MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
MODULE 8: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION
WORLD WIDE WEB
 World Wide Web has forced practically everyone to migrate to this realm and be part
of the virtual community of information seekers.
 Multimedia forms have enriched information through synergy of text, audio, image,
and video.
 Search engines have made information seeking and retrieval more sophisticated,
thus, satisfying more conveniently your information needs.
 Social presence in the online world transcended physical boundaries and cultural
differences.
 New media
 Is interactive and has linked every user to each other through vast networks of
platforms such as e-mail, Internet search, and messaging applications.

 More opportunities for interconnectedness are continuously being.
Online Social Networking
 Information dissemination and wider social relationship are due to online
social networking dramatically changing the landscape of generation, access,
distribution, and presentation of content.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA BY SOCIAL PRESENCE/MEDIA RICHNESS AND SELFPRESENTATION/SELF-DISCLOSURE (adopted from Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010)
SOCIAL PRESENCE/MEDIA RICHNESS
LOW
HIGH
SELFPRESENTATION/
SELF
DISCLOSURE
Blogs
MEDIUM
Social Networking Sites
(e.g., Facebook)
LOW
Collaborative
Projects
(e.g., Wikipedia)
Content Communities
(e.g., YouTube)
HIGH
Virtual Social
Worlds (e.g.,
Second Life)
Virtual Game
Worlds (e.g.,
World of
Warcraft)
CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROCESS OF INFORMATION SEARCH THAT UTILIZES ONLINE
PORTAL (Cheng and Shen 2010)
1. Media document retrieval, or the functionality
 i.e., search engines that enable users “to submit one or more queries in the form of
an example rich media object or keyword terms”
2. Media content mining, or the techniques employed to extract “implicit knowledge, data
relationships, or other regular patterns,”
SOCIALNESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA
 Crowdsourcing means distributing information is faster than the blink of an eye.
 Social media
 “Democratized” the flow of information. This means that people have more
liberal access to thoughts and ideas.
 Has increased the engagement of people in creating their own content which
you usually see in video sharing platforms and blog sites.
NETIZENS ENGAGEMENT PATTERNS WITH INFORMATION (WIHBEY 2014)
1. Media (broadcast) activation
 Sharing of content among media users through the different media forms such as
television, radio, print media, and other traditional media.
2. Viral (peer-to-peer)
 Sharing of content through online or new media.
3. Hybrid
 A combination of media activation and peer-to-peer.
CYBERCRIME IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Cybercrime is a “crime committed with or through the use of information and
communication technologies such as radio, television, cellular phone, computer and
network, and other communication device or application. (Department of Justice)
CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN CYBERSPACE
1. Offenses against the confidentiality integrity and availability of computer data and
systems
2. Computer-related offenses
3. Content-related offenses
4. Offenses related to infringements of copyright and related rights.
CYBERCRIME-RELATED LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Republic Act No. 9995
 Anti-photo Voyeurism Act of 2009
Republic Act No. 9775
 Anti-child Pornography Act of 2009
Republic Act No. 9208
 Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003
Republic Act No. 8792
 E-commerce Act of 2000
Republic Act No. 8484
 Access Device Regulation Act of 1998
Republic Act No. 4200
 Anti-wiretapping Law
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERATE AUDIENCE
 You are an empowered audience when you are able to make the most of the media
messages you receive.
 Information processing involves a conscious filtering and matching and construction
of meanings of these messages.
INFORMATION PROCESSING TASKS (POTTER, 2011)
FILTERING MESSAGE
MEANING MATCHING
MEANING CONSTRUCTION
TASK
GOAL
To make
decisions about
which messages
to filter out
(ignore) and
which to filter in
(pay attention to)
To attend to only
those messages
that have some
kind of usefulness
for the person
and ignore all
other messages
Messages in the
environment
To use basic
competencies to
recognize
referents and
locate previously
learned
definitions for
each
To access
previously
learned meanings
efficiently
Referents in
messages
To use skills in
order to move
beyond meaning
matching and to
construct
meaning for one’s
self in order to
personalize and
get more out of a
message
To interpret
messages from
more than one
perspective as a
means of
identifying the
range of meaning
options, then
choose one or
synthesize across
several
One’s own
knowledge
structures
MEDIA CONTENT
People Live in Two Worlds [Potter] (2011)
1. The real world
2. The media world
FOCUS
Information processing is a skill that every media and information literate audience must
exploit to avoid automaticity and normalization.
MEDIA EFFECTS
 Media is pervasive. The subtle ways media influence your attitude and behavior.
THIRD PERSON EFFECT
Media has a particular power over audiences.
You are made to think that media content may be too banal or simple to have any effect on
you.
THREE BASIC PRINCIPLES ABOUT MEDIA EFFECTS (2011)
1. Media effects are constantly occurring because of media’s constant and direct/ indirect
influence to you.
2. Media work with other factors… in exerting influence; and
3. You can control the effects process in your life.
ESSENTIAL LEARNING
Media and information present opportunities and challenges for greater involvement and
social presence.
Social media
 Which is a very crucial driver in social movements, may be utilized to further the
communicative goals of individuals and institutions.

Can also be misused and abused through offenses committed in the cyberspace.