive
superlative
suffix
multiplication
multiplicand
hyperbole
independent
synopsis
transposition
triphthong
indicative
trisyllable
numeration
interjection
progression
permutation
proportion
plus
quotient
infinitive
ratio
reduction
subtraction
subtrahend
horizon
isthmus
island
comparative
elementary
emphasis
minuend
minus
frith
period
polysyllable
possessive
derivative
geometrical
equinoctial
latitude
longitude
promontory
peninsula
territory
zenith
PHILOSOPHY .
Acoustics
aphelion
apogee
GEOGRAPHY .
apparatus
imperative
interrogation
Area
arctic
barometer
intransitive
antarctic
caloric
iruny
irregular
metaphor
acclivity
capillary
battery
atmosphere
cohesion
antipodes
cylinder
masculine
boundary
metonymy
daguerreotype
divisibility
modification
canal
channel
monosyllable
commerce
neuter
compass
circumference
nominative
elasticity
electricity
equilibrium
hydraulics
105
BOOKS OF THE BIBLE .
PHILOSOPHY
zodiac
Hydrogen
hydrometer
PHYSIOLOGY.
larynx
veins
lacteal
ventricle
ligament
lungs
BOOK - KEEPING .
impenetrability Anatomy
indestructibility aorta
membrane
inertia
auricle
artery
mucous
muscle
account current
brain
carotid
nerves
acceptance
organ
blotter
cartilage
oesophagus
bills of exchange
capillaries
diaphragm
pancreas
chattel note
oxygen
draft
parallax
digestion
pulse
respiration
perigee
enamel
exhalation
femoral
kaleidoscope
malleability
microscope
nucleus
opaque
perihelion
pneumatics
prism
gall
siphon
inhalation
telescope
kidney
thermometer
lymphatic
Alphabet, or
index
saliva
journal
ledger
spleen
mortgage
stomach
posting
skeleton
tendon
tonsil
trachea
promissory note
receipt
trial-balance, or
balance - sheet
BOOKS OF THE BIBLE.
OLD TESTAMENT .
Genesis
Exodus
II . Chronicles
Ezra
Leviticus
Nehemiah
Numbers
Esther
Job
Deuteronomy
Daniel
Hosea
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Psalms
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Micah
Songof Solomon
Zephaniah
Haggai
I. Kings
II. Kings
I. Chronicles
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Matthew
Ephesians
James
Mark
Luke
Philippians
I. Peter
II . Peter
I. John
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
I. Samuel
II. Samuel
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zechariah
Malachi
NEW TESTAMENT .
John
Acts
Romans
I. Corinthians
II . Corinthians
Galatians
Colossians
I. Thessalonians
II . Thessalonians
I. Timothy
II. Timothy
Titus
Hebrews
II . John
III . John
Jude
Revelation
106
PLURALS OF NOUNS.
PROPER NAMES, SELECTED FROM NEW TESTAMENT.
Åth ens
Phar i sees
Ca naan
He ro di ans
Adri a
Côr inth
A si a
Au gus tus
Ca ri a
A the ni ans
Ci li ci a
Co los' si ans
Co rin thi ans
Ap pi i
Ca per
Bå lak
Cap pa do cia
Ba laam
Eph e sus
Ar chip pus
na um
Is car i ot
Jā son
Ju das
Je sus
Ju pi ter
Ra ma
Ra hab
Ro mans
Ru fus
Si don
Sa mos
Jo an na
Je ru sa lem
Laz a rus
Sy char
Ste phen
Bab y lon
Ephe sians
Lū ci us
Saddu cees
Ba răb bas
Beth sā i da
Ca ' na
E mắn u bl
Eū roc ly don
Lý si a
Mỹ si a
Syr a cuse
Sil o am
Gal li
Gol go tha
Na a man
Naz a rěth
Sa mar i tans
Ce dron
Chi os
Pa phos
Cæ sar
Ga la tians
He brew
Pon ti us
Gal i lee
Ce phas
Tar sus
Ter ti us .
Pro te us
Note: — The pupil should be required to spell the above, and also to give
some account of each one .
PLURALS OF NOUNS.
The following words, derived from foreign languages, form their
plurals in accordance with the language from which they are taken .
Latin and Greek words ending in isform their plural by changing
is into es .
Singular.
Plural.
Singular.
Plural.
emphasis ,
hypothesis,
emphases .
hypotheses .
Amanuensis, amanuenses.
antitheses .
antithesis ,
analyses.
analysis,
axes .
axis ,
basis ,
bases.
metamorphosis, metamorphoses.
oases .
oasis ,
parenthesis,
parentheses.
crisis,
phasis,
crises .
thesis ,
ellipses.
ellipsis,
The following add es, or change x to ces :
3
theses.
indexes .
apices.
Apex,
phases.
index,
indices.
apexes.
appendix, appendices.
radix,
radices.
S appendixes.
calx ,
calxes.
calces.
vertexes.
vertex ,
vertices.
vortex , vortices.
107
WORDS USED IN THE BIBLE .
Nouns in us generally form their plurals in i.
Alumnus,
focus ,
alumni .
foci.
fungus,
fungi.
genius ,
magus ,
genii.
magi.
nucleus ,
obolus,
radius,
stimulus,
nuclei .
oboli.
radii.
stimuli.
Nouns in on and um form their plurals in a.
Addendum ,
addenda .
erratum ,
errata .
animalculum ,
animalcula .
ephemera .
gymnasia .
criteria.
ephemeron ,
gymnasium ,
medium ,
memorandum ,
corrigenda.
momentum ,
momenta
data ,
phenomenon ,
scholium ,
speculum ,
phenomena .
arcanum ,
arcana .
automaton ,
criterion ,
corrigendum ,
datum ,
desideratum ,
effluvium ,
automata .
desiderata .
effluvia .
encomia.
stratum ,
encomium,
The following nouns form their plurals thus :
Bandit,
beau ,
batteau ,
chapeau ,
chateau ,
cherub ,
dogma,
formula ,
media.
memoranda .
scholia .
specula.
strata .
banditti.
genus,
bandits .
beaux .
lamina, laminæ .
batteaux.
miasma, miasmata .
chapeaux .
monsieur , messieurs .
nebula, nebulæ.
seraphim
seraph, seraphs. .
chateaux .
cherubs .
cherubim .
larva,
dogmas.
formulæ .
formulas.
genera .
larvæ .
stamina .
stamen ,
viscus,
) stamens.
viscera .
WORDS USED IN THE BIBLE .
The following words and names occur in, orin relation to, the
sacred Scriptures. It will be a useful exercise for scholars to write
the words, and also write the definition of each, or give some ac
count of the proper names .
Alien
baptism
chasten
covenant
angel
antichrist
archangel
besom
circumcision
compassion
congregation
crucifixion
blasphemy
atonement
booth
brawler
apostle
canon
ascension
charity
commandment
conscience
contrition
cymbal
decalogue
deacon
deluge
derision
108
WORDS USED IN THE BIBLE.
schism
scoffer
diadem
innumerable
penury
disciple
dispensation
dragon
ephod
epistle
inquisition
inspiration
perdition
perseverance
scourge
intercession
persuasion
scorpion
invisible
pestilence
scripture
interpretation
phylacteries
shrine
eschew
exhortation
extortion
justice
justification
fallow
famine
leviathan
loath
posterity
prophecy
propitiation
proselyte
proverb
furnace
publican
steward
stubborn
gospel
malice
mammon
purification
superstition
Hallelujah
manifold
raiment
supplication
haughtiness
manna
ransom
surety
helmet
heritage
martyr
mediation
reconciliation
redeemer
hypocrisy
idolatry
melody
redemption
mercy
reformation
immortality
miracle
regeneration
synagogue
tabernacle
testament
tithes
tittle
immutability
implacable
mystery
poisome
resurrection
revelation
transgression
incorruptible
oracle
righteousness
incredible
incurable
inexcusable
ordinance
sabbath
vengeance
vanity
parable
paradise
sackcloth
sacrifice
version
usury
infallible
passover
sacrilege
worship
infidel
salvation
sanctification
wrinkle
infinite
patriarch
patrimony
iniquity
pavilion
sanctuary
leaven
slugcard
sojourn
sorcerer
spikenard
tribulation
Almighty
Egyptians
Israelites
Pentecost
Cretes
Gabriel
Jews
Chaldeans
Cherubim
Galileans
Magi
Gentiles
Medes
Pentateuch
Persians
Pleiades
Deity
Hebrews
Elamites
Jehovah
Messiah
Parthians
Rabbi
Seraphim
109
ANIMALS .
ANIMALS .
QUADRUPEDS.
Alligator
Goat
Аре
Gazelle, or Antelope
Opossum
Armadillo
Bear
Beaver
Gnu
Otter
Glutton
Panther
Hare
Peccary
Badger
Hippopotamus
Porcupine
Baboon
Horse
Buffalo
Bison
Hedgehog
Rabbit
Raccoon
Rhinoceros
Ourang -outang
Camel
Ibex
Ichneumon
Camelopard, or Giraffe
Jerboa
Lama
Seal
Sable
Sloth
Lion, Lioness
Leopard
Lynx
Sheep
Squirrel
Tiger, Tigress
Dog
Elephant
Martin
Tortoise
Monkey
Elk
Mule
Ermine
Marmot
Weasel
Wolf
Zebra
Chamois
Civet
Crocodile
Deer
Fox
Nylghau
NOTE. — The following are some of the principal words descriptive of ani.
Owl
Hawk
Turkey
Pheasant
Gallinac
eous
.
Buzzard
Kingfisher
Cuckoo
Partridge
Quail
Swallow
Mocking -bird
Humming-bird
Woodpecker
Thrush
Fieldfare
Toucan
Redwing
Crane
Heron
Bittern
Stork
Flamingo
Pelican
Cormorant
Albatross
Gull
Parrot
Blackbird
Petrel
Pigeon
Finch
Tern
Bullfinch
Penguin
Ostrich
Goldfinch
Cassowary
Canary
Swan
Goose
Bustard
Grouse
Nightingale
Redbreast
Dodo
10
Barnacle
Water
fowls
.
Magpie
Jay
Kite
Lark
Warble
Vulture
Falcon
Rook
Crow
.
kind
Sparrow
Condor
BIRDS .
Raven
.
kind
Pie
the
of
Birds
Eagle
.
Rapacious
mals, and it will be a useful exercise for pupils toapply them appropriately.
Amphibious, carnivorous, omnivorous, herbivorous, graminivor
ous, savage, ferocious, noxious, innoxious, predatory, ravenous.
110
MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS.
TREES .
Ash
Apple
Apricot
Box
Bass
Hemlock
Cherry
Juniper
Peach
Pine
Cedar
Larch
Locust
Poplar
Acacia
Balsam
Birch
Beech
Cypress
Maple
Oak
Chestnut
Elm
Mahogany
Myrtle
Walnut, or Hickory
Banyan
Ebony
Pear
Plum
Balm of Gilead Fir
Palm
Sycamore
Willow
MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS .
Require pupils to write the following, and give some account of
each , and tell for what purpose each is useful.
Alum
Acorn
Glue
Ginger
Parchment
Rice
Allspice
Gutta Percha
Raisins
Bristles
Gypsum
Ivory
Silver
Scissors
Saffron
Barley
Brass
Cinnamon
Chalk
India Rubber
Iron
Clay
Coal
Lead
Leather
Copper
Lard
Soda
Mercury
Sugar
Soap
Sponge
Spermaceti
Chloride of lime
Cloves
Camphor
Camomile
Chaff
Coffee
Cork
Currants
Coral
China
Knives
Mortar
Mace
Maize
Mustard
Nails
Needles
Sago
Sand
Slate
Salt
Tin
Thimble
Tea
Nutmegs
Nutgalls
Turpentine
Oats
Wheat
Emery
Platinum
Flint
Pewter
Pins
Wafer
Whalebone
Zinc
Feathers
Gold
Glass
Vinegar
Putty
Pearlash
NOTE. — A work , entitled “ Treasury of Knowledge," published by A. S.
Barnes and Co., New York, will give pupils much valuable information relating
to the above.
111
BUSINESS FORMS .
WORDS FOR SPELLING AND DEFINING .
Let scholars spell and define the following words :
Affectionate
imprudence
impudence
civility
fratricide
friendliness
courteousness
filial
infanticide
perseverance
parricide
reasonable
charity
honesty
jealousy
regicide
decorum
economy
honorable
homicide
kindness
rudeness
etiquette
incivility
maternal
manliness
suicide
envy
faithfulness
indecorous
matricide
obedience
truthfulness
fidelity
idleness
fortitude
forbearance
industry
insincerity
impression
politeness
propriety
virtuous
wrathful
paternal
zealous
impropriety
fraternal
Astronomy
Biography
Chronology
Mathematics
Chemistry
Hydrostatics
Hydraulics
Solar System
Mercury
Pneumatics
Venus
Earth
Mars
Ceres
Pallas
Zoology
Mineralogy
Meteorology
Algebra
Surveying
Optics
Acoustics
Electricity
Galvanism
temperance
patience
Geology
Botany
sincerity
Magnetism
Juno
Vesta
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Planets
Comets
Meteorites
Aerolites
BUSINESS FORMS .
The followingforms may be used as exercises in spelling, and for
the purpose of imparting some instruction in relation tobusiness
concerns .
COMMON BILL OF BOOKS .
New York , January 4th, 1853 .
Mr. THOMAS LAWRENCE,
Bought of A.S. BARNES & Co.
24 dozen Northend's American Speaker, at $4,
6
1
1
School Dialogues, at 4,
Dictation Exercises, at 1.50,
Davies ' Surveying, -9.00 ,
Practical fiathematics, — 6.00,
$ 10.00
6.00
9.00
9.00
6.00
$ 40.00
Received payment,
A. S. BARNES ,
per D. P. NORTHEND.
Note. — The above is the form of a bill when payment is made at the time
of purchase. D. P. Northend receives the pay as clerk , or agent, for A S.
Barnes & Co.
112
BUSINESS FORMS .
AN ACCOUNT BILL.
JAMES B. NICHOLS,
To GEORGE F. PUTMAN ,
Dr.
1852.
$20.25
May101.. To
44 yards Blue Broadcloth , at 4.50,
66 2 bbls . Flour,
66
15 .
June 11.
11.00
at 5.50 ,
at
7,
at 123 ,
66 25 lbs . Sugar ,
66 12 " Coffee ,
1.75
1.50
$34.50
Received payment,
GEORGE F. PUTMAN .
Boston , July 10, 1852.
NOTE. - The above is the form of a bill giving the items of a running ac .
count.
NOTES .
No. 1 .
$ 150.
New York , March 1 , 1852.
For value received, I promise to pay JOHN C. Foote, or order, One
Hundred and Fifty Dollars, on demand, with interest.
CHARLES D. HOWARD.
No. 2.
$ 200.
Salem , June 4, 1852 .
For value received , I promise to pay CHARLES W. HANSON, or
bearer, Two Hundred Dollars, on demand, with interest.
EBEN SUTTON.
No. 3 .
Salem , April 2, 1852.
For value received , we, jointly and severally, promise to pay
HENRY FARNUM , or order, Three Hundred Dollars, on demand , with
interest.
$300 .
FRANCIS LORD ,
JOSHUA PLUMMER .
No. 4.
Salem , April 10, 1852.
For value received, ninety days after date , I promise to pay
CHARLES A. NORTHEND , or order, Five Hundred and Ninety-five
Dollars and Seventy -five Cents.
$ 595700
BENJAMIN ANNABLE.
113
BUSINESS FORMS .
No. 5 .
Salem , March 14 , 1852.
$1000 .
For value received , I promise to pay to the order of WILLIAM
SUTTON, One Thousand Dollars, at the Commercial Bank, in ninety
days from date .
GEORGE F. PUTMAN .
No. 6 .
Danvers, April 4, 1852.
For value received, I promise to pay to my own order, Five Hun
dred and Seventy-five Dollars , in sixty days from date.
$ 575 .
WARREN M. JACOBS.
No. 7.
NOTE FOR BORROWED MONEY .
$ 75.
Salem , March 24,
1852.
Borrowed and received of CHARLES FRIEND, Seventy-five Dollars,
which I promise to pay on demand, with interest.
W. D. Swan .
REMARKS ON PROMISSORY NOTES.
The person who signs a note is called the promiser ormaker, and the person
to whom it is payable is called the payee. An individual endorses a note by
An endorser is responsible for the pay
ment of a note, provided he is legally notified of its non-payment by the signer.
A note payable “ on demand," as No. 1, is payable at the call or order of the
writing his name across the back of it.
payee, who can make it negotiable by endorsing it.
A note like No. 2 is negotiable without endorsement, and is payable to the
holder " on demand .”
When more than one individual signs a note, as No. 3, each one becomes
responsible for its payment.
Notes on time, as No. 4, &c., are entitled to three days more than specified
in the note , called “ three days of grace.” No. 4, for instance, is payable to .
Charles A. Northend, or, if endorsed by him, to the holder, in ninety -three days ,
including the “ days of grace.”
days, if not then paid.
It would draw interest after ninety-three
No. 5 is payable at the Commercial Bank, at the expiration of ninety days
and grace , and becomes negotiable and payable to the holder, if William Sut
ton endorses it, or writes his name upon the back.
Note No. 6 is a very convenient form for a business note. It becomes nego
tiable and transferable when W. M. Jacobs endorses it.
The words “ value received ,” or their equivalent, should always be expressed
in a note ; and, if interest is intended, it is wellto insert the words “ with inter
est. "
DUE - BILLS .
No. 1 .
Salem , April 6 , 1852.
Due to EDWARD W. JACOBS, or order, on demand, Twenty Dol
GILMAN B. HALL .
lars, value received .
10*
114
BUSINESS FORMS .
No. 2 .
Salem , May 7 , 1852.
Due to JAMES NICHols, or order, on demand,Fifty Dollars in Mer
chandise at my store, value received.
A. C. Dix.
- A due-bill is merely a memorandum , given, usually, for a small
amount or balance due, and payable on demand . Interest is not allowed on
due - bills, unless specified .
NOTE
DRAFTS.
No. 1 .
$100.
Boston , March 21 , 1852.
At sight, without grace, pay to the order of CHARLES NORTHEND,
One Hundred Dollars, value received , and oblige
Your obedient servant,
EDMUND DWIGHT .
Messrs.Boston.Mitis & Co., }
No. 2.
Salem , April 4, 1852.
Sixty days after date, pay to the order of JOHN KINSMAN, Four
$450 .
Hundred and Fifty Dollars, value received, and place the same to
the account of
Yours, &c . ,
JAMES NICHOLS.
Boston .
REMARKS ON DRAFTS.
A draft is understood to be an order drawn on some person at a distance, di
recting him to pay to a third person, named in the draft, or to the order of said
third person, a specified sum of money , either at sight, i. e., on the presentation
of the draft, or at the expiration of a certain time named therein. The person
who signs a draft is called the drawer ; the person on whom it is drawn, the
drawee ; and the person to whom it is ordered to be paid , the payee. The
drawee is called the acceptor when he accepts the draft, which he does by writing
his name under the word “ Accepted ” across the face of it, when presented.
He thus engages to pay it when it becomes due .
When a draft has been accepted , it is called an acceptance. The payee can
pass it to any other person by writing his name across the back of it.
Draft No. 1 is payable on presentation, to Charles Northend, or, if endorsed
by him, it is transferable and payable to the holder.
Draft No. 2 is payable, at the expiration of sixty days and “ grace," to John
Kinsman, or, if endorsed by him , to the holder.
115
BUSINESS FORMS.
ORDERS.
.
No. 1 .
Salem , June 1 , 1852.
Mr. SAMUEL CARTER :
Please to pay JOHN R. Poor, or order, Thirty Dollars, value
received, and charge the same to the account of
Yours, &c. ,
JOHN W. CARLTON .
No. 2.
Salem , May 2, 1852.
Messrs . IVES & STREETER :
Gent. : Please pay CHARLES THOMAS, or bearer, Fifty Dollars in
Goods , and charge the same to
CHARLES JOHNSON .
Note. — An order is, what its name purports, a written request or demand
on some person to pay to the person in whose favor it is drawn a certain
amount inmoney or merchandise, on the presentation of the order . The par
ties generally reside near each other.
An order like No. 1 is transferable when endorsed by the person in whose
favor it is drawn .
RECEIPTS .
No. 1 .
Salem , May 15, 1852.
Received of JOHN NORTHEND One Hundred and Twenty -nine Dol
$ 129 .
lars on account.
CHARLES NORRIS.
No. 2.
$35 .
Salem , May 10, 1852.
Received of DANIEL A. VARNEY Thirty-five Dollars, in full of all
accounts.
THOMAS R. NEWHALL .
No. 3 .
$ 100.
elem , April 6, 1852.
Received of JOSEPH WYMAN One Hundred Dollars, in full of all
demands
WILLIAM H. VARNEY .
116
EXERCISES.
No. 4 .
$50.
Salem , March 10 , 1852.
Received of SAMUEL SYMONDS Fifty Dollars, to be endorsed upa
the note I hold against him, bearing date January 6 , 1845, for $ 201
JAMES STEVENS.
REMARKS ON RECEIPTS .
A receipt like No. 1 acknowledges the partial payment of money due on
account.
One like No. 2 acknowledges a full settlement of all accounts.
One like No. 3 acknowledges a full adjustment of all claims and demands
excepting negotiable notes.
of apaid
noteand
makes
a partial
paymentupon
thereof,
it is customary
It some
to When
endorsethethemaker
amount
the time
of payment
the note.
times happens that the payee receives money to be applied towards the pay
ment of a note, when he has not the note with him. In this case, he should
give a receipt like No. 4.
It is proper to require a receipt for all moneys paid .
EXERCISES .
Itwill be well for the teacher, occasionally, to give exercises like
the following, which may be indefinitely extended.
If James Nichols buys of you, May 6, 1845, 1 bbl. flour, worth
$5.50 ; 10 gals. molasses, @ 23 c. per gal. ; 25 lbs. sugar, @ 7 c.
per lb .; and 4 gals. of oil, @ 95 0. per gal.; and pays for the same,
how will you make out his bill ?
Write a note, payable on demand, to A. F. Clark, or order, for
$400, dating the same May 9, 1852.
Write a note for $500, payable in ninety days, to Charles Han
son , or bearer, on which Alfred Friend and William Varney shall be
“ jointly and severally ” promisers : note to be dated July 5 , 1852.
Make a note , payable to your own order , at the Danvers Bank , in
sixty days, from April 25, 1852 .
Draw a draft on George A. Osborne, of Danvers, for $ 1000, pay
able at sight to Poole and Jacobs, or order, dating the same Boston,
June 1 , 1852.
Write an order onAmos Merrill for twenty -five dollars in mer
chandise, payable to William Poor, or bearer, on demand , dating the
same August 5 , 1852.
Write an order, dated Danvers, August 12, 1845 , on Carter &
Batchelder, for $ 50, in favor of Francis Poole .
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS ,
117
If you borrow $100 dollars ofGeorge Nichola, payable on demand ,
how will you write a note therefor ?
If James B. Nichols pays you $ 50 in full for all demands you
have against him, how will you write a receipt ?
If, on settlement with Charles A. Northend; you owe him $12,
how will you write a due-bill for the amount ?
If you
receive of John Northend $25 on account, how will you
write a receipt therefor ?
Draw a draft on John H. Kinsman , of Salem , for $ 500, payable
in sixty days, to Charles H. Wheeler, or order, dating the same
Boston, September 2, 1852.
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS.
The following questions will suggest to Teachers something of the
manner and extent of using this work :
On page 35 is a list of export, and the following questions may
form a sample.
Where is Arabia ? What do we get from Arabia ? What are
aloes ? For what are they used ? Do we get coffee from any coun
try besides Arabia ? Is coffee an animal, mineral,or vegetable pro
duction ? What can you tell about it ? How is it prepared for use ?
REVIEW OF THE MARKET .
(See page 71. )
What is meant by review of the market ? What is meant by review
of Boston market ?
From what are ashes made ?
For what used ?
What is potash ? What is pearlash ? What is meant by the
expressions, “ No change noticed in previous quotations," and
“ Demand and receipts continue limited ” ? Of what are candles
made ? At what places were the candles made which were sold ?
From what are sperm candles made ? Can you think of any reason
why moreof those candles would belikely to be made in New Bed
ford and Nantucket than elsewhere ?
What other kinds of whales
besides sperm whales ? Where are whales found ? How are they
taken ?
MARINE JOURNAL . (See page 74. )
What is meant by marine journal ? Of what use is it ? Where
is this marine journal dated ? What is a ship ? What other ves
sels can you name, andwhat are some peculiarities of each ? From
what port had the ship Wm .A. Cooper_sailed ? When did she
leave that port ? When did she arrive at Boston ? How long, then,
118
SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHERS .
wasshe onher passage ? What is the latitude and longitudeof
Cadiz ? Of Boston ? Where was the Wm . A. Cooper on the 30th
of July ? What happened then ? Why is the fact of having passed
or spoken a vessel of sufficient importance to be published in a
paper ? &c. &c.
CONTENTS .
PAGB
Rules for Spelling ,
use of Capitals ,
Words of similar pronunciation and different orthography,
Wordswhich are often misused,
.
.
.
Fruits, Nuts, and articles of Food, .
Shrubbery, Flowers, and Trees,
Articles of Furniture, &c. ,
* Wearing Apparel, &c. ,
66
.
0
“ Traffic ,
Various Tools , &c. ,
Articles of Export, &c.
33
35
Miscellaneous Exercises for Spelling,
. 37
· 49
51
O
Names of Persons,
Abbreviations,
Latin Words and Phrases,
French Words and Phrases,
Review of Market,
Marine Journal,
. 56
Advertisements ,
Presidential Terms ,
Synonymes,
Prefixes, &c. ,
Appropriate Prepositions,
.
Terms of Arithmetic , Grammar, &c. ,
Books of the Bible,
Proper Names of Bible use,
Plurals of Nouns, .
Words used in the Bible,
Animals and Birds,
Trees,
Business Forms ,
Suggestions to Teachers,
5
9
11
27
30
31
32
32
33
.
.66
. 71
74
79
84
. 85
100
103
104
105
106
106
.
107
109
110
111
118
1
។
20
NATIONAL SERIES
OF
STANDARD SCHOOL BOOKS,
PUBLISHED BY A. S. BARNES & CO .,
DAVIESE SYSTEM OF MATHEMATICS
DAVIES' PRIMAEY TARE BOOK.
SCIENCE OF THE ENG, LANGUAGE .
WRIGHT'S. ANALYTICAL ORTHOGRAPHY.
DAVIES FIRST LESSONS IN ARITHMETIO . PRICE'S ENGLIES SPELLING -BOOK .
MARTIN'S ORTHOEPIST.
DAVIES SCHON
MENC.
KEY TO DAYIT SCHOOL ARITHMETIC .
NORTHEND'S DICTATION EXERCISES ,
PAEKER'S FIRST SCHOOL READER .
DAVIES GRAMMAR OF ARITHMETIC.
DAVIES UNIVERSITY ARITHMETIO .
PARKERS SECOND SCHOOL READER .
KEY TO DAVIES UNIVERSITY ARITU .
DAVIES ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA.
PARKER'S TREND SCHOOL READER .
PARKER'S FOURTH BOHOOL TEJADER .
PARKER'S RHETORICAL READER
CLARK'S GRAMMATICAL CHART ANDKEY ,
CLARK'S ANALYSIS OF ENG , LANGUAGE.
CLARK'S NO ENGLISH GRANCEAR .
NORTIEND'S LITTLE SPEAKEN .
KEY TO DAVIES ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA
DAVIES KLEMENTARY GEOMETRY.
DAVIES' PRACTICAL MATHEMATICS,
DAVIES BOURDO.
ALEX BERA
DAVIES' LEGENDRE'S GLOSTETRY,
DAVIES ELEMENTS OF SU :
DAVIES ANALYTICAL BUOMETky.
DAVIS
NORTHEND'S AMERICANSPEAKER .
NUNTIEND'S SCHOOL, DIALOGUES.
AND INTEGRAT. CALCULUS
DAVIES' DESCRIPTIVE GEOM.TRY
DAVIES SHADES , SHADOWS, ETO,
1listory and Chronolog
DAVIES LOGIC OF MATHEMATICS,
WILLARD'S HISTORT OF THE T. STA.
WILLARD'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF DO .
CHAMBERS TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE. WILLARD'S UNIVERSAL HISTORT.
CHAMBERS' NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
CHAMBERS ELEMENTS OF ZOOLOGY.
HAMILTON'S ELEMENTS OF PHYSIOLOGY .
PAGE'S ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY.
WILLARD'S AMERICAN CHRONOGRAPHE
WILLARD'S TEMPLE OR MAP OF TIME.
WILLARD'S HISTORIO GUIDE,
WILARD'S ENGLISH CHRONOGRAPHER
REID & BAIN'S CHEMISTRY, ETO .
ALISON'S HIST. OF EUROPE (ABRIDGED ).
CLARK'S ELEMENTS OF DRAWING .
KINGSLET'S JUYENILE ORO
FULTON & EASTMAN'S CHEROGE- CHARTS. KINGSLEY'S YOUNG LADIES' HARP
KET TO FULTON & RASTHAN'S CHARTS.
FULTON & EASTMAN'S WRITING -BOOKS.
FULTOX & EASTMAN'S BOOK -KEEPING .
PARKER'S JUVENILE PUILOSOPHY,
PALKET ' FIRST LESS. IN PHILOSOPHY,
ALKER'S SCHOOL COMPENDIUME
BIZTIRE ON THE USE OF THE GLOBES .
GULSPIE CY ROADS AND RAILROADS.
BARII ETI'S NM , PHILOS. FOR COLLEGES,
KINGSLEY'S SACRED HARMONIRT .
SCHOOL SONG AND HYMN BOOK
SABBATH SCHOOL CEMS (Music )
THEODORE THINKERSBABY ,
WATTS ON THE ME
(with questions).
DUNNING'S ANCIENT AND CLASS. OOG
Tor the Toncher Library
BRCOS FINES TESSONS.
PAGE'S THEORY . PRAG OY TOACHING
BROOKS' Oyn's AYTAMORPHOSIS .
MANSFIELD ON AMERICAN EDUCATION,
DE TOCQUEVILLE ON ANINSTITUTIONS ,
BROOKE ERST OLEK LESSONS.
BLOCKS COLLECTANEA EVANGELICA
BARNARD. ON SCHOOL ANTECEUX.